INSTITUTE OF ROAD AND TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGY, ERODE.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REDUCING THE UNBURNT GASES BY USING

HEAT EXCHANGERS

Presented by

G.SARAVANAN D.KANNAN
9965612539 9994493617
saravanan_mech@ymail.com kannan_irttians@ibibo.com
 ABSTRACT

Recent vehicle technology development already achieves significant improvement for

fuel efficiency. To add with it, to reduce emission of the automobiles, we have taken this project.
This project mainly concerns with the commercial vehicles which is enough to control the
pollution almost.
Here we are going to reduce the unburnt gas by pre heating the inlet atmospheric air by
taking the heat from the exhaust gas through heat exchanger.
The main reason for this is incomplete combustion of fuel inside the cylinder during
combustion process. In order to prevent such problems we are decreasing the unburnt gases almost
by producing more heat than the present by increasing the temperature of the inlet atmospheric air
by using the exhaust gas of the engine.

In addition to this, the temperature of the earth also increases due to unburnt fuel from the
engine. To decrease or avoid such gases, we attempting to increase the temperature by preheating
the inlet air. For preheating purpose, we selected the exhaust gas from engine which has sufficient
amount heat for preheating rather than using additional equipments.

Yes, of course, it is very viable to decrease such gases with more valuable modifications. But it is
an impossible thing to the all the people who are using automobiles.
But we can satisfy their needs by employing some modifications.
 LITERATURE SURVEY

Once I got a chance to undergo implant training at Neyveli Lignite Corporation, I noticed
that the air which are going into the boiler is preheated using RAPH (Regenerative Air Preheater).
Then a question was raised why we don’t use this concept for two wheelers.
Already we had some developments in raising temperature of inside the combustion
chamber, they are

Digital Twin Spark Ignition – It involved usage of two spark plugs (instead of the usual choice of
one) per engine cylinder. Hence, there will be increase in the temperature inside the combustion
chamber.

Turbo chargers – It is a gas compressor used for forced-induction of an internal combustion

engine. Like a supercharger, the purpose of a turbocharger is to increase the mass of air entering
the engine to create more power. However, a turbocharger differs in that the compressor is
powered by a turbine driven by the engine's own exhaust gases.

INTRODUCTION
 In the fast moving world, the amount of the unburnt gas released is increasing
due to the drastic increase in population so that increase in the automobiles particularly
two wheelers.
In order to reduce such gases we had an attempt to pre heat the inlet atmospheric
air that’s entering into the combustion chamber of the engine.
The inlet atmospheric air that is going to mix with the petrol is made to heat up
to a sufficient temperature to increase the combustion rate and decrease the amount of
unburnt gases. It impossible to remove all unburnt gases but it can be controlled.
The inlet atmospheric air is heated by the heat that is exchanged by the heat
exchanger from the exhaust gases.

NECESSITY OF PREHEATED AIR SYSTEM

The two stroke petrol engine while in action, the unburnt gases are emitted in to
the atmosphere that leads to pollutions and decreased efficiency. Due to these gases
the atmospheric air is highly polluted and causes health risks. In order to avoid such
risks, we must control those emissions. It can be done by many recently improved
methods but they are not economical for middle and low class people.
So, I tried this concept of preheating. Here the air that goes into the combustion
chamber is preheated up to certain degrees. So automatically the temperature that
produced inside the chamber increases that leads to increased combustion rate.
In addition to this the cost required to make this arrangement in the vehicles is
very low that can be neutralized by the decreased amount of petrol consumption.
The safety measure is also provided for this project to avoid even simple
accidents.

COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTIONS

(Additional to existing vehicle)
HEAT EXCHANGER:
The heat exchanger is used to exchange the heat from the exhaust gas that coming from the
exhaust pipe. The heat exchanger used here is shell and tube heat exchanger.
A shell and tube heat exchanger: A shell and tube heat exchanger is a class of heat
exchanger designs. It is the most common type of heat exchanger in oil refineries and other large
chemical processes, and is suited for higher-pressure applications. As its name implies, this type of
heat exchanger consists of a shell (a large pressure vessel) with a bundle of tubes inside it. One
fluid runs through the tubes, and another fluid flows over the tubes (through the shell) to transfer
heat between the two fluids. The set of tubes is called a tube bundle, and may be composed by
several types of tubes: plain, longitudinally finned, etc.
TEMPERATURE SENSOR:
Here we are using the temperature sensor to sense the temperature of the inlet air that enters
the carburetor. This is a safety measure that is used to avoid even a small accident. It can be
operated by the PIC.
MS PIPE:
This is used to carry the inlet air from shell outlet to carburetor inlet. This tube also
comprises the temperature sensor arrangement.
 CONSTRUCTION

Since we are modifying the existing parts of the vehicle, the construction is
almost very simple.
Between the exhaust pipe and the silencer the tube and shell heat exchanger is
fitted. The outlet of the shell is made to connect with the inlet of the carburetor and the
outlet of the shell is kept open to atmosphere.
In addition to this the safety valve is employed in the pipe from shell to
carburetor. This valve is operated by the solenoid valve.
The tube of the heat exchanger is made up of stainless steel with poor thermal
conductivity that is enough to transmit 50C – 100 C of heat. The shell is made of
asbestos sheet because to avoid further transmission of heat to atmosphere.
From the outlet of the shell a pipe made of Mild Steel is connected to the inlet of
the carburetor. This pipe itself carries the pre heated inlet atmospheric air to the
carburetor.

The safety measure arrangement is constructed along with the pipe. This
arrangement is operated by the PIC .
3D VIEW
1. PETROL TANK

2. CARBURETOR

3. ENGINE

4. HEAT EXHANGER ARRANGEMENT

5. SAFETY VALVE ARRANGEMENT

6. PIPE

WORKING
 Initially the exhaust gas is taken from the exhaust pipe of the engine and it is made to flow
inside the tube of the heat exchanger. As the suction stroke completes, the vaccum is created inside
the shell. This vaccum will be replaced by fresh atmospheric air and it as pre heated by the heat
exchanged by the tube.
After completing the first cycle, the suction stroke for the second cycle begins. Hence, the
preheated air inside the shell is sucked into the combustion chamber after pre hearting the air fuel
mixture too
Since the air fuel mixture is already heated to certain temperature, this will increase the
temperature inside the chamber during the power stroke. So, automatically the fuel burns with
greater extent and increases the power that transmits to the shaft.
During exhaust stroke the exhaust gas is almost heated to some degrees with less unburnt
gases. This increased heat is transferred to the inlet atmospheric air.
While entering the extreme conditions, the temperature of the exhaust gas increases and the
heat transfer also increases. If the inlet air temperature is increases beyond the limit temperature of
the carburetor, it will be sensed by the temperature sensor and the safety valve is opened and
allows the atmospheric air to neutralize it. If it attained the temperature less than the limited value
the valve will be closed.
This process continues for all the cycles and decreases the unburnt gases, so as the efficiency
also increases automatically.

MERITS
• Reduced emission of unburnt gas
 • Environment posing can be reduced
• High efficiency with normal fuel consumption
• Carbon deposition can be avoided

DEMERITS
• Chances for knocking
• Maintenance

APPLICATIONS
• Two wheelers
• Boilers
• Turbines

FUTURE MODIFICATIONS
It can be implemented for the digital twin spark ignition and turbo chargers too.
This will increase temperature further and may remove the unburnt gases fully.

CONCLUSION
Since more modifications have been made, we had an attempt to satisfy the
customer needs and control of pollution by using the concept of pre heating the inlet
air. This will be very simple by using the low cost materials and sensors also provided
to avoid accidents.

Thus we can see the pollution controlled vehicles in future modifications. After
overcoming the drawbacks we can survive with the pollution free environment.
.REFERENCES:
www.wikipedia.org
www.vicky.in
www.google.com
HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER BY RAJPUT
FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODNAMICS BY DOMKUNDWAR