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Procedure
F H =0 F V =0 M = 0
Civil & Environmental Engineering Department
Single Free Body Procedure
Re sisting Force
Fs =
Driving Force
B
c' + B H cos tan '
cos
Fs =
B H sin
B B
c' + ( sat B H cos w H )
cos cos
Re sisting Force
Fs =
Driving Force
= 0
Fs =
Re sisting Moment c r 2
=
Driving Moment W1l1 W2l2
Civil & Environmental Engineering Department
shear stress
m=
H
critical condition, = cu
cu
H cr =
m
m can be calculated
from the chart if b and D
are known
a0 H
Let CR =
cu ( z =0 )
Ordinary Method of Slice
Easy to use and simple - is still used commonly.
Divide the slope into a number of slices and calculate
stability parameters for each slice and sum them up.
Driving Force (T) = Wn sin n
n= p
n= p
W
n =1
n sin n
Bishops Simplified Method of Slice
c' L + N r tan '
Fs =
Tr
W + T = N r cos + Tr sin
c' L
W + T sin
Fs
Nr =
tan sin
cos +
Fs
For the equilibrium, taking moment about O
n= p n= p
W r sin = T r
n =1 n =1
n= p
1
(c'.b + W tan '+T tan )
n =1 m
Fs = tan '.sin
m = cos +
n= p
W
n =1
sin
Fs
W
n =1
n sin n
Stability Analysis for Steady-state Seepage
n= p
1
(c'.bn + (Wn u n bn ) tan ' )
n =1 m ( n )
Fs = n= p
W
n =1
n sin n
Non- Circular Failure Surface
In many cases, the slip surface is more complex than the
circular or infinite.
Quite often, the sliding surface follows the zone of weak layer
or the interface between two different types of materials.
In such cases, stability analysis of slopes should be conducted
with more complex methods.
These procedures are also the methods of slice with more
complex analysis, many of them satisfy all conditions of
equilibrium.
Depending on the satisfaction of equilibrium condition, they
are classified as
force equilibrium procedures
complete equilibrium procedures.
Force Equilibrium Procedure
Graphical Solution
Draw the slope in scale and divide them into a number of slices.
Calculate net force due to pore pressure, which is acting
perpendicular to the base of the slide (U = u x l).
Calculate mobilized resistance due to cohesion (T = c'd x l).
Assume F to calculate c'd.
Calculate weight of each slice (W = x b x h).
Make a force polygon by plotting these forces in scale.
Make a line from the end of W, at an angle parallel to the
application of inter-slice force Z2.
Make a line from the starting point of U at an angle inclined at
mobilized friction angle ('d) from a line normal to the sliding
plane. 'd is calculated based on the assumed F.
Complete the force polygon, extending both lines until they meet.
Scaled length of corresponding lines give side friction force (Z2)
and base reaction force (R').
Normal Force, N' = R' Cos 'd.
Follow the same procedure for other slices, starting from the
known forces.
For last slice, only R' is unknown.
Force polygon may not close in the last slice.
The unbalanced inter-slice force is calculated from the force
polygon.
Assumed a new factor of safety and follow the procedure until the
force polygon is balanced.
Analytical Solution
Resolve all forces in a vertical direction and equate to zero.
SPENCER's METHOD
Inter-slice forces for all slices are parallel.
This method determines the inclination of inter-slice forces.
Normal force acts at the center of the base of slice.
Was originally proposed for circular failure surface but was
later accepted for non-circular sliding surfaces too.
Two equations of equilibrium are solved - force and moment,
to find the factor of safety (F) and angle of inclination of inter-
slice force ().
Qi = Zi -Zi=1 For Force equilibrium
Q i =0
M0
M 0 = Q cos ( yQ yb ) yQ = yb +
Q cos
Q(sin .x
b cos . yQ ) = 0
Prepare excel spreadsheet for each slice for Q and assume some
values of F and . Sum of Q should be 0 .
Also prepare a column in spreadsheet to calculate for moment
equilibrium at the origin using the calculated Q.
With multiple trial values of F and , both equations (summation
of columns in excel spreadsheet) should be satisfied.
Once F and are known, Z, N, S and yQ can be calculated.
MORGENSTERN AND PRICE METHOD
Morgenstern and Price (1965) is similar to Spencer's method,
but it assumes that the shear forces between slices depends on
the normal force with a specific function.
SHARMA'S METHOD
Sharma (1973)'s method considers seismic force to be known
and factor of safety as known and we calculate seismic
coefficient to produce F of 1. This seismic coefficient is known
as yield coefficient.
Application of different methods of slope stability analysis
Infinite Slope Homogeneous cohesionless slope
Slope with very shallow sliding soil on hard bed
Swedish Circle Undrained analysis for saturated clays
Relatively thick bed of weak soil
Method of Slice Non-homogeneous slope with c- soil where slip surface is approximately circular.
For quick calculation
But is not suitable for slope with very high pore water pressure
Simplified Bishop Non-homogeneous slope with c- soil where slip surface is approximately circular.
More accurate than Ordinary Method of Slice, especially for slopes with high pore
water pressure
Easy to perform calculation with relatively good accuracy