Structural Bolting Assemblies according to EN 14399

EN 14399-110 High Strength Structural Bolting assemblies for preloading.

UNI EN 14399-1:2005 General Requirements

UNI EN 14399-2:2005 Suitability test for Preloading

UNI EN 14399-3:2005 System HR. Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies

UNI EN 14399-4:2005 System HV. Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies

UNI EN 14399-5:2005 Plain washers

UNI EN 14399-6:2005 Plain chamfered washers

UNI EN 14399-7:2008 System HR. Countersunk head bolt and nut assemblies

UNI EN 14399-8:2008 System HV. Hexagon fit bolt and nut assemblies

UNI EN 14399-9:2008 System HR or HV. Direct tension indicators for bolt and nut assemblies

UNI EN 14399-10:2009 System HRC. Bolt and nut assemblies with calibrated preload
 Structural Bolting according to EN 14399
There are three approved technical solutions for High-Strength Structural Bolting in
Europe, as outlined below
HR ASSEMBLIES HV ASSEMBLIES HRC ASSEMBLIES
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS EN14399-1
SUITABILITY TEST FOR PRELOADING EN14399-2 , additional tests on request
BOLT AND NUT EN14399-3 EN14399-7 EN14399-4 EN14399-8 EN14399-10
BOLT MARKING HR HR HV HVP HRC
NUT MARKING HR HR HV HV HR or HRD

PROPERTY CLASS 8.8/8 - 8.8/8 - 10.9/10 10.9/10 HR or HRD

10.9/10 10.9/10

WASHER(S) EN 14399-5 or EN14399-6

WASHER MARKING H
DIRECT TENSION INDICATOR WASHER LEANED AGAINST THE
NUT AND/OR THE BOLT

DTI MARKING H8 or H10 H10

EN14399-9 AT USERS
MARKING OF THE WASHER LEANED AGAINST THE NUT
DISCRETION
MARKING OF THE WASHER LEANED AGAINST THE BOLT HB NA HN HB

HOT DIP GALVANIZING AND BLACK OXIDE ARE THE MOST COMMON COATINGS
 HR System HV System HRC System

diameters from M12 to M36 diameters from M12 to M36 diameters from M12 to M36

Wrench according to Large ISO series Wrench according to Large ISO Wrench according to Large ISO
(except M20 and M12) series (except M20 and M12) series (except M20 and M12)

Oversized under head radius Oversized under head radius Oversized under head radius
connections connections connections

Partial thread ISO 888 Short Partial Thread Partial thread ISO 888

(l variable thread with l=shank)

(l variable thread with l=shank) (lg. Threaded part depending on
diameter) nut height as style 1 ISO (~ 0,8d 0,85d )
nut height as style 1 ISO (~ 0,8d 0,85d )
nut height ~ 0,75d 0,8 d (DIN 6915)
2 heat treated washers (300370 HV),
nut proof load larger than ISO 898-2
nut proof load according to ISO 898-2 chamfered under head washer
2 heat treated washers (300370 HV),
chamfered under head washer 2 heat treated washers (300370 HV), spline end sheared off when preload is
chamfered under head washer achieved
Depending on the system chosen, the parts can be supplied according to the three classes K0,
K1 e K2 , to which correspond different functional features and tightening methods

SYSTEM

HR HV HRC

K0 X X X

K -CLASS K1 X X

K2 X X X

K0, K1 and K2 affect the supply terms of the assemblies

 EN14399/3 HR SYSTEM EN14399/4 HV SYSTEM EN14399/10 HRC
SYSTEM (K2-class)
Variable Hexagon Head Hexagon Head
factors Hexagon/ Round head

K1 K2 K1 K2 K2

Long thread: Long thread: Short thread: use of Short thread: use of Long thread: lengths can be
lengths can be lengths can be various dimensions various dimensions adapted using a limited
Thread adapted using a adapted using a Interchangeability is Interchangeability is number of codes
limited number of limited number of limited limited
codes codes

The combined The torque method The combined method The torque method Use of a Shear wrench, The
method (torque + standardizes the (torque + angle) standardizes the procedure is simple and
Tightening angle ) involves tightening process involves several tightening process but functional (no technical
methods several tightening but involves a high tightening steps and involves a high number skills required, erection
steps and many number of workers many workers of workers time reduced )
workers

Number of
workers VERY HIGH HIGH VERY HIGH HIGH LOW

Coatings Black Oxide/ HDG Black Oxide /HDG Black oxide /HDG Black oxide/HDG Black oxide/HDG
According to According to According to According to
specifications specifications specifications specifications According to specifications

Inspections Difficult , according Difficult , according Difficult , according to Difficult , according to Easy, thanks to the spline
to 1090-2 to 1090-2 1090-2 1090-2 end breaking
 Torque method Combined method Direct Tension TCB method (HRC)
Indicator method

Before commencement of preloading the connected components shall be fitted together.

Each bolt assembly shall be brought at least to snug-tight condition with special care being given to avoid
General
over-tightening. The tightening process shall be carried out from bolt to bolt of the group starting from the most rigid
part of the connection and moving progressively towards the least rigid part. To achieve a uniform snug tight
condition, more than one cycle of tightening may be necessary.

The bolts shall be For torque wrenches Bolts fitted to snug-tight Shear wrenches do not
tightened using a torque used in the first step of using a normal size require calibration.
wrench offering a the combined spanner.
suitable operating installation method an
range. Impact wrenches accuracy of +/-10% is Bolts tightened using
may be used for the first required with annual appropriate tooling to
Tooling step of tightening only. testing. achieve compression of
the DTI.
Torque wrenches used
in all steps shall be
capable of +/-4%
accuracy and checked
weekly.

The first step of The first tightening step

tightening to reach a
For the first step the wrench shall be set to a torque uniform snug-tight
value to achieve about 0.75Mr,i with Mr,i=Mr,i or condition of the fastener
Firs tightening step Mr,test. The first step shall be completed for all bolts assembly shall be when
in one connection prior to commencement of the initial deformation of the
second step. DTI protrusions begins.
is achieved using the
shear wrench. When the
outer socket stops
turning and the gearing
backtracks, it allows the
tool to be taken off the
bolt.
 Direct Tension
Torque method Combined method TCB method (HRC)
Indicator method

For the second step, a The second tightening The second step of
torque wrench shall be step involves a specified tightening bolts shall be
set to a torque value of part turn to be applied to as EN 14399-9 and
1.1Mr,i with Mr,i=Mr,2 or the bolt assembly. annex J of EN 1090-2;
Mr,test.
The position of the nut Indicators are usually
The torque reference relative to the bolt applied under the bolt
values Mr,i to be used for thread shall be marked head and the bolt is The second tightening
a nominal minimum after the first step using usually tightened by step is achieved when
preloading force Fp,C are a marking crayon or rotation of the nut. the spline end of the
determined for each type paint so that the final bolt shears off.
of bolt and nut rotation of the nut A feeler gauge (as
combination used by one relative to the bolt specified in table J.1 of
Second tightening of the following options: thread can be easily EN 1090-2) shall be
step determined. used to determine
1. Values based on whether the DTI has
k-class declared The additional rotation compressed in
by the fastener during the second step accordance with the
manufacturer.
shall be in accordance requirements.
2. Values
with values given in
determined by No more than 10% of
table 21 of EN
Annex H of EN the indicators in a
1090-2:2008.
1090-2 (test to connection bolt group
determine torque shall exhibit full
values for compression of the
preloaded bolts indicator.
under site
conditions)

Torque wrenches used for inspections shall be Feeler gauge used as a NA

Inspection tooling
calibrated and have +/- 4% accuracy. no-go inspection tool
 Torque method Combined method Direct Tension TCB method (HRC)
Indicator method

All connections with preloaded fasteners shall be visually checked after they are initially bolted up and before
commencement of preloading

The number of bolts inspected at random depends on the Execution Class specified
EXC1 to EXC4. If the inspection leads to rejection, all of the bolting assemblies in the
Inspection of bolts The inspection shall be
group shall be checked.
during and after carried out on 100% of the
tightening. Overall number of bolts to be checked in a class EXC2 structure - 5% for the second bolting assemblies by
step visual inspection.

EXC3 and EXC4 -10% EXC3 and EXC4 -5% for EXC3 and EXC4 -10%
General
for the second step the first step and -10% for the second step.
for the second step

Inspection shall be carried out using a sequential sampling plan according to annex
M of EN 1090-2. If the result of the inspection to sequential type A is negative, the
inspection may be enlarged to sequential type B.

If fasteners are not applied in accordance with the defined methods, the removal
and re-installation of the whole bolt group shall be witnessed.
 Torque method Combined method Direct Tension TCB method (HRC)
Indicator method

The inspection of a bolt After the second step the After the final tightening, Fully tightened assemblies
Inspection at second assembly shall be marks shall be inspected assemblies selected for are identified as those with
step carried out by the with the following inspection shall be checked the spline sheared off..
application of a torque to requirements: to establish that the final
the nut using a indicator settings are in
calibrated torque 1. If the rotation accordance with the
Specific angle is less than
wrench. requirements specified in
15 below
specified value, EN 14399-9 and Annex J of
The objective is to check EN 1090-2
the angle shall be
that the torque value corrected.
necessary to initiate 2. If the rotation is
rotation is at least equal to more than 30
the torque value 1.1Mr,i over specified
with Mr,i=Mr,2 or Mr,test. angle or the bolt
has failed, the
assembly shall be
replaced.

Inspection shall be
carried out between 12
and 72 hours after the
Notes
final completion of
tightening of the bolts
concerned