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    DS-3 - Pipe Supports - Design Guides PDF

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    oscargon19

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS NOMBER DS-3 PIPE SUPPORTS PAGE 1 of 35 DATE gag, 2.0 1.8 This specification outlines the recommended engineering procedure for the design of concrete and steel pipe supports used in indus~ trial plants. The project Structural Engineering Specification will take precedence over any of the following recommendations or requirements. The term "pipe support" describes a class of structures ranging from the small single supports carrying ligut utility lines to the main multideck pipeways loaded with air coolers. Typically, six basic types of supports are used: strutted or unstrutted pipeweys of steel or concrete and miscellaneous single column supports of steel or concrete ar required throughout the plant. The construction material is generally established by fireproofing requirements, procurement limitations or client preferences. Strutted or unstrutted pipe supports are normally designed as rigid frames in the transverse direction. Unstrutted pipe supports are designed as vertical cantilever mem- bers in the longitudinal direction. The height to the top of the upper beam for unstrutted supports should be limited to 24'-0" above grade. Strutted pipe supports are normally used if either Electrical requires continuous overhead conduit support, or Piping estimates that piping take-off supports are required in one-third or wore of the bays, or air coolers are mounted on the pipeway. Strutted pipe supports may be designed as continuous longitudinal rigid frames requiring fixed-ended struts, or the struts may be pin-ended and transmit all longitudinal forces to vertical bracing. Usually cast-in-place concrete pipe supports are designed as longitudinal rigid frames because of their monolithic construction. With steel and precast concrete construction, pin- ended steel struts end vertical bracing is the preferred approach LOADING 22 Gravity Loads 2.1.1 Determine the average unit loading at each pipe deck by using the Piping Material Specification issued for the project to interpret the piping drawing or model. FLUOR DESIGN GUIDES STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS | wuwsee 8-3 PIPE SUPPORTS PAGE = 2 DATE gego 2.2 2.1.2 Assume 12" and smaller steam, air, and vapor lines full of water. Larger lines of this type are assumed full of water only if they will be bydrotested. For example, flare Lines are normally not hydrotested. 2.1.3' For determining pipe loading see attached equivalent weight chart. 2.1.4 Load all empty future berths with the average unit load- ing computed above. 2.1.5 Add a concentrated load at pipes which are at least two sizes larger than the average on the support unless this extra weight is compensated for by smaller adjacent pipes. The concentrated load P = S(w - pd) where $= pipe sup~ port spacing, ft, w = large pipe vt, pli, p = ave unit loading, psf, d= large pipe nominal diameter, ft. 2.1.6 Preliminary electrical information should be investigated Wind to determine the approximate weight and location of elec~ trical trays or conduits. A minimum weight of 20 psf should be used for single level trays and 40 psf for double level trays. Special consideration should be given to unusual loads such as large velves, unusual piping or electrical con- figurations, ete. Loads - 2.2.1 2.2.2 Fricts Only wind loads transverse to the pipeway are considered. Lateral load per foot on the pipes at each pipe deck, W, = 0.8 pd (im). See Wind Chart for notation. Also cBnsider wind loads on air coolers, longitudinal beams, columns, ladders, and other attachments to the pipeway. ion Loads 2.3.1 Friction forces caused by hot lines sliding across the pipe support during start-up and shutdown are assumed partially resisted by adjacent cold lines. Therefore, in order to provide for a nominal unbalance of friction forces acting on a pipe support, assume a resultant lon- gitudinal friction force equal to 10 percent of the total pipe weight tributary to that pipe support STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS. ‘WFLUOR NUMBER DS-3 pEsicn PIPE SUPPORTS PAGE 3 GUIDES DaTE 4-80 2.3.2 On pipe supports for three lines or less, assume 2 fric tion force equal to 20 percent of the total pipe weight, since in such cases all pipes could be sliding in the same direction at the sane time. 2.4 Anchor Forces 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.44 2.4.5 2.4.6 Pipe anchors cause expansion movement to occur at a desired location in a piping system. They may be direc~ tional anchors (DA) restricting movenest in one or more directions while allowing movement in another, or they nay be completely fixed anchors (A). An anchor force has two components: (1) the force required to make the piping flexibility work, called the thermal component, and (2) the resultant of a series of friction forces acting on the pipe as the pipe is sliding slong the pipeway, called the friction component To avoid excessive weak-axis bending on steel supports, the anchors are normally spaced so that friction and ‘thermal forces are minimized. Anchors generally fall on one support midway between process units. When balance is not possible special pipe support design may be required. Occasionally all pipes are anchored on one braced pipe support, This situtaiton typically occurs where piping enters a Fluor-designed process unit from an adjacent area designed by others. It is essential that the structural engineer establish good communications with the pipe stress engineer prior to starting the design of any pipewsy. Anchor locations and forces are needed as early as possible for pipe sup- port design. Also, the structural engineer needs to be immediately informed of any revisions to the anchor forces. On some projects the pipe support design must be under- taken before firm anchor force information is available from the piping stress group. For these situations, the pipe supports are to be designed based on the following assumed anchor forces, located at the two quarter points of each transverse beam: Beam Span < 15'-0 Beam Span > 15'-0 Anchor Force Anchor Force 1.0K 2.0K VFLUOR DESIGN cuipes STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS NUMBER DS-3 PIPE SUPPORTS PAGE 4 DATE = 4-80" 25 2.4.6 . (Contiqued) Assume the thermal component to be 30 percent and the friction component to be 70 percent of the anchor force. 2.4.7 Téa steel pipe support has been issued for fabrication and cannot resist a revised anchor force, and it is incon venient to change the beam size because of mill order or whatever, then the transverse beam should be reinforced with a channel section--preferably in the shop. 2.4.8 Concrete beams will more readily resist anchor forces because of large weak-axis bending resistance and are normally not a problem. 2.4.9 Deflection of beams due to pipe anchor forces are nor- mally partially restrained by friction from other lines on the support. Therefore a calculation of beam deflec- tion considering only the anchor forces will be very conservative and generally should not be made. Normally, the pipe stress engineer can use 1/4 inch as the nominal anchor deflection for piping flexibility analysis. How- ever, where the pipe stress engineer indicates that the deflection of a particular anchor is critical, or where multiple anchors are located on the same support, or where there is an absence of other lines to provide restraint, the deflection should be calculated and reviewed with the pipe stress engineer for concurrence. Barthguake Loads Refer to DS-2, Earthquake Engineering, for load computation. Friction forces will ordinarily exceed the longitudinal earth~ quake forces, so longitudinal earthquake forces are not usually considered unless air coolers are involved, or unless high seismic conditions exist. In this case gravity load + longitudinal seismic loads should be considered 3.0 LOADING COMBINATIONS 3.1 Pipe supports are designed to resist the following Load combinations: a. Gravity load b. Gravity load + anchor force: ¥ STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS. NUMBER —_DS-3 DESIGN PIPE SUPPORTS PAGE 85 GUIDES DATE 4-80 3.1 (Continued) c. Gravity load + transverse wind loads + nonfriction component of the anchor forces 4, Gravity load + earthquake loads + nonfriction component of the anchor forces €. Gravity load + friction load + anchor forces 3.2 It is assumed that neither friction nor the friction component of the anchor forces occur at the same time as wind or earthquake forces. 4,0 DESIGN-STRESSES 4a 4.2 4.3 Structural steel stresses may be increased one-third for all hor- izontal load combinations giver in Paragraphs 3.1 through e above involving either wind, earthquake or friction load. When designing concrete according to the ACI 318 Code, the following interpretation shall be given to Paragraph 9.2 of the Code te calcu- late the required strength, U: a. The weight of liquid in pipes shall be considered as dead load, D. b. The thermal component of an anchor force shall be considered as live load, L. c. Friction forces, including the friction component of anchor forces, shall be considered as W in equations (9-2) and (9-3). Pipe supports shall not be designed as # ductile moment resistant space travil. 5.0 TRANSVERSE BEAMS 5a 3.2 The beam must be capable of supporting a 1000 pound erection load at the midspan prior to placing say pipes. When designing steel supports, assume the full length of the beam is laterally unsupported when calculating the allowable bending stress for the above condition. Assume one-third of the span is unsupported for the operating condition For torsional effects on transverse beams reference Addendum I, "Torsional Considerations.” STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS ‘We FLUOR NUMBER DS-3 DESIGN PIPE SUPPORTS PAGE 6g GUIDES pate 480 6.0 7.0, 8.0 LONGITUDINAL BEAM-STRUTS 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Design for 50 percent of the uniform loading used on one trans- verse beam unless unusual loading is encountered. This 50 percent loading will account for the usual electrical conduits and piping take-offs. Use the assumptions in Paragraph 5.0 with the excep tion of a 500 pound load at aidspan. A single beam-strut will normally be adequate for a two-deck pipe- way. It will not be necessary to double the load given im Para- graph 6.1, since large numbers of upper and lower piping do not normally exit in the same bay. A continuous metal insert is provided at the top and may be provided at the bottom of a con- crete strut to support piping takeoffs. Longitudinal forces may be transmitted to the struts at each column without considering column bending if the vertical dimen~ sion between a transverse beam and the strut in question does aot exceed 3-6". Struts in offsite pipeways are normally needed only to support electrical conduit so they are aot designed to support the loading given in Taragraph 6.1. VERTICAL BRACING Tl 7.2 13 Vertical bracing is used to transmit the combination of anchor and friction forces (or longitudinal earthquake load) from the struts to the foundations. The strut forces are assumed to.be resisted in accordance with relative brace rigidity rather than tributary loading to the braces. There shou'd be one vertically braced bay for about every 150'-0" of pipeway Bracing may be offset into different bays on opposite sides of ae viveway if necessary to avoid interference with equipment. It is suggestd that the first or second bay from an intercounect- ing pipeway be established ducing plot layout as the braced bay pevay. This location is normally out of the more congested part of a unit. Also another bay near the other end of the pipeway shall be established as 2 braced bay if the pipeway length exceeds 150 feet. STEEL COLUMNS 8.1 Steel coluras for strutted pipe supports are usually oriented with their wer parallel to the transverse beans and their bases are vr STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING SAMPLE CONPUTATIONS numper DS*3 vFLUOR PIPE SUPPORTS pace 7 DEsiGn cures DATE 4-80 8.1 (Continued) assumed pinned, for the purpose of analysis only, at the pier top ig the longitudinal direction, and fixed in the transverse Girection. 8.2 Steel columns for unstrutted pipe supports are generally oriented with their vebs peralle? to the pipeway and their bases are assuned fixed at the pier top in eacb direction. 8.3. - The alternative columa orientation for uastrutted pipe supports should be considered for the case of ¢ long tracsverse span With low height. $.0 FOUNDATIONS .1 The stability ratio shall be checked using 8D percent of the gravity load. This is te account for the fact that stability will be critical vhen the least amount of liquid is present in the systen. 9.2 For fixed base plate design and footing stiffness criteria, see DS-48. 10.0 STEEL PIPE SUPPORTS 10.1 10.2 The Steel Pipe Support Tables provide beam and column combinations for nine different types of steel pipe supports with various combiaations of height and width for two different loading condi- tione. These tables may be used for final design where the loads and design conditions coincide with or closely approximate those of the tables. Otherwise the use of the tables is iatended for: 10.2.2 Determining material quantities for estimates. 10.1.2 Selecting “starting” member sizes for analysis and design of pipe supports. 10.3.3 Selecting "starting" member sizes for drafting in situations where drafting must begin before the pipe support bas been designed. The member sizes used must be verified after the design is completed. 10.1.4 Piping layout and model meking. The Steel Pipe Support Tables are based on the following design criteriz and assumptions ‘VFLUOR Desion cules STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS | MUMBER 35-3 PAGE 8 Date 4-80 PIPE SUPPORTS 10.2.1 Pipe supports are spaced on 25'-0" centers. 10.2.2 Heights (H) for the steel pipe supports are from the top of the concrete pier at 6 inches above HPFS. 10.2.3 Bents were analyzed with and without cagtilevers, and the sizes shown io the tables for the beams and columas are based on the most critical condition. Cantilever length equals 0.251, with a maximum length of 6’-0". 10.2.4 Member sizes assumed for calculating vind loads were W18 for supporting air coolers and W10 for all others. 10.2.5 ‘Two sets of tables are presented representing two differ- ent loading combinations as follows: 10.2.5.1 Set 4, i.e., Table IA, vas generated based upon a unitorm load of 30 psf and a transverse wind load of 30 gsi. 10.2.5.2 Set 8, i.e., Table 1B, was generated based upon @ uniform load of 50 psf and a transverse wind load of 30 psf. 10.2.6 The yield strength of the structural steel used in design G,)" is equal to 36 ksi. CONCRETE PIPE SUPPORTS Concrete pipe supports shall preferably be precast at grade. A range of precast concrete pipe supports covering the majority of sizes and types used for typical process unit pipeways have been predesigned. The configurations available are shown in Desiga Guide 5.4. It is intended that a standard design be selected that aeets or exceeds the actual design conditions. This may result in a degree of overdesiga in some cases. However, this is aot uneconomical as the frame sizes for a particular span and type do aot vary signif icantly and the differences in reinforceneat will have little impact om cost. ‘The following information is available to the Project Structural Engineer from the Department staff. W FLUOR DESIGN GUIDES STRUCTUZai. ENGINEERING SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS Jaaee 25-3 PIPE SUPPORTS PAGE 9 |paTE a0 15 14.2 / 11.4.3 Design data sheets providing menber sizes and reinforce- meat for all the predesigned supports for each loading contition. Fou:dation loads and precast pipe support base place design curves, Predesigned sockets are show in Design ‘e 5.7, pages SA and B, including load capacities. Brukcup calculations for the analysis and design of the pipe support frames and sockets Standardized precast pipe supports have been designed for the following loading criteria: 1.5.2 11.5.2 Gravity loads on each pipe deck: 40, 50, 60 and 70 psf with frames spaced at 25 feet on centers along the pipeway. Lateral loads Low Wind - Uniform Building Code - 25 psf zone Higa Wind - Uniform Building Code - $0 psf zone Low Earthquake - Uniform Building Code ~ Zone 2 Eigh Earthquake - Uniform Building Code - Zone 4 Longitudinal loads per Sample Computations in this section. Anchor forces: two 2,000 pound forces per beam applied at quarter points of span at each level. FLUOR DESIGN GUIDES STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS HUMBER 05-2 PAGE = 10, DATE = 4-82 PIPE SUPPORTS (INTENTIONALLY “LEFT BLANK ) yeu STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS number 25-3 DESIGN PIPE SUPPORTS PAGE ll cuibes DATE = 4-82 (INTENTIONALLY TEFT BLAME ) WELUOR STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS wunger 25-2 DESIGN WIND CHART PAGE 32 GulDes DATE 489 ee Pos m =m ° 1 1.00 | 1.00 ° m= 1.431-F 2 70 1,70 “ Ke 3 49 | 219 ° 4 4 | 253 of st 5 24) 277 0 2 4 6 8 0 12 No. of pipes 4 a7 2.94 7 12 | 3.06 We = Cp qadEm=0.8 pdm. : Wp = Total wind load on pipes, Ibs./Ft. a op | ate Cp = Drag coefficient, a = Velocity pressure = p/7.3, psf. 9 06 | 3.20 P= Design wind oressure on fiat surtace, ast. L d= Average pipe diameter, ft, including insulation. In determising average 10 04 | 3.24 pipe ciemeter, only those pipes larger than half the size of the average of the four largest pipes should be used. " 033.27 Function of number of pipes considered with average diameter, 2 a | az 1 Number of pipes considered with average . . diameter. Example: 1 Use Em = 3.3 for a=q [dy e2+...64] ~ nia where dyn, 2 Hn {St d+ d+ ca —T d)—edy = diameter of largest 4 pines LOO4 AUVNOS Had SANNOd ogi ok Lk 4-80 2s DATE | NUMBER Ds PAGE TT 7 ~ | 87-2-5057) STEEL PIPES FILLED WITH WATER APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENT WEIGHT PER SQUARE FOOT STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS (REF, FLUOR ENGINEERING STD. DESIGN GUIDES YFLUOR | ‘S3NV14 #051 YOd ONIDVES did WAWINI. O3GNSHIDDIH SHI OL SNOJSANHOD ANN a3HSVvd HL 40 L104 HaMOT 'S3DNV14 # 009 HOY ONIOVaS 3dld WOWININ O30NEWHODTE 3H O4 SONOASANHOO INIT 1108 3HL JO ANIOd H3MOT FHL “ov 31naaH9s 38 OL G3WnssV IUIM YaTIVNS: GNy USL3WIVIG NIHONKz Sadid “SSANMONLL VIVA HONEOE S3AVH OL GaWNSS¥ 3UIM UIOUVT ONY Y314WYiG MEHONEEL Said aLON, at ‘aL ve 8 ze PL lov vy ‘oy §B.LN3O NO S3HONI ONIOWES ‘STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS Fle ¥ YFLUOR Pipe SUPPORTS NUMBER DS-3 PAGE La DESIGN et hes STEEL PIPE SUPPORT TYPES DATE qeao | Ma FREE STANDING P'S. WITH FREE STANDING ®.S. WITH STRUTTEO P.S, WITH Of Wo CANTILEVERS 1) onWwo CANTILEVERS 2 on wio canTiLevens |: =f ie 4 ah STUTIEDRS wITHOR | g | STRUTTED PS, WITH COOLER FREE STANDING PS. W/O CANTILEVERS: WITH OR W/O CANTILEVERS: “TS” MEMBERS 6 pt + jp p++ = et = = : | = Hl a | i vem 4 oe | FREE STANOING es. 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