Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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INTRODUCTION
I
THE GENESES OF CIVILIZATIONS
II
THE GROWTHS OF CIVILIZATIONS
III
THE BREAKDOWNS OF CIVILIZATIONS
IV
THE DISINTEGRATIONS OF CIVILIZATIONS
V
UNIVERSAL STATES
VI
UNIVERSAL CHURCHES
VII
HEROIC AGES
VIII
CONTACTS BETWEEN CIVILIZATIONS IN SPACE
IX
CONTACTS BETWEEN CIVILIZATIONS IN TIME
X
LAW AND FREEDOM IN HISTORY
XI
PROSPECTS OF THE WESTERN CIVILIZATION
XII
THE INSPIRATIONS OF HISTORIANS
XIII
RECONSIDERATIONS
XIV
I INTRODUCTION
Muhammad
Ibn Khaldn
Confucius
Penalized Minorities
I. DETERMINISTIC SOLUTIONS
VOLUME VI
8. Archaism ... 48
9. Futurism ... 97
The Rhythm in the History of the Main Body of Orthodox Christendom ........ 298
The Rhythm in the History of the Far Eastern Civilization in Japan ...303
The Rhythm in the History of the Main Body of the Far Eastern Civilization ...305
II (a) Annex I: The Hellenic Portrait of the Saviour with the Sword...370
VI UNIVERSAL STATES
B. ENDS OR MEANS?
I. CHURCHES AS CANCERS
II. CHURCHES AS CHRYSALISES
III. CHURCHES AS A HIGHER SPECIES OF SOCIETY
B. A SOCIAL BARRAGE
A Reversal of Roles
I. Plan of Operations
I. CONCATENATIONS OF ENCOUNTERS
1. Dehumanization
3. Evangelism
TABLE
Barabarian War-Bands
A. THE RENAISSANCE
B. A SURVEY OF RENAISSANCES
I. A PLAN OF OPERATIONS
A. THE PROBLEM
I. CRITICAL REACTIONS
XIV RECONSIDERATIONS
I INTRODUCTION
Let us call this society, whose spatial limits we have been studying, Western
Christendom; and, as soon as we bring our mental image of it into focus by finding a
name for it, the images and names of its counterparts in the contemporary world come
into focus side by side with it, especially if we keep our attention fixed upon the cultural
plane. On this plane we can distinguish unmistakably the presence in the world to-day of
at least four other living societies of the same species as ours:
(i) an Orthodox Christian Society in South-Eastern Europe and Russia;
(ii) an Islamic Society with its focus in the arid zone which stretches diagonally across
North Africa and the Middle East from the Atlantic to the outer face of the Great Wall of
China;
(iii) a Hindu Society in the tropical sub-continent of India;
(iv) a Far-Eastern Society in the sub-tropical and temperate regions between the arid zone
and the Pacific.
On closer inspection we can also discern two sets of what may appear to be fossilized
relics of similar societies now extinct, namely: one set including the Monophysite
Christians of Armenia, Mesopotamia, Egypt and Abyssinia and the Nestorian Christians
of Kurdistan and ex-Nestorians in Malabar, as well as the Jews and the Parsees; and a
second set including the Lamaistic Mahayanian Buddhists of Tibet and Mongolia and the
Hinayanian Buddhists of Ceylon, Burma, Siam and Cambodia, as well as the Jains of
India.
It is interesting to notice that when we turn back to the cross-section at 775 A.D. we find
that the number and identity of the societies on the world map are nearly the same as at
the present time. Substantially the world map of societies of this species has remained
constant since the first emergence of our Western Society. In the struggle for existence the
West has driven its contemporaries to the wall and entangled them in the meshes of its
economic and political ascendancy, but it has not yet disarmed them of their distinctive
cultures. Hard pressed though they are, they can still call their souls their own.
The conclusion of the argument, as fat as we have carried it at present, is that we should
draw a sharp distinction between relations of two kinds: those between communities
within the same society and those of different societies with one another.
{I.B.IV.p.40}...Why did Rome stretch her long arm towards the north-west and gather
into her Empire the western corner of Transalpine Europe? Because she was drawn in that
direction by her life-and-death struggle with Carthage. Why, having once crossed the
Alps, did she stop at the Rhine and not push on to the better physical frontier of the
Baltic, the Vistula, and the Dniestr? Because in the Augustan Age her vitality gave out
after two centuries of exhausting wars and revolutions. Why did 'the barbarians'
ultimately break through? Because, when a frontier between a more highly and a less
highly civilized society ceases to adva