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Part 2
Elastoplastic
Elastoplastic material models
Yield point
Yield stress
l
= 0
l
Engineering strain
Real life 1D tensile test, cyclic loading
stress
reloading
loading
unloading
Isotropic hardening in principal stress space
- plane
arccos (2/sqrt(3))
stress
unloading strain
Kinematic hardening in principal stress space
Von Mises
- no need to analyze the state of stress
- a smooth yield sufrace
- good agreement with experiments
Tresca
- simple relations for decisions (advantage for hand calculations)
- yield surface is not smooth (disadvantage for programming,
the normal to yield surface at corners is not uniquely defined)
Drucker Prager
a more general model
1D example, bilinear characteristics
stress d T = d E + d P
d d d
= +
ET E EP
d
tan = ET
Y tangent modulus
elastic plastic
Strain hardening parameter
ET E ET
EP = = = H
total E ET 1 ET / E
tan = E strain
elastic modulus d = d T = d EP means total or elastoplastic
Strain hardening parameter again
Upon unloading and reloading the effective stress must exceed
Initial yield
ET E
EP =
E ET
1D example, bar (rod) element
elastic and tangent stiffness
L
F F
Elastic stiffness Y
F EA
kE = =
L
Tangent stiffness >Y
dF d A EP d P A
kT = = =
d d T L (d E + d P ) L
EP A d /E P EA EP
kT = = 1
L d / E + d / E P L E + EP
Results of 1D experiments must
be correlated to theories capable
to describe full 3D behaviour of
materials
Parameter only
Let the yield surface is F ( ij , ijP ) = 0
F F t Y W P t
Y
= = 2 t
ij = A ij
ij Y W ij W
P t P P 3 Y P
F W P
using = Y
2t
and = ij
Y ij
t 3 P
Relations for incremental theories
isotropic hardening example 7/9
Y
t
ET EP
W
Y
0
E WP
P
0 P t
P
in 1D the elastic work done W P = 12 ( t Y + 0 Y ) t P
1D bilinear characteri stics t Y =( 0 Y + E P t P )
1 t 2 0 2
W P = P
( Y Y)
2E
W P t Y 2 t E P 2 P 2 EE T
= P A = Y t = E =
Y E
t
3 Y 3 3 E ET
so finaly p = A{ 11 22 L 31}T
Relations for incremental theories
isotropic hardening example 8/9
Summary. For given ij and Y and & ij we can compute & as follows
m = 13 ( 11 + 22 + 33 )
s = {s11 s22 s33 s12 s23 s31}T = { 11 m 22 m 33 m 12 23 31}T
q = {s11 s22 s33 2 s12 2 s23 2 s31}T
2 EE T
A=
3 E ET
p = A { 11 22 33 12 23 31}T
a = pT q, b = Eq, c = q T Eq = q T b
bb T
EEP = E
a+c
& = EEP&
J2 theory, perfect plasticity 1/6
alternative notation example of numerical treatment
{ } = [ E ]{ }...Hooke' s law
{ } = { xx yy zz xy yz zx }T
{ } = { xx yy zz xy yz zx }T
m = 13 ( xx + yy + zz ) mean stress
stress deviator
{s} = { xx m yy m zz m xy yz zx }T
second invariant of stress deviator
J D2 = J 2 = 12 ( s xx2 + s 2yy + szz2 + 2 sxy2 + 2 s 2yz + 2 szx2 )
or J 2 = 12 {s}T [ M ]{s}, with [ M ] = diag(1,1,1,2,2,2)
J2 theory, numerical treatment 2/6
4. sc = st + r sT
6. t' + t = T 2G sc