ANALYSIS OF A ROOF TRUSS

03) Graphical view of SAP2000 model for scenario S03

Dead Load

Imposed Load

Wind Load
04) Axial force diagram for scenarios S01 and S03

S01 Axial Force

S03 Axial Force

05) Shear force diagram for scenarios S01 and S03

S01 Shear Force

S02 Shear Force

06) Bending moment diagram for scenarios S03 and S07

S03 Bending Moment

S07 Bending Moment

07) Design forces (axial force, shear force and bending moment) for top and bottom chords, vertical
and diagonal members for each scenarios (Maximum ones are considered)

Axial Force Shear Force Bending Moment

Top or
Top or Bottom Web Bottom Web Top or Bottom Web
Diagona
Top Bottom l Vertical Top Bottom Diagonal Vertical Top Bottom Diagonal Vertical
- -
S01 133.81 26.467 31.837 18.073 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- -
S02 135.53 26.468 31.838 18.073 5.871 0 0 0 6238.1 0 0 0
- -
S03 133.81 131.69 31.837 18.073 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- -
S04 135.53 131.83 31.838 18.073 5.871 0 0 0 6238.1 0 0 0
- -
S05 131.14 -25.01 30.204 17.131 0.441 0.444 -1.797 -2.046 -731.9 775.07 775.07 -877.1
-
S06 141.99 28.668 31.473 -17.88 6.678 0.703 0.431 -4.666 3859.1 -1521.8 746.48 1320.5

S07 -129.7 127.64 30.616 -17.31 0.454 0.54 0.357 -1.204 867.52 -1064.9 751.85 580.92
- -
S08 140.52 137.02 31.906 18.065 6.511 0.536 0.34 -3.003 4033.1 -1524.8 722.15 908.55
06) Discuss the difference between eight scenarios and suggest the best suited option to the
structural designer

Firstly we have to understand what we are designing and based on that we have to select the best
option. Here we are designing a roof truss where any member is not supposed to carry any bending
moments or shear by the definition of a truss. In this analysis we have done our analysis for different
support conditions, loading methods and also how each member is connected to one another. By
observing the results obtained and summered in the above table we can come to following
conclusions.

From Scenario 1,2,3,4 to scenario 5,6,7,8 we see some major differences with shear forces
and bending moments and we can note that in scenario 5,6,7,8 there is high shear along with
high bending moments in the flanges and also in web members with a lower magnitude. This
is due the connection change made. But in the trust we prefer no shear in the web members.
So trust with the bolt connection is more suitable.
As for Scenario 1,3 and scenario 2,4 the difference we can see is only in the top flange
members bending moments and shear force which is obviously due to the mid span loading
which created a bending moment and a shear force. For a truss it is not suitable to have shear
force and bending moment in it truss members. It must only have the axial forces. So scenario
1,3 is more preferred
From scenario 1 and 3 the difference is the support condition. For scenario 1 both support
have pinned and scenario 2 have one pinned and one roller. A pin support can support a
structure in two dimension while roller support can only one dimension. And both pinned
case only truss can resist a lateral force. Axial forces are also lower in the scenario 1. So
scenario 1 is more suitable for the roof truss construction.
09) What we have learn through the assignment

From the assignment the most important fact we learnt was that it is vital to understand what we are
designing first and then we have to use the software according to our need as the software doesnt
possess cognition to figure out the necessity and suitability of design. It merely produces the
calculations and an analysis of the structure. Furthermore we have familiarized ourselves with the
local axis in SAP2000 software. And also assign load, apply load combinations, add safety factors and
obtain various diagrams. And also we learnt how to rotate the section along with it axis. And most
important one is we learnt how to analyst a structure using this software.

Now we have the knowledge to some extend to analyst 2D truss and get conclusions from difference
scenarios.