MDM 4UI Date:

MDM 4UI Probability Review

1. If two dice are thrown, what is the probability of throwing a total greater than seven?

2. A lottery bin contains 149 balls numbered 1 to 149. If a winning ball is drawn at random, find the probability
that the winning ball is between 10 and 20 inclusive.

3. Two cards are drawn from a standard deck of 52 cards. What is the probability of the following:
(a) both cards are kings
(b) both cards bear the same face value
(c) both cards are of the same suit

4. The probability that it will rain today is 60% and the probability that it will rain tomorrow is 35%. The probability
that it will rain both days is 20%. Determine the probability that:
(a) it will rain today but not tomorrow
(b) it will not rain today or tomorrow
(c) it will rain tomorrow, given that it rained today

5. A box contains 4 blue marbles and 5 white marbles. Three marbles are drawn from the box simultaneously.
What is the probability that:
(a) at least one white marble is drawn
(b) all three marbles drawn are blue

6. Three archers shoot at a target. The respective probabilities of them hitting it are 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3. Find the
probability that there will be:
(a) none of the archers will get a hit
(b) exactly one of the archers will get a hit
(c) all three of the archers will get a hit

7. Karen must choose a 4-digit code from the digits 1 through 9, without repeating any digits. What is the
probability that the code she selects:
(a) is 1234
(b) contains 1 in the first position
(c) contains 1 in any position

8. What is the probability of throwing a sum of 7 twice in a row with a pair of dice?

9. A blue die and a red die are rolled. What is the probability of each of the following events occurring?
(a) a blue 3 and a red 4 turn up
(b) the blue die turns up not 4 and the red die turns up 6

10. Of three urns, the first contains 2 white and 4 black balls, the second contains 8 white and 4 black balls, and the
third contains 1 white and 3 black balls. If one ball is selected from each urn, find the probability that exactly 2
of the balls are white.

11. Two dice are rolled and the numbers on the up faces are noted. Find the odds in favour of the following
events:
(a) the sum of the numbers is twelve
(b) one number is a three and the other is a six

12. A box contains 6 red balls and 9 white balls. Four balls are drawn simultaneously. What is the probability of
each of the following events?
(a) drawing 2 red and 2 white balls
(b) drawing 4 white balls
(c) drawing at least 1 white ball
13. A drawer contains five blue, seven pink and three orange scarves. Three scarves are drawn from the drawer,
one at a time, without replacement. Determine the probability that the order in which they are selected is:
(a) blue, pink, orange
(b) pink, pink, blue
(c) orange, orange, pink

14. Three cards are selected at random from a set of seven cards. Two of the cards are marked with the words
YOU WIN and five with the words TRY AGAIN. Determine the probability that:
(a) exactly one of the cards selected is a winning card
(b) none of the selected cards are winning cards

15. A company that manufactures flashlights knows that 3% of its daily production have defective bulbs, 5% have
defective batteries, and 2% have both defective bulbs and defective batteries. A flashlight is selected at random
from the daily production. What is the probability that the flashlight will have a defective bulb or a defective
battery?

16. Two dice are rolled and the numbers on the up faces are observed. Determine the probability of each of the
following events:
(a) exactly one die shows a 5, given the sum is 7
(b) the sum of the numbers is seven, given that exactly on die shows a 5
(c) the sum of the numbers is 7, given that at least one die shows a 5

17. The president of a NATO country must appoint four of the countrys twelve cabinet members to a highly
sensitive NATO committee. Unknown to the president, two spies from a non-NATO country have infiltrated the
cabinet. If the four chosen are selected at random, what is the probability that neither of the two spies will be
chosen?

18. Two students are selected at random from a group consisting of five girls and three boys. Find the probability
that both students are girls, given that at least one is a girl.

19. Two spinners are divided as follows:

1 3 1 1
Spinner A is 8 red, 8 white, 4 blue, and 4 green.
Spinner B is divided into eight equal parts, 3 of which are yellow, two are orange and 3 are purple
Determine the probability of each of the following results from spinning each spinner:
(a) spinner A lands on white and spinner B lands on yellow
(b) spinner A lands on white or spinner B lands on yellow

20. A box contains 4 fair coins and 6 biased coins. When a fair coin is flipped, it comes up heads with probability
0.5. When a biased coin is flipped, it comes up heads with probability 0.8. A coin is randomly chosen from the
box and then flipped. What is the probability that it will come up heads?