Chapter 11 PDF

PROBLEM 11.
1
The motion of a particle is defined by the relation
x = 8t3 - 8 + 30 sin iz t, where x and t are expressed in millimeters and
seconds, respectively. Determine the position, the velocity, and the
acceleration of the particle when / = 5 s.
SOLUTION
Position: f3 - 8 + 30sin(#t) mm
Velocity: dx = 24r + 30# cos (#r) mm/'s

V ~~dt
dv
Acceleration: a - 48t - 30#2sin(#t) mm/s2
dt
At t = 5 s,
*5 = (8)(5)J 8 + 30 sin (5#) x5 = 992 mm A
v5 = (24)(5): + 30#cos(5/r) v5 = 506 mm/s A
= M O ) - 30#2 sin(5#) a5 = 240 mm/s2 A

PROBLEM 11.2

10 * 5 ,
x = t - r - 20r + 10, where x and t are expressed in meters and
seconds, respectively. Determine the time, the position, and the
acceleration o f the particle when u - 0.
SOLUTION
Position: V ? _ i5 o _ 20t + 10 m
x = i10 .,2
3 2
Velocity: V = = lor2 - 5t - 20 m/s

dt
Acceleration: a = = 20t - 5
dt
When v = 0, 1012 - 5r - 20 = 0
Solving the quadratic equation for t,
t = 1.6861 s and t = -1.1861 s t = 1.686 s <
When t = 1.6861,
1 0 S o
x = y ( l.6 8 6 l ) - ^(1.6861) - 20(1.6861) + 10 x = -14.85 m -4
o
>
II
a = 20(1.6861) - 5 a = 28.7 m/s2 4

PROBLEM 11.3
The motion of the slider^ is defined by the relation x = 20 sin fa, where
x and t are expressed in inches and seconds, respectively, and k is a
constant. Knowing that k = 10 rad/s, determine the position, the velocity,
and the acceleration of slider A when t - 0.05 s.
SOLUTION
Position: x = 2 0 sin Art in.
Velocity: v = = 20Arcosfa in./s

dt
Acceleration: a = = Ar sin At in./s

2 0 2 2
dt
When / = 0.05 s, and k = 1 0 rad/s
kt = (10)(0.05) = 0.5 rad
x = 20sin(0.5) x = 9.59 in. A
v = (20)(l0)cos(0.5) v = 175.5 in./s A
a = - ( 2 0 ) ( l0 ) 2 sin(0.5) a = -959 in./s <

2
PROBLEM 11.4
The motion of the slider A is defined by the
relation x = sin(,r - k2t 2), where x and t are expressed in inches and
2 0
seconds, respectively. The constants kx and k2 are known to be 1 rad/s

and 0.5 rad/s2, respectively. Consider the range 0 < / < 2 s and
determine the position and acceleration of slider A when v = 0.
SOLUTION
Position: x = 2 0 s in ^ ,r - k2t 2) in.
Where kx = 1 rad/s and k2 = 0.5 rad/s 2
Let # = kxt - k2t 2 = t - 0.512 rad
= (l - / ) rad/s and = -1 rad/s2

dt v dr
J *2
Position: x = 2 0 sin# in.

dx dG
Velocity: v= = 2 0 cos# in./s
dt dt
dv
Acceleration: a =
~dt
a = 2 0 cosG^-^r - 2 0 s in # f 1 in./s 2
dt2 \ dt )
When v = 0, either cos 6 = 0
dG ,
or = r = 1 0 t = 1 s
dt
Over 0 S / S 2 s, values of cosG are:
r(s) 0 0.5 1 . 0 1.5 2 . 0
#(rad) 0 0.375 0.5 0.375 0
cos# 1 . 0 0.931 0.878 0.981 1 . 0
No solutions cos# = 0 in this range.
For / = 1 s, # = 1 - (0.5)(1 ) 2 = 0.5 rad
x = 20sin(0.5) x = 9.59 in. A
a = 20co s(0 .5 )(-l) - 20sin(0.5)(0) a = -17.55 in./s

2
PROBLEM 11.5
The motion of a particle is defined by the relation x = 5t4 - 413 + 3t - 2,
where x and t are expressed in feet and seconds, respectively. Determine
the position, the velocity, and the acceleration of the particle when
t = 2 s.
SOLUTION
Position: x = 5r4 - 4t3 + 3t - 2 ft
Velocity: v = = 20t3 - 1212 + 3 ft/s

dt
Acceleration: a = = 60t2 - 241 ft/s2

dt
When t = 2 s,
x = (5)(2)4 - ( 4 ) ( 2 ) 3 - ( 3 ) ( 2) - 2 x = 52 ft <
v = (20)(2)3 - (1 2 )(2 )2 + 3 v = 115 ft/s
* = (60)(2)2 - ( 2 4 ) (2 ) a = 192 ft/s <

PROBLEM 11.6
x = r + 13 - 14r2 - 1Or + 1 , where x and t are expressed in inches
6 4 8 6
and seconds, respectively. Determine the position, the velocity, and the
acceleration o f the particle when t - 3 s.
SOLUTION
Position: X = 6r + r - 14r2 - lor + 16 in.

4 8 3
Velocity: V = * = 24r3 + 24r2 - 281 - 10 in./s

dt
Acceleration: a = = l i t 2 + 48/ - 28 in./s 2
dt
When t = 3 s,
x = (6)(3)4 + (8 )(3 )3 -(1 4 )(3 )2 -(1 0 )(3 ) + 16 x = 562 in. M
v = (24)(3)3 + (24)(3)2 - (28)(3) - 10 v = 770 in./s -4
a = (72)(3)2 + (48)(3) - 28 a = 764 in./s 4

2
PROBLEM 11.7
x = 2/3 - 1212 - l i t - 80, where x and / are expressed hi meters and
seconds, respectively. Determine (a) when the velocity is zero, (b) the
velocity, the acceleration, and the total distance traveled when x = 0.
SOLUTION
Position: x = 2? - 1212 - 72t - 80 m
Velocity: v = = 612 - 24/ - 72 m/s

dt
Acceleration: a = = 12/ - 24 m/s2

dt
(a) When v = 0, 611 - 24/ - 72 = 0
Solving the quadratic equation: / = -2 s and / = 6s
Reject the negative time. Then
For 0 < / < 6 s, v is negative. x is decreasing,
For / > 6 s, v is positive. x is increasing.
Minimum value of x occurs when / = 6 s.
*mi = (2)(6)3 - (12)(6)2 - (72)(6) - 80 - -512 m
when / = 0, x0 = -80 m
(b) Distance traveled over 0 < / < 6 s.
4 = kin - *o H "512 - (-80) I= 432 m
When x = 0, 2P - 1212 - 72/ - 80 = 0

Roots of the cubic equation are: / = 10 s and / = - 2 s (twice).
Reject the negative roots.
When / = 10 s, v - (6)(10) - (24)(10) 72 v = 288 m/s A
a = (12)(10) - 24 a = 96 m/s2 A
Distance traveled over 6 s < / < 1 0 s .
d2 = | x / - x min| = |0 - ( - 5 1 2 ) | = 512 m
Total distance traveled: dx + d 2 = 432 + 512 d = 944 m A

PROBLEM 11.8
x = 2t3 - 12 + 48/ -1 6 , where x and / are expressed in millimeters
1 8
and seconds, respectively. Determine (a) when the velocity is zero,

(b) the position and the total distance traveled when the acceleration is
zero.
SOLUTION
Position: x = 2t3 - 1812 + 48f - 16 mm
Velocity: v = = f - 36t + 48 mm/s

6 2
dt
Acceleration: a = = 12/ - 36 mm/s 2
dt
(a) When v = 0, 6 12 - 36/ + 48 = 0
Solving the quadratic equation, / = 2 s and / = 4 s A
For 0 < t < 2 s, v is positive, and x is increasing.
2 s < t < 4 s, v is negative, and x is decreasing.
/ > 4 s, v is positive, and x is increasing.
(ib) When a = 0, 12/ - 36 - 0 / =3s
When / = 3 s, * J = ( 2 ) ( 3 ) 3 - ( 18)(3)2 + ( ) ( 3 ) - 1 6 x3 = 2 0 mm A
When / = 0, Xq = -1 6 mm
When t = 2 s, x2 = (2 )(2 )3 -(1 8 )(2 )2 + ( 4 8 ) ( 2 ) - 1 6 = 24 mm
Distance traveled over 0 < t < 2 s:
c/, = | x2 - x0 | = 124 - (-1 6 ) | = 40 mm
Distance traveled over 2 s < t < 3 s:
d2 - | x3 - x2 | = | 20 - 2 4 1= 4 mm
Total distance traveled: dj + d 2 40 + 4 d = 44 mm A

PROBLEM 11.9
The acceleration of point A is defined by the relation a = -1.8sinfa,
where a and t are expressed in m/s and seconds, respectively, and 2
iHa k = 3 rad/s. Knowing that x = 0 and u = 0.6 m/s when / = 0, determine

1
the velocity and position of point A when t = 0.5 s.
\c
Ly |
[ i
1 B r -------
SOLUTION
Given: a = -1.8sin/rf m/s2, v = 0.6 m/s,

0 x0 = 0, k = 3 rad/s
s i/ 1
v v = adt = -
0 1 .8 J^sinfar/f = --cosfa|
1 8
v - 0.6 = -^ -(co skt - l) = 0.6cosA? - 0.6
Velocity: v= 0 . 6 cos kt m/s
x - x = vdt =
0 0 . 6 cosktdt = ^ s i n f o |
x - 0 = ^ (s in fa - 0 ) = . sinr
0 2
Position: x = . sinfa m
0 2
When t = 0.5 s, kt = (3)(0.5) = 1.5 rad
v = 0.6 cos 1.5 = 0.0424 m/s v = 42.4 mm/s A
x = 0.2sinl.5 = 0.1995 m x = 199.5 mm A

PROBLEM 11.10
The acceleration of point A is defined by the relation
a = -1.08 sin kt - 1.44 cos kt, where a and t are expressed in m /s ' and
seconds, respectively, and k = 3 rad/s. Knowing that x - 0.16 m and
v = 0.36 m/s when t = 0, determine the velocity and position of point A
when t = 0.5 s.
SOLUTION
Given: a = -1.08sinfa - 1.44cosfa m /s', k = 3 rad/s
x = 0.16 m, v = 0.36 m/s

0
v - v = adt = -1.08 sin ktdt - 1.44 co sktdt

0
1.08 , |' 1.44 . . i'

v - 0.36 = cosx/ sm w
k >o k '0
1.08 / , ,1.44/ . .
= (coskt - ) --- (sin fa -
1 0 )
= 0.36cosf - 0.36 - 0.48sinfa
Velocity: v = 0.36cosfa - 0.48sinf m/s
x - x = vdt = 0.36 co sktdt - 0.48 sin kt dt

0
0.36 . , i 0.48
x - 0.16 = -sinfa + -cos/:/
k lo k
0.36/ . . 0.48/ .
= (sm kt - 0 ) + (coskt - ) 1
= .
0 1 2 sinfa + 0.16cosfo - 0.16
Position: x = . 0 1 2 sinfa + 0.16cosfa m
When t - 0.5 s, kt = (3)(0.5) = 1.5 rad
v = 0.36cosl.5 - 0.48sinl.5 = -0.453 m/s v = -453 mm/s 4
x = 0.12sinl.5 + 0.16cosl.5 = 0.1310 m x = 131.0 mm 4

PROBLEM 11.11
The acceleration of a particle is directly proportional to the square of the
time t. When t = 0, the particle is at x = 36 ft. Knowing that at t - 9 s,
x = 144 ft and v = 27 ft/s, express x and v in terms o f t.
SOLUTION
Given: a = kt2 ft/s2, x0 - 36 ft, Xg = 144 ft, v9 = 27 ft/s
v - vo = l adt = l ^ 2 dt = j* # 3
1 ,
Velocity: V = Vn + ~kt
0 3
x ~ xo = f\vdt = v0t + j ^ k t 4
Position: x = xn + v0t + kt4 = 36 + v0f + kt4

0 0 12 0 12
When t = 9 s, x = 144 ft and v = 27 ft/s
36 + v0(9) + ^ * ( 9 ) 4 = 144
or 9v0 + 546.15k = 108 (l)
v 0 + j * ( 9 ) 3 = 27
v0 + 243& = 27 ^2)
Solving equations (1) and (2) simultaneously yields:
v0 = 7 ft/s and k = 0.082305 ft/s4
Then, x = 36 + It + 0.00686/4 ft <
v = 7 + 0.0274r3 ft/s <

PROBLEM 11.12
It is known that from t = 2 s to ? = 10 s the acceleration o f a particle is
inversely proportional to the cube of the time t. When t - 2s,
v - -15 ft/s, and when t = 10 s, v = 0.36 ft/s. Knowing that the particle
is twice as far from the origin when t = s as it is when t -
2 s,1 0
determine (a) the position of the particle when t = s and when I = s,

2 1 0
(ib) the total distance traveled by the particle from f = s to f =2 s.

1 0
SOLUTION
For 2 s < f < 10 s, a = r where is a constant.

r
At t = 2 s, v = -15 ft/s
dv
a = or dv = adt
dt
At t = 10 s, v - 0.36 ft/s
/
1 1
-15 - 0.5k = 0.36 from which k = 128 ft -s
v (10)2 4j
Then,
When v = 0, t2 = 64 or t = 8 s
For 2 s < t < 8 s, v< , 0 x is decreasing.
8 s<t < 1 0 s, v> , 0 x is increasing.

PROBLEM 11.12 CONTINUED
f . 64
Position: x = jdx = jv d t = J dt t "\ hC
t
64
At t 2 s, 2 + (C = 34 + C ft
2
64
At t = 8 s, Xg = 8 4 h C = 16 + C ft
8
64
At f = 10 s, x10 = 10 h
10 1 0
h C = 16.4 + C ft
Given: ^ = 2|x10| = 2x10 or 34 + C = (l6.4 + C)
Using the plus sign: C = 1.2 ft, which gives xg = 17.2 ft, x2 = 35.2 ft and x10 = 17.60 ft A
Distance traveled: d = | xg - x2| + | x10 - Xg| = 18 + 0.4 d - 18.40 ft A
Using the minus sign: C - -22.27 ft, which gives xg = -6.27 ft,
x2 = 11.73 ft and x10 = -5.87 ft A
Distance traveled: d = Ixg - x2| + I x10 - xg| = 18 + 0.4 d - 18.40 ft A

PROBLEM 11.13
The acceleration of a particle is directly proportional to the time /. At
/ = 0, the velocity of the particle is 400 mm's. Knowing that
v = 370 mm/s and x = 500 mm when t = 1 s, determine the velocity,
the position, and the total distance traveled when t = 7 s.
SOLUTION
Given: a = kt mm/s where & is a constant.
= 400 mm/s; at t = 1 s, v = 370 mm/s, x = 500 mm

>
II
L * = i adt = =\ t2
v - 400 = kt2 or v = 400 + kt2

2 2
At / = 1 s, v = 400 + ~ A (l )2 = 370, k = -60 mm/s3
Thus v = 400 - 30?2 mm/s
At t - 7 s, v7 = 400 - (30)(7)2 v7 = -1070 mm/s -4j
When v = 0, 400 - 30/2 = 0. Then t2 = 13.333 s2, t = 3.651 s
For 0 < t < 3.651 s, v>0 and x is increasing.
For t > 3.651 s, v<0 and x is decreasing.
o* = f vr f < = f ( 4 O 0 - 3 0 ? )d t
x - 500 = (400t - 10r2)|| = 400/ - 10/3 - 390
Position: x = 400/ - 10/3 +110 mm

x = x0 =110 mm
II
At / = 3.651 s, x = Xmax (400)(3.651) - (10)(3.651)3 + 110 = 1083.7 mm
At / = 7 s, x = Xl = (4G0)(7) - (10)(7)3 +110 x7 = -520 mm A
Distances traveled:
Over 0 < t < 3.651 s, dl = Xmax - *0 = 973-7 mm

Over 3.651 < / < 7 s, d2 = xmax - x7 = 1603.7 mm
Total distance traveled: d = dx + d2 = 2511A mm d = 2580 mm A

PROBLEM 11.14
The acceleration of a particle is defined by the relation a - 0.15 m/s'1.
Knowing that x = -1 0 m When t = 0 and v = -0.15 m/s when / = 2 s,
determine the velocity, the position, and the total distance traveled when
/ = 5 s.
SOLUTION
Determine velocity. to ,,* =
v - (-15) = 0 .1 5 /- (0.15)(2)
v = 0.15/ - 0.45 m/s
At / = 5 s, v = (0 .1 5 )(5 )-0 .4 5
5 v = 0.300 m/s M
5
When v = 0, 0.15/ - 0.45 = 0 / = 3.00 s
For 0 < / < 3.00 s, v< , 0 x is decreasing.
For 3.00 < / < 5 s, v> , 0 x is increasing.
Determine position. <0.15, - 0 .4 5 ) *
* -(-io )-ja m * 1- = o m t2- m s
X - 0.075/2 - 0.45/ - 10 m
At t = 5 s, x = (0.075)(5)2 - (0.45)(5) - 10 - -10.375 m

5
x = -10.38 m M
5
At t - 0, x =
0 - 1 0 m (given)
At / - 3.00 s, x = xmin = (0.075)(3.00)2 - (0.45)(3.00) -TO = -10.675 mm

3
Distances traveled:
Over 0 < t <, 3.00 s, d\ = xo ~ xmin = 0.675 m
Over 3.00 s < t < 5 s, d 2 = *5 - *min = - 3 0 0 m
Total distance traveled: d = dx + d2 = 0.975 m M

PROBLEM 11.15
The acceleration of point A is defined by the relation a = 200x(l + kx2),
where a and x are expressed in m/s and meters, respectively, and k is a
2
constant. Knowing that the velocity of A is 2.5 m/s when x = 0 and 5 m/s
when x = 0.15 m, determine the value of k.
SOLUTION
Note that a is a given function of x
Use vdv = a dx = 2 0 0 * (l + kx2)dx = ( 2 0 0 x+ 2 0 0 fcc )r&

3
Using the limits v = 2.5 m/s when x = 0,
and v = 5 m/s when jc = 0.15 m,
J^vdv = l5^200x + 200fcc 3^dx

0.15
5 j
L
2
J 2.5 - o
5 2.5
= (100)(0.15)2 + (50)*(0.15)4
2 2
9.375 = 2.25 + 0.0253125*
Solving for k , k = 281 m " 2 <

PROBLEM 11.16
The acceleration of point A is defined by the relation a = 200x + 3200x ,
where a and x are expressed in m/s and meters, respectively. Knowing
2
that the velocity o f A is 2.5 m/s and x = 0 when t = 0, determine the

velocity and position of A when t = 0.05 s.
SOLUTION
Note that a is a given function of x.
Use vdv = adx = (200x + 3200x^^dx
Using the limits v = 2.5 m/s when x = 0,
svrfv = (200* + 3200x ^ d x
u 2j c 2
- = 1 0 0 x + 800*4
2
2 2
v = 1600*4 + 200
2 * 2 + 6.25 Let u = x 2
Then v = 2 1 6 0 0 m2 + 200m + 6.25 = 1 6 0 0 (m - m,)(m - m2),
where m, and u2 are the roots o f 1 6 0 0 m2 + 200m + 6.25 = 0
Solving the quadratic equation,
-200 7(200 - (4)(1600)(6.25)

) 2 i - 2 0 0 0
m, = ---------- vv
2 v . ------ = -------------- = -0.0625 0
1 ,2 (2)(1600) 3200
U] = m = -0.0625 ft
2 2
So v =
2 1 6 0 0 (m + 0.0625)2 = 1600(*2 + 0.252)2 ft /s 2 2
Taking square roots, v = 40(x2 + 0.252 jft/s

, , , dx , dx
Use dx = vdt or dt = - v
v 4 0 |x + 0.25 j
40dt = t- Use limit x = 0 when t = 0

x + 0.25
2
40 td t = F j- = tan-1
* * x + 0.25 2 0.25 0.25
40t = 4.0tan- (4x) 1 or tan- (4x) = 10/

1
4x = tan(l0f) or x = 0.25tan(l0f)
v =^ = 0.25[sec2(10/)](10) = 2.5 sec (l0r) 2
At t - 0, v = 2.5 m/s, which agrees with the given data if the minus sign is rejected.
Thus, v = 2.5 sec (l0t)m /s,

2 and x = 0.25tan(l0f)m
At t = 0.05 s, 10/ = 0.5 rad
v = 2.5 sec (0.5) =

2 2f v = 3.25 m/s A
v cos 0.5 2
x = 0.25tan(0.5) x = 0.1366 m -4
PROBLEM 11.17
Point A oscillates with an acceleration a = 2880 - 144x, where a and x
are expressed in in./s and inches, respectively. The magnitude of the
2
velocity is 11 in./s when x = 20.4 in. Determine (a) the maximum

velocity of A, (b) the two positions at which the velocity of A is zero.
1 m m m
SOLUTION
Note that a is a given function o f x. a = 2880 - 144x = 144(20 - x)
(a) Note that v is maximum when a = 0, or x = 20 in.
Use vdv = adx = 144(20 - x)dx with the limits
v = 11 in./s when x = 20.4 in. and v = vmax when x = 20 in.
r20
f r v* = C |4 4 (2 0 - * ) *
20
(0.4 ) 2
= -144 0 - = 11.52
2 2 2
20.4
vmax = 1 4 4 -0 4 in /s
2 2 Vmax = 1 2 . 0 0 in./s <
(b) Note that x is maximum or minimum when v = 0.
Use vdv = adx = 144(20 - x) with the limits
v = 11 in./s when x = 20.4 in., and v= 0 when x = xm
J
1 1 ( 2 0 - * ) 2
0 - = -144 = - 7 2 ( 2 0 - x m)2 + (7 2 )(0 .4 )2
2 2
20.4
(20 - x m ) 2 = 1.00028 20 - xm = 1.00014 in.
xm = 19.00 in. and 2 1 . 0 in. -4

PROBLEM 11.18
Point A oscillates with an acceleration a = 144(20 - x), where a and x
are expressed in in./s and inches, respectively. Knowing that the system
2
I v, M M starts at time / = with v = and x = 19 in., determine the position and

0 0
j w m m m fl * the velocity of A when / = 0.2 s.
SOLUTION
Note that a is a given function of x. a = 144(20 - x)in./s 2
Use vdv = adx = 144(20 - x) with the limits v = 0 when x = 19 in.
vdv = ^144(20 - x)dx
0 = -144 = 7 2 - 7 2 ( 2 0 - jc )
2
19
v2 = 144^1 - (20 - x)2J or v = 12^1 - (20 - x ) 2 in./s
. . , dx dx
Use ax = vat, or at = = -------,
v 12^1 - (20 - x f
with the limits t = 0 when x = 19 in.

dx dx
y > - - or / = - {
1 0 Jl
12^1 - (20 - x f 12 9 J l - ( 2 0 - x f
Let u = 20 - x. u = 1 in. when x = 19 in. dx = -du
J , du ' -l n\
u = T sin u -----
1
* - )
1 2 . l 1 2 2
n
sin m= T 1 1 2 /
u = T 12/j = cos(12/) = cos(l2/) = 20 - x
Then, x = 2 0 - cos(l /) in. 2
and v= 1 2 s in (l /) in./s
2
At t = 0.2 s, 12/ = 2.4 rad
x = 20 - cos(2.4) x: = 20.7 in. <
v = 12sin(2.4) v= .
8 1 1 in./s A
PROBLEM 11.19
The acceleration of a particle is defined by the relation a = 12jc - 28,
where a and x are expressed in m/s and meters, respectively. Knowing 2
that v = m/s when x = , determine (a) the maximum value of x,

8 0
(b) the velocity when the particle has traveled a total distance of 3 m.
SOLUTION
f
Note that a is a given function of x. a = 1 2 x - 28 = 1 2 x ---- m/s
v 3,
7^
Use vdv - adx = 12 x ---- dx with the limits v = 8 m/s when x = . 0
3y
V
i
1
n
= --- r x ----7 ? 1
1 2
x ---- \dx
I 3J 2
8
I 2 3J _
2~
V2 82 12 ' L - l Y .
{ i) ,3,
v =
2 8 2 + 1 2 -
1 ( l\
v = ,| x ----
1 2
I 3J
Reject minus sign to get v = 8 m/s at x = 0.
{a) Maximum value of x. v = 0 when x = xn
12 M l 2 - = o or f x ----7 )
l 3J 3 I 3J 9
x 7
= ++ 1
^max ^m and
3 3
Now observe that the particle starts at x = 0 with v > 0 and reaches x = 2 m . A tx = 2 m , v = 0 and
2
a < 0, so that v becomes negative and x decreases. Thus, x = 2 m is never reached.
xmav = 2 m ^
(b) Velocity when total distance traveled is 3 m.

The particle will have traveled total distance d = 3 m when d - xmax = xmax - r or 3 - 2 = 2 - x
or x = m.
1
Using v = 4 / 1 2 x ----- , which applies when x is decreasing, we get
v= - . 1 2 V i '2 v = -4.47 m/s -4

3.
PROBLEM 11.20
The acceleration o f a particle is defined by the relation a = k { \ - e~ j ,
where k is a constant. Knowing that the velocity o f the particle is
v = +9 m/s when x = -3 m and that the particle comes to rest at the
origin, determine (a) the value of k, (b) the velocity o f the particle when
x = m.
- 2
SOLUTION
Note that a is a function of x. a = Ar^l - e~x j
Use vdv = a dx = k { 1 - e~x )dx with the limits v = 9 m/s w hen* = -3 m, and v = 0 w hen* = 0.
Cvdv = s ^ j l - e~x )dx
v
= k[x + e -* l
T
0 - t - = i [ 0 + 1 - (-3 ) - e3] = -16.0855*
(a) k = 2.5178 k = 2.52 m/s A

2
Use vdv = adx = A 1 - e~xjdx = 2.5178|l - ix with the limit v = 0 w henx = 0.
f 24178(1 - e ~ )dx
y = [2.5178(* + c- ') ]* = 2.5178(* + - l)
1/2
V2 = 5.0356(x + - l) v = 2.2440(x + - l)
Letting x = - 2 m ,
v = 2.2440(-2 r e 2 - l ) ^ = 4.70 m/s
Since x begins at x = - 2 m and ends at x = , v > . 0 0
Reject the minus sign.
v = 4.70 m/s A
PROBLEM 11.21
The acceleration o f a particle is defined by the relation a = - k 4 v , where
& is a constant. Knowing that x = 0 and v - 25 ft/s at / = 0, and that
v = ft/s when x = ft, determine (a) the velocity of the particle when
1 2 6
x = ft, (b) the time required for the particle to come to rest.
8
SOLUTION
vdv = adx = -ky/vdx, x0 = 0 , v = 25 ft/s
0
dx = - ~ v V2dv
k
r dx = f yjvdv - - v * 2!
/fc Jl 3 k -lv 0
I K 1-**) -
Noting that x = 6 ft when v = 12 ft/s,
6 = [ 125 - 12 ^1 = or k = 9.27 Jm /s
3/tL J k V
Then, x = ^ | ^ y [ l 2 5 - v3'2] = 0.071916(l25 - v*2)
vm = 125 - 13.905x
,3/2
(a) When x = 8 ft, v 3/2 = 125 - (13.905)(8) = 13.759 (ffc/s)
v = 5.74 ft/s <
(b) dv = a dt - -kyfvdt
, 1dv
dt = r-pr
kV
1/2
2vq (2)(25)
2
At rest, v = 0 t = = - t = 1.079 s <
k 9.27
PROBLEM 11.22
Starting from x = Owith no initial velocity, a particle is given an
acceleration a = O.S-Jv2 + 49, where a and v are expressed in ft/s and
2
ft/s, respectively. Determine (a) the position of the particle when

v = 24 ft/s, (b) the speed of the particle when x = 40 ft.
SOLUTION
a = 0.8 Vv + 492
, . . vdv vdv
vav = a ax ax ------- = ------ , -
a 0.8 Vv + 49 2
Integrating using x = 0 when v = 0,
F dx- 1 - - 1 \Jv2 + 491

b -8 Vv + 49
2 0 . 8 JQ
x = 1.25 (Vv + 4 9 - 7 )
2
( )
1
(a) When v = 24 ft/s,
x - 1.25(V242 + 49 - 7j x = 22.5 ft A
(b) Solving equation (1) for v2,
yjv2 + 49 = 7 + 0.8x
v = (7 + 0.8x
2 ) 2 - 49
When x = 40 ft,
v = [7 + (0.8)(40)]2 - 49 = 1472 ft /s
2 2 2 v = 38.4 ft/s A
PROBLEM 11.23
The acceleration of slider A is defined by the relation a = -2 k\]k 2 - v 2,
where a and v are expressed in m/s2 and m/s, respectively, and k is a
constant. The system starts at time t = 0 with x = 0.5 m and v - 0.
Knowing that x = 0.4 m when t = 0.2 s, determine the value o f k.
SOLUTION
dv
a = = -2 k \Jk - v2, and v = 0 when t = 0
dt
- (V ~
dv -1
-2 k dt = =d sm
\lk 2 - {kj
-
V
-2 k ^ d t = sin 1
U ,
sm = -2kt
u.
v = &sin(-2&/) = -ksin (2 k t)
dx = vdt = -k s m (2 k t)d t
Integrating, using x = 0.5 m at / = 0, and x = 0.4 m at / = 0.2 s,
. * = - T f t s i n f 2* ! ) ] *
5
I* C = i cos(2i<)jo = -4 - -5 = ^COS[(2)*(0.2)] - i
cos(0.4&) = 0.8
0.4k = cos-1 (0.8) = 0.6435 rad
0.6435
k = k = 1.609 m/s 4
0.4
B PROBLEM 11.24
The acceleration of slider A is defined by the relation a = 2Vl - v 2,
w here a and vv are expressed in m/s
where m /s2 and m
m/s,
/s. respectively.
resnectivelv. The system
svstem
starts at time / = 0 with x = 0.5 m and v = 0. Determine (a) the position
j t m of A when v = - 0.8m/s, (b) the position of A when t = 0.2 s.
SOLUTION
Acceleration is a given function of velocity.
(a) Position when v = -0.8 m/s.

vdv vdv
From vdv = adx, we get dx = -----
a - \/l - v
2 2
Integrating, using x = 0.5 m when v = 0.
vdv
or i/T -
- VF
2
i r. r
- 0 .5 = (Vl - v - VT) or X= -V l-V
( 1)
2
When v = -0.8 m/s, x . 1 ^ - ( - . )!

1 0 8 x = 0.300 m 4
( ) Position when t = 0.2 s.

6
dv dv
From dv = a dt we get dt = =
a -2V 1 - V 2
Integrating, using / = 0 when v = 0.

dv
<* =
-2 V1 - V 2 * or H> = - { [ sin~lv I
t- 0 = -s in -1 v- 0 t = 5-sin v " 1
2 2
Solving for v, v = s in (- /) - - s i n ( r)
2 2
When r = 0.2/ s, 21 = 0.4 rad
v = - s i n 0.4 = -0.3894 m/s
Using equation (1), x = ^1 - (-0.38941)2 x = 0.461 m 4

PROBLEM 11.25
The acceleration of a particle is defined by the relation a = - k v 25,
where k is a constant. The particle starts at x = 0 with a velocity of
16 mm/s, and when x = 6 mm the velocity is observed to be 4 mm/s.
Determine (a) the velocity of the particle when x = 5 mm, (b) the time
at which the velocity of the particle is 9 mm/s.
SOLUTION
Acceleration is a given function of velocity, a = -k v 2 5

(a) Velocity when x = 5 mm.
c , , , vdv vdv 1 _] 5
From vdv = adx dx = ----- = ------ ^ - v
a kv k
Integrating, using the condition x = 0 when v = 16 mm/s.
f * =- tk L v~l$dv or M o =f[v
L J0 k L '5J
x - 0 = - ( v -0-5 - 16-5) or x = | (v0-5 - 0.25)mm

k k ( 1)
When x - 6 mm, v = 4 mm, hence
6 .. | , 4 0-5 -0 .2 5 ) or k - 0.08333mm_1-5s0-5
Solving (1) for v, v-0'5 = 0.25 + Q.Skx v = (0.25 + 0.5kx) 2
When x = 6 mm, v = [0.25 + (0.5)(0.08333)(5)]"2 v = 4.76 mm/s <
(6) Time when v = 9 mm/s.

dv -------
dv 1 -ir2 5
From dv = a dt, dt = = -fr- ==----
- v~1 2>dv
a kv25 k
Integrating, using the condition t - 0 when v = 16 mm/s
td t -
Jo f v~25dv
k Xe or L Jo i ' S k ik 1-5!Jie
t - 0 = Y ^ [ v_1'5 _ (16)_1'5 j or t = 8(v" '5 " 0.015625)
When v = 9 mm, t = 8(9"15 - 0.015625) t = 0.1713 s <

PROBLEM 11.26
The acceleration of a particle is defined by the relation a = 0.6(1 - k v ),
where k is a constant. Knowing that at f = 0 the particle starts from rest
at x = 6 m and that v = m/s when t =
6 s, determine (a) the 2 0
constant k, (b) the position of the particle when v = 7.5 m/s, (c) the
maximum velocity o f the particle.
SOLUTION
(a) Determination of k.
dv dv
From dv = adt, dt =
a 0 . 6 ( 1 - kv)
Integrating, using the condition v = 0 when t = 0,
dv
( 1)
0 .
6 ( 1 - *v)
Using t = 20 s when v = 6 mm/s, 20 - - ^ - ^ - ln ( l - 6k)
Solving by trial, k = 0.1328 s/m A
(b) Position when v = 7.5 m/s.
vdv vdv
From vdv = adx, dx =
a 0 .
6 ( 1 - kv)
vdv
Integrating, using the condition x = 6 m when v = 0,
f * = .
0 6 ( 1 - jfcv)
Now
1 - kv k 1 - kv
So dv - v - -^ln(l - kv)
0 . 6 k -10
x - 6- v+ ^v)
0.6k
Using v = 7.5 m/s and the determined value o f k :
x =6 1 x = 434 m A
(0.6)(0.1328) 7-5 + s k i h (1- ( 0-1328)(7'5))
(c) Maximum velocity occurs when a = 0.

1 1
Then, k 0.1328
v max = 7 - 5 3 m / s A
PROBLEM 11.27
Experimental data indicate that in a region downstream of a given
louvered supply vent the velocity of the emitted air is defined by
v = 0.18u0/x, where v and x are expressed in ft/s and feet, respectively,
and v0 is the initial discharge velocity of the air. For v 0 = 12 ft/s,
determine (a) the acceleration of the air at x = ft, (b) the time required
6
for the air to flow from x = 3 ft to x = 10 ft.
SOLUTION
(a) Acceleration at x = 6 ft.
v _ (0.18)(12) _ 2.16
0
v = 0.18 ft/s
x
dv 2.16
dx x2
dv 2.16 2.16 4.6656

a = v = ----- ---------- -- -------- t
5
dx x x x
4.6656
When x = 6 ft, a = a = -0.0216 ft/s < 2
( ) Required time for flow from x = 3 f t t o x = 10ft.

6
Use = v from which dt = = dt

dt v 0.18v0
dx xdx xdx
dt = = 0.46296xo!x
v 0.18v0 (0.18)(12)
Integrating, using t = 0 when x = 3 ft,
j^dt = 0.46296 %xd x or [r]J, = 0.46296
t = 0.23148(x2 - 9 )
When x = 10 ft, = (0.23 1 48)( 10 2 - 9 ) t = 2 1 . 1 s4

PROBLEM 11.28
t; Based on observations, the speed of a jogger can be approximated by the
i
relation v = 7.5(1 - 0.04x) , where v and x are expressed in km/h and
kilometers, respectively. Knowing that x = 0 at t = 0, determine
(a) the distance the jogger has run when t = h, (b) the joggers 1
acceleration in m/s at t = , (c) the time require for the jogger to run
2 0
6 km.
SOLUTION
Given: v = 7.5(1 - 0.04x)3 with units km and km/h.
(a) Distance at t = 1 hr.

. . . . . . dx dx
Using dx = vdt, we get dt = = ------------------ tt-
v 7.5(1 - 0.04x)
Integrating, using t = 0 when x = 0,
rd t = r or [,r= JL . 7 I i - o . m * 07)*
h 7.5 * (i _ 0.04) 3 0(7.5) (0.7)(0.04)l io
t = 4.7619 jl - (1 - 0.04x)0 7} (1)
Solving for x, x = 25 jl - ( l - 0.2 lOr J170'71
When f = 1 h, x = 25 jl - [ - ( . 0 2 1 0 )(l)]/ 7J x = 7.15km^
(b) Acceleration when t = 0.
^ = (7.5)(0.3)(-0.04)(l - 0.04x)^>'7 = -0.0900(1 - 0.04x)"7
When t = 0 and x = 0, v = 1.5 km/h, - 0.0900 h -1
dx
a = = (7.5)(-0.0900) = -0.675 km/h 2
- ( 0 .6 7 5 ) ( 1 0 0 0 ) ^ a = -52.1 x 10
- 6 m/s A
2
(3600)
(c) Time to run 6 km.

Using x = 6 km in equation (1),
= 4.7619 jl - [l - (0.04)(6)] 7J = 0.8323 h
t = 49.9 min ^
PROBLEM 11.29
The acceleration due to gravity of a particle falling toward the earth is
a = -g R 2 / r 2, where r is the distance from the center o f the earth to the
particle, R is the radius of the earth, and g is the acceleration due to
gravity at the surface of the earth. If R = 3960 mi, calculate the escape
velocity, that is, the minimum velocity with which a particle must be
projected upward from the surface of the earth if it is not to return to
earth. (Hint, v = 0 for r = oo.)
SOLUTION
dv gR
The acceleration is given by v = a =
dr r~
gR2dr
Then, vdv = -
Integrating, using the conditions v = 0 at r = oo, and v = vesc at r = R
v d v = -g R 2% { j
Iv
0
V
2
= g*2
2
vesc r
'e s c = > / 2 g ^
Now, R = 3960 mi = 20.909 x 10 ft and g = 32.2 ft/s2.

6
Then, v,^ = J(2)(32.2)(20.909 x 106) = 36.7 x 10 ft/s <

3
PROBLEM 11.30
The acceleration due to gravity at an altitude y above the surface of the
earth can be expressed as
-32.2
a -
[ l + ( y / 2 0 . 9 x l 0 6)]
2
where a and y are expressed in ft/s and feet, respectively. Using this
expression, compute the height reached by a projectile fired vertically
upward from the surface o f the earth if its initial velocity is
(a) v = 2400 ft/s, (b) v = 4000 ft/s, (c) v = 40,000 ft/s.
SOLUTION
-32.2 -32.2dy
The acceleration is given by a = vdv = ady =
[ u K ) T
\ 20.9x10 /J \ 20.9x10 ) \
Integrate, using the conditions v = v a ty = 0 and v = 0 a ty = ymax. Also, use g = 32.2 ft/s' and
0
R = 20.9 x 10 ft.
6
>'mmx
dy 1
( vdv = - g C z- = - g R 2 7 = gR2
n ( 1 + i ) 2 [ r v0
R+y
0 - ~ vo = gR2
1 1
gRya
Vo{R + Tmax) = gRy 2
R + Tmax R R + yn
_ , . Rva
Solving forymax, ymax = u 2
2 gR - v 0
20.9 x 10 v
6 02 _ 20.9 x 1Q6 Vq
Using the given numerical data, Tmax
(2)(32.2)(20.9 x 106) - v 02 1.34596 x 10 - 9
( 2 0 . 9 x 106)(2400)'
(a) v = 2400 ft/s,
0 ymax = 89.8 x 10 ft <
3
'Vmax ~ 1.34596 x 10 - 2 4 0 0 2 9
(20.9 x 106)(4000)2
Cb) v = 4000 ft/s,
0 ymax = 251 x 10 ft ^
3
Vm ~ 1.34596 x 10 - 40002 9
(20.9 x 106)(40000)2
(c) v = 40000 ft/s,
0 Tmax = ------------- 'q------------T = negative
1.34596 x 10 - 400002 9
Negative value indicates that v is greater than the escape velocity.

0
Tmax = 0 0 <
PROBLEM 11.31
The velocity o f a slider is defined by the relation v - t>'sin (cont + <f>J.
Denoting the velocity and the position o f the slider at / = 0 by v 0 and
x0, respectively, and knowing that the maximum displacement o f the
slider is 2x0, show that (a) -u' = + XqCO2 )/2 x 0co , (b) the maximum
value of the velocity occurs when x = x013 - ( i >0 / xQw} / 2.
SOLUTION
(a) Given: v = v'sin(ft>/ + tp)
At / = 0, v = v0 = v sm <p or sm p =
v' (1)
Let x be maximum at t = tx when v = 0.
Then, sin(fflf1 + cp) = 0 and cos(<a/s + cp) = 1 (2)

dx , ,
Using =v or dx - vdt
dt
Integrating, x = C cos (cot +

(Or,
V V
At / = 0, x =x = C
0 cos<z> or C = x0 + cos^
c
v V /
Then, X = x0 + C O S< p COSlfi>/ + .
co (0 (3)
V V .
*max = *0 + COS^ + U S ing COS<0/, + <p = - 1
co
Solving for cos cp, cos cp = _ 1

v
X0(On
With xmax = 2x0, cos cp ~ - - 1
v' (4)
* 0 >n
Using sin cp + cos 9? = 1 , or | , | + -1 = 1
, (vp + xW n )
Solving for v' gives V = (5 )<
2 x06)n
(ib) Acceleration: a = = v'con cos(twf + <p)

dt
Let v be maximum at t = t2 when a - 0.
Then, cos{o)nt2 + <p) - 0
From equation (3), the corresponding value of x is
v' v' f
x = Xq + cos q> = x H-----
0 - 1 ] = 2xq -
n \ y y >n
= 2x V() + XWn _ 3 1 Vq
- ZX - ( 2 w ) a > n - 2 0 ~ 2 x0a)2
xo
PROBLEM 11.32
The velocity of a particle is v = u0[ l - s in (/rt/7 )]. Knowing that the
particle starts from the origin with an initial velocity v 0, determine (a) its
position and its acceleration at t = 37, (b) its average velocity during the
interval t - to t = 7,
0
SOLUTION
dx 1 . nt
W - = V = V 1 - sm
7
Integrating, using x = x0 = 0 when t = 0,
, . nt
dx = { v d t = Jjv 0 1 - sm dt
7
,'nj nt
v0r + - ycos
n
v0r n t v0T
H cos
x = v0t + - _ ( 1)
n n
When t - 37, x = 3v0T + - 'cos ( 3^ ; - = 3- v j

7 n
x = 2.36VcJ A
dv nvr nt
a = = -co s
dt 7 7
When t = 37, a -cos3;r a =

7
(b) Using equation (1) with t = 7,
xx = v0T +
n
cos n -
n
= v07 '.-A'
V ttj
Average velocity is
Ax _ x, - x _ 0
'l-A ' vave = 0.363v0 A
a7 7 - v nj
PROBLEM 11.33
An airplane begins its take-off run at A with zero velocity and a constant
acceleration a. Knowing that it becomes airborne 30 s later at B and that
the distance AB is 900 m, determine (a) the acceleration a, (b) the take
off velocity V g .
SOLUTION
Constant acceleration. v = vA = 0,
0 x0 - xA = 0
v = vr,
o +
+ at -= ai
at
x = x(t+ v0t + -1a t 2 = at

1 2
( )
2
At point B, x = xB = 900 m and t = 30 s
Solving (2) for a, a = % = W -t 9? ) a = 2 m/s 4

2
t (30)
Then, vB = at = (2)(30) vs = 60 m/s ^

PROBLEM 11.34
Steep safety ramps are built beside mountain highways to enable vehicles
with defective brakes to stop safely. A truck enters a 250-m ramp at a
high speed v0 and travels 180 m in s at constant deceleration before its
6
speed is reduced to v0/2. Assuming the same constant deceleration,

determine (a) the additional time required for the truck to stop, (b) the
additional distance traveled by the truck.
SOLUTION
Constant acceleration. x0 = 0
v = v + at
0
(1)
1 2
X = Xq + V + 2 a r ( )
2
- v " vo
Solving ( 1) for a, ( (3)
Then, x = x0 + v0r + 1 v -( Vn >'? = x0 + ^(v0 + v)t = ^ (v + v)t 0
At t = 6 s, v = -^-v 0 and x6 = 180 m
(1 ^ 1 180
180 = - v + v ( ) = 4.5v
0 0 6 0 or v = = 40 m/s
0
L V. 2. y 4.5
v = vn = 2 0 m/s
2 0
Then, from (3), a = ---------- = ------ m/s = -3.333 m/s 2 2
6 3
Substituting into (1) and (2), v = 40 - 3.333f
x = 40 + 40/ - ^(3.333 ) / 2
At stopping, v = 0 or 40 - 3.333ts = 0 ts = 12 s
x = 0 + (40)(12) - -j(3.333)(12 ) 2 = 240 m
(a) Additional time for stopping = 12 s - 6 s At - 6 sA
( ) Additional distance for stopping = 240 m - 180 m

6 Ad = 60 m -4
PROBLEM 11.35
A truck travels 540 ft in s while being decelerated at a constant rate of
8
a 1.5 ft/s"
1.5 ft/s2. Determine (a) its initial velocity, (b) its final velocity, (c) the
distance traveled during the first s. 0 . 6
SOLUTION
a = -1.5 ft/s 2 x = 0
0
1 2
x = *0 + Vq/ + at'
(a) Solving for v using x = 540 ft when t =

0 8 s,
x ~ xo ~ 2 atf 540 - 0 - (0.5)(-1.5)(8 ) 2

Vn = 73.5 ft/s 4
V t 8
(b) At t = 8 s,
v = v0 + at = 73.5 + (1.5)(8) v = 61.5 ft/s 4
(c) At t = 0.6 s,
x = 0 + (73.5)(0.6) + i( - 1 .5 ) ( 0 .6 ) 2 x = 43.8 ft 4
PROBLEM 11.36
%*25ini/ta A motorist enters a freeway at 25 mi/h and accelerates uniformly to
65 mi/h. From the odometer in the car, the motorist knows that she
traveled 0.1 mi while accelerating. Determine (a) the acceleration of the
car, (b) the time required to reach 65 mi/h.
SOLUTION
Constant acceleration. v = 25 mi/h = 36.667 fit/s

0
Vy 65 mi/h = 95.333 ft/s
x =00 and Xy = 0.1 mi = 528 ft
Vy = v + 2a[xf - x0)
02
V/ - Vo 95.333 - 36.6672 , , , ,
2 2
(a) a = 7 r = ------; r = 7.3333 ft/s
2 ( x y - x 0) 2(528-0)
a = 7.33 ft/s ^ 2
(b) Vy = v + atf
0
_ Vf
vf
- vn 95.333 - 36.667
tf = 8 . 0 0 s
7.3333
PROBLEM 11.37
it A group of students launches a model rocket in the vertical direction.

Based on tracking data, they determine that the altitude of the rocket was
27.5 m at the end of the powered portion of the flight and that the rocket
landed 16 s later. Knowing that the descent parachute failed to deploy so
that the rocket fell freely to the ground after reaching its maximum
altitude and assuming that g = 9.81 m/s2, determine (a) the speed t>, of
the rocket at the end of powered flight, (b) the maximum altitude reached
27.5 m by the rocket.
SOLUTION
Constant acceleration. Choose t = 0 at end of powered flight.
Then, y t = 27.5 m a = - g = -9.81 m/s 2
() When y reaches the ground, y f = 0 and / = 16 s.
y f = y x + y + -1a t 2 = y, + y - -1g r2
J-/ - r , ^ r ; = o - 2 7 . 5 ^ ( 9 . 8 i)(i6): =767 6[n /s

t 16
v. = 76.8 m/s A
( ) When the rocket reaches its maximum altitude ymax,
v= 0
v = v + a ( y - y,) = v - 2 g ( y - y })
2 ,2 2 ,2
v -v2 2
y -y \- -
2 g
0 - 76.762
ymax = 27.5 - ... ymax = 328 m A
(2)(9.81) max
PROBLEM 11.38
A sprinter in a 400-m race accelerates uniformly for the first 130 m and
then runs with constant velocity. If the sprinters time for the first 130 m
is 25 s, determine (a) his acceleration, (b) his final velocity, (c) his time
for the race.
SOLUTION
(a) During the acceleration phase x = x0 + v0t + at

1 2
Using x0 = 0, and v0 ==0, and solving for a gives
2x
a = ~tT
Noting that x = 130 m when t = 25 s,
. (4 (1 3 0 )
a = 0.416 m/s M
(25)J
(b) Final velocity is reached at t = 25 s.
Vf = v0 + at = 0 + (0.416)(25) Vf = 10.40 m/s 4
(c) The remaining distance for the constant speed phase is
Ax = 400 - 1 3 0 - 270 m
For constant velocity, At - = _?Z2_ _ 25.96 s

v 10.40
Total time for run: t = 25 + 25.96 t = 51.0 s 4

PROBLEM 11.39
In a close harness race, horse 2 passes horse 1 at point where the two
velocities are v 2 - 1 m/s and v x = 6.8 m/s. Horse 1 later passes horse 2
at point B and goes on to win the race at point C, 400 m from A. The
. W i , elapsed times from A to C for horse 1 and horse 2 are /j = 61.5 s and
t2 - 62.0 s, respectively. Assuming uniform accelerations for both horses
between A and C, determine (a) the distance from A to B, (b) the position
of horse 1 relative to horse 2 when horse 1 reaches the finish line C.
SOLUTION
Constant acceleration (oj and a2) for horses 1 and 2.

Let x - 0 and t = 0 when the horses are at point/I.
Then, x = v0t + at 2
0 2
2 (x - vn/)
Solving for a, a = g ~
Using x - 400 m and the initial velocities and elapsed times for each horse,
'? (61.5)2
_^ _ 2 [ 4 0 0 -( 7 .0 )( 62.0)] _
t (62.0)
Calculating x{ - x2, xl - x2 = (vt - v2)t + (aj - a2) t 2
xI - x 2 = (6.8 - 7.0)/ + -[(-9 .6 2 3 9 x 10 3 1- (-17.6899 x 10~3'. jt2
= -0.2/ + 8.066 x 103/ 2
At point B, xi - x2 - 0 -0 .2 tB + 4.033 x 10l_3/ | = 0
/ -_ = 49.59 s
4.033 x 10"3
Calculating xB using data for either horse,
Horse 1: xB = (6.8)(49.59) + ^-(-9.6239 x 103)(49.59)2 xB = 325 m 4
Horse 2: xB = (7.0)(49.59) + ^-(-17.6899 x 10_3)(49.59)2 = 325 m
When horse 1 crosses the finish line at / = 61.5 s,
X j - x 2 = -(0.2)(61.5) + ( 4.033 x 10~3)(61.5)2 Ax = 2.95 m 4

PROBLEM 11.40
Two rockets are launched at a fireworks performance. Rocket A is
launched with an initial velocity v 0 and rocket B is launched 4 seconds
later with the same initial velocity. The two rockets are timed to explode
simultaneously at a height of 80 m, as A is falling and B is rising.
Assuming a constant acceleration g = 9.81 m/s2, determine (a) the initial
velocity v 0, (b) the velocity of B relative to A at the time of the
explosion.
SOLUTION
Choose x positive upward. Constant acceleration a = - g
Rocket launch data: Rocket A: x = 0, v = v0, t = 0
Rocket B: x = 0, v = v0, / = tB = 4 s
Velocities: Rocket A: vA= v - 0 gt
Rocket B: vB= v - g ( t - tB)

0
Positions: Rocket A: xA = v</ - ^ g t 2
Rocket B: xB = v0(t - tB) - - g ( t - tB)~, t > tB
For simultaneous explosions at x A = xB = 80 m when t = tE,
v(Je ~ ~ % rE - vo ( fE ~ h ) ~ ~ {h ) = V a V fl ^ + fpEh ~
Solving for v0, (1)
2 2x,
Then, when t = tE, r { E ~ t R t F. _ 0
g
(4)- + (4)(l)(2)(80)
9.81
Solving for tE, 6.507 s
(a) From equation (1), v = (9.8l)(6.507) -

0 _ 4^ 2 m/s j A
At time tE , VA = V0 ~ g t E VB = V0 - g ( t E - t B )
v B ~ v A = g t B = (9.81)(4) v Bia = 39.2 m/s f <

PROBLEM 11.41
A police officer in a patrol car parked in a 65 mi/h speed zone observes a
passing automobile traveling at a slow, constant speed. Believing that the
driver of the automobile might be intoxicated, the officer starts his car,
accelerates uniformly to 85 mi/h in 8 s, and, maintaining a constant
velocity of 85 mi/h, overtakes the motorist 42 s after the automobile
passed him. Knowing that 18 s elapsed before the officer began pursuing
the motorist, determine (a) the distance the officer traveled before
overtaking the motorist, ( ) the motorists speed.
6
SOLUTION
Motion o f motorist: vm = vm = constant, xm = vmt
Motion o f patrol car: Starts at t = 18 s with constant acceleration
At t = 18 + 8 = 26 s, vp = 85 mi/h = 124.67 ft/s
v = a (t - 18) a = = 15.583 ft/s 2
p v ' t - 18 26-8
* = ! (< - 1 8 )!
At t = 26 s, xp = ^(15.583)(26 - 18)2 = 498.67 ft
For t > 26 s, vp = 124.67 ft/s
xp = 498.67 + 124.67(t - 26)
(a) At t = 42 s, xp = 498.67 + 124.67(42 - 26) = 2493.4 ft
xp = 0.472 mi 4
( ) At t = 42 s,
6 xm = vm(42) = xp = 2493.4 ft
v = 2493.4 = 5 9 3? M
vm = 40.5 mi/h 4
42
PROBLEM 11.42
As relay runner A enters the 65-ft-long exchange zone with a speed of
42 ft/s, he begins to slow down. He hands the baton to runner B 1.82 s
later as they leave the exchange zone with the same velocity. Determine
(a) the uniform acceleration of each of the runners, (b) when runner B
should begin to run.
SOLUTION
Let x = 0 at the start of the exchange zone, and t = 0 as runner A enters the exchange zone.
Then, ( v ^ = 42 ft/s.
Motion of runner A: vA = (v^)Q + aAt
xA = { v A)0t + \ a/
(a) Solving for aA, and noting that xA = 65 ft when t = 1.82 s
2 ^ -(v ,V l 2[65 -(42 )(l .82 )]

-= = aA = - 6 .9 1 ft/s A
2
t2 1 .8 2
At t = 1 .8 s, (v ^ = 4 2 + ( - 6 . 9 l ) ( l . 8 2 ) = 2 9 .4 3 ft/s
Motion of runner B: (vB) = 0 and xB = 0 at the starting time tB of runner B.
Then, vb ~ ( vb )1 = 2 o b x b
Solving for aB, and noting that vB = {vA)^ = 2 9 .4 3 ft/s
( vfl)2 ( v )o 2 9 .4 3 2 - 0 _
W henxB = 6 5 ft, aB = ------ = - aB = 6 .6 6 ft/s A
2x b ( 2 )(6 5 )
= (v s ) 0 + aB(t - tB) = aB(t - tB)
Vr
t~ lB=
B
(b) Solving for tB, and noting that vB = 2 9 .4 3 ft/s when t = 1 .8 2 s
tB = r - = 1 .8 2 - = - 2 .6 0 s
B aB 6.66
Runner B should begin 2 .6 0 s before runner A reaches the exchange zone. A

PROBLEM 11.43
In a boat race, boat A is leading boat B by 38 m and both boats are
traveling at a constant speed of 168 km/h. At t = 0 , the boats accelerate
at constant rates. Knowing that when B passes A, t - 8 s and
vA = 228 km/h, determine (a) tire acceleration o f A, (b) the acceleration
of S.
SOLUTION
(a) Acceleration of A.
VA = M o + aA* )0 = 168 km/h = 46.67 m/s

vA = 228 km/h = 63.33 m/s
3
00
k*
CO
II
va ~ M 0 63.33- 46.67 AOm/s, 2^

fli = ------al -------------- aA = 2.08 -4
t 8
(b) ^ = ( * 4 )0 + W o' + \ af *s = (**) + W o' + 2 ai f 2
xa ~ xb = M o - (xb ) 0 + [Wo - W o] ' + j ( a A - aB)t2
When t = 0, M 0- {xb)0 = 38 m and (v ,)0 - (v ^ = 0

= 8 s,
0
When t
>?
H
11
1
Hence, 0 = 38 + ;(aA - aB)(8)2, or aA - a B = - 1.1875
aB = aA + 1.1875 = 2.08 +1.1875 aB =*3.27 m/s2 -4
I
PROBLEM 11.44
11 Car A is parked along the northbound lane of a highway, and car B is
traveling in the southbound lane at a constant speed of 96 km/h. At
t = 0, A starts and accelerates at a constant rate aA, while at t = 5 s, B
begins to slow down with a constant deceleration of magnitude aA / . 6
Knowing that when the cars pass each other x = 90 m and v A = v B,

determine (a) the acceleration aA, (b) when the vehicles pass each other,
(c) the distance between the vehicles at t = . 0
SOLUTION
(a) Acceleration of A.
va = W o + a At and xA = (xA\ + (vA) t * I a /
Using (vA = 0 and {xA)0 = Ogives
j 1 2
va = a At and Xj = - a J
When cars pass at t - tp xA - 90 m
(2 = 2f i = (3 M = M md
aA aA
For 0 < t < 5 s, vB = (vs ) = -96 km/h = -26.667 m/s
For t > 5 s, vb = ( vs ) o + - 5) = -26.667 + ^ a A (t - 5)
When vehicles pass, Va = -VB
aJ \ = 26.667 - ~ a A(tx - 5 )
7 5 _ 160
a At] - ctA = 26.667 or ltx - 5 = -----
[ m , 7-n/180 . 160
Using h = I gives - 5=
Let u - l M 6 u - 5 = 160u2
or 1602 - 7 ^ 8 0 + 5 = 0
7^180 V(49)(180) - (4)(160)(5) = 93.915 74.967

u =
(2)(160) 320
= 0.0592125 and 0.52776
aA = = 285.2 m/s and 3.590 m/s

u
The corresponding values for /, are
t = = 0.794 s, and tt = = 7.08 s

1 V285.2 1 V3.590
Reject 0.794 s since it is less than 5 s.
Thus, aA = 3.59 m/s M
(b) Time of passing. t = /j = 7.08 s "4
(c) Distanced.
0 ^ t < 5 s, xB = (xB)0 - (v*)01 = d - 26.667/
At t = 5 s, xB = d - (22.667)(5) = d - 133.33
F o r / > 5 s, xB d 133.33 + (v8 )0(/ - 5) + i s (/ - 5)2
xB = d - 133.33 - 26.667(/ - 5) + - 5)2
When / = /, = 7.08 s, xB = xA = 90
90 = d - 133.33 - (26.667)(2.08) + ^ j ~
d =90 + 133.33 + 55.47 + 1.29 d = 278 m -4

PROBLEM 11.45
Two automobiles A and B traveling in the same direction in adjacent
lanes are stopped at a traffic signal. As the signal turns green, automobile
A accelerates at a constant rate of 6.5 ft/s2. Two seconds later,
automobile B starts and accelerates at a constant rate o f 11.7 ft/s2.
Determine (a) when and where B will overtake A, (b) the speed of each
automobile at that time.
SOLUTION
For t > 0, xa = ( * a )o + W o ' + \ aAf2 = 0 + 0 + -|(6 .5 )r 2 or xA = 3.25/2
For t > 2 s, XB =M o + ( vb )o( - 2 ) + : % (' - 5)2 = 0 + 0 + | ( . 7 ) ( - 2 ) 2
or xB = 5.85(t - i f = 5.85r2 - 23.4r + 23.4
For xA = x B, 3.25/2 = 5.8512 - 23.4 1 + 23.4,
or 2.60?2 - 23.41 + 23.4 = 0
Solving the quadratic equation, t = 1.1459 and t = 7.8541 s
Reject the smaller value since it is less than 5 s.
(a) t = 7.85 s <
xA = x B = (3.25)(7.8541)2 x = 2 0 0 ft <
(b) v^=(v ^ ) 0 +V = O + (6.5)(7.854l) vA = 51.1 ft/s <
vB = (v * ) 0 + a B {t - 2) = 0 + (11.7)(7.8541 - 2) vB = 68.5 ft/s A

PROBLEM 11.46
4^ I s f f Two automobiles A and B are approaching each other in adjacent
highway lanes. At / = 0, A and B are 0.62 mi apart, their speeds are
>l- I? v A = 68 mi/h and v B = 39 mi/h, and they are at points P and Q,
respectively. Knowing that A passes point Q 40 s after B was there and
that B passes point P 42 s after A was there, determine (a) the uniform
accelerations o f A and B, (b) when the vehicles pass each other, (c) the
speed of B at that time.
SOLUTION
Let x be the position relative to point P.
Then, (x^)0 = 0 and (xs )Q = 0.62 mi = 3273.6 ft
Also, (v^, )0 = 6.8 mi/h = 99.73 ft/s and (vg )Q= -39 mi/h = -57.2 ft/s
(a) Uniform accelerations.
I \ / \ 1 2 2 [ X A ~ { X a ) 0 - { Va ) 0 A
*a = ( x a ) o + (v a )0 t + 2 a Af o r a A -= ~2------------------------ i
2 f 3 2 7 3 .6 -0 -(9 9 .7 3 )(4 0 )l , 7
aA = -L \ = -0.895 ft/s2 aA = 0.895 ft/s2 4
-
(40)
l \ , v 1 .2 2[ ^ ~ ( ^ ) 0 -
XB = { XB ) 0 + i VB ) 0 + 2 a Bf 0 f B = ~2---------- *
2 f o ~ 3273.6 - (-57.2)(42)1 , ,
aB = -I* \ ^ = -0.988 ft/s2 aB = 0.988 fl/s2 4
(42)
(b) When vehicles pass each other x A = xB.
( * a ) o + ( va ) 0t + \ af = M o + M 0t +
0 + 99.73/ + -(-0.895)/2 = 3273.6 - 57.2/ + i( - 0 .9 8 8 ) /2
0.0465/2 - 156.93/ + 3273.6 = 0

Solving the quadratic equation, / = 20.7 s and -3390 s
Reject the negative value. Then, / = 20.7 s 4
(c) Speed of B.
vB = (vB)o + aBt = -57.2 + (-0.988)(20.7) = -77.7 ft/s
Iv J = 77.7 ft/s 4
PROBLEM 11.47
Block A moves down with a constant velocity o f 2 ft/s. Determine (a) the

velocity of block C, (b) the velocity of collar B relative to block A, (c) the
relative velocity of portion D of the cable with respect to block A.
D
SOLUTION
Let x be positive downward for all blocks and for point D.
vA = 2 ft/s
Constraint of cable supporting A: xA + (xA - xB) = constant
2 va - v b = 0 or vB = 2 va = (2)(2) = 4 ft/s
Constraint of cable supporting B: 2xB + xc = constant
vc + 2vfi = 0 or vc = -2vg = - (2 )(4 ) = - 8 ft/s
(a) vc = 8 ft/s | A
(b) vB/A = vB - vA = 4 - 2 \ B/A = 2 ft/s i <
(c) xD + xc = constant, vD + vc = 0
vD = - vc = 8 8 ft/s
Vv a = 6 ft/s { <
PROBLEM 11.48
Block C starts from rest and moves down with a constant acceleration.
Knowing that after block A has moved 1.5 ft its velocity is 0.6 ft/s,
determine (a) the accelerations o f A and C, (h) the velocity and the
change in position o f block B after 2 s.
SOLUTION
Let x be positive downward for all blocks.
Constraint of cable supporting^: xA + (xA - xB) = constant
2va - vg = 0 or vs = v^ 2 and aB = 2aA
Constraint o f cable supporting B 2xB + xc = constant
2vg + vc = 0, or vc = -2vg, and ac - - 2 a B = - 4 a A
Since vc and ac are down, vA and aA are up, i.e. negative.
v 2a - { v a )] = 2 a A [ x A - ( x A )0 ]
= 0-12 ftJs2 f M
ac = - 4 a A ac = 0.48 ft/s | -4
2
(b) aB = 2aA = (2)(-0.12) = -0.24 ft/s 2
Avfl = aBt = (-0.24)(2) = -0.48 ft/s Avs = 0.48 ft/s ( <
Axg = - iBt 2 = - ( - 0 ,2 4 )( 2 ) 2 = -0.48 ft AxB = 0.48 ft ( <

PROBLEM 11.49
Block C starts from rest and moves downward with a constant
acceleration. Knowing that after 12 s the velocity of b lo ck s is 456 mm/s,
determine (a) the accelerations of A, B, and C, (b) the velocity and the
change in position of block B after s. 8
SOLUTION
Let x be position relative to the fixed supports, taken positive if downward.

Constraint of cable on left: 2xA + 3xB = constant
2 2
2va + 3vfl = 0 , or vB = - ~ v A, and aB = - - a A
Constraint of cable on right: xB + 2xc = constant
vB + 2vc = , 0 or vc = - ~1 v B1= - v A, andA ac = -1 a A
Block C moves downward; hence, block A also moves downward.

(a) Accelerations.
va = ( VA + aT or aA = VA = 4-56{2 = 38.0 mm/s 2
aA = 38.0 mm/s | -4
2
= a . = -I - (38.0) = -25.3 mm/s 2 aB = 25.3 mm/s { ^4

2
ac = j a A = ^-jj(38.0) = 12.67 mm/s 2 ac = 12.67 mm/s j2 ^ 4
(b) Velocity and change in position o f B after 8 s.
vB = (v f l) 0 + aBt = 0 + (-25.3)(8) = -203 mm/s
\ B = 203 mm/s | -4
- (' ) = M ' *- 0 + j(- 2 5 .3 )(mm

8 ) ! = -811
&xB =811 mm | 4
PROBLEM 11.50
Block B moves downward with a constant velocity of 610 mm/s.
W = W W 8 = & Determine (a) the velocity of block A, (b) the velocity of block C, (c) the
velocity of portion D of the cable, (d) the relative velocity of portion D of
the cable with respect to block B.
ffl
IB
til
SOLUTION
Let x be position relative to the fixed supports, taken positive if downward.
Constraint of cable on left: 2xA + 3xB = constant
2 va + 3 vb = 0, or vA = - - v B
Constraint of cable on right: xB + 2xc = constant
vB + vc
2 = 0 or vc = v
Constraint of point on D on cable: 2 * 4 + xp = constant
2 va + vd = o r vd = ~ 2 va
(a) Velocity o f block A.
vA = ~ ~ vb = -^-(610) = -915 mm/s v^ = 915 mm/s { A
(b) Velocity of block C.
vc = - v B = -(610) = -305 mm/s vc = 305 mm/s | A
(c) Velocity of point D. vD = (2 )(915) v D = 1830 mm/s i A

(d) Velocity relative to B. v ixb = vd ~ v b = 1830 - 610
\ [yB = 1 2 2 0 mm/s { A
PROBLEM 11.51
In the position shown, collar B moves to the left with a constant velocity
of 300 mm/s. Determine (a) the velocity of collar A, (b) the velocity of
portion C of the cable, (c) the relative velocity of portion C of the cable
with respect to collar B.
SOLUTION
Let x be position relative to the right supports, increasing to the left.
Constraint of entire cable: 2xA + xB + (xB - x A) = constant
2 v b + vA = 0 vA = - 2 v b
Constraint of point C of cable: 2xA + xc = constant
2 V;+ vc = 0 vc = - v;
2
() Velocity of collar A.
V; = - vs = -(2 )(3 0 0 ) = -600 mm/s

2 vA = 600 mm/s A
( ) Velocity of point C of cable.
vc = v; = -(2 )(-6 0 0 ) =
2 1 2 0 0 mm/s vc = 1 2 0 0 mm/s - A
(c) Velocity of point C relative to collar B.
vc,b = v c - v g - 1200 - 300 = 900 mm/s va B = 900 mm/s - A

PROBLEM 11.52
Collar A starts from rest and moves to the right with a constant
acceleration. Knowing that after s the relative velocity o f collar B with
8
respect to collar A is 610 mm/s, determine (a) the accelerations of A and

B, (b) the velocity and the change in position o f B after s. 6
SOLUTION
Let x be position relative to the right supports, increasing to the left.
Constraint of entire cable: 2xA + xB + {xB - xA) = constant,
2 vg + vA = ,
0 or 1
vB = ~ ~ v A, and, aB = -~aA
1
{a) Accelerations o f A and B.

1 2
Vb /a = V b ~ va = ~ T vA ~ va va = T VB/A
vA = (610) = -406.67 mm/s
/ X # - (v^)o -406.67 - 0 2
~ (v^)o = aAt, or aA = - = ------- = -50.8 mm/s
aA = 50.8 mm/s A 2
aB = ~ a A = (-114.4) %B = 25.4 mm/s * M

2
(b) Velocity and change in position o f B after 6 s.
Vg = (vg)Q + aBt = 0 + (50.8)(6) v g = 152.5 mm/s - -4
XB ~ {xb )0 = K V + | aBt2 = |( 2 5 .4 ) ( 6 ) i Axg = 458 mm <

PROBLEM 11.53
At the instant shown, slider block B is moving to the right with a constant
acceleration, and its speed is in./s. Knowing that after slider b lo ck s has
6
moved 10 in. to the right its velocity is 2.4 in./s, determine (a) the
accelerations of A and B, (b) the acceleration o f portion D of the cable,
(c) the velocity and the change in position of slider block B after 4 s.
SOLUTION
Let x be position relative to left anchor. At the right anchor, x = d.
Constraint o f cable: Xg + + 2 ( d - x A) = constant
<N | ro
2

2 vb - or and
II
II
aA ~ "JaB
Constraint of point D o f cable: {d~xA constant
+
=
ii
i
VA + v = or and
ii
I
0 0
aD = ~aA
(a) Accelerations o f A and B.

On
= |(
in./s ) = 4 in./s
II
6
M o
o
M l = 2 aA[xA ~ ( x a )o ]
aB = | aA = |(0 .5 1 2 ) = -0.768 in./s 2 aB = 0.768 in./s <

2
(ib) Acceleration of point D. aD = - a A = -(-0 .5 1 2 ) aD = 0.512 in./s -* A

2
(c) Velocity of block B after 4 s.
Vg = ( vb )q + a Bt = 6 + (-0.768)(4) vB = 2.93 in./s <

2
Change in position of block B.
*b ~ ( * ,) o = M 0 t + \ a / = (6)(4) + 1 (-0 .7 6 8 )(4 )2 Axfi = 17.86 in. 4

PROBLEM 11.54
Slider block B moves to the right with a constant velocity of 12 in./s.
j" M K i j -J L Determine (a) the velocity o f slider block A, (b) the velocity o f portion C
of the cable, (c) the velocity o f portion D o f the cable, (d) the relative
velocity of portion C o f the cable with respect to slider block A.
SOLUTION
Let x be position relative to left anchor. At right anchor x = d.
Constraint of entire cable: xB + (xB - xA) + 2 (d - xA) - constant 2vB - 3vA = 0
(a) Velocity of A: vA = ^ v B = y (l2 ) yA - 8 .0 0 in./s - 4
Constraint of point C of cable: xB + xB - xc = constant 2vB - vc = 0
(b) Velocity of C: vc = lv B = 2(12) vc = 24 in./s - -4
Constraint of point D of cable: d - xA + d - xc = constant vA + vD - 0,
(c) Velocity of D: vD = -vA = -8.00 in./s vD = 8 .0 0 in./s * 4
(d) Relative velocity. vOA = vc - vA = 2 4 - 8 y OA = 16.00 in./s 4

PROBLEM 11.55
M M M kk Collars A and B start from rest, and collar A moves upward with an
(w I acceleration of 3t2 mm/s2. Knowing that collar B moves downward with
iL i a constant acceleration and that its velocity is mm/s after moving
2 0 0
% 800 mm, determine (a) the acceleration of block C, (b) the distance
through which block C will have moved after 3 s.
SOLUTION
Let x be position relative to upper support, positive downward.
Let d = value of x at lower support.
Constraint of cable: { d - x A) + (xc ) + xc + (xc - xB) = constant

2
4vc - vfi - 2 va = 0 and 4ac - aB - 2 a A= 0
Accelerations:
(b) Velocity and position: vc = (v c ) 0 + ^ a c dt = 0 + 6.25/ - 0.5

/ 3
* c - ( * c ) o = vc <// = 3.125/2 - 0.125r4
At f = 3 s, ^ c - ( ^ c ) o = (3 - 1 2 5 ) (3 ) 2 -(0 .1 2 5 )(3 )4 Axc = 18.00 mm { A

PROBLEM 11.56
Collar A starts from rest at t = 0 and moves downward with a constant
acceleration of 180mm/s2. Collar B moves upward with a constant
acceleration, and its initial velocity is 200 mm/s. Knowing that collar B
moves through 500 mm between t = 0 and t = 2 s, determine (a) the
accelerations of collar B and block C, (b) the time at which the velocity of
block C is zero, (c) the distance through which block C will have moved
at that time.
SOLUTION
Let x be position relative to upper support, positive downward.
Let d = value of x at lower support.
Constraint of cable: (d - xA) + (xc - xA) + 2xc + (xc - xB) = constant
4vc - vB - 2 va = 0, and 4ac - aB - 2aA = 0
(a) Accelerations of B and C.
aA = 180 mm/s2, ( v /< )0 = 0
VB = { VB ) 0 + * B ~ { * B ) 0 = ( VB ) 0 * + \ a B*2
__ 2 [ . - f a k - f a ) . ' ] . 2 [-5 0 0 - (-2001(2)] _

t 2 ( )
2 '
ac - + 2aA) = - (-5 0 + (2)(l80)) ac = 77.5 mm/s { ^

2
(b) When vc = 0.
(vc ) 0 = t [ ( vb ) 0 + 2 (v .)0] = ~(~200 + 0) = -50 mm/s
vc = (v c ) + act t = Vc = ^ 5^ / = 0.645 s**

c vc c
/0 ac 77.5
*c- (*c), - (vc )< + = (-50)(0.645) + i(77.5)(0.645)2
= -16.13 mm Axc = 16.13 mm { 4

PROBLEM 11.57
Slider block B moves to the left with a constant velocity of 2 in./s. At
t = 0, slider block A is moving to the right with a constant acceleration
and a velocity of 4 in./s. Knowing that at / = 2 s slider block C has moved
1.5 in. to the right, determine (a) the velocity o f slider block C at t = 0,
(b) the velocity of portion D o f the cable at t = 0, (c) the accelerations of
A and C.
SOLUTION
Let x be position relative to the anchor, positive to the right.
Constraint of cable: - x B + [xc - xB) + 3(xc - xA) = constant
4vc - 2 vb - 3v^ = 0 4ac - 2 aB - 3aA - 0
When / = 0, vB = - 2 in./s and (v a ) 0 = 4 in./s
<*> (v c), = j [ 2 v i, + 3 ( v , ) 0] = i [ ( 2 ) ( - 2 ) + (3)(4)] (vc ) 0 = 2 in./s -4
Constraint o f point D: {xD - xA) + {xc - xA) + (xc - xB) - xB = constant
vD + vc -
2 2va - 2vb =0
(b) M o =2( va )0 + 2 vb - 2(vc )0 = (2)(4)+ (2)(-2) - (2)(2) (vD)0 = 0 A
xc-(*c)0 =(vc)ot + J act2
k - ( U - ( v c ) 'l
2 r i. - ( )( )l2 5 2 , 2
(c) ac = - V =-i V ;J = -1.250 in./s
C t2 (2)
ac = 1.250 in./s 2 -* A
^ ~ 2aB) = i[(4 )(-1 .2 5 0 ) - (2 )(0 )] = -1.667 in./s 2
aA = 1.667 in./s 2 A
PROBLEM 11.58
Slider block A starts with an initial velocity at / = 0 and a constant
acceleration of 9 in./s to the right. Slider block C starts from rest at / = 0
2
and moves to the right with constant acceleration. Knowing that at t = 2 s,

the velocities of A and B are 14 in./s to the right and 1 in./s to the left,
respectively, determine (a) the accelerations of B and C, (b) the initial
velocities of A and B, (c) the initial velocity of portion E of the cable.
SOLUTION
Let x be position relative to the anchor, positive to the right.
Constraint of cable: - x B + (xc - x B) + 3(xc - x A) = constant
4vc - 2 vb - 3 va = 0 and 4ac - 2aB - 3aA = 0
(a) Accelerations of B and C.

At t = 2 s, vA = 14 in./s and vB = -1 in./s
vc = ^ (2 v s + 3V,) = ~ [ ( 2 ) ( - l ) + (3)(14)] = 10 in./s
(vc)0 = 0
vc )o + ac t ac =
vc -S-(=vc)0

10-0 C = 5 m./s" <
- } [ ( 4 ) ( 5 ) - (3 )(9 )] = -3 .5 in./s2
afl = 3.5 in./s2 - A

(b) Initial velocities o f A and B.
va = ( va )o aAt (va)o = VA~ aAt = 14 - (9 )(2 ) = - 4 in./s
( VA = -4 in ./s <
vB = ( vs ) 0 - V (vs)o = VB Ogt = - l - ( - 3 . 5 ) ( 2 ) ( y s )0 = 6 in./s A
Constraint o f point E : 2(xc - x A) + ( x E - x A) = constant
v - 3v a + 2vc = 0
(c> i.vE)0 = 3( v^)o - 2(vc)0 = I3) ! " 4 ) - ( 2 )(0 ) = -1 2 in./s
(v )0 = 12 in./s A
PROBLEM 11.59
The system shown starts from rest, and the length of the upper cord is
adjusted so that A, B, and C are initially at the same level. Each
component moves with a constant acceleration, and after s the relative 1
change in position of block C with respect to block ^4 is 140 mm upward.

Knowing that when the relative velocity of collar B with respect to block
A is 40 mm/s downward, the displacements o f A and B are 80 mm
downward and 160 mm downward, respectively, determine (a) the
accelerations of A and B if aB > 5 mm/s2, (b) the change in position of
block D when the velocity of block C is 300 mm/s upward.
SOLUTION
Let x be position relative to the support taken positive if downward.
Constraint of cable connecting blocks A, B, and C:
2xA + xB + xc = constant,
2 2vA + vfl + vc = ,
2 0 2 aA + 2aB + ac = 0
( VA = ( v*)o = ( vc)o = ( XA = ( x b )o = (* c ) 0 ( x bia ) o= ,0 (vBM)o = 0
( vsm ) - ( v b i a )0 = 2aP/A^ * b i a ~ ( x b /a )0] VB/A 0 = 2aB/A( x B - xA - 0)
VB/A 402
a B/A ~ = 1 0 mm/s 2
2 (xB - x A) 2(160 - 8 0 )
XB/A = (XB/a )0 + ( VB/a )0 + - aB l f = 0 + 0 + - a B, f
t2 = K bU , = I2 ( x b - x a) _ 12(160 - 8 0 )
or 4s
B/A V B !A V 10
xa ~ { xa )o = M o 1 + 2 ^
(a)
2 [ * 4 - f o ) o - ( vA ' ] - 2(8 - ) aA = 1 0 mm/s | 4
2
= (4)2
aB = aA + aB/A = 1 0 + 1 0 aB = 2 0 mm/s { 4
2
ac = - ( aB + 2aA) = - [ ( )(
2 2 2 0 ) + ( ) ( l )] = -6 0 mm/s
2 0
'c ~ ( vc)o _ "300 - 0

vc = ( vc)o + M t = = 5s
-60
Constraint of cable supporting block D:
( XD ~ x a ) + { x d ~ x b ) = constant, 2vD - vA - vs = 0
2aD - aA - aB = 0, aD = (u^ + aB) = (10 + 20) = 15 mm/s
(*) xd - M o = M o + \ aDt2 = 0 + ^ (1 5 )(5 )2 AxD = 187.5 mm } 4

PROBLEM 11.60
The system shown starts from rest, and each component moves with a
k constant acceleration. If the relative acceleration of block C with respect
n f
m n to collar B is 120 mm/s upward and the relative acceleration of block D
2
with respect to block A is 220 mm/s downward, determine (a) the 2
i r velocity of block C after s, (b) the change in position of block D after

1 0s.
6
SOLUTION
Let x be position relative to the support taken positive if downward.
Constraint of cable connecting blocks A, B, and C:
2xa + 2 x B + xc = constant 2vA + 2 v B + vc = 0
2aA + 2aB + ac = 0 ( )
1
Constraint of cable supporting block D:
(xd - * * ) + (*/>- xb) = constant, 2 v - vA - vB =

0 0
2aD aB aA =0 ( )
2
Given: a c/B = ac - aB = -120 or ac - a B - 120 (3)
Given: aaA = aD - aA = 220 or aD = aA + 220 (4)
Substituting (3) and (4) into (1) and (2),
2 aA + 2 a B + (a B - 1 2 0 )= 0 or 2 aA + 3a B = 1 2 0 (5)
2 [ a A + 220) - aA - aB =0 or aA - aB = -440 ( )
6
Solving (5) and ( ) simultaneously,

6
aA = -240 mm/s 2 and aB = 200 mm/s 2
From (3) and (4), ac = 80 mm/s 2 and aD = -2 0 mm/s 2
(a) Velocity of C after 6 s.
vc = ( vc ) o + act = 0 + (80)(6) vc = 480 mm/s { -4
(b) Change in position of D after 10 s.
xd - M o =M o* + = 0 + ~ ( )( 2 0 1 0 ) 2 = - 1 0 0 0 mm
AxD = 1.000 m | 4
PROBLEM 11.61
A particle moves in a straight line with a constant acceleration of - 4 ft/s2
6
j for s, zero acceleration for the next 4 s, and a constant acceleration of
6
10 u ) +4 ft/s" for the next 4 s. Knowing that the particle starts from the origin
and that its velocity is - 8ft/s during the zero acceleration time interval,
(a) construct the v - 1 and x - t curves for < t <, 14 s, (b) determine
0
the position and the velocity o f the particle and the total distance traveled
when t = 14 s.
PROBLEM 11.62
A particle moves in a straight line with a constant acceleration of - 4 ft/s

2
J for s, zero acceleration for the next 4 s, and a constant acceleration of

6
1 ... -y
10 M Ki) +4 ft/s" for the next 4 s. Knowing that the particle starts from the origin
with v = 16 ft/s, (a) construct the v - f and x - t curves for
0 0 < t <
14 s, (b) determine the amount of time during which the particle is further
than 16 ft from the origin.
Integrating, using limits x = 0 when t = 0 and x = 16 ft when
t = ti
[x ] 6 = [l r -
6 2 r2]'o or 16 = 16/, - 2 /,2
or / , 2 - /, +
8 8 = 0
8 J( - (4)(1)(8)
8 ) 2
t, = ---------- [ w \ /V - = 4 2.828 = 1.172 s and 6.828 s

(2)0 )
The larger root is out o f range, thus /, = 1.172 s
Over 6 < t < 10, x = 24 - 8 (/ - 6 ) = 72 - 8 /
Setting x = 16, 16 = 72 - 8 / 2 or t2 = 7 s
Required time interval: ( / 2 - /i) = 5.83 s A

PROBLEM 11.63
A particle moves in a straight line with the velocity shown in the figure.
Knowing that x = -540 m at t = 0, (a) construct the a - t and x - t
* ,i curves for 0 < t < 50 s, and determine (b) the total distance traveled by
the particle when t = 50 s, (c) the two times at which x = 0.
SOLUTION
(a) Construction of the curves.

Construct the a - t curve. a = slope of v - t curve
0 <f < 1 0 s: A/ = 10 s, Av = 0 Av = n
a = 0
At
Av
1 0 s < t < 26 s: At = 16 s, Av = -80 m/s a = = -5 m/s 2
At
Av
26 s < t < 41 s: At = 15 s, Av = 0 a = = 0
At
41 s < / < 46 s: At = 5 s, Av = 15 m/s a = = 3 m/s 2
At
Av
46 s < t < 50 s: At = 4 s, Av = 0 a = = 0
At
CL (y* / S* ^
Construct the x - t curve. Ax = area of v - 1 curve.

x is maximum or minimum where v = . 0
For 10 s ^ f < 26 s, v = 60 - 5(r - 10)
v= 0 when 60 - 5t + 50 = 0 or t = 22 s
Also x0 = -540 m
0 to 10 s Ax = (10)(60) = 600 m *io = -540 + 600 = 60 m
10 s to 22 s Ax = -(1 2 )(6 0 ) = 360 m x22 = 60 + 360 = 420 m
22 s to 26 s Ax = ^(4)(-20) = -40 m x 26 = 420 - 40 = 380 m

26 s to 41 s Ax = (l5 )(-2 0 ) = -300 m x41 = 380 - 300 = 80 m
41 s to 46 s = -62.5 m x
4 6 = 80 - 62.5 = 17.5 m
46 s to 50 s Ax = (4 )(-5 ) = -2 0 m x5 0 = 17.5 - 20 = -2.5 m
(s i
(b) Total distance traveled.
0 < t < 22 s, dx = |x 22 - x0| = |420 - ( 540)| = 960 m
22 s < t < 50 s, d2 = |x 50 - x22| = |2.5 - 420| = 422.5
Total: d = dx + d 2 = 1382.5 m d = 1383 m <
(c) Times when x = 0

For 0 < t < 10 s, x = -540 + 60f m
A tx = 0, -5 4 0 + 60r = 0
For 46 s S t < 50, x = 17.5 - 5(/ - 46) m
A tx = 0, 17.5 - 5(/ - 46) = 0 / - 46 = 3.5 t = 49.5 s <

PROBLEM 11.64
A particle moves in a straight line with the velocity shown in the figure.
Knowing that x = -540 m at t = 0, (a) construct the a - t and x - t
curves for 0 < I < 50 s, and determine (b) the maximum value of the
position coordinate of the particle, (c) the values of t for which the
particle is at x = m.
1 0 0
SOLUTION
(a) Construction of the curves.

Construct the a - t curve. a = slope of v - t curve
Av
0 <t < 1 0 s: At = 10 s, Av = 0 a = = 0
At
Av i
1 0 s < / < 26 s: At = 16 s, Av = -80 m/s a = = -5 m/s
At
Av
26 s < t < 41 s: At = 15 s, Av = 0 a = = 0
At
Av
41 s < t < 46 s: At = 5 s, Av = 15 m/s a = = 3 m/s 2
At
Av
46 s < t < 50 s: At = 4 s, Av = 0 a = = 0
At
t(s^ i
Construct the x - t curve. Ax = area of v - / curve.

x is maximum or minimum where v = . 0
For 10 s t <, 26 s, v = 60 - 5(r - 10)
v= 0 when 60 - 5t + 50 = 0 or t = 22 s
Also x = -540 m
0
0 to 10 s Ax = (10)(60) = 600 m x,o = -540 + 600 = 60 m
10 s to 22 s Ax = ^(12)(60) = 360 m x 22 = 60 + 360 = 420 m
22 s to 26 s Ax = -^-(4)(-20) = -40 m x 2 6 = 420 - 40 = 380 m

26 s to 41 s Ax = (l5 )(-2 0 ) = -300 m x41 = 380 - 300 = 80 m
. .( - -5 ^
2 0
41 s to 46 s Ax = (5) ----------- =-62.5 m x4 6 = 80 - 62.5 = 17.5 m
v 2 J
i
46 s to 50 s Ax = (4 )(-5 ) = -2 0 m x50 = 17.5 - 20 = -2.5 m
X (W 'l
(b) Maximum value of position coordinate,

v= 0 when t = 2 2 s *max = *22 = 420 m 4
(c) Values of t when x = 100 m.
For 10 s < f < 26 s, x = 60 + 60(/ - 1 0 ) - j(5 )(t - 1 0 ) 2
A tx = 100 m, 60 + 60 (r - 10) - 2.5 (t - 10 ) 2 = 100
L e tr = t - 10, 2.5 r - 60r + 40 = 0
6 0 t ^ ( 6 0 ) i -(4 )(2 .5 )(4 0 )

.695 and 23.3 s
(2)(2.5)
1 = 10.69 s, and 33.3 s (out of range) t = 10.69 s A

For 26 s <, t <, 41 s, x - 380 + (-2 0 )(f - 26)
A tx = 100 m, 100 = 380 - 20(t - 26)
t - 26 = 14 t = 40.0 s A
PROBLEM 11.65
A parachutist is in free fall at a rate of 180 ft/s when he opens his

parachute at an altitude of 1900 ft. Following a rapid and constant
deceleration, he then descends at a constant rate of 44 ft/s from 1800 ft to
1 0 0ft, where he maneuvers the parachute into the wind to further slow
his descent. Knowing that the parachutist lands with a negligible
downward velocity, determine (a) the time required for the parachutist to
vf land after opening his parachute, (b) the initial deceleration.
SOLUTION
Let x be the altitude. Then v is negative for decent and a is positive for
deceleration.
Sketch the v - / and x - t curves using times r,, t2 and as shown. / 3
Use constant slopes in the v - / curve for the constant acceleration stages.
Areas of v - / curve:
A, = - - ( 1 8 0 + 144)/, = -112/, ft
O
A2 = -44/,
- | ID 4 = 2 = -22/3
I
Changes in position: Ax, = 1 800- 1900 = -100 ft
y (ft'i i
HO" 1 Ax2 = 1 00-1800 = -1700 ft
Ax3 = 0 - 100 = -1 0 0 ft
Using Ax, = Aj gives t, = = 0.893 s

-112
-1700
/ 7 = = 38.64 s
-44
-100
h = = 4.55 s
-22
(a) Total time: /, + / 2 + / 3 = 44.1 s M
Av _ (-4 4 ) - ( - 1 8 0 )
(b) Initial acceleration. a =
At 0.893
a = 152.3 ft/s A 2
PROBLEM 11.66
A machine component is spray-painted while it is mounted on a pallet
that travels 12 ft in 20 s. The pallet has an initial velocity o f 3 in./s and
can be accelerated at a maximum rate of 2in./sx . Knowing that the
painting process requires 15 s to complete and is performed as the pallet
moves with a constant speed, determine the smallest possible value of the
maximum speed of the pallet.
SOLUTION
Sketch v - 1 curve as shown. Label areas A{, A2, and A3
A,
o i-
t ,
A, = (3) (20) - 60 in.
Av = at, = 2t, in./s
A3 = ! Av)(20 ~ tj) = 2r,(20 - tj) in.
Distance traveled: Ax = 12 ft = 144 in.
Ax = total area, 144 = 60 + 1? + 2r, (20 - f,)
or t} - 40r, + 84 = 0
and 37.8 s
Reject the larger root. t, = 2.224 s
Av = 2r, = 4.45 in./s
vmax = 3 + Av = 3 + 4.45 W = 7.45 in./s <

PROBLEM 11.67
In a 400-meter race, runner A reaches her maximum velocity vA in 4 s

with constant acceleration and maintains that velocity until she reaches
the half-way point with a split time of 25 s. Runner B reaches her
maximum velocity vB in 5 s with constant acceleration and maintains
that velocity until she reaches the half-way point with a split time of
25.2 s. Both runners then run the second half of the race with the same
constant deceleration of 0.1 m/s2. Determine (a) the race times for both
runners, (b) the position of the winner relative to the loser when the
winner reaches the finish line.
SOLUTION
Sketch v - t curves forfirst 200 m.
rr(tv./s'i
/0 Runner/I: /, = 4 s, t2 = 25 - 4 = 21 s
A,
4 = = 2 ( VJ n u x
Us 1
> 1 1, L- ti
A 2 = 21K )m a x
tS (mVs )
A, + A2 = Ax = 200 m
2 3(v.)
V A /m a x
= 200 or (v .)
' A /m ax
= 8.6957 m/s
Runner B: /, = 5 s, t2 = 25.2 - 5 = 20.2 s
^ = j ( 5K l, L , = 2 -5(v L .
^
A, + A2 = Ax = 200 m
22.7(Vo)
V a /m a x
= 2 0 0 or (v)
V /m ax
=8.8106 m/s
Sketch v - t curve for second 200 m. Av = |a |/ 3 = 0. l / 3
Ai = v
m ax / 3 - -jAv/j = 200 or 0.05/32 - vmaxr + 200 = 0
3
Vmax>/(Vmax)2 -(4)(0-05)(200)
10 V max
+
\ livmax)2 40
(2)(0.05)
Runner/4: (vmax)^ = 8.6957, (t3)A = 146.64 s and 27.279 s
Reject the larger root. Then total time rA = 25 + 27.279 = 52.279 s
t A = 52.2 s <
Runner B: (vmax)g = 8.8106, (t3)fl = 149.45 s and 26.765 s
Reject the larger root. Then total time tB - 25.2 + 26.765 = 51.965 s
tB = 52.0 s 4
Velocity o f A a t t = 51.965 s:
^ = 8.6957 - (0.1)(51.965 - 25) = 5.999 m/s
Velocity o f A at t = 51.279 s:
v2 = 8.6957 - (0.1)(52.279 - 25) = 5.968 m/s
Over 51.965 s < t < 52.965 s, runner 4 covers a distance Ax
Ax = vave(Ai) = ^(5.999 + 5.968)(52.279 - 51.965) Ax = 1.879 m 4

PROBLEM 11.68
A commuter train traveling at 64 km/h is 4.8 km from a station. The train
then decelerates so that its speed is 32 km/h when it is 800 m from the
station. Knowing that the train arrives at the station 7.5 min after
beginning to decelerate and assuming constant decelerations, determine
(a) the time required to travel the first 4 km, (b) the speed of the train as it
arrives at the station, (c) the final constant deceleration of the train.
SOLUTION
Sketch the v - t curve
fiX
Data:
x2 = 4.8 km = 4.8 x 10 m
Vj = 32 km/hr = 8.889 m/s
x, - 4.8 x 103 - 800 = 4.0 x 103 m
t2 = 450 s
(a) Time /, to travel first 4 km.
X! .= 4.0 x 103 = 4 = i ( v 0 + v,) r, = | (17.778 + 8.889)^ fj = 300 s A
(b) Velocity v2.
X2 ~ X, = 800 = A2 = ' (v , + v )(f - /,) = ~(vj + v2)(450 - 300)

2 2
v2 + vi 10.667 m
v2 = 10.667 - 8.889 v, = 1.778 m/s A

(c) Final deceleration.
_ v2 - Vi _ 1.778 - 8.889 _
-12 = -0.0474 m/s2 au I = 0.0474 m/s2 A
t2 - 450 - 300
PROBLEM 11.69
Two road rally checkpoints A and B are located on the same highway and
are mi apart. The speed limits for the first 5 mi and the last 3 mi are
8
60 mi/h and 35 mi/h, respectively. Drivers must stop at each checkpoint,

and the specified time between points A and B is 10 min 20 s. Knowing
that a driver accelerates and decelerates at the same constant rate,
determine the magnitude of her acceleration if she travels at the speed
limit as much as possible.
SOLUTION
10 min 20 s = + = 0.1722 h
60 3600
Sketch the v - t curve
AT i/h i 60
t=
25
tu
a
35
t=
a
Al = 60tx - -j(60)(ia ) - |( 2 5 ) t i = 60 tx - 1 8 0 0 - - 312.5
But A, - 5 mi
1
60^ - 2112.5 = 5 ( 1)
a
A2 = 35(0.1722 - /,) - 35tc = 6.0278 - 351, - 612.5
But A2 - 8 - 5 = 3 mi
35tx + 6 1 2 .5 - = 3.0278 (2)

a
Solving equations (1) and (2) for tx and , tx = 85.45 x 10 3 h = 5.13 min
a
- = 60.23 x l 0 6 h2/m i
a
2 (16.616 x 103)(5280)
a = 16.616 x 1 0 mi/h = a = 6.77 ft/s 4
2
(3600)2
PROBLEM 11.70
In a water-tank test involving the launching of a small model boat, the
models initial horizontal velocity is 20 ft/s and its horizontal acceleration
varies linearly from -4 0 ft/s at / = 0 to - 6 ft/s* at / = /, and then
remains equal to - 6 ft/s2 until t = 1.4 s. Knowing that v = 6 ft/s when
/ = /,, determine (a) the value o f % (b) the velocity and position of the
model at t = 1.4 s.
SOLUTION
Sketch the a - / curve as shown

a ( f t / s 1)
tc*>
A = ~6h
4 = -1 ( 4 0 - 6 )/,= -1 7 /,
V, = v0 + A + A2
6 = 20 6/, - 17/,
() /, = 0.6087 s /, = 0.609 s ^
h = 1-4 s
t2 /, = 0.7913 s
4 + A = "(6)(1.4) = -8.4 ft/s

A2 = -(17)(0.6087) = -0.348 ft/s
V = Vq + Aj +
2 + A2 20 ~ 8.4 10.348 v, = 1.252 ft/s 4
(ft) x2 = x0 + V0/ 2 + ( 4 + 4 ) % + 4*2 by moment-area method
= 0 + v0/2 + ( 4 + 4 )
= 0 + (20)(1.4) - (8.4 - 1 (1.4) - (10.348)^1.4 - x, = 9.73 ft 4

PROBLEM 11.71
A bus is parked along the side of a highway when it is passed by a truck
traveling at a constant speed o f 70 km/h. Two minutes later, the bus starts
and accelerates until it reaches a speed of 100 km/h, which it then
maintains. Knowing that 12 min after the truck passed the bus, the bus is
1.2 km ahead of the truck, determine (a) when and where the bus passed
the truck, (b) the uniform acceleration of the bus.
SOLUTION
Sketch the v - 1 curves.

at f /s'}
bos
21.1 1
V=l.*+M / \ \ '
/ 1 1 I
// !i
1 1
1 i
/ \ \ \
1 2 .0 t, tx 72o
At t = 12 min = 720 s,
W =(19.44)(720) = 14000 m
xbus - 14000 + 1200 = 15200 m
cbus ~ under v - t curve
- ( / , - 120)(27.78) + (720 - ^ (2 7 .7 8 ) = 15200
tx = 225.8 s
(u) When xbus -^truck* areas under the v - 1 curves are equal.
^(27.78)(f, - 120) + 27.78(f2 - f,) = 19.44t2
With f, = 225.8 s, t2 = 576 s <
^truck (19,44)(576) a 11200 m W = H-20 km <
v -v 0 27.78 - 0
(b) abus = 0.262 m/s2 M
bus f, - 120 ~ 225.8 - 120
PROBLEM 11.72
Cars A and B are d = 60 m apart and are traveling respectively at the
S S h
constant speeds o f (^)0 = 32 km/h and (vB)0 = 24 km/h on an ice-
covered road. Knowing that 45 s after driver A applies his brakes to avoid
overtaking car B the two cars collide, determine (a) the uniform
deceleration o f car A, (b) the relative velocity o f car A with respect to car
B when they collide.
SOLUTION
(vA)0 = 32 km/h = 8.889 m/s

vB = 24 km/h = 6.667 m/s
Sketch the v - t curves.
Ax = (6.667)(45) = 300 m
/tf'On/s')
_ 4 = i( 2 .2 2 2 ) (4 5 ) + i v ^ ( 4 5 )
c. an = 50 -(- 22i.5vA/B
XA = f o ) + A + A 2
XB = { X b ) 0 + 4
X B/A = { X B!a \ ~ 4
(b) 0 = 60 - 50 - 22.5<vm v a/ b = 0-444 m/s 4
va = vb + VA!B ~ 6.667 = 7.111 m/s
V, - ( v ^ ) 0 7.111 - 8.889
() aa = a a = -0.0395 m/s2 4
45
PROBLEM 11.73
Cars A and B are traveling respectively at the constant speeds of
( v A)0 = 22 mi/h and (v B)0 = 13 mi/h on an ice-covered road. To avoid
overtaking car B, the driver of car A applies his brakes so that his car
decelerates at a constant rate of 0.14 ft/s2. Determine the distance d
between the cars at which the driver of car A must apply his brakes to just
avoid colliding with car B.
SOLUTION
(v^ )Q = 22 mi/h = 32.267 ft/s

(v B ) 0 = 13 mi/h = 19.067 ft/s
Sketch the v - t curves.
Slope of v - t curve for car A.

rr (-R /s ;
7 >/ n a = = -0.14 ft/s 2
A A2 = ^(13.2)(94.29) = 622.3 m
0
0 t,
XB = { xb )0 + 4
XA = ( Xa \ + A +A2
XB/A = X B ~ X A = { X b ) 0 - ( xa ) 0 - A 2> r 0 = d - A2
d - A2 d = 622 m ^
PROBLEM 11.74
An elevator starts from rest and moves upward, accelerating at a rate of
4 ft/s until it reaches a speed of 24 ft/s, which it then maintains. Two
2
seconds after the elevator begins to move, a man standing 40 ft above the
initial position of the top of the elevator throws a ball upward with an
40 ft initial velocity of 64 ft/s. Determine when the ball will hit the elevator.
SOLUTION
Construct the a - t curves for the elevator and the ball.
a(ft/ s ) Limit on A, is 24 ft/s. Using A, = 41
c)t
t(i ' 4t2 = 24 t2 = 6 s
Motion of elevator.
For 0 < 6 s, (*fc ) o = 0 (v ) 0 = 0
Moment of A, about t = t,:
xe = (* )0 + W o ' i + 2 t \ = 2 r \
f*t1-2 -i Motion of ball. At t = 2, (* b )0 = 40 ft ( vb ) 0 = 04 ft/s
For /( > 2 s, A2 = -32.2(/| - 2)ft/s
't\ - 2 ^
Moment of A2 about t = t2: - 3 2 . 2 - 2) = 16. l(r, - 2 ):
* = (* )o + - 2 ) - 1 6 1 ( 'i - 2f
= 40 + 64(/, - 2) - 16.1(7, - 2 ) 2
When ball hits elevator, xB = xE
40 + 6 4 ( r , - 2 ) - 1 6 . l ( / , - 2 ) 2 = 2/f or
18.1/,2 - 128.4r, + 152.4 = 0
Solving the quadratic equation, r, = 1.507 s and 5.59 s
The smaller root is out of range, hence /. = 5.59 s <
Since this is less than 6 s, the solution is within range.

PROBLEM 11.75
Car A is traveling at 70 km/h when it enters a 50 km/h speed zone. The
driver of car A decelerates at a rate of 5 m/s2 until reaching a speed of
50 km/h, which she then maintains. When car B, which was initially 19 m
behind car A and traveling with a constant speed of 72 km/h, enters the
speed zone, its driver decelerates at a rate of 6 m/s2 until reaching a
speed of 48 km/h. Knowing that the driver of car B maintains a speed of
48 km/h, determine (a) the closest that car B comes to car A, (b) the time
at which car A is 22 m in front of car B.
SOLUTION
At / = 0, ( ^ ) 0 = 19 m, ( va ) q = 70 km/h = 19.444 m/s ( * s ) 0 = 0, (vs )Q = 72 km/h - 20.000 m/s
Final speeds, (vA) , = 50 km/h - 13.889 m/s, (vg )y = 48 km/h t= 13.333 m/s
ivA)f - ( VA _ 13.889 - 19.444

Deceleration of car A: a , = -5 m/s = 1.1111s
At time (tB\ , xb = ( x a\ = 19 m and xB = {xB\ + (vB\ ( t B),
{tB\ = = 1 2 -1 = 0.9500 s
(XB)0 20
Deceleration of car B: aR = - 6 m/s
r. \ \ K ) / - K ) 0 13.333-20.000 l1t1
{ h ) 2 - { h \ = ^ ----------= 7 = 1.111 s
aB -o
(tB)2 = 0.9500 + 1.111 = 2.0611s
Sketch the v - t curves for the two cars.
(a) \ x ai b ) . occurs when vA = vB

V /m in
For (tB\ < t < { t B)v
vb = ( v g )<, + % [ / - ( ? * ) , ]
VA = { va )j -
Equating, setting t = tm, and solving for tm,
{vA) f - { v B)0
UB
13.889 - 20
= 0.950 +
= 1.9685 s
At time t = tm, (x A) = (x/t )0 + area under v - t curve for car A.
, \ (v4)0 + (vi ) / , r w , x
- ( x a)o + 2 A +^ A m ~
= 1 9 + 19.444 + 13.88 9 ^ 1H ^ + ^ 3 3 3 9 )^ 9 6 8 5 _ i.n n ) = 4 9 . 4 2 6 m
( x* L = (xB)0 + area under v - t curve for car B.
- (*b)o + ( v ) o ( ^ ) i + - ('* )J
9 0 + 1 ^ OOQ
= 0 + (20)(0.950) + , (1.9685 - 0.950) = 36.258 m
( x ai b ) ~ xa ~ xb ~ 49.426 - 36.258 - 13.17 m 4

V /m in
At time t = (tB)1, (xa )2 = (x^ )o + 3163 un<ler v - 1 curve for car A.
, . (v^)0 + (v^)/ r
=(^)o +---- 2--- A+ ~*A
= 19 + 19-444 * 13-889(1.1 111) + (13.889)(2.0611 - 0.950) = 50.712m
( xb )2 = (xB)Q + area under v - t curve for car B.
- ( * , ) + (vs )0( j) i + (v x \ (VA)f[ { h \ - (<),]

?0 4- 1 3
= 0 + (20)(0.950) + -(2.0611 - 0.950) = 37.517 m
(*4 ) 2 " ( xs ) 2 = 50.712 - 37.517 = 13.195 m < 22 m
For xA/B = 22 m, 1 > (?s )2
XA = (* <)2 + {vA ) f [ t - { h ) 2] and xB = ( x s )2 + (v g )/ [ t - ( t s )2]
Subtracting, X A ~ X B ~ X A1B = [ { x a ) 2 ~ ( % ) 2] + [ ( V ^ - (v fl) / ] [ f - { t B ) 2 ]
Solving for t, = (> ) , 2.0611 + 2 2 - 13' 195

2 M / - ( VJ)/ 13.889- 13.333
i = 17.91 s 4
PROBLEM 11.76
Car A is traveling on a highway at a constant speed ( v ^ = 100 km/h

and is 120 m from the entrance of an access ramp when car B enters the
acceleration lane at that point at a speed (vB)0 = 25 km/h. Car B
accelerates uniformly and enters the main traffic lane after traveling
70 m in 5 s. It then continues to accelerate at the same rate until it reaches
a speed of 100 km/h, which it then maintains. Determine the final
distance between the two cars.
SOLUTION
( )Q = 100 km/h = 27.778 m/s ( v)0 = 25 km/h = 6.944 m/s
Sketch acceleration curve for car B over 0 < t < 5 s.
Using moment-area formula at t = 5 s.
* b -(* ) = (v ) ' + (a fl)(5)( 2-5)

70 = (6.944)(5) + 12.5aB
aB = 2.822 m/s2
Determine when B reaches 100 km/h.

a*
tc o K ) , = K ) 0 + A2
27.778 = 6.944 + 2.822tB
2.1TI tB = 7.38 s
A2 = (2.822)(7.38) = 20.83 m/s
Then, xB = (xB)Q + ( vB)QtB + A2^ - by moment-area formula
an d * a = { x A )0 + ( v A )0 t B
Subtracting, xB - x A = (xB)0 - ( x ,) Q + [(vB)0 - (v^)0]rB + A2
f 7 38'
Then, x B - x A = 120 + (6.944 - 27.778)(7.38) + (20.83)1 '
xB!A = 43.1 m Car B is ahead of car A. A

PROBLEM 11.77
During a manufacturing process, a conveyor belt starts from rest and

travels a total of 0.36 m before temporarily coming to rest. Knowing that
the jerk, or rate of change of acceleration, is limited to 1.5 m/s2 per
second, determine (a) the shortest time required for the belt to move
0.36 m, (b) the maximum and average values of the velocity of the belt
during that time.
SOLUTION
Sketch acceleration curve.
da
Let j = jerk
dt
Then, amta. ~ J ( ^ )
A = |m ax(2A t) = amax(Ar)
- /(A t)2
V / = V0 + Ax - A2
0 0 + A.2
A2 = Ax
Ax = v0(4At) + (/4j)(3Ar) - A2(At)
= 0 + 3j(A t f - j ( A t ) = 2y (At)3
Ax 0.36
At = 3 = 3 = 0.4932
V V(2)(L5)
(a) Shortest time: 4At = (4)(0.4932) = 1.973 s A

(b) Maximum velocity: vmax = V0 + A = 0 + j ( A t f
= (1.5)(0.4932)2 = 0.365 m/s A
Ax 0.36
Average velocity: = 0.1825 m/s A
4 At 1.973
PROBLEM 11.78
An airport shuttle train travels between two terminals that are 5 km apart.
To maintain passenger comfort, the acceleration of the train is limited to
1.25 m/s2, and the jerk, or rate o f change of acceleration, is limited to
0.25 m/s2per second. If the shuttle has a maximum speed of 32 km/h,
determine (a) the shortest time for the shuttle to travel between the two
terminals, (b) the corresponding average velocity o f the shuttle.
SOLUTION
Sketch the a - t curve.
4 = i(5 )(1 .2 5 ) = 3.125 m/s
vmax = 52 km/hr = 8.889 m/s = 2Ax + A2

4 = vmax - 2 4 - 8.889 - (2)(3.125) = 2.639 m/s
A2 2.639
AU = - 2 - = -------- = 2.111 s
*ma* 1-25
Total distance is 5 km = 5000 m. Use moment-area formula.
/ \
1
x = x0+ v0r + (24 + 4) 'l - A f l - T A ?2 +^ )
2 "I---
V ** J V 2
= 0 + 0 + vmax( t - 2 A t 1 - At2)
(a) t = 2Atl + At2 + = (2)(5) + 2.111 + = 10 + 2.111 + 562.5 = 575 s

v 8.889
t = 9.58 min A
... s 5000
(b) vavs = - -= ------ 8.70 m/s = 31.3 km/h 4
ave t 575
PROBLEM 11.79
r/lft/s2) An elevator starts from rest and rises 125 ft to its maximum velocity in
T seconds with the acceleration record shown in the figure. Determine
2 (a) the required time T, (b) the maximum velocity, (c) the velocity and
/ 1
/ | position of the elevator at / = 772.
0/ 1
773 r t(s)
PROBLEM 11.80
An accelerometer record for the motion of a given part of a mechanism is

approximated by an arc of a parabola for 0.2 s and a straight line for the
next 0.2 s as shown in the figure. Knowing that v = 0 when t = 0 and
x = 0.8 ft when t = 0.4 s, (a) construct the v - I curve for 0 t <, 0.4 s,
(b) determine the position of the part at t = 0.3 s and t = 0.2 s.
SOLUTION
Divide the area of the a - t curve into the four areas A,, A2, A3 and A4.
A, = |( 8 ) ( 0 .2 ) = 1.0667 ft/s
A2 = (16)(0.2) = 3.2 ft/s
A3 = i ( l 6 + 8)(0.l) = 1.2 ft/s
A4 = |(8 )(0 .1 ) = 0.4 ft/s
Velocities: v0 = 0
v0.2 = v0 + A + A 2 0.2 = 4.27 ft/s A

O-i OM
v 0.3 v0.2 + A 3 0.3 = 5.47 ft/s <
V0.4 = V0.3 + A 4 V0.4 = 5 -8 7 f t / s *
Sketch the v - t curve and divide its area into As, A^, and A7 as shown.
8dx = 0.8 - x = f Avdt or x = 0.8 - ^* v d t
A t / = 0.3 s, x03 = 0 .8 - As -(5.47)(0.1)
With /<5 = y (0 .4 )(0 .l) = 0.0267 ft, x0 3 = 0.227 ft <
At / = 0.2 s, *0.2 ft-8 (-^5 + Aft) ~ Ai
With Af + Af, = (l.6)(0.2) = 0.2133 ft,
and A7 = (4.27)(0.2) = 0.8533 ft
Xq2 = 0.8 - 0.2133 - 0.8533 x0 2 = -0.267 ft <

PROBLEM 11.81
nfcV) Two seconds are required to bring the piston rod of an air cylinder to rest;
4 U the acceleration record of the piston rod during the 2 s is as shown.
VO\ Determine by approximate means (a) the initial velocity of the piston rod,
(b) the distance traveled by the piston rod as it is brought to rest.
20
\
10
II
o*V os o n i n i !V 15 1T 20 t s1
SOLUTION
Approximate the a - I curve by a series of rectangles of height ah each with its centroid at t = When
equal widths of At = 0.25 s are used, the values of /, and a, are those shown in the first two columns of the
table below.
', ai 2 -t, * ,( 2 - 0
(s) {U S) (s ) (ft/s)
0.125 -3.215 1.875 -6.028

0.375 -1.915 1.625 -3.112
0.625 -1.125 1.375 -1.547
0.875 -0.675 1.125 -0.759
1.125 -0.390 0.875 -0.341
1.375 -0.205 0.625 -0.128
1.625 -0.095 0.375 -0.036
1.875 -0.030 0.125 -0.004
Z -7.650(ft/s2) - 1 1.955(ft/s)
At / = 2 s, v = v0 + jâdt a v0 + la , (A/)
a v0 + (S a / )(A/)
0 a v0 -(7.650)(0.25) v0 = 1.913 ft/s <
Using moment-area formula,
* = *o + V + , ( ' ti ) dt ~ xo + V + */(2 - t,)(At)

a j r 0 + V + (Ea(( 2 -f ,)) ( A /)
a 0 + (l.9 1 3 )(2 )-(ll.9 5 5 )(0 .2 5 ) x = 0.836 ft A

PROBLEM 11.82
The acceleration record shown was obtained during the speed trials of a
sports car. Knowing that the car starts from rest, determine by
approximate means (a) the velocity of the car at t = 8 s, (b) the distance
the car traveled at t = 20 s.
SOLUTION
Approximate the a - I curve by a series of rectangles of height a,, each with its centroid at t = When
equal widths of A/ = 2 s are used, the values of /, and a, are those shown in the first two columns of table
below.
t, a, 2 0 - /,. a, ( 2 0 - / , )
(s) (s) (ft/s)

K )
1 17.58 19 334.0
3 13.41 17 228.0
5 10.14 15 152.1
7 7.74 13 100.6
9 6.18 11 68.0
11 5.13 9 46.2
13 4.26 7 29.8
15 3.69 5 18.5
17 3.30 3 9.9
19 3.00 1 3.0
Z 990.1 (ft/s)
(a) At / = 8 s, vg = v0 + fcadt 0 + la , (A/)
(lfl,)(A r)
Since t = 8 s, only the first four values in the second column are summed:
la , = 17.58 + 13.41 + 10.14 + 7.74 = 48.87 ft/s2
vg = (48.87)(2) v8 = 97.7 ft/s <
(b) At I = 20 s, jc20 = vr + a (2 0 - t)dt = 0 + la , (20 - t)(At)
= (990.1)(2) x20 = 1980 ft 4

PROBLEM 11.83
A training airplane has a velocity of 32 m/s when it lands on an aircraft

carrier. As the arresting gear of the carrier brings the airplane to rest, the
velocity and the acceleration of the airplane are recorded; the results are
shown (solid curve) in the figure. Determine by approximate means
(a) the time required for the airplane to come to rest, (b) the distance
i traveled in that time.
SOLUTION
The given curve is approximated by a series of uniformly accelerated motions.
- Ct ( m o /s M
l5 H L
II -S
f
!
i8
r i 3
-4- I -E - tC s 'i
S lo 15 2o 25 Jo i?
For uniformly accelerated motion,
2 2 - , / \ . V2 - V,
v2 - v, = 2a(x2 - x,) or Ax = L
2a
v2 - v, = a(t2 - f|) or At = v2 ~ vi
For the regions shown above,
Region V| (m/s) v2 (m/s) a(m /s2j Ax(m) A/(s)
1 32 30 -3 20.67 0.667
2 30 25 -8 17.19 0.625
3 25 20 -11.5 9.78 0.435
4 20 10 -13 11.54 0.769
5 10 0 -14.5 3.45 0.690
I 62.63 3.186
() t = I(A /) = 3.19 s <
(b) Assuming x0 = 0, x = Xq + E(Ax) = 62.6 m A

SOLUTION
Use a = v-~ noting that ~ = slope of the given curve.
Slope is calculated by drawing a tangent line at the required point, and using two points on this line to
determine Ax and Av. Then, = .
dx Ax
(a) When x = 0.25,
v = 1.4 m/s from the curve
Av = 1 m/s and Ax = 0.25 m from the tangent line
= =4s' a = (l.4 )(4 ) a = 5.6 m/s: A

d x ' 2.5 ~ S
(b) When v = 2.0 m/s, x = 0.5 m from the curve.
Av = 1 m/s and Ax = 0.6 m from the tangent line.
= = 1.667 s"1, a = (2)(l.667) a = 3.33 m/s2 A

dx 0.6
PROBLEM 11.85
Using the method of Sec. 11.8, derive the formula x = x0 + v0f + ^ a t 2
for the position coordinate of a particle in uniformly accelerated

rectilinear motion.
SOLUTION
The a - t curve for uniformly accelerated motion is shown. The area of the rectangle is
A = at.
- 1
Its centroid lies at t =
2
By moment-area formula,
f \ N
X = X0 + v0 + A (t - t ) = * 0 + V + (a t) t
v2 ,
1 2
= x0 + v + - a t
PROBLEM 11.86
Using the method of Sec. 11.8, determine the position o f the particle of
Prob. 11.61 when t = 12 s.
SOLUTION
t on
to iz m
-H
From the a - 1 curve, Ax = (-4 )(6 ) = -2 4 ft/s
A2 = (4)(2) = 8 ft/s
Over 6 s < / < 10 s, v = -8 ft/s
v = v0 + Au or - 8 = v0 - 24, or v0 = 16 ft/s
xi = xo + vol + moment of shaded area about t = 12 s
2
xl 2 = 0 + (16)(12) + (-24)(12 - 3) + (8)(12 - 11) x12 = -1 6 ft 4

PROBLEM 11.87
An automobile begins a braking test with a velocity of 30 m/s at / = 0 and

~ comes to a stop at / = /, with the acceleration record shown. Knowing
that the area under the a - t curve from / = 0 to / = T is a semiparabolic
area, use the method of Sec. 11.8 to determine the distance traveled by
the automobile before coming to a stop if (a) T = 0.2 s, (b) T = 0.8 s.
SOLUTION
(a) T = 0.2 s.
a (>/&*)
A, = (-8.4)(0.2) = -1.12 m/s
A2 = (-8.4)(/, - 0.2)
= -8.4/, + 1.68
Vj- = v0 + /l
0 = 3 0 - 1 .1 2 - 8 .4 /, +1.68
/, = 3.638 s
A-, = -28.88 m/s
/, - T = 3.438 s
By moment-area formula, x, = x0 + v0/, + moment of area
x, = 0 + (30)(3.638) + (-1.12) g ( . 2 ) + 3.438) + ( - 2 8 .8 8 ) [ i i '
x, = 55.6 m A
(6) T = 0.8 s.
A, = |( - 8 .4 ) ( 0 .8 ) = -4.48 m/s,
A2 = ( 8.4)(/, - 0.8) = -8.4/, + 6.72
Vy = v0 + LA or 0 = 30 4.48 - 8.4/, + 6.72, /, - 3.838 s
/, - T = 3.038 s A2 = -25.52 m/s
x, = 0 + (30)(3.838) + (-4.48) ^(0.8) + 3.038 ( - ...( ( M i)
x, = 61.4 m A
PROBLEM 11.88
For the particle of Prob. 11.63, draw the a - 1 curve and determine, using
the method of Sec. 11.8, (a) the position of the particle when
t = 52 s, (b) the maximum value of its position coordinate.
SOLUTION
Construct the a - 1 curve. a = slope of v - 1 curve.
0 < t < 10 s, At = 10 s, Av = 0, Av = n0
a =
At
Av o
10 s < t < 26 s, At = 16 s, Av = -80 m/s, a - = -5 m/s
At
26 s < t < 41 s, At = 15 s, Av = 0, AV = A
a = 0
At
Av 2
41 s < t < 46 s, At = 5 s, Av = 15 m/s, a = = 3 m/s
At
46 s < t < 52 s, At = 6 s, Av = 0, a =0
O - i r n / s * -)
S /p f/s
1 t t
HI J 45 S
a ,\ 4 s.s
-S ~
Ax - Av = -80 m/s
A2 - Av - 15 m/s
(a) x at t = 52 s.
x = *o + v0f + I 4 ( f - f,)
= -540 + (60)(52) + (-80)(52 - 18) + 15(52 - 43.5) -12.5 m <
(b) Calculation of xmax.
10 1
W - k f r y
'>7 / -v
v = v0 + A3 - 0
60 - 5(fj - 10) = 0
- 10 = 12 s, tx - 22 s
+ = 16 s, A = -6 0 m/s
*max = * 0 + V + A
= -540 + (60)(22) + (-60)(22 - 16)

PROBLEM 11.89
The motion of a particle is defined by the equations
x = 17.6 - 0.8t(t2 - 9 1 + 24) and y - -13.8 + 0,6f(Y2 - 9 1 + 24), where
x and y are expressed in feet and t is expressed in seconds. Show that the
path of the particle is a portion of a straight line, and determine the
velocity and acceleration when (a)t = 2 s, ( b ) t - 3 s, (c) t = 4 s.
SOLUTION
Let u = t ( t 2 - 9 1 + 24] = t3 - 912 + 24t
Then, = 3t2 - 18f + 24, and ^ 4 - 6/-18

dt dt2
x = 17.6 - 0.8m ft y = -13.8 +0.6m ft
* = - 0.8 * = + 0. 6
dt dt dx dt
= dL = = -0.75 = constant
dx 0.8
Since does not change, the path is straight.

dx
(a) At t = 2 s, = 0, and ^ 4 = _6.

w dt dt2
v, = f - (-0.8)(0) = 0, v, = ^ = (0.6)(0) - 0
,2
fljc = - = (-0 .8 )(-6 ) = 4.8 ft/s2, ay = (0 .6 )(-6 ) = -3.6 ft/s2
v = 0, a = 6.0 ft/s2 ^ 36.9
. du , d u
(b) At t = 3 s, = -3, and j- = 0
dt dt1
vx = (-0 .8 )(-3 ) = 2.4 ft/s, vy - (0.6)(-3) = -1.8 ft/s
ax = 0, ay = 0
v = 3.0 ft/s ^ 3 6 .9 , a - 0
, . i du , d 2u ,
(c) Att - 4 s, - 0, and T= 6
dt dt2
v* = 0 , vy = 0,
ax - (-0.8)(6) = -4.8 ft/s2, = (0.6)(6) = 3.6 ft/s2
v = 0, a = 6.0 ft/s2 3 6 . 9 ^ <

PROBLEM 11.90

x = (4 cos nt - 2)1(2 - cos nt) and y - 3 sin nt 1(2 - cos nt), where x
and y are expressed in feet and t is expressed in seconds. Show that the
path of the particle is part of the ellipse shown, and determine the
velocity when (a) t = 0, (b) t = 1/3 s, (c)t= 1 s.
SOLUTION
Substitute the given expressions for x and y into the given equation of the ellipse, and note that the equation is
satisfied.
x 2 v2 il6cos2;r? - 16cos;rf + 4) 9 sin2nt

+ 2 = 3 L+ _
4 3 4(2 - cos^-r) 3(2 - cos-m )
4cos nt - 4cos^r + 1 + 3sin* nt 4 - 4cos/zt + cos1nt
(2 - cos nt) (2 - COS n t ) '
Calculate x and y by differentiation.
. -An sin nt (4 cos nt - 2 )(^ sin nt) _ -6nsw .nt

(2 - cos nt) (2 - cos^-r)2 (2 - cos n t)'
3n cos nt 'ism.ntinstn.nt) 3n)2cosnt - l)
(2-cos;rt) (2 - cos;rt) (2 - cos nt)'
(a) When t = 0 s, x =0 and y = 3n, v - 9.42 ft/s | A
-6n ( # ) _
(b) When t = s, x - -n - v 3, y 0 v = 7.26 ft/s - ^
3
(2 - 4 )
A , 3n(-3)
(c) When t = 1 s, x =0 and y = = -n, v = 3.14 ft/s { A
(3)
PROBLEM 11.91

x = (/ - 4)3/ 6^ + t2 and y = (t3/ 6) - (t - l)2 / 4, where x and y are
expressed in meters and t is expressed in seconds. Determine (a) the
magnitude o f the smallest velocity reached by the particle, (b) the
corresponding time, position, and direction o f the velocity.
SOLUTION
1 / . *\3 . ,2
(a) Given: x = -6 ( t - 4 y + t and
6 4
By differentiation,
dx - I ,
vx -
~dt 2
dy 1
vy -1 r 2 - - 1t + -1
dt ~ 2 2 2 2 2
dvx dv,y _ t _ i
=t - 2 and
dt dt
Magnitude of velocity is 3 + v y2
- f t
Note that v is minimum when v is minimum.
v2 = v2
x + v2
y
Differentiating and setting equal to zero,
, dv dvr dv
2v = 2vr + 2vv = 0
dt x dt y dt
2 1 1
(<2 - < + 1 6 )(> -2 ) + vr 2 t + 2
-
2 f - 1.5t2 + 25.51 - 32.5 = 0
The only real root of the cubic equation is t = 1.757 s.
The corresponding values of vx and vy are
vx = ^ (l-7 5 7 )2 - 2(1.757) + 8 = 6.03 m/s
vy = \ ( ^ f - j ( l . 7 5 7 ) + | = 1.165 m/s
mn = J (6 .0 3 )2 +(1.165)2 vmin = 6.14 m/s <

!>) Time, position, and direction o f velocity.
t = 1.757 s A
x = i( l.7 5 7 4)3 + (1.757)2 x = 1.206 m A
y = 0.761 m A
^ = 6 (L757) 4 (L757 _1)2
tan<9 = ^L = = 0.1932, e = 10.9 ^ a

v 6.03
PROBLEM 11.92
The motion of a particle is defined by the equations x = 6/ - 3 sin t and

y = 6 - 3 cos t, where x and y are expressed in meters and t is expressed
in seconds. Sketch the path of the particle for the time interval
0 < t <, 271, and determine (a) the magnitudes of the smallest and largest
velocities reached by the particle, (6) the corresponding times, positions,
and directions of the velocities.
SOLUTION
Sketch the path of the particle, i.e. plot ofy versus x.

Using x = 6/ - sinr, and y = 6 - 3cosr obtain the values in the table below. Plot as shown.
'(* ) x(m ) y(m )
0 0 3
71
6.42 6
2
71 18.85 9
3 31.27 6
2
2 71 37.70 3
JC * 1
(a) Differentiate with respect to t to obtain velocity components.
v = = 6 - 3cos/ and v., = 3sin/

x dt y
v2 = v2 + v2 = (6 - 3cos/)~ + 9sin2/ = 45 - 36cos/(m /s)'
d(v)~
L -2 -= 3 6 s in /= 0 / = 0, n, 2n, ... N n
dt
When / = 2Nn, cos / = 1, and v2 is minimum.
When / = (2N + l)/r, cost = -1, and v2 is maximum.
(v2) = 45 - 36 = 9 (m/s)2, vmin = 3 m/s 4

' 'm in
(v 2 ) - 45 + 36 = 81 (m/s), v max = 9 m/s A

V -'max
(b) When v = VKmin>

t - 2 n N s, A
Where N - 0, 1, 2,.
x - 6(2 n N ) - 3sin(2îV) x = \2n~N m A
y = 6 - 3cos(2Â^) }' = 3 m ^
vx = 6 - 3cos(2;rAf) vr = 3 m/s A
vy = 3sin(2^yV) vy =0 A
tan 0 = = 0, 0 = 0A
vv
When v V
Kmax>
t = (2N + l ) x s A
x = 6[2^(7V - 1)] - 3sin[2;r(Ar + l)] x = \ 2 ti( N + \)
y = 6 - 3 c o s [ 2 ;r ( W + l)] y = 9m ^
vx = 6 - 3cos[2;r(Ar + l)] vx = 9 m/s A
vy = 3sin[2/r(./V + l)] v = 0 A
tan# = = 0, 0 = 0A
vv
PROBLEM 11.93
The motion of a particle is defined by the position vector

r = yf(cost + t sin ?)i + (sin t - t cos t)\, where ? is expressed in
seconds. Determine the values of ? for which the position vector and the
acceleration vector are (a) perpendicular, (6) parallel.
SOLUTION
Given: r = ^4(cos? + ?sin?)i + A{saxt - ?cos?)j
\ =Y = ^ (- s in ? + sin? + ?cos?)i + A(cost - cost + ts in t)j
- ^ (rc o s t)i + A (tsin t)j
a= - Accost - ?sin?)i + /l(sin? + ?cos?) j ,
(a) When r and a are perpendicular, r a = 0
vf[(cos? + ?sin?)i + (sin? - ?cos?) j] A [(cos? - ?sin?)i + (sin? + ?cos?) j = 0
(cos? + ?sin?)(cos? - ?sin?) + (sin? - ?cos?)(sin? + ?cos?) = 0
(cos2 ? - ?2 sin2 ?j + (sin2 ? - ?2 cos2 ? = 0
1 - ?2 = 0 ? = 1s A
2
(b) When r and a are parallel, r x a = 0
. (cos? + ?sin?)i + (sin? - ?cos?)j j x ..'"(cos? - ?sin?)i + (sin? + ?cos?)j =
((cos? + ?sin?)(sin? + ?cos?) - (sin? - ?cos?)(cos? - ?sin?)J = 0
. in?cos? + ?sin2? + ?cos2? 4- ?2sin?cos?j - (sin?cos? - ?cos2? - ?sinz ? + ?2sin?cos?| = 0
2? = 0 ?= 0 <
PROBLEM 11.94
The damped motion of a vibrating particle is defined by the position

vector r = x , [ l - l / ( / + l ) ] i + (y\e~m ' 2 cos 2n tj j, where t is expressed
in seconds. For xx - 30 in. and y x = 20 in., determine the position, the

velocity, and the acceleration of the particle when (a) / = 0,
(b) t = 1.5 s.
SOLUTION
Given: r = 30 1 - i + 20: e ntl2 cos 2^/ j
t +l
Differentiating to obtain v and a,
* = in
v = 30 + 20 ~ ~ e ntil cos2nt - 2ne r ! sin 2nt |j
dt (t + i y
i - 20n 2 0/2 | 1 cos 2nt + 2 sin 2nt

(r +1)
ft ,-KtH cos 2nt + 2 sin 2nt + e *r/2(-7Tsin 2nt + 4n c o s2 n t)j

= -3 0 - - Ti - 20n
dt (/ + !) 2 2
I0n2e^,/2
~ 6 0 _ ii _- t O r 1 --* * 12 (4 sin2nt - 7.5cos2/r/)j
(f + 1)3
f iN
(ia) At / = 0, r = 30 1 - i + 20(1) j r = 20 in. ( 4
v 1/
v = 30 11i - 207T 0)- +0 v = 43.4 in./s ^ 46.3 4

2
60.
a = - j- i - 10^r2 (l)(0 - 7.5) j a = 743 in./s2 7 ^ 85.4 4
(b) At t = 1.5 s, r = 30 1 - i + 20e '25/r cos 3ttj

2.5
= (18 in.)i + (-1.8956 in.)j r = 18.10 in. ^ 6.0 4
= y i - 20ne~OJ5* f cos3n + 0 j j
( . )
2 5 U r
= (4.80 in./s)i + (2.9778 in./s) j v = 5.65 in./s ^ 31.8 4
60 .
a = i + 10;r2e~ 5;r(0 - 7.5cos3/r)j
(2-5)
= (-3.84 in./s2)i + ( 70.1582 in./s2) j a = 70.3 in./s2 ^ 86.9 4

PROBLEM 11.95
The three-dimensional motion of a particle is defined by the position

vector r = (Rt cos cont)i + ct j + (Rt sin cont)k. Determine the
magnitudes of the velocity and acceleration of the particle. (The space
curve described by the particle is a conic helix).
SOLUTION
Given: r - (Rt coscont)i + ct\ + sin<yt)k
Differentiating to obtain v and a.
v = = R (cos cont - a>ntsma>nt)i + cj + i?(sine;t + contcoscont) k
a = = R(-a>n sincont - consincont - a>n2tcoscont)i + R (a>coscont + concoscont - cotsmo)nt \ k

dt ' v '
- -2consincont - ton2tcoscont ji + (2concoscont - a>n2tsma>nt ) k
Magnitudes of v and a.
2 2 2 2
V P V + vy + V
= j R(coscot - coytsin (OJ~\ + ( c f + [/?(sin<yt + contcoscont) ]2
= R 2 [ cos2 mnt - 2mnt svo (Dnt cos mnt + (o2nt 2 sin' + c2
+ R 21sin2 cont + 2a)nt sin a>t cos <ont + co2t2 cos2 cont J
= R 2(l + a>lt21 + c2 v = -Jr 2( i + co2nt2^ + c2 A
a2 = a] + a 2 + a2
= R 2 j -2 a>n sincont - co2t cos contj + {2a>coscont - 2t sin n y j
= R 2\ 4co2 sin2 cont + 4co2nt sin cont cos <ont + co^t2 cos2 cont + 4 co2 cos2 cont
- 4co;t sin o>nt cos oont + co*t2 sin2 a>nt \
= R 2{4co2 + co4nt2) a = Rcon^ 4 + colt2 A

PROBLEM 11.96
The three-dimensional motion of a particle is defined by the position

vector r = ( /l/c o s /) i + Â^jr +1 j j + ( # /s in /) k , where r and / are
- -r ~ ~~z 1
expressed in feet and seconds, respectively. Show that the curve
described by the particle lies on the hyperboloid
( y / X f - ( x l A f - ( z / B ) ~ = 1. For A =3 and B = 1, determine
(a) the magnitudes of the velocity and acceleration when / = 0, (b) the
smallest nonzero value of / for which the position vector and the velocity
vector are perpendicular to each other.
SOLUTION
Given: r = (zl/cos/)i + ^ A \lr + 1jj + (5 /s in /)k from which
x = Atcost, y = A\lt2 + 1, z = 5 /sin /
x . z 7
cos / = sin / = /* = -1
At Bt KA
.2 I X_
cos2 / + sin2 / = != > ! I + U ]
AXt)) r * kb)
2 / Z
x2
Then, 2 J
( A
B I A, I
For A = 3 and B = 1, = (3/cos/)i + 13V/2 + 1jj + (/s in /)k

dr
v = = 3(cos/ - /sin /)i + 3 , 1 j + (sin/ + /co s/)k
dt yjt2 + 1
a = = 3 (-2 sin / - /co s/)i + 3----- - - j + (2cos/ - /s in /)k

dt (/2 + l) 2
At / = 0, v = 3(1 - 0)i + (0) j + (0)k = 3 ft/s <
And a = 3 (0 )i + 3(1 )j + (2 - 0)h
Then, a2 = (3 )' + (2 )' = 13 = 3.61 ft/s2
(b) If r and v are perpendicular, r v = 0
(3/cos/)[3(cos/ - /sin /)] + llylt2 + 1j ^ + ( /s in /) ( s in /+ /co s/) = 0

V / d t2 + 1
or ^9/cos2/ - 9/2 sin/cos/) + (9/) + (/sin2/ + r s in /c o s /) = 0

With t * 0, 9cos2t - 8f sin t cost + 9 + sin21 = 0
10 - 8tsintcost + 8cos2t = 0
or 7 + 2cos2t - 2tsin2t = 0
The smallest root is I t - 7.631 s t = 3.82 s <

The next root is t = 4.38 s
PROBLEM 11.97
A baseball pitching machine throws baseballs with a horizontal

TIJim
* velocity v0 . Knowing that height h varies between 788 mm and
i
1068 mm, determine (a) the range of values o f v0, (b) the values o f a
corresponding to h = 788 mm and h = 1068 mm.
SOLUTION
(a) Vertical motion: y 0 = 1.5 m, (vy )o = 0
y = y , + (vy \ t - ^ g t or
2 (yo - h)
At point B, y =h or tB = J ---- -
(2)(1.5 - 0.788) . 0 3810.

When h = 788 mm = 0.788 m,
9.81
When h = 1068 mm = 1.068 m, 0.2968,

3 V 9.81
Horizontal motion: *0 = > ( vx)o = V0>
X Xf,
x = Vr.t or vn = =
t tD
12.2
With xB - 12.2 m, we get v0 = - 32.02 m/s
0.3810
12.2
and v0 = = 41.11 m/s
0.2968
32.02 m/s < v0 < 41.11 m/s or 115.3 km/h < vn 148.0 km/h A
(b) Vertical motion: vy = ( vy \ - S t = ~gt
Horizontal motion: Vx = V0
_ _<fy = (vy)B = gts_

ta n a =
dx i vx)B vo
( 1 ^ 0 3 8 1 0 ) =
For h = 0.788 m, a = 6.66 <
32.02
^ . (9.81)(0.2968) , Q
For h = 1.068 m, a = 4.05 <
41.11
PROBLEM 11.98
While delivering newspapers, a girl throws a paper with a horizontal

velocity v0. Determine the range of values of v0 if the newspaper is to
land between points B and C.
----- 11a -----J
SOLUTION
Sketch the limiting trajectories.
Point A: x = x0 = 0
y = y0 = 0
Point B: xB = 2.2 m
y B = -1.0 m
Point C: xc = 4.0 m
y c = -0.6 m
-2 y
Vertical motion with =0: y = y0 + (vy)of - g t2 or / = (1 )
g
Horizontal motion with (yt )0 = v0: x = vtf or v0 = (2 )
g
Substituting equation (1) into equation (2) gives Vn = x (3)
-2y
Applying equation (3):
9.81
at point B, v0 = 2.2 = 4.87 m/s
(2) (I -0)
I 9 l\
at point C, v0 = 4.0 = 11.44 m/s
(- 2) (0-6)
Range of v0: 4.87 m/s < v0 < 11.44 m/s ^

PROBLEM 11.99
A ski jumper starts with a horizontal take-off velocity of 80 ft/s and lands
on a straight landing hill inclined at 30. Determine (a) the time between
take-off and landing, (b) the length d of the jump, (c) the maximum
vertical distance between the jumper and the landing hill.
SOLUTION
(a) At the landing point, y - - x tan 30
Horizontal motion: * = *0 + (vx)</ = V
Vertical motion: y = y 0 + (vy )0t - \ g t 2 ~ ~ \ g t 2
_ 2y _ 2xtan30 _ 2v0ttan30
from which
g g g
2v0 tan 30 (2)(80)tan30

Rejecting the / = 0 solution gives t = 2.87 s A
' = g 32.2
y (80)(2.87)
(b) Landing distance: d = 265 ft A
cos30 cos30 cos30
(c) Vertical distance: h = x tan 30 + y
1 9
or h - v0ttan30 - gt
Differentiating and setting equal to zero,
dt g
, _ (v0)(v0 tan30o)tan30 1 v0 tan 30 2

Then, max ~ tT g
g 2 g
Vp tan2 30 (80)2(tan30)2
/ W = 33.1 ft A
2-g (2)(32.2)
PROBLEM 11.100
A golfer aims his shot to clear the top of a tree by a distance h at the peak
of the trajectory and to miss the pond on the opposite side. Knowing that
the magnitude of v0 is 85 ft/s, determine the range o f values o f h which
must be avoided.
SOLUTION
X
Horizontal motion: *0 + ( v*)</ = V - or t =
gx
Vertical motion: y = To + ( v y ) ^ - ^ g t 2 = T o- \ & 2 or y=yo
2v02
gx
At ground level, y = 0, so that y0 -
2vl
_ (32.2)(150)2 _
A tx = 150 ft, 2' = 5 0 ' 14ft
(2)(85)2
h = y 0 - 40 = 10.14 ft
(32.2)(160)2
A tx = 160 ft, / ,2 = 57.05 ft
(2 )(8 5 r
h = y 0 - 40 = 17.05 ft
Range to avoid: 10.14 ft < h < 17.05 ft A

PROBLEM 11.101
A golfer hits a golf ball with an initial velocity of 48 m/s at an angle of

25 with the horizontal. Knowing that the fairway slopes downward at an
average angle of 5, determine the distance d between the golfer and
point B where the ball first lands.
SOLUTION
Horizontal motion: x = xA + v 0 cos 25/ - v0 cos 25/
At point B, xB = d cos5 = v0cos25/s
1 2 1 2
Vertical motion: y = y 0 + v0 sin 25/ - gt = v0 sm 25r - gt
( 1 A
y B = -c/sin5 = v0sm 2 5 gtB
V 2
v <?in5 (vnsin25 - ^ g to ] tR \
Ratio: = ------------ = or - v 0cos25ta n 5 = v0 sin25 - -gtB
xB cos 5 v0 cos 25% 2
or i^/L(cos25tan5 + sin25) = - ( cos25tan5 + sin25) = 4.912 s

? V 1 9.81 V '
j _ xb _ Vqcos25rfi _ (48)(cos25)(4.y]zi J = 215m ^

Then,
cos 5 cos 5 cos 5
PROBLEM 11.102
Water flows from a drain spout with an initial velocity of 0.76 m/s at an
| angle of 15 with the horizontal. Determine the range of values of the
distance d for which the water will enter the trough BC.
3m
/ ------- | I o A S m
SOLUTION
Vertical motion: t \ 1 2
y = yo + (vo ) / - - g r
- & 2 - { v 0)y -{y<>- y ) = o
With y 0 = 3 m and y -= 0.36 m at level BC, y 0 - y = 2.64 m
(v0) t = -0.76sinl5 = -0.19670 m/s
Then, 4.905r + 0.19670r - 2.64 = 0
-0.19670 + J(0.19670)2 - (4)(4.905)(-2.64)

(2)(4.905)
Horizontal motion: x = (v0) I = (0.76cos 15)(0.7139) = 0.524 m
For water impact at C, xc = 0.524 ft with d = xc - 0.62 = -0.096 m
For water impact at B, xB = d = 0.524 m
So, -0.096 m < d < 0.524 m
Owing to the foot of the wall, d cannot be negative; hence, the allowable range of d is 0 < d < 0.524 m A
PROBLEM 11.103
In slow pitch softball the underhand pitch must reach a maximum height
aFPT of between 6 ft and 12 ft above the ground. A pitch is made with an initial
velocity v0 of magnitude 43 fit/s at an angle of 33 with the horizontal.
Determine (a) if the pitch meets the maximum height requirement, (b) the
height of the ball as it reaches the batter.
SOLUTION
v0 - 43 ft/s, a = 33, x0 = 0, y0 = 2 ft
Vertical motion: vy = v0s in a - gt
y = yo + (v 0s i n a ) r - | g t 2
v0s in a
At maximum height, vy = 0 or
g
f= 5131 = 07273 ,
() 32.2
^max - 2 + (43sin33)(0.7273) - i(32.2)(0.7273)2 ymax= 10.51 ft <
6 ft < 10.51 ft < 12 ft, yes A
( \ x - xn
Horizontal motion: x = x0 + (v0cos a ) t or t = -------
vncosa
At x = 50 ft, t x 50 -9.- = 1.386 s

43cos33
(b) Corresponding value of y: y = 2 + (43sin33)(l.386) - |(3 2 .2 )(l.3 8 6 )2
y te 3.52 ft <
PROBLEM 11.104
A tennis player serves the ball at a height h with an initial velocity of

-'p-'. 120 ft/s at an angle of 4 with the horizontal. Knowing that the ball
clears the 3-fit net by 6 in., determine (a) the height h, (b) the distance d
<-| from the net to where the ball will land.
SOLUTION
/ \ X - Xc
Horizontal motion: * = * 0 + (W or t = (v \
\ x)q
(vx)Q = 120cos4 = 119.71 ft/s, x0 = 0
At x = 40 ft, t = 40 " = 0.3341 s

119.71
Vertical motion: y = y 0 + (vy \ t - \ g t 2
(vy) - -1 2 0 sin4 = -8.371 ft/s and g = 32.2 ft/s2
(a) At the net, y = 3.5 ft and t - 0.3341 s
Jo = y + (vy)ot + g t 2 = 3.5 + (-8.37l)(0.334l) + l(3 2 .2 )(0 .3 3 4 l)2
y 0 = 8.09 ft 4
(b) At y = 0, j g r 2 - ( y y)ot - y 0 =
j( 3 2 .2 )t2 - (-8.371)/ - 8.094 = 0
-8 .3 7 1 + ^/(8.37l)2 -(4 )(l6 .l)(-8 .0 9 4 )

32.2
At t = 0.4952 s, jc = (119.71)(0.4952) = 59.29 ft
Then, d = x - 40 d - 19.29 ft 4
PROBLEM 11.105
A homeowner uses a snow blower to clear his driveway. Knowing that

f the snow is discharged at an average angle of 40 with the horizontal,
I" determine the initial speed v0 of the snow.
SOLUTION
Using a = 40 the horizontal and vertical motions are
x = (v0 cosar)f, and y = y 0 + (v0 s in a ) f - - g t 2,
or t = andj ^ gt'7
y = y 0 + x tan a -
vn cos a
2 _ 2(y0 + x ta n a - y )
From which
g
Using y 0 = 0.6 m, xB = 4.2 m, and y B = 1.1m
, 2 (0 .6 + 4 .2 ta n 4 0 - 1.1) , _ ,
tl = = 0.6166 s2
" 9.81
tB = 0.7852 s
From the horizontal motion,
4.2
Vn = vn = 6.98 m/s A
tco sa (0.7852cos40)
PROBLEM 11.106
A basketball player shoots when she is 5 m from the backboard. Knowing

that the ball has an initial velocity v0 at an angle of 30 with the
horizontal, determine the value of v0 when d is equal to (a) 228 mm,
(b) 430 mm.
SOLUTION
Horizontal motion: x = (vgcosa)/ or t

v0cos
1 2
Vertical motion: y = yo + V0s m a t--g t
y = y 0 + xtan a - j g t 2
2 = 2 (y0 + x tan or - y )
g
(a) When d = 228 mm = 0.228 m,
x = 5 - 0.228 = 4.772 m
2 2 (2 + 4.772 tan 30 - 3.048) -

t2 = -A 1 = 0.3480 s2
9.81
/ = 0.590 s
4.772
Vn = vn = 9.34 m/s 4
0.590 cos 30
(b) When d = 430 mm = 0.430 m,
x = 5 - 0.430 = 4.57 m
2 2(2 + 4 .5 7 ta n 3 0 -3.048) ,
t2 = = 0.3243 s2
9.81
t = 0.569 s
4.57
Vn = v0 = 9.27 m/s 4
0.569 cos 30
PROBLEM 11.107
The nozzle at A discharges cooling water with an initial velocity v0 at an

angle of 6 with the horizontal onto a grinding wheel 13.8 in. in
diameter. Determine the range of values of the initial velocity for which
the water will land on the grinding wheel between points B and C.
7 S in
SOLUTION
Choose the origin at the center of the grinding wheel, so that the horizontal and vertical motions are:
x - x0 = v0cosat, or v0 = -------- ,
tc o sa
And y ~ y 0 = v0 s i n a / - j g r = ( x - x 0)ta n a - ^ g t 2
r 2 2 [(ô - y ) + ( * - *o)tan ]
from which
g
Data: a = -6 jr0 = -0.75 in. y 0 = 8 in.
r = ^ d = ^-(13.8) = 6.9 in. g = 386.4 in./s2
(a) Stream lands at B. x = r sin 10 = 1.198 in.

y = r cos 10 = 6.795 in.
, 2 T 8 - 6.795 + (1 .1 9 8 + 0 .75)tan(-6)l ,
r = L V ' V /J - 0.005177 s2
386.4
t = 0.07195 s
1.198 - ( - 0 .7 5 ) ,
vn = --------------- ----- r = 27.22 in./s v0 = 2.27 ft/s <
0 0.07195 cos(-6)
(b) Stream lands at C. x - r cos 30 = 5.976 in.

y = r sin 30 = 3.45 in.
, 2 T 8 - 3.45 + (5.976 + 0.75)tan (-6 )! ,

r = L V 0.019892 s2
386.4
t = 0.14104 s
5.976 + 0.75 . .
Vn = --------------- ----- - = 47.95 in./s v0 = 4.00 ft/s <
0 0.14104 cos (-6)
PROBLEM 11.108
A ball is dropped onto a step at point A and rebounds with a velocity v0

at an angle of 15 with the vertical. Determine the value of v0 knowing
that just before the ball bounces at point B its velocity v B forms an angle
of 12 with the vertical.
SOLUTION
The horizontal and vertical components of velocity are
vx = v0 sin 15
v = v0cosl5 - gt
At point B,
v0sinl5 _ ^
v v0c o s l5 - g r
or v0sinl5 + v0 cos 15 tan 12 = g /ta n l2
0.46413v0 = g t ta n U 0
t = 2.1836
g
Vertical motion:
1 ,
y - y 0 = v0 cos 15t - gt
2
2.1836cos 15 - ^ g (2 .1 8 3 6 )2
ygy
= -0.27486
g
v02 = -3.638g(y - y 0) = - ( 3 .6 3 8 ) ( 3 2 .2 ) ^ - - - 0
= 78.10 ft2/ s2
vn = 8.84 ft/s M
PROBLEM 11.109
The conveyor belt, which forms an angle of 20 with the horizontal, is

used to load an airplane. Knowing that a worker tosses a package with an
initial velocity v0 at an angle of 45 so that its velocity is parallel to the
belt as it lands 1 m above the release point, determine (a) the magnitude
of v0, (b) the horizontal distance d.
SOLUTION
The horizontal and vertical components of velocity and position are
vr = v0cos45
v = v0 sin 45 - gt
x = v0cos45t
y = v0s i n 4 5 / - - g / 2
At landing on belt,
v gt
= tan 4 5 --------s ------ = tan 20
vv v0cos45
l = (ta n 45 - tan 20) cos 45-^- = 0.44974-^-

g g
y = v0sin45 0.44974 1 - ~ g ( 0.44974 1

g) 2 *{ g }
y = 0.21688
g
Vq = 4.6108gy = (4.6108)(9.81)(1.000) = 45.232 m: /s2
(a) v0 = 6.73 m/s A
(0.44974)(6.73)
9.81
(b) x = (6.73cos45)(0.3083) x = 1.466 m A

PROBLEM 11.110
s f , H Fy V jjp , ' A golfer hits a ball with an initial velocity of magnitude v0 at an angle a
(_ ._ ! n,_ | | 3___| with the horizontal. Knowing that the ball must clear the tops o f two trees
and land as close as possible to the flag, determine v0 and the distance d
when the golfer uses (a) a six-iron with a = 31, (b) a five-iron with
a = 21.
SOLUTION
The horizontal and vertical motions are

X
x = (v0c o sa )t or v0 = --------
tco sa
(1)
y = (v0s in a ) t - i gt2 = r t a n a - ~ g t2
2 2 (x ta n - y)
or (2)
8
At the landing point C: y, = 0, / = 2Sin2

g
, s, 2vninacosa
And xc = (v0c o s a jt - --------------- (3)
(a) a = 31
To clear tree A: x A = 30 m, y A = 12 m
= 2 ( 3 0 ta n 3 1 " -!2 ) = 1 2 2 g s l ^
From (2), t\
9.81
30
From (1), (v0) . = ------------------31.58 m/s
v ' A 1.1084cos31
To clear tree B : xB - 100 m, y B = 14 m
From (2), (t5 )2 _ 2(100tan31 - 1 2 ) = 9357s2, ,, 3.0652 .

9.81 B
From (1), (v0) = ------- ------ = 38.06 m/s

v 0,B 3.0652cos31
The larger value governs, v0 = 38.06 m/s v0 = 38.1 m/s 4
( 2 ) ( 3 W * J W . 3 .-
From (3),
9.81
T-*H
O
d = 20.4 m <
II
1
(,b) = 27
By a similar calculation, tA = 0.81846 s, (v0)^ = 41.138 m/s,
ig = 2.7447 s, (v0)s = 40.890 m/s,
v0 - 41.138 m/s = 41.1 m/s 4
xc = 139.56 m, f = 29.6 m 4
PROBLEM 11.111
A model rocket is launched from point A with an initial velocity v of 0
8 6 m/s. If the rockets descent parachute does not deploy and the rocket
lands 104 m from A, determine (a) the angle a that v forms with the 0
vertical, (b) the maximum height h reached by the rocket, (c) the duration
/ of the flight.
V
1 0 4 I II
SOLUTION
Given: v =
0 8 6 m/s, xA = 0 , y A = 0, xR = 104 ft, yH = 0
Horizontal motion: x = (v s in a )/
0 or t = ( )
1
v sin a 0
Vertical motion: Vy = v0cos a - gt
. 1 , (v cosar)x
0 gx2
y ~ ( v 0 cosar)/ gr = v . .
2 vo sin a 2 (v sin a )
0 2
a (v c o sa )x fl
0 gx2
At point B, \J - 2 * 2
v0sin a 2 v0 sin a
(a) 2 s in a c o s a = = sin a 2
vo
sin2o = (9'8 I)( 104) _ 0 . 1 3 7 9 4 l a = 7.93

( )- 8 6
a = 3.96 A
At maximum height, v,, = v()co sa - gt = 0
vn c o sa cos 13.46
8 6
t = ------- = ------------------= 8.746 s
g 9.81
( ) Then,
6 Tmax = (86cosl3.46)(8.746) - i(9 .8 l)(8 .7 4 6 )2 Tmax = 375 m A
xB 104
(c) From equation (1), tH = 17.51 s A
B v0sin a (86)(sin3.96)
PROBLEM 11.112
~~7_ The initial velocity v0 of a hockey puck is 170 km/h. Determine (a) the
largest value (less than 45) of the angle a for which the puck will enter
j. \ the net, (b) the corresponding time required for the puck to reach the net.
SOLUTION
Horizontal motion: = (v0cosa ) t or t -

v0cosa
Vertical motion: y = t(v0sin

a \) t - - 1g t -2
= x tan a -
2vq cos2 a
2
= x tana - - ^ - ( l + tan2 a j
2v0
2v2
tan" a ta n a + =0
g* )
Data: v0 = 170 km/h = 47.222 m/s, x = 4.8 m at point C,
y = 1.22 m at point C.
2vo _ (2)(47-222)
gx ' (9.81)(4.8)
2 ^ = (94.712)(l.22) =
gx2 4.8
() tan2 a - 9 4 . 7 1 2 a + 25.073 = 0
tan a = 0.26547 and 94.45
a = 14.869 or 89.4 a = 14.9 A
c 4.8
(b) t = t = 0.1052 s*^
v0co sa (47.222)cos 14.869
PROBLEM 11.113
* t v* il The pitcher in a softball game throws a ball with an initial velocity v0 of

Iz r - f ^ 40 mi/h at an angle a with the horizontal. If the height of the ball at
^ J point B is 2.2 ft, determine (a) the angle a , (b) the angle 0 that the
velocity of the ball at point B forms with the horizontal.
SOLUTION
Horizontal motion: x = (v0c o s a )t or t =

v0cosa
Vertical motion: y = To + (v0s in a )t
gx'
= y0 + x t a n a - -----
2Vo cos a
= y 0 + x ta n a - -^-j-fl + tan2 a)
2Vn v '
2 2Vq 2yo ( t ~ To)

from which tan" a -ta n a - +1 =0
gx gx
Data: v0 = 40 mi/h = 58.667 ft/s, y 0 = 2.0 ft, y = 2.2 ft, x = 50 ft
2vj = (2)(58 667)2 = 42755

gx (32.2)(50)
2vo ( t ~ To) (4.2755)(2.2 - 2.0)

gx2 50
tan2a - 4.2755tana + 1.01710 = 0
(a) Solving the quadratic equation, tan a = 4.0226 and 0.25285
a = 76.04 and 14.19 a = 14.19 <
v vfts i n a - g / gx
(b) tan 6* = - = 2---------- = - t a n a
v0cosa (v0c o s a )
= -0.25285 + ------(32'2)(5)---- j = 0.24483 0 = 13.76 <

(58.667 cos 14.19)
PROBLEM 11.114
A worker uses high-pressure water to clean the inside of a long drainpipe.

If the water is discharged with an initial velocity v0 of 35 ft/s, determine
(a) the distance d to the farthest point B on the top of the pipe that the
water can wash from his position at A, (b) the corresponding angle a.
SOLUTION
Vertical motion: ay = - g with vy = 0 at point B.
vy - M l = 2 a ( y - yo) or (vl o = 2 g ( y e ~ y )
( v / r = (2) (32.2) (3.6) = 231.84 ft2/s2 or (vy) = 15.226 ft/s
(v )
Vy = ( v j 0 - g t = or tB = ^ 20. = 0.47287 s
g
sin a = (vVly;
o ~ = 0.43504
v0 35
a = 25.79
Horizontal motion: x = (v0c o s a )/
(a) xB = (35 cos25.79)(0.47287) xB = 14.90 ft 4
(b) From above, a - 25.8 4

PROBLEM 11.115
A nozzle at A discharges water with an initial velocity of 12 m/s at an

j angle a with the horizontal. Determine (a) the distance d to the farthest
point B on the roof that the water can reach, (b) the corresponding
angle a. Check that the stream will clear the edge of the roof.
SOLUTION
Horizontal motion: x = (v0c o sa )/ or 1 =

v0cosa
1 1 2
Vertical motion: y = y0 + (v0s i n a ) f ---- gt2 = y 0 + x tan a - --------- j
2 2 ( V()COSa)
2
y = y 0 + x tan a - 1 + tan2ar)
2v v '
Let u = x ta n a so that y = y 0 + u ------j l x 2 + 2)

2v0 v
2y2
Solving for x 2: x 2 = - l u + y 0 - y ) - u2
g
The maximum value of x~2 is required: d (x2)

1 - - 0.
du
d l x 2) jv2 vz
^ - = - - 2 = 0 or u =
dU g g
(12)2
Data: v0 = 12 m/s2, y 0 = 1.2 m/s, yB = 6 m u = - = 14.6789 m
9.81
(*max)2 = ^ ^ - ( 1 4 - 6 7 8 9 + 1.2 - 6 )-(1 4 .6 7 8 9 )2 = 74.553 m2 xmax = 8.6344 m
(a) Maximum distance: d = xmax - 4.5 d = 4.13 m A

si*\
(b) a 1
Angle o r. * u - 14.6789 = 1.7000
ta n a = *maxtana! = -------
*max *max 8.6344
a = 59.535 a = 59.5 A
ox2
Check the edge. y = y0 + x tan a +
2(v0co sa)
2
= 1.2 + (4.5)(1.7000)------ (9-81)(4-5) ~2 y = 6.17 m A
2[l2cos59.535]
Since y > 6 m, the stream clears the edge.

PROBLEM 11.116
A projectile is launched from point A with an initial velocity v0 of

40 m/s at an angle a with the vertical. Determine (a) the distance d to
the farthest point B on the hill that the projectile can reach, (b) the
corresponding angle a, (c) the maximum height of the projectile above
the surface.
SOLUTION
Let P = 9 0 - a
Horizontal motion: x = (v0cos p ) t or t = -

v0 cos P
Vertical motion: y = (v0 sinp ) t - t2 = xtan p - gx2 sec2 p

2
At point B, y B = xB tan 30 = xB tan P - -j gx\ sec2 plvl
fy 2 2
Solving for xB, xB = ^-(tan /? - tan30)cos2/? = ^ -( s in /9 c o s /? - tan30cos2/?!
g g v 7
Differentiating with respect to f3 and setting equal to zero,
i j 2
JL 'i-icos2 p _ sjn2 p + 2 tan 30 cos P sin / i
dP g v
7 2
= ~ (c o s2 /? + tan 30 sin i p ) = 0
8
tan2/? = - c o t 30 - -a/3 or 2 p = -60 and 120
p = -30 and 60. Use p = 60.
Maximum values of xB and d.

. 2 2
(x*) = ^ - ( t a n 6 0 - tan30)cos2 60 = 0.57735-^-
8 8
d _ (Xs ) max _ 2 v 02 _ 2 (4 0 )2
(a) max ^ aq a 0 1 max = 108.7 m <
cos 30 3 g 3 9.81
(b) a = 90 - P - 90 - 60 a = 30 A
At the point of maximum height, the projectile path is parallel to the surface so that
v0sinyff-g? _
= tan 30 or = tan 30
v0 COS P
or t =^ ^ (ta n P - tan30) = . 0 5 7 7 3 5 ^.
g g
r \2
1
y = (v0 sin 0 ) 0.57735- 0.57735
g J 2 v gj
1 Vn 1 (<
54.366 m
3 g 3 9.81
/ \
x = (vqCos/7) 0.57735 = 0.288675-2-

v S'y g
(0.288675)(40) _
= 47.083 m
9.81
(c) hmax= y - x tan 30 = 54.366 - 47.083 tan30 Iax - 27.2 m <

PROBLEM 11.117
- n n At an intersection car /I is traveling south with a velocity of 40 km/h
A when it is struck by car B traveling 30 north of east with a velocity of
50 km/h. Determine the relative velocity of car B with respect to car A.
< & '

50 1
0> km/li
SOLUTION
VS = + \ B/A
V BM = V + y A
^ = v f l + ( - v /f)
. Sketch vector addition on a diagram as shown.
Law of cosines:
J/ .
v bia = vb + va - 2 vb va cos 120
= 502 + 402 - (2)(50)(40)cosl20
= 6100(km/h)2
/ o * - ^ V *
VB/A = ^8.1 *C m ^ 1
sin a sin 120

Law of sines: r -
-j = i
--------- 1
N | VB m |
40 sin 120
sin a = 0.44353
------------------------- =
78.1
a = 26.3, a + 30 = 56.3
y B,A = 78.1 km/h ^ 5 6 .3 <

PROBLEM 11.118
Small wheels attached to the ends of rod AB roll along two surfaces.
Knowing that at the instant shown the velocity v ,( o f wheel A is 1.5 m/s
to the right and the relative velocity \ WA of wheel B with respect to
wheel A is perpendicular to rod AB, determine (a) the relative velocity
\ WA, (b) the velocity \ H of wheel B.
SOLUTION
First solve geometry triangle ABC.

. . sin B sin 120
^ ÔO mw, Law of sines: = ----------
500 800
.<* \2s> \
\ \ c sin B = sin 120 = 0.54127
800
V P = 32.77
g Law of angles: a + P + 120 = 180
a = 60 - p = 27.23
Now \ B = \ A + y B/A
Va
Sketch the vector addition triangle.
\ QO W -cL /
90 - a = 62.77
9 + 60 + 90 - a = 180
.. \ / V B/^ e = 180 - 60 - 62.77 = 57.23
6 \ /
\ A / . sin60 sin#
\ ^ / Law o f sines: ---------= -------
1 Vria Va
. . v,sin60 1.5sin60
() vbia = - = . = 1-545 m/s
sin# sin 57.23
\ B/A = 1.545 m/s 62.77 <
sin(90 - a ) sin#
Law of sines: ---- 1--------- - --------
VB VA
v/<sin(90o - a ) 1.5sin62.77 , co, ,
(b) Vr> = ---- ---------- - = --------------- = 1.586 m/s
sin# sin 57.23
vs = 1.586 m/s 'N 60 M
PROBLEM 11.119
As slider block A moves downward at a speed of 1.6 ft/s, the velocity

with respect to A of the portion of belt B between the idler pulleys C and
D is \ CD/A = 6.4 ft/s 9. Determine the velocity of portion CD of the
belt when (a) 6 = 45, (b) 6 = 60.
SOLUTION
V CD ~ V /( + V COM
Sketch the vector addition triangle. It need not be to scale.

a = 65 - 9
By law of cosines:
VCD = VA + VCD/A - 2 v AVCD!A C O S
sin p _ sin o r
By law of sines:
VA VCD/A
. v .s in a
sm p = -------
VCD/A
Finally, r - 9 - p
(a) 9 = 45, a = 65 - 45 = 20
vcd = O-6)2 + (6-4 )2 - (2)(l.6)(6.4)cos20 = 24.275 ft2/s2
vCD = 4.927 ft/s
sin P = 1-6sin20 = 0.1H07, P = 6.4

4.927
y 45 4.9 = 38.6, \ B = 4.93 ft/s ^ 38.6 <
(b) 9 = 60, a = 65 - 60 = 5
vcd = 0 -6 )2 + (6.4)2 - (2)(l.6)(6.4)cos5 = 23.118 ft2/s2
vcd = 4.808 ft/s
sin p = 1,6sm5 = 0.02900, P = 1.7

4.808
y = 6 0 -1 .7 = 58.3, vd = 4.81 ft/s ^ 58.3 <
PROBLEM 11.120
Shore-based radar indicates that a ferry leaves its slip with a velocity
v = 10 knots 7 ^ 65, while instruments aboard the ferry indicate a speed
of 10.4 knots and a heading of 35 west of south relative to the river.
Determine the velocity of the river.
M r
SOLUTION
The given velocity vectors are:
y F = 10 knots T 65
1 F IR
= 10.4 knots A 35
\ F - y R + \ F/R - y F/R + y R
Construct the velocity addition triangle as shown. By law of cosines:
V R = VF + V F IR ~ ^ V F V R /F COS 1 0
= 102 + 1 0 .4 2 - ( 2 ) ( 1 0 ) ( 1 0 . 4 ) c o s 10
= 3.320 knots2
vR = 1.822 knots
sin a sin 10
By law of sines:
F IR
or sin a = vF 8 in iy = 10stnl0 = 0.95302, a = 72.37

VF IR
1.822
7 2 .3 7 -5 5 = 17.37
y R = 1.822 knots ^ 17.37 <
or 1.822 knots at 17.37 south of east

PROBLEM 11.121
The velocities of commuter trains A and B are as shown. Knowing that

the speed of each train is constant and that B reaches the crossing 10 min
after A passed through the same crossing, determine (a) the relative
velocity of B with respect to A, (b) the distance between the fronts of the
engines 3 min after A passed through the crossing.
SOLUTION
B ~ y A + y B IA
Sketch the vector addition as shown in the velocity diagram.

By law of cosines:
v b/a = va + vb -2 v ^ v flcosl55
= 802 + 602 -(2 )(8 0 )(6 0 )c o sl5 5
= 18.7005 x 103(km/h)2
vB/A = 136.7 km/h
sin a sin 155

o Law of sines:
B V B IA
60 sin 155 ntoCA^

s m a = ---------------= 0.18543
136.7
a = 10.69
(a) y B /A = 136.7 km/h 10.69 <
Determine positions relative to the crossing.
r., = v ,/ = 80 = 4 km
A 60
r B =M o + y B t = 60( ^ ] / +60f ^ ] / = 7 km P7 25
r B ~ r A + r B /A Sketch the vector addition as shown.
By law of cosines :
rL = rA + rl - 2rArR cos 25
= 42 + 72 - (2)(4)(7)cos25 = 14.25 km2
(b) d = r,B / A d = 3.77 km A

PROBLEM 11.122
Airplanes A and B are flying at the same altitude and are tracking the eye
of hurricane C. The relative velocity of C with respect to A is
rCIA = 470 km/h T7 75, and the relative velocity o f C with respect to B
is vc/B = 520 km/h ^ 40. Determine (a) the relative velocity of B with
respect to A, (b) the velocity of A if ground-based radar indicates that the
hurricane is moving at a speed of 48 km/h due north, (c) the change in
position of C with respect to B during a 15-min interval.
SOLUTION
Begin with vc = + \ OA and vc = vfl + vc/B
Subtracting 0= + \ aA - \ B - \ C/B = + \ CIA - \ aB
o r y B/A = ~ y AJB = y CIA + ( _ V C /fl) = ~ y C/B + V C/A
Sketch the vector addition as shown. By law of cosines:
VB/A = VC/A + VB/A - 2 vC/Av B/A COS 65
= 4702 + 5202 - (2)(470)(520)cos65

Va/A
= 284.72 x l O 3 (km/h)2
vB/A = 533.6 km/h
sin or sin 65
Law of sines:
C/B B/A
520sin65
sin a = --------------= 0.88322
533.6
a = 62.03, 7 5 - a = 12.97
(a) \ BIA = 534 km/h T7 12.97 A
Vr = V . + V,CIA or v , = y r + ( VC/jf)
Sketch the vector addition as shown.
Law of cosines: vA= v + v^/A - 2vc vc/A cos(l80 - 15)
v 2a = 482 + 4702 - (2)(48)(470)cosl65 = 266.79 x 103(km/h)2
vA = 516.5 km/h
sin p sin 165

Law of sines:
VC ! A y A
. _ 470 sin 165

or sin P = = 0.23551
516.5
p = 13.62 90 - 13.62 - 76.4
(b) \ A = 517 km/h ^ 76.4 <
15
(c) rc/B = W = (520) rc/B = 130 km 40 A
60
PROBLEM 11.123
Slider block B starts from rest and moves to the right with a constant
acceleration of 300 mm/s2. Determine (a) the relative acceleration of
portion C of the cable with respect to slider block A, (b) the velocity of
portion C of the cable after 2 s.
SOLUTION
Let d be the distance between the left and right supports.
Constraint of entire cable: xB + [xB - x A) + 2 (d - x A) = constant
2vs - 3vA = 0 and 2aB - 3 aA = 0
9 9
a 4 = Og = (300) = 200 mm/s2 or aA = 200 mm/s2 -
Constraint of point C:2(d - x A) + y aA = constant
~ 2 va + v c /a = 30(1 ~ 2ai + a ctA = 0
(a) ac/A = ~2a A = -2 (-200) = 400mm/s
a(V/) = 400 mm/s2 | A
Velocity vectors after 2s: v A = (200)(2) = 400 mm/s -
y c/A = (400)(2) = 800 mm/s }
v c = y A + y CIA
(b) vc = 894 mm/s 63.4 A

PROBLEM 11.124
Pin P moves at a constant speed of 8 in./s in a counterclockwise sense

along a circular slot which has been milled in the block A as shown.
Knowing that the block moves up the incline at a constant speed of
4.8 in./s, determine the magnitude and the direction relative to the xy axes
of the velocity of pin P when (a) 9 = 30, (b) 9 = 135.
SOLUTION
Vector 1PIA = 8 in./s a a = 30 + 9 + 90 = 120 + 9
Vector x A = 4.8 in./s 30
v /> - y A v P/A
(a) 9 = 30, a = 150

Method 1: Sketch the vector addition.
By law of cosines:
vp = va + v p /a ~ 2 va vp i a c o s 6 0
= 4.82 + 82 -(2 )(4 .8 )(8 )c o s6 0

vP = 6.97 in./s
By law of sines:
sin/7 sin 60 4.8sin60
or sin B = -------------- = 0.59604
6.97
P = 36.6, P + 30 = 66.6, \ P = 6.97 in./s ^ 66.6 <

(b) 9 = 130, a = 120 + 135 = 255
Method 2: Use unit vectors i and j.
Vector v P/A = 8 c o sa i + 8 sin a j = -2.0706i - 7.7274j
Vector = 4.8cos30i + 4.8sin30j = 4.1569i + 2.4j
xp = + x P/A = 2.0863i - 5.3274j
vp = J(vp )1 + M l = V2.08632 + 5.32742 = 5.72 in./s
_ ( vp)y _ -5.3274 _
tan <p = = 2.5535 or <p = -68.6
2.0863
v = 5.72 in./s ^ 68.6 <

PROBLEM 11.125
As the truck shown begins to back up with a constant acceleration of

4 ft/s2, the outer section B of its boom starts to retract with a constant
acceleration of 1.6 ft/s2 relative to the truck. Determine (a) the
acceleration of section B, (b) the velocity of section B when t = 2 s.
SOLUTION
For the truck, aA = 4 ft/s2
For the boom, aB/A = 1.6 ft/s2 50
ia ) a fl = a ,4 + a B/A
Sketch the vector addition.
By law of cosines:
a2B = a2A + a%A - 2aAaBIA cos 50
6 /.A 42 + 1.62 - 2 (4) (1.6) cos 50
aB = 3.214 ft/s2
aB!A. sin 50 _ 1.6 sin 50

Law of sines: sin a = 0.38131
an ~ 3.214
a = 22.4, aB = 3.21 ft/s2 ^ 22.4 <
(b) vb = (vb)0 + aB* = 0 + (3-214)(2)
v d - 6.43 fit/s2 ^ 22.4 4

PROBLEM 11.126
A boat is moving to the right with a constant deceleration of l ft/s: when
a boy standing on the deck D throws a ball with an initial velocity relative
to the deck which is vertical. The ball rises to a maximum height of 25 ft
above the release point and the boy must step forward a distance d to
catch it at the same height as the release point. Determine (a) the distance
d , ( b ) the relative velocity of the ball with respect to the deck when the
& ball is caught.
SOLUTION
Horizontal motion of the ball: v* = K ) 0 *baii = ( v < V
Vertical motion of the ball: V.v=Mo ~S'

y =Mo' - \ g'2' M ~Mo =-2&
At maximum height. vr = 0 and y = y mM
(vy f = 2gynua = (2)(32.2)(25) = 1610 ft2/s2
(vv)o = 40.12 ft/s
At time of catch. y = 0 = 40.12/ + ^ ( 3 2 .2 ) r
or /calch = 2.492 s and = 40.12 ft/s j
Motion of the deck: vx = ( vx)0 + a</ xdcck =(vx)or--aof2
Motion of the ball relative to the deck:
( vw d ) x = (vx)0 - [(v,) + a , / ] = -a tf
* b /o = K ) 0t - ( v x )Qt + - a r f 2 = a,J~
2 1
Mo), =M 0~ yniD=yB
(a) At time of catch, d = xaB = -_ (- l) ( 2 .4 9 2 )- d = 3.11 ft <
(b) ( vs/d )* = -(-l)(2 -4 9 2 ) = +2.492 ft/s or 2.49 ft/s
(v#/o)v = 40.12 ft/s |
\ WD = 40.2 ft/s ^ 86.4 <

PROBLEM 11.127
Coal discharged from a dump truck with an initial velocity
(v c )Q = 1.8 m/s 7^50 falls onto conveyor belt B. Determine the
required velocity \ B of the belt if the relative velocity with which the
coal hits the belt is to be (a) vertical, (b) as small as possible.
SOLUTION First determine the velocity vc of the coal at the point where the coal
impacts on the belt.
Horizontal motion: (vc )x = [Mx\ = - L 8 cos50
= -1.1570 m/s
Vertical motion: (vc)2 = [(vc)>,]o-2s(>'-.Vo)

= (l.8sin50)2 - (2 )(9 .8 l)(1.5)
= 31.331 m2/ s 2
(vc )r = -5.5974 m/s
-5 5974
tan P = = 4.8379, p = 78.32
-1.1570
vc = Ml + Ml = 32669 m2/s2
vc = 5.7156 m/s, vc = 5.7156 m/s T7 78.32
or vc = (-1.1570 m /s )i+ (-5.5974 m/s)j
Velocity o f the belt: vs = vfl(-c o sl0 i + sinl0j)
Relative velocity: ob = V,. - V = V, + (-v)
(a) \ aB is vertical. (vc/B)^ = 0
(vc/B) = -1.1570 - vfl(-c o sl0 ) = 0, vfl = 1.175 m/s
vB = 1.175 m/s ^ 10
(b) vc/B is minimum. Sketch the vector addition as shown.
v |/c = vB + v - 2vfivc cos 88.32
Set the derivative with respect to vB equal to zero.
2vg - 2vc cos 88.32 = 0
vB = vc cos 88.32 = 0.1676 m/s v B = 0.1676 m/s ^ 10 A

PROBLEM 11.128
Conveyor belt A, which forms a 20 angle with the horizontal, moves at

a constant speed of 1.2 m/s and is used to load an airplane. Knowing that
a worker tosses duffel bag B with an initial velocity of 0.76 m/s at an
angle of 30 with the horizontal, determine the velocity o f the bag
relative to the belt as it lands on the belt.
SOLUTION
Horizontal motion of bag: v* = v0cos30, x = (v0cos30)/
Vertical motion of bag: vy = v0 sin 30 - gt
t 1 2 2 2vosin30 2 ( y - y 0)
y = To + (v0 sin30') / - ~ g t ~ or t S ------1 + - 4 =
2 g g
At the landing point on the belt: y = xtan20 = (v0 cos 30 tan 20)/
Then, t 2 - ^ - ( s in 3 0 - cos30tan20)f - = & = 0

g g
9.81 v 9.81
t 2 -0.028632/ -0.101937 = 0
/ = 0.33391 s, - 0.30528 s
vx = 0.76 cos 30 = 0.65818 m/s

v,. = 0.76sin30 - (9.8l)(0.3339l) = -2.8957 m/s
vB = 0.658181 - 2.8957j m/s
Motion of the belt: 1.2cos20i + 1.2 sin 20 j

= 1.12763i + 0.41042j m/s
Relative motion: = v "

= - 0 .4 6 9 4 5 i- 3.306 lj m/s
vb / a = (-0.46945 )2 + (3.3061 )2
y BiA ~ 3.34 m/s 81.9 A

PROBLEM 11.129
As the driver of an automobile travels north at 20 km/h in a parking lot,

he observes a truck approaching from the northwest. After he reduces his
speed to 12 km/h and turns so that he is traveling in a northwest direction,
the truck appears to be approaching from the west. Assuming that the
velocity of the truck is constant during that period of observation,
determine the magnitude and the direction of the velocity o f the truck.
SOLUTION
Let the x-axis be directed east and the y-axis directed north.
According to the first observation, the velocity may be represented as
vr = + (v ), 20 t +{vm ) t ^ 45 = 20j + (v7-M)i (cos45i - sin45j)
From the second observation,
= ( v^ )2 + ( v )2 = 12 ^ 45 + ( vt/a ) 2 = -12cos45i + 12sin45j + ( v T/A)2 1
Subtracting the two equations gives
0 = 20j + ( v ^ ) (cos45i - sin45j) + 12cos45i - 12sin45j - (vrM) I
x-components: (cos45)(vrMX - { v T/A^ = -12cos45 (1)
y-components: -(sin45)^vr//( = -2 0 + 12 sin 45 (2)
Solving (1) and (2), (v \ = 46.284 km/h, (% ^ )2 = 20 km/h
Then, \ T = 20j + 16.284(cos45i - sin45j) = 11.515i + 8.485j km/h
or vr = -12cos45i + 12sin45j + 20i = 11.515i + 8.485j km/h
vr = 14.30 km/h ^ 36.4 <

PROBLEM 11.130
The paths o f raindrops during a storm appear to form an angle of 75

with the vertical and to be directed to the left when observed through a
left-side window of an automobile traveling north at a speed of 64 km/h.
When observed through the right-side window of an automobile traveling
south at a speed of 48 km/h, the raindrops appear to form an angle of
60 with the vertical. If the driver of the automobile traveling north were
to stop, at what angle and with what speed would she observe the drops to
fall?
SOLUTION
Let the x-direction be north, and the ^-direction be vertically upward.
From the north bound observer, the velocity vector of the rain is
Vr = + v m = 64 + vWN A 75 = 64i + vaN (-sin75i - cos75j)
According to the south bound observer, it is
N 60 = 48i + vR/s (sin 60i - cos 60j)
Subtracting,
0 = 112i + VfuN (-sin75i - cos75j) - vR/s (sin60i - cos60j)
x-components: (sin75)vJj/Ar + (sin60)vws =112 ( 1)
y-components: -(cos75)vww + (cos60)vjj/s = 0 (2)

Solving (1) and (2), vWN = 79.196 km/h, vR/s = 40.995 km/h
Then, \ R = 64i + 79.196(-sin 7 5 i - cos75j) = -12.4971 - 20.497j km/h
v R = -48i + 40.995 (sin 60i - cos60j) = -12.4971 - 20.498j km/h
\ R = 24.0 km/h T 7 58.6 A

PROBLEM 11.131
When a small boat travels north at 3 mi/h, a flag mounted on its stem
forms an angle 9 = 50 with the centerline of the boat as shown. A short
time later, when the boat travels east at 12 mi/h, angle 9 is again 50.
Determine the speed and the direction o f the wind.
SOLUTION
Let the x-axis be directed east, and the y-axis be directed north.
From data obtained as the boat travels north, the wind velocity is
vh' = (v), + (vhvb), = 3 \ + (% /B)| N 50 = 3j + ( v ^ J ^ s in S O 0! - cos50j)
From data obtained as the boat travels east, it is
v ' = ( v )2 + ( 'V /s ) , = 12 ~ ~ + ( vw/b) ^ 50 = 121 + ( v ^ ) 2(-c o s5 0 i - sin50j)
Subtracting,
0 = 3j + (sin50i - cos50j) - 12i - (% /B^ (-c o s 5 0 i - sin50j)
x-components: (sin50)(vw,/fl)| + (cos50)(tV/)2 = 12 (1)
y-components: ( - cos50)( v^ /b )i + (sin50)(vH,/B)2 = -3 (2)
Solving (1) and (2), = 11121 mi/h, (vM

,B)2 = 5.415 mi/h
Then, x w = 3j + 11.12l(sin50i - cos50j) = 8.519i - 4.148j mi/h
or vH- = 12i + 5.415(-cos50i - sin50j) = 8.519i - 4.148j mi/h
v w = 9.48 mi/h ^ 26.0 <

PROBLEM 11.132
Instruments in airplane A indicate that with respect to the air the plane is
"I
headed 30 north of east with an airspeed of 300 mi/h. At the same time
radar on ship B indicates that the relative velocity of the plane with
respect to the ship is 280 mi/h in the direction 33 north of east. Knowing
A
that the ship is steaming due south at 12 mi/h, determine (a) the velocity
of the airplane, (b) the wind speed and direction.
11 mi'li
SOLUTION
Let the x-axis be directed east, and the v-axis be directed north.
Airspeed: = 300 mi/h ^ 30 = 300(cos30i + sin 30j) mi/h
Plane relative to ship: v ^g = 280(cos33l + sin 33j) mi/h
Ship: v = 12 mi/h 1 = -12j
(a) Velocity of airplane.
\ A = \ B + y ^ g = 12j + 280(cos33i + sin33j)
= 234.831 + 140.50j \ A = 274 mi/h ^ 30.9 <
(b) Wind velocity.
VH- = + y W!A = '/ A - ' / AIW
= 234.831 + 140.50j - 300(cos30i + sin30j)
= -24.98i - 9.50j v^. = 26.7 mi/h ^ 20.8 <

PROBLEM 11.133
The diameter o f the eye of a stationary hurricane is 20 mi and the

maximum wind speed is 100 mi/h at the eye wall, r = 10 mi. Assuming
that the wind speed is constant for constant r and decreases uniformly
with increasing r to 40 mi/h at r = 110 mi, determine the magnitude of the
acceleration of the air at (a) r = 10 mi, (b) r = 60 mi, (c) r = 110 mi.
SOLUTION
(a) r = 10 mi = 52800 ft, v = 100 mi/h = 146.67 ft/s
v2 (146.67)2
a = 0.407 ft/s2 <
r 52800
(b) r = 60 mi = 316800 ft, v = 100 4 0 _ 1 0 (6 0 10) = 70 mi/h = 102.67 ft/s

110 10 v
v2 (l 02.67 )2
a = 0.0333 ft/s2 <
r 316800
(c) r = 110 mi = 580800 ft, v = 40 mi/h = 58.67 ft/s
v2 (58.67)2
a = 0.00593 ft/s2 <
r 580800
PROBLEM 11.134
At the instant shown, race car A is passing race car B with a relative
velocity of 3 fl/s. Knowing that the speeds of both cars are constant and
that the relative acceleration of car A with respect to car B is
0.9 ft/s2 directed toward the center of curvature, determine (a) the speed
of car A, (b) the speed of car B.
SOLUTION
Velocities:
v .</a = y A ~ = 3 ft/s |
Va
Accelerations:
a,
a A!B ~ &A ~ a l) ~ 0 . 9 ft/S -
(a)
VA VA
aa =
Pa 300
( v, - 3 ) 2
aH =
Pb 290
a AlB - A _ b L Z~ 2n n) l - o <u y;
300 290
Vj +
8700 145 A 29
VA - lSOv^ +8100 = 0 vA = 90 ft/s <
(b) vB = 90 - 3 vH = 87 ft/s <

PROBLEM 11.135
Determine the maximum speed that the cars of the roller-coaster can
reach along the circular portion AB of the track if the normal component
of their acceleration cannot exceed 3g.
SOLUTION
2
* - Pan
P
v2ax = (25)(3g) = (25)(3)(9.81) = 735.35 m2/s2
vmax = 27.125 m/s vmax = 97 6 km/h <

PROBLEM 11.136
As cam A rotates, follower wheel B rolls without slipping on the face of

the cam. Knowing that the normal components of the acceleration o f the
points of contact at C of the cam A and the wheel B are 0.66 m/s2 and
6.8 m/s2, respectively, determine the diameter of the follower wheel.
SOLUTION
[w .L * P a
vc2 = P a [(*c \ ] a = P b [{c )h\
PjL _ A - = 0.09706
Pa 6.8
p B = 0.09706/?^ = (0.09706)(60) = 5.8235 mm
dB = 2p H = 11.65 mm A
PROBLEM 11.137
Pin A, which is attached to link AB, is constrained to move in the circular

slot CD. Knowing that at / = 0 the pin starts from rest and moves so that
its speed increases at a constant rate of 0.8 in./s2, determine the
magnitude of its total acceleration when (a) / = 0, ( b ) t = 2 s.
SOLUTION
Given: (VA = 0 M , = ^ r = 08s
Then, V A = ( VA + K f ) , ' = 0 8 '
(a) 1 = 0, v ,= 0 , =^ =0
A = M , = 0.800 in./s2 A
(b) 1 = 2 s. vA = 0 + (0.8)(2) = 1.6 in./s
(a ) = V a = = 0.731 in./s2
V An p 3.5
- [ ( .) ; + M lf = [{ 0 .8 / + (0-731 )2] ' 2 a A = 1.084 in./s2 A

PROBLEM 11.138
The peripheral speed of the tooth of a 10-in.-diameter circular saw blade

is 150 ft/s when the power to the saw is turned off. The speed of the
tooth decreases at a constant rate, and the blade comes to rest in 9 s.
Determine the time at which the total acceleration of the tooth
is 130 ft/s2.
SOLUTION
For uniformly decelerated motion: v = v0 + a,t
At t = 9 s, 0 = 150 - at (9), or at = -16.667 ft/s2
Total acceleration: a1 = a 2 + a 2
an = [ a 2 - a 2] ^ = [(130)2 - (-16.667)2 ^ = 128.93 ft/s2
v2 1 5
Normal acceleration: an = , where p = diameter = ft
p 2 12
( c\
v2 = pan = (128.93) = 53.72 ft2/s2, v = 7.329 ft/s
1,12/
v v0 7.329 - 150
Time: t = ------ 2- = --------------- t = 8.56 s
a, -16.667
PROBLEM 11.139
An outdoor track is 130 m in diameter. A runner increases her speed at a

constant rate from 4 to 7 m/s over a distance o f 30 m. Determine the total
acceleration of the runner 2 s after she begins to increase her speed.
SOLUTION
Tangential component o f acceleration: yf = Vq + 2at - s0)
a = ^ ~ v = M (4) = 0.550 m/s2

2{sx - s 0) (2)(30)
At %*= 2 s, v = v0 + att - 4 + (0.550)(2) = 5.10 m/s
Normal component of acceleration: a, where p = diameter

P 2
p = ~(130) = 65 m, an - = 0.400 m/s2

2 65
1/2
Total acceleration: a = [ a 2 + a 2] V2 = (0.550)2 + (0.400)5
a = 0.680 m/s2 M
PROBLEM 11.140
A motorist starts from rest at point A on a circular entrance ramp when

I = 0, increases the speed of her automobile at a constant rate and enters
j KM) in -J
the highway at point B. Knowing that her speed continues to increase at
the same rate until it reaches 100 km/h at point C, determine (a) the speed
at point B, (b) the magnitude of the total acceleration when t = 20 s.
SOLUTION
Speeds: v0 = 0 V, = 100 km/h = 27.78 m/s
Distance: 5 = ^ (1 5 0 )+ 100 = 335.6
Tangential component of acceleration: v,' = Vq + 2a,s
v ^ . ( 2 7 78) ^ 0 = , 1495m/s,
' 2s (2)(335.6)
At point B, v\ = Vq + la ,sB where sB = ( l 50) = 235.6 m
v | = 0 + (2)(1.1495)(235.6) = 541.69 m2/s2
vB = 23.27 m/s vB = 83.8 km/h 4
At / = 20 s, v = v0 + a,t = 0 + (1.1495)(20) = 22.99 m/s
Since v < vB, the car is still on the curve. p = 150 m
Normal component of acceleration:

p 150
Magnitude of total acceleration: |a| = -Jaf + o2 = y(T1495)~ + (3.524)" U = 3.71 m/s2 <
PROBLEM 11.141
-3 0 0 m -
At a given instant in an airplane race, airplane A is flying horizontally in a
straight line, and its speed is being increased at a rate of 6 m/s2. Airplane
420 km/h
y B is flying at the same altitude as airplane A and, as it rounds a pylon, is
2(K) m following a circular path of 200-m radius. Knowing that at the given
pi^ instant the speed of B is being decreased at the rate o f 2 m/s2, determine,
fr positions shown, (a) the velocity of B relative to A, (b) the
acceleration of B relative to A .
SOLUTION
() 420 km/h v s = 520 km/h "'v 60
V8 = + y B/A or V' BIA

mi =- V
yB - V i = V,
- Va VB/A = VA + V B - 2 v AVb COS60
= (420)2 + (520)2 - (2)(420)(520)cos60
or v bia = 477.9 km/h
sin a sin 60
or a = 70.4
520 " 477.9
v b/a = 478 km/h P 70.4 n*
(b) ctA = 6 m/s2 ~ (##), = 2 m/s2 60
vB = 520 km/h = 144.44 m/s
(a g ) =-AL = S.14,44) = 104.32 m/s2 P 30

v ti,n p 200
a BIA = a B ~ a A = ( a f i) , + ( a f l) ~ &A
= [2 ^ 60] + [104.32 P 30] - [ 6 ]
= 2 (-cos60i + sin60j) + 104.32(-cos30i - sin30j) - 6i
= -97.34i - 50.43j m/s2
aB/A = 109.6 m/s2 P 21 A 0 <

PROBLEM 11.142
Racing cars A and B are traveling on circular portions of a race track. At

k l lSO
' J ki i ill the instant shown, the speed of A is decreasing at the rate of 8 m/s2, and
500 in
/M
\ the speed of B is increasing at the rate of 3 m/s2. For the positions
shown, determine (a) the velocity of B relative to A, (b) the acceleration
Ini
- ---------------------------------8 0 0 I II
SOLUTION
(m) = 180 km/h = 50 m/s N 30, \ H = 162 km/h = 45 m/s ^ 45
v bia = vfl V .4 = 45(cos45i - sin45j) - 50(cosl20i + sinl20j)
= 56.82i - 75.12j = 94.2 m/s ^ 52.9
vB/A = 339 km/h X 52.9 <
(b) (a ,<), = 8 m/s2 ^ 60, (a B)f = 3 m/s2 ^ 45
( a = 6.25 m/s2 30
v A,n pA 400
( a .) = = 6.75 m/s2 ^ 45
v R,n pB 300
= a * a = ( a ), + (a ) " ( a ^), - ( a .r)
= 3(cos45i - sin45j) + 6.75 (cos 45i + sin45j)
- 8 (cos 60i - sin 60j) - 6.25 ( - cos 30i - sin30j)
= 8.3li + 12.70j m/s2,
or aBIA = 15.18 m/s2 ^ 56.8 <

PROBLEM 11.143
A projectile is launched from point A with an initial velocity v0 of

40 m/s at an angle of 30 with the vertical. Determine the radius of
curvature of the trajectory described by the projectile (a) at point A,
(b) at the point on the trajectory where the velocity is parallel to the
incline.
PROBLEM 11.144
The motion of particle P on the elliptical path shown is defined by the
equations x = (2 cos n t - l)/(2 - cos nt) and y = 1.5sin/rr/(2 - cos^t),
where x and y are expressed in meters and t is expressed in seconds.
Determine the radius o f curvature o f the elliptical path when (a) t = 0,
(b) t = 1/3 s, (c) / = 1 s.
SOLUTION
Compute x- and y-components of velocity and acceleration.
Ic o s n t - 1 . -3 ;rsin nt
x = , x =
2 - cos^-r (2 - cos n t)
- ^ n 1 cos n t 6^ sin n t{n sin n t)

X 2 T
(2 - C O S /T f) (2 - COS7Tf)
1.5sin;z? . _ 1.5^(2cos^r - l)
2 -co s^ -r (2 -c o s ^ -r)2
-3;r2sin;rt 3^-(2cos^rr - l)(^ s in ^ r)

y
(2 - c o s n tf (2 - cosjt?)3
x = 1, y = 0, x - 0, y = 1.5n, x = -3 n 2,
II
o
v2 (l.5;r)2
5*
U)
A.
v = y = 1.5n, p = = ----- j p = 0.75 m -4

II
ii
an 3n
s h
1
?\
o'
* = 0, y =T
ii
ll
ii
i
- j -
.. 2a 2 v2 4 n 24r>
X
p 1.155 m -4
>
II
II
-
1
1
a" = ~ y = ^ P ~ a n ~ 3.2n2
x = n0, n * 2
t = l, x = -1, y = 0, y - , x
2 3
n v2 *2 3
v = -y = _ , P ~ ------J p = 0.75 m 4
a" = x =T a 4 n
PROBLEM 11.145
From a photograph of a homeowner using a snowblower, it is determined
that the radius of curvature of the trajectory of the snow was 30 ft as the
snow left the discharge chute at A. Determine (a) the discharge velocity
v ., of the snow, (b) the radius of curvature of the trajectory at its
maximum height.
SOLUTION
(a) The acceleration vector is 32.2 ft/s {.
At point A. Tangential and normal components of a are as shown

in the sketch.
an = a cos 40 = 32.2 cos 40 = 24.67 ft/s2

CL
v2a= P a M = ( 30)(24.67) = 740.0 ft2/s2
\ A = 27.2 ft/s ^ 40 <
vx = 27.20 cos 40 = 20.84 ft/s
(b) At maximum height, v = vv = 20.84 ft/s
an = g = 32.2 ft/s2,
v2 (20.84)
P = = p = 13.48 ft <
a 32.2
PROBLEM 11.146
A child throws a ball from point A with an initial velocity v A of 60 ft/s at
an angle of 25 with the horizontal. Determine the velocity of the ball at
the points of the trajectory described by the ball where the radius of
curvature is equal to three-quarters of its value at A.
SOLUTION
g = 32.2 ft/s2, a = 25
(a) At point A. Sketch the tangential and normal components of aA as

shown.
( a ) = gco sa
v = vA = 60 ft/s
p, = L l = _ J k _ = -------= 123.36 ft
an geos or 32.2 cos 25
vx ~ va c o s a - 60 cos 25 = 54.378 ft/s

(b) At point B. /% = f A = f (123.36) = 92.52 ft
Vfi _ v* and = geos 9 = 32.2 cos 9 ft/s2

cos 9
(54.37S)2
a - or 32.2 cos6
Pb (cos2 9^(92.52)
cos39 = 0.99257, cos 9 = 0.99752, 9 = 4.0
54.378
vR ------------= 54.5 ft/s
B 0.99752
v g = 54.5 ft/s ^ 4.0 <4
and 54.5 ft/s ^ 4.0 <

PROBLEM 11.147
Coal is discharged from the tailgate of a dump truck with an initial
velocity v A = 2 m/s 50. Determine the radius of curvature of the
trajectory described by the coal (a) at point A, (b) at the point o f the
, trajectory 1 m below point A.
SOLUTION
(a) At point A. aA = g j = 9.81 m/s21
Sketch tangential and normal components of acceleration at A.
( h )t / + > (aA)n = geos 50
a, P a =
(aA)n
(2 )2
9.81 cos 50
p A = 0.634 m A
(6) At point B, 1 meter below point A.
Horizontal motion: (vfl)^ = (v*)^ = 2cos50 = 1.286 m/s
Vertical motion: (v*)J = (vAfy + 2ay {yB - y A)
= (2 cos 40 )2 + (2 )(9.81)(l)
= 21.97 m2/s2
(vB) = 4.687 m /si
_ (v)y 4.687
tan 9 = ------- or 9= 74.6
(VL 1.286
aH = geos 74.6
- vb -
Pb =
_ (1.286)' + 21.97
p B = 9.07 m A
9.81 cos 74.6
PROBLEM 11.148
A horizontal pipe discharges at point A a stream of water into a reservoir.
Express the radius of curvature of the stream at point B in terms o f the
magnitudes of the velocities \ A and v R.
PROBLEM 11.149
A projectile is fired from point A with an initial velocity v0. (a) Show
that the radius of curvature of the trajectory of the projectile reaches its
minimum value at the highest point B of the trajectory. (b) Denoting by
6 the angle formed by the trajectory and the horizontal at a given point
C, show that the radius of curvature of the trajectory at C is
P = />min/c <>s30.
PROBLEM 11.150
A projectile is fired from point A with an initial velocity v0 which forms
an angle a with the horizontal. Express the radius of curvature o f the
t trajectory of the projectile at point C in terms of x, v0, a , and g.
SOLUTION
Let 9 be the slope angle of the trajectory at an arbitrary point C.
V,
Then, (ac ) = g c o s9 = - - or pc = <

pc geos 9
But the horizontal component of velocity is constant, (vc )v = ( vA)
(v-*)x = ( vc ) , * = (vo)x' = {v0co sa )l or I = (l)

v0 cos a
where ( v^)x = v0cosa and (vc )x = v0cos9
Then, v0co sa = vc-cos#
so that pc - ( 2)
gv0cosa
The vertical motion is uniformly accelerated
&
(vc) = (vo)v, ~ g f = v0 sin a - (3)
v0cosa
/
But vc = (v0); + (v0fv = (v0c o s a )2 + v0s in a - g-
v0cosa
j _ 2gx tan a + g 2x 2 ^
= v
vn cos 2 a
4
3/2
j _ 2gx tan a + g 2x 2 ^
or Vc = vo (4)
0 Vq co s2 a
Finally, substituting (4) into (2) gives

2 / j 2 \^
v0 2gxtanar gx
geos a{ 7 v0 cos"2 a,cJ
PROBLEM 11.151
Determine the radius of curvature of the path described by the particle of
Prob. 11.95 when t = 0.
SOLUTION
Given: r = (/ft cos <oi) i + ctj + (/ft sin i)k
v = = R (cos cont - o)tsina>nt)i + cj + R(sincont + o)ntcosa>nt) k

dt
a=
dv
~dt
= R{-con sma>nt - oj sin cup - a 21 cos copy + R{con cos a>nt + con cos cop - ou^t sin copy
= /?[(-2tf>n sincont - fi>2/cos< r)Ji + (lcun coso)nt - <y2/sin&>/jl
0
Magnitudes of v and a.
2 2 2 2
v = v; + vy + v;
= [/?(cos<ai - <y/sintyi)]2 + ( c f + [/?(sino>,/ + <yicosot)]

S)
a>nt - 2cup sin cop cos cop + ou2p 2 s i n 2 cup

II
[c o s2
K
+ /? 2 [ s i n 2 cont + 2 < y /sin cop cos a>nt - co2t 2 c o s
= R 2(l + co2t2j + c2 or v ^ R 2( l + < #) + c!
+ a2 + a2
<3
II
= R {~2con sin cont - a%tcos cop'j + {2con cos cup - cop sin cup'j
- R 2 [4<a2 sin2 cot + 4<y2/sin cont cos a>nt + coA

p 2 cos2 cont
+ 4&>2 cos2 cop - Aco\t sin cup cos cop + cuAt2 sin2 cup^
= R 2(A(ol + coAt 2j or a = Rcon\j4 + a>2t2
dv R 2cun2t
Tangential component of acceleration: a, = m
dt [/?2(l + >2/ 2) + c2]
At t = 0, v2 = R 2 + c2, a = 2Rcun, at - 0
Normal component of acceleration: a = ija2 - a2 = 2Rcon
v2_
But a =
p
.2
v R +c
or P = P =
2R(o
PROBLEM 11.152
Determine the radius of curvature of the path described by the particle of
Prob. 11.96 when t = 0, A = 3, and 5 = 1.
SOLUTION
With A = 3 and 5 = 1, the position vector is
r = (3tcosf)i + 13y j t 2 + ljj + (fsin t)k
' 3T ^
v = = 3(cost - f sinf)i + j + (sint + tco sf)k
\y jt2 + 1 j
I + \-t
\y jt~ + 1 J
a= - 3 (-sin r - sint - tc o st)i + 3
t2 + 1
+ (cost + cost - tsin /)k

3
= -3 (2 sin t + tco st)i + jjj j + (2cos t - tsin t)k

( ,= + i)
Magnitude ofv2.
2 91
v2 = v2 + v2 + v2 = 9(cost - tsin t) + + (sint + tcost)
r +1
Differentiating,
2v = 18(cost - tsin r)(-2 sin t - tcost) + 2

dt (l + t2)
+ 2(sint + rcost)(2cost - tsinr)
dv
When t = 0, a = 3j + 2k, v = 9, 2v = 0
dt
a1 = 32 + 22 = 13
dv
a, = = 0
Tangential acceleration: ' dt
Normal acceleration: a 2 - a 2 - a ,2 = 13 or an = Vl3
But an = or P = = p = 2.50 ft <

p an Vl3
PROBLEM 11.153
A satellite will travel indefinitely in a circular orbit around a planet if the
normal component of the acceleration of the satellite is equal to g ( R / r ) ,
where g is the acceleration of gravity at the surface of the planet, R is the
radius of the planet, and r is the distance from the center of the planet to
die satellite. Knowing that the diameter of the sun is 1.39 Gm and that the
acceleration of gravity at its surface is 274 m/s2, determine the radius of
the orbit of the indicated planet around the sun assuming that the orbit is
circular.
Earth: (wmean)orbit = 107 Mm/h.
SOLUTION
For the sun, g = 274 m/s2
and
i r r
R = - D = f ~ ) (l.39 x 109) = 0.695 x 10' m
gR2 v2
Given that an = and that for a circular orbit an =
r r
gR2
Eliminating an and solving for r, r =~ -
v
For the planet Earth, v = 107 x 106m/h = 29.72 x 10 m/s
(274)(0.695 x 109f
Then, r =-------^ = 149.8 x 109 m r = 149.8 Gm <
(29.72)
PROBLEM 11.154
A satellite will travel indefinitely in a circular orbit around a planet if the
normal component of the acceleration of the satellite is equal to g (/? / r ) ,
where g is the acceleration of gravity at the surface o f the planet, R is the
radius o f the planet, and r is the distance from the center o f the planet to
the satellite. Knowing that the diameter o f the sun is 1.39 Gm and that the
acceleration of gravity at its surface is 274 m/s2, determine the radius of
the orbit of the indicated planet around the sun assuming that the orbit is
circular.
Saturn: (wmean)orbit = 34.7 Mm/h.
SOLUTION
For the sun, g = 274 m/s2
and R - -^D = |^ j ( l . 3 9 x 109j = 0.695 x 109 m
gR~ v2
Given that a = .and that for a circular orbit: an =
r r
Eliminating an and solving for r,

gR2
r = =-
V
For the planet Saturn, v = 34.7 x 106m/h = 9.639 x 103m/s
(274)(0.695 x 109 !
Then, r = /v = 1.425 x 1012 m r = 1425 Gm <
(9.639)
PROBLEM 11.155
Determine the speed of a satellite relative to the indicated planet if the
satellite is to travel indefinitely in a circular orbit 100 mi above the
surface of the planet. (See information given in Probs. 11.153-11.154).
Venus: g = 29.20 ft/s2, R = 3761 mi.
SOLUTION
gR2
From Problems 11.153 and 11.154, a =
r2
v2
For a circular orbit, a -
r
Eliminating an and solving for v, v = R J
For Venus, g = 29.20 ft/s2
R = 3761 mi = 19.858 x 106 ft.
r = 3761 + 100 = 3861 mi = 20.386 x 106 ft
Then, v = 19.858 x 10 6JV-----29-20

20.386 xlO6
- = 23.766 x 103 ft/s
v = 16200 mi/h -4
PROBLEM 11.156
Mars: g = 12.24 ft/s2, R = 2070 mi.
SOLUTION
gR2
From Problems 11.153 and 11.154, an =
r
,2
V
For a circular orbit, an =
r
Eliminating an and solving for v, v= R g
For Mars, g = 12.24 ft/s2
R = 2070 mi = 10.930 x 106 ft
r = 2070 + 100 = 2170 mi = 11.458 x 103 ft
Then, v = 10.930 x 10 6JV -----12-24

11.458 x 10
, = 11.297 x 103 ft/s
v = 7700 mi/h 4
PROBLEM 11.157
Jupiter: g = 75.35 ft/s2, R = 44,432 mi.
SOLUTION
zR2
From Problems 11.153 and 11.154, ann = 2
r
v2
r
Eliminating an and solving for v, v= R
For Jupiter, g = 75.35 ft/s2
R = 44432 mi = 234.60 x 106 ft
r = 44432 + 100 = 44532 mi = 235.13 x 106 ft
Then, v = (234.60 x 10
^
6)J- -35 ,
235.13 x 10
= 132.8 x 103 ft/s
v = 90600 mi/h A
PROBLEM 11.158
Knowing that the radius of the earth is 3960 mi, determine the time of
one orbit of the Hubble Space Telescope if the telescope travels in a
circular orbit 370 mi above the surface of the earth. (See information
given in Probs. 11.153-11.154).
SOLUTION
From Problems 11.153 through 11.157,

sR2
an = A-__
r
2
r
Eliminating an and solving for v, v = /?,/
2nr
For one orbit the distance traveled is 2nr\ hence, the time is t = -----
v
2xr' 1
or t = rpr-
Rgj
For the earth, g = 32.2 ft/s2 and R = 3960 mi - 20.908 x 106 ft.
Also, r = R + h = 3960 + 370 = 4330 mi = 22.862 x 106 ft
2^(22.862 x l 0 6f /2
Then, t = 7---- i---------- ------^ 1/2
77 = 5.789 x 103s t = 1.608 h <
(20,908 x 106)(32.2)
PROBLEM 11.159
A satellite is traveling in a circular orbit around Mars at an altitude of
290 km. After the altitude of the satellite is adjusted, it is found that the
time o f one orbit has increased by 10 percent. Knowing that the radius of
Mars is 3333 km, determine the new altitude of the satellite. (See
information given in Probs. 11.153-11.154).
SOLUTION
gR2
From Problems 11.153 through 11.157, an - = -
r
v2
r
Eliminating a n and solving for v, v =
2n r
For one orbit the distance traveled is 2n r , hence, the time is t = ------
V
2 n r 2! 2
or t = ------TTT-
Rg1'2
Applying to orbits 1 and 2 and taking the ratio, noting that g and R are constant,
u>
N)
JO
J* |- r
o1
K?
II
ii
Data: rx = R + \ = 3333 + 290 - 3623 km

o
II
r2 = (3623)(1.10)^3 = 3861km
h2 = r2 - R = 3861 - 3333 hz = 528 km M

PROBLEM 11.160
Satellites A and B are traveling is the same plane in circular orbits around
the earth at altitudes of 190 and 320 km, respectively. If at / = 0 the
satellites are aligned as shown and knowing that the radius of the earth is
R = 6370 km, determine when the satellites will next be radially
aligned. (See information given in Probs. 11.153-11.154).
SOLUTION
gR 2
From Problems 1 1 .1 5 3 through 1 1 .1 5 7 , an = =-
r
2
V
r
Eliminatinga and solving for v, v = R .j
2nr
For one orbit the distance traveled is 2nr\ hence, the time is / =
v
2*r3' 2
or t =
Rg'r-
2 nr?*1 2 m-B^2
For satellites A and B, t . = ----7 7 7 - and t R = -----7 7 7 -
Rg'n- Rg'r-
Let n = number of orbits of B. For the next alignment,
/ .\ n +tR I( r \ 3' 2
1 1
(n + l)lA = n tB or = - = -
n fA
1 fr .V 2 ,
' A>
Data: R = 6370 km = 6.370 x 10 m 3
rA = 6370 + 190 = 6560 km = 6.560 x 10 m 3
rB = 6370 + 320 = 6690 km = 6.690 x 10 m 3
Then, - = f 6-69 X ] 1 0 - 1 = 0.02987 or n = 33.475

n 1,6.560 x 1 0 v
Time for orbit of satellite B is
3 /2
2/r|(6.690 x 106]
= 1.5137 h
(6.370 x 106)(9.8l)1/2
Time for next alignment is
ntB = (33.475)(1.5137) ntB = 50.7 h A

PROBLEM 11.161
The rotation o f rod OA about O is defined by the relation
9 = 0.5e~ 8' sin 3nt, where 9 and / are expressed in radians and
seconds, respectively. Collar B slides along the rod so that its distance
from O is r = 0.2 + 1.92/ - 6.72/2 + 6.4/3, where r and / are expressed
in meters and seconds, respectively. When / = 0.5 s, determine (a) the
velocity of the collar, (b) the acceleration of the collar, (c) the
acceleration of the collar relative to the rod.
SOLUTION
Differentiate the expressions for r and 9 with respect to time.
r = 0.2 + 1 .9 2 /- 6.72/2 + 6 .4 /3
r = 1 .9 2 - 13.44/ + 19.2/2
r = -13.44 + 38.4/
9 = 0.5e~8' sin 3n t
9 = -0.4e~"8' sin 3/r/ + 1.5/re-0 8' cos 3n t
9 = 0.32e" sin 3nt - 1.2/re cos 3nt
-1.2/re 8'cos 3/r/ - 4.5/r2e 0 8'sin 3/r/
At / = 0.5 s, r = 0.28 m, r = 0, r = 5.76 m/s2,
e"08' = 0.67032, sin 3/zr = -1, cos 3/zz = 0

9 = -0.33516 rad, 9 = 0.26812 rad/s, 9 = 29.56 rad/s2
(a) Velocity of the collar.
v = rer + r9e0 v = (0.075 m/s)e<; A
vr = 0 , v0 = 0.0751 m/s A
(b) Acceleration of the collar.
a = (r - r 9 2je r + ( rO + 2 r9 ê0 = arer + a ^te
ar = 5.76 - (0.28)(0.26812)2 ar = 5.74 m/s2 A
a0 = (0.28)(29.56) + (2)(0)(0.26812) a0 = 8.28 m/s2 A
a = ^5.74 m/s2)er + ^8.28 m/s2 je A
(c) Acceleration of the collar relative to the rod.
rer = ^5.76 m/s2)er A

PROBLEM 11.162
The oscillation of rod OA about O is defined by the relation
9 = (4 /;r)(sin n t), where 6 and t are expressed in radians and seconds,
respectively. Collar B slides along the rod so that its distance from O is
r = 10/(f + 6), where r and t are expressed in mm and seconds,
respectively. When / = 1 s, determine (a) the velocity of the collar,
(b) the total acceleration of the collar, (c) the acceleration o f the collar
relative to the rod.
SOLUTION

10 . 10 . . . 20 .2
r mm, r = ^ mm/s, r = r mm/s'
t+6 (/ + 6)2 (/ + 6)
4 i
9 = sin rt rad, 9 - 4 cos nt rad/s 9 = 4;rsin nt rad/s
n
10 10 .. 20 .2
At t = 1s, r - mm; r = mm/s, r = mm/s
7 49 343
9= 0, 9 = -4 rad/s, 9 =0
(a) Velocity of the collar.
vr = r = 0.204 mm/s, ve = r9 = -5.71 mm/s
vB = (0.204 mm/s)er - (5.71 mm/s)efl A
(b) Acceleration of the collar.
ar = r - r& = - ^ ^ j ( - 4 ) 2 = -22.8 mm/s2
a0 = r 9 + 2 r 9 = ( y j (0) + (-4) = 1-633 mm/s2
a fl = -^22.8 mm/s2je r + ^1.633 mm/s2 A
(c) Acceleration of the collar relative to the rod.

20
bioa = r*r = *bioa = (0.0583 mm/s)er A
PROBLEM 11.163
The two-dimensional motion o f a particle is defined by the relations
r = 6(4 - 2e~'j and 9 = 2^2t + 4e~2tJ, where r is expressed in feet, t
in seconds, and 9 in radians. Determine the velocity and the acceleration
o f the particle (a) when t = 0, (b) as t approaches infinity. What
conclusions can you draw regarding the final path of the particle?
SOLUTION
r = 6(4 - 2<T') ft, r = \2e~l ft/s, r = -12e~'ft/s2
6>=2(2r + 4e~2' ) rad, 9= 2 ( 2 - 8 e~2' ) rad/s 9 = 32e_2'rad/s2
(a) At t = 0 s, r = 12 ft, r = 12 ft/s, r = -12 ft/s 2
9 = 8 rad, 9 = -12 rad/s, 9 = 32 rad/s 2
vr = r = 12 ft/s, ve = r 9 = -144 ft/s
v = (12 ft/s)er - (144 ft/s)ee A
ar = r - r92 = -12 - (l2 )(l2 ) 2 = -1740 ft/s 2
ae = r9 + 2r9 = (12)(32) + (2 )(l2 )(12) = 96 ft/s 2
a = -(l7 4 0 ft/s )er + (96 ft/s )e A

2 2
{b) A t 00, e~- 0 and e ~2tO
r 24 ft, r 0, r 0
9 w 4/ rad, ( 9 - 4 rad/s, ^~ 0
vr = r 0, 96 rad/s
v = (96 ft/s)e 0
or r = -(2 4 )(4 )2 = -384 ft/s2, * 0
a = -(3 8 4 ft/s )er A

2
The particle is moving on a circular path of radius of 24 ft and with a speed of 96 ft/s. The acceleration is the
normal acceleration v2/r = ^ ' = 384 ft/s directed toward the center of the circle.
2
24
PROBLEM 11.164
/ j/
/\ g
p
\
'
The path of a particle P is a limacon. The motion o f the particle is defined
by die relations r - b{2 + cos n t) and 9 = nt, where t and 9 are
expressed in seconds and radians, respectively. Determine (a) the velocity
and the acceleration of the particle when t - 2 s, (b) the value o f 9 for
/ \ which the magnitude of the velocity is maximum.
V
SOLUTION
r = b { l + cos^t),
r = -;rf>sin;tf,
r = - j?b cos nt
9 - nt,
9 - n,
'9= 0
{a) At t - 2 s, sin^f = 0, cos^t = 1
r - 3b, r = 0, r - -t? b , 9 = 2;rrad, 9 = n rad/s
vr = r = 0 , v0 - r9 - 3nb, v - 3 nbe0 <4
ar = r - r& = -t? b - (3Z>) 7? = -Aj?b
ae = r9 + 2r9= 0, a - - 4 n 2ber -4
(b) Values of 9 for which v is maximum.

vr = r = -/zAsin nt
Vg = v 9 - b ( l + cos n t)n
= v2 + = i?b2 j^sin2 nt + (2 + cos nt)

V2 V g
2]
= 7?b2 ^sin2 nt + 4 + 4 cos nt + cos2 nt~^
= 7?b2(5 + 4cos;ff)
v2 is maximum when cos nt = l or nt = 0, 2n, 4n, bn, etc
But 9 = nt, hence 9 = 2Nn, N = 0 ,1 ,2 ,... <4

PROBLEM 11.165
The motion of particle P on the parabolic path shown is defined by the
equations r = 2t\j\ + At2 and 0 = tan_12t, where r is expressed in
meters, 6 in radians, and t in seconds. Determine the velocity and
acceleration of the particle when (a) t = 0, (b) t = 0.5 s.
SOLUTION
r = 2tVl + 4t2, r = 2-Jl + 4/2 + 8t2 (l + 412)'/2
r = 24r(l + 4r2)-1/2 - 32r3(l + 4r2)3/2,
0 = arctan2t 0 = 2^1 + 4t2j ,
9 = -1 6 r(l + 4t2)"2
(a) At t = 0, r = 0, r - 2 m/s, r =0
0 = 0, 0 = 2 rad/s, 0 =0
vr = r = 2 m/s, ve = r0 = 0, v = (2 m/s)er 4
ar = r - r& = 0, ae = r0 + 2r0 = 8 m/s2, a = ^8 m/s2^ -4
(b) At t = 0.5 s, r = y/2 m, r = 3>/2 m/s, r = 5>/2 m/s2
0 = rad, 0 = 1 rad/s, 0 = -2 rad/s2

4
vr = r = 4.24 m/s, vg = r0 = 1.414 m/s
v = (4.24 m/s)er + (1.414 m/s)e^ 4
ar = r - r & = 5 y f2 - y[2(l)2 = 5.66m/s2
ae = r0 + 2 r'0 = V 2(-2) + (2)(3>/2)(l) = 5.66 m/s2
a= (5.66 m/s2 + ^5.66 m/s2 4

PROBLEM 11.166
The two-dimensional motion of a particle is defined by the relations
r = ------- and tan# = 1 + 4", where r and # are expressed in
sin# - cos# t
meters and radians, respectively, and t is expressed in seconds. Determine
(a) the magnitudes of the velocity and acceleration at any instant, (b) the
radius of curvature of the path. What conclusion can you draw regarding
the path of the particle?
SOLUTION
x y
Change to rectangular coordinates. cos # = and sin # =
r r
1 1 r
Equation of the path:
sin # - cos # y_ _ * y ~x
r r
from which y - x =1 or y = x + 1.
. y x +1 , 1 , 1
Also, tan # = = ------ = 1 + = 1 + -=-
X X x t
from which x = t2 and y - t2 + 1
Differentiating, vx = X = 21, Vy = y 2t
ax = x = 2, ay = y = 2
NJ
(a) Magnitudes: = 2yf2t 4

II
n.
/ 2 2
a = 2-J2 4
a = ,Jax + ay
(b) y = x + 1 is the equation of a straight line.

Hence,
ll
8
PROBLEM 11.167
To study the performance of a race car, a high-speed motion-picture
camera is positioned at point A. The camera is mounted on a mechanism
which permits it to record the motion of the car as the car travels on
straightaway BC. Determine the speed of the car in terms of b, 9, and 9.
SOLUTION
Sketch the directions of the vectors v and
vg = v t e = -vcos 9
But ve = r9
Hence, r0 = -v c o s0
But from geometry, r=

cos 9
b'9 b9
= -vcos 9 or v=-
cos 9 cos2 9
Speed is the absolute value of v.
b9
v=
cos2 9
PROBLEM 11.168
Determine the magnitude of the acceleration of the race car of
Prob. 11.167 in terms of b, 6, 9, and 9.
SOLUTION
From geometry, r =
cos 9
6sin 99
Differentiating with respect to time, r =
cos2 9
Transverse component of acceleration
b9 2bs\n9fr
a0 = r9 + 2 r 9 = ( 1)
cos 9 cos' 9
Sketch the directions of the vectors a and
a() = a e0 = - a c o s 9 (2)
Matching from (1) and (2) and solving for a,
b'9 2b sin 9&

a = ------ ^-------------j----
cos' 9 cos 9
= -----^ [9+ 2 tan##2)

cos' '
Since magnitude of a is sought, |a| = 9 + 2 tan 9&

cos2 9
PROBLEM 11.169
After taking off, a helicopter climbs in a straight line at a constant angle
jj. its flight is tracted by radar from point A. Determine the speed of the
helicopter in terms of d, jj, 6, and 9.
PROBLEM 11.170
Pin C is attached to rod BC and slides freely in the slot of rod OA which
rotates at the constant rate co. At the instant when /? = 60, determine
(a) r and 6, (b) r and 0. Express your answers in terms o f d and co.
SOLUTION
Looking at d and /? as polar coordinates with d = 0,
Vp = d p = da), vd = d = 0
ap = d p + 2d p = 0 , ad = d - d f t = - d a r
Geometry analysis: r = d j 3 for angles shown.
(a) Velocity analysis: Sketch the directions of v, er and e#.

vr = r = v e = do>cosl20
,? e
r = da) A
2
v0 = rO = v eg = da)cos30
i _ <ftycos30 _ da)^-
Q = a) A
7 "W T 2
Sketch the directions of a, er and
73
a. - a er = a cos 150 = da?
2
r -r & = - J L d a ,2
2
r = - ^ - d c o 1 + rd2 = d a r + d\[3 a)
dar A
4
a - d u ?
ae = 3 ' eg = d<y2 cos 120 = -T-r/a;2
ag = r d + 2r 0
PROBLEM 11.171
For the race car of Prob. 11.167, it was found that it took 0.4 s for the car
to travel from the position 6 = 60 to the position 6 = 35. Knowing
that b - 80 ft, determine the average speed of the car during the 0.4-s
interval.
PROBLEM 11.172
' For the helicopter of Prob. 11.169, it was found that when the helicopter
1 was at B, the distance and the angle of elevation of the helicopter were
r = 900 m and 0 = 20, respectively. Five seconds later, the radar
station sighted the helicopter at r = 996 m and 9 = 23.1. Determine
the average speed and the angle of climb /? of the helicopter during the
4-s interval.
SOLUTION
Sketch the initial and final position vectors.
Using the law of cosines
(Ar)2 = 9002 + 9962 - (2)(900)(996)cos(23.1 - 20.0)

= 11839 m2
Ar = 108.8 m
Ar 108.8
Average velocity: vnv
avg = = -------- = 27.2 m/s
At
Vavg = 97.9 km/h A
Ar 900
Using the law of sines,
sin(A?) s i n ( / ? - 23.1)
in 900sin3.1
sin(y9- 23.1) = ^ = 0.44731
108.8
p - 23.1 = 26.57 or p = 49.7 A

PROBLEM 11.173
A particle moves along the spiral shown. Determine the magnitude o f the
velocity o f the particle in terms of b, 6, and 0.
SOLUTION
r = beU2(?, r = bem ^ 0 6
vr = r = be1'2* 60, vd = r9= bem * 6

KJ
>
N
<Si
+
+
II
II
v = b e ^ 2(6 2 + l f 26 <
PROBLEM 11.174
A particle moves along the spiral shown. Determine the magnitude of the
velocity of the particle in terms of b, 9, and 6.
SOLUTION
PROBLEM 11.175
A particle moves along the spiral shown. Knowing that 9 is constant and
denoting this constant by co, determine the magnitude of the acceleration
of the particle in terms of b, 9, and co.
SOLUTION
r = bem e\ 1/20"
r = bem e' 99, r = bem 21(9 9 )' + 9 Z + 99
ar = r - r9 2 = beme (99)2 + 9 2 + 9 9 - 9 2j = bem$21(##)2 + 99
J/202
a0 = r9 + 2r9 = be112"*9 + 2bem 2992 = bem<>1 [ # + 2##2]
But 9= co and 9 -0
ar = bey2^ (9cof and ae = beV2^ [29at2^
a2 = a2 + a 2 = [bem ^ { ( ? + 4(t)a>A
\l/2 ,
a = bem * + 4j at 4
PROBLEM 11.176
A particle moves along the spiral shown. Knowing that 9 is constant and
denoting this constant by co, determine the magnitude o f the acceleration
of the particle in terms of b, 9, and co.
SOLUTION
b . 2b x .. 2b v 6b x2
r = , r = T0, r = + I 9 Z
92 9 93 94
a = r - r92 = ~ Qi 9 + %
e A9 2 - \0 2d 2 - \ { - 2 9 e9 \ +\ 69 2 - 0 20 2))
' 2b'
a0 \ 9 9 2 = \ ( 9 9 - 402)
92 v 9\ 9 1
But 9= co and 9 -0
ar = -K-lo - 9 2)a>2 and ad = \co2

r 94 ' 93
b2 i .............. , 4\ 7 16b2
a2 = aj2 + aj = (36 - 129 2 + 9 4)co2 + -co
9b
= -^-(36 + 49 2 + 9 4)co2
a = 4 -(3 6 + 49 2 + 0 4f 2 co2 <

&
PROBLEM 11.177
Show that r = h/fis'inO knowing that at the instant shown, step AB of the
step exerciser is rotating counterclockwise at a constant rate <f>.
SOLUTION
Sketch the geometry.
Law of cosines: r 2 = d 2 + h2 - 2dhcos<p
Differentiating with respect to time and noting that d and h are constant,
2rr = 2dhs\n (pip
dhs'm<p.
r = <p
r
sin (p sin 0
Law of sines:
r d
so that r = hs\nd<p Q.E.D 4

PROBLEM 11.178
The three-dimensional motion o f a particle is defined by the cylindrical
coordinates (see Fig. 11.26) R = A /( t + 1), 6 = Bt, and z = C tl(t + l).
Determine the magnitudes o f the velocity and acceleration when
(a) t = 0, (b) t = oo.
SOLUTION
Given: R = , 6 = Bt, z = ^
t+1 t+ l
Differentiating with respect to time,
t . * . t>=B,
(,+ i f(, + i (i
R= 0 = 0, i =- -
(t + i r
(a) t = 0. R = A, 0 = 0, z = 0
R = -A , 0 = B, z =C
R = 2A, 0 = 0, z = -2 C
vR = R = -A , v0 = R 0 = AB, vz = z = C
V2 = v \ + v2g + v] = A2 + A2B 2 + C 2 v = ylA2 + A 2B 2 + C 2 <
aR = R - R 0 2 = 2 A - AB2a \ = 4 A2 4 A 2B 2 + A 2B 4
ae = R0 + 2R0 = 0 - 2AB a2e = 4A 2B
a z = z = -2 c a2 = 4 C2
a2 = a \ + a 2e + a2 = 4A2 + A 2B 4 + 4C2 a = \l4A 2 + A 2B 4 + 4C2 <
(b ) t = oo. R = 0, 0 = co, z = C, R = 0, 0 = iB , z = 0,
R = 0, 0 = 0, z =0
vr = R = 0, v0 = R0 = 0, vz = z = 0, v = 0 -4
ar = R - RO2 = 0, ae = R0 - R 02 = 0 , az = z = 0,
a =0A
PROBLEM 11.179
The motion of a particle on the surface of a right circular cylinder is
defined by the relations R = A, 9 - 2 K t , and z = A t2 / 4, where A is a
constant. Determine the magnitudes of the velocity and acceleration of
the particle at any time t.
SOLUTION
A t2
In cylindrical coordinates. R = A, 9 = 2 M, z -------
4
Differentiating with respect to time,
R = 0, 9= 2 k, z =
2
R = 0, 9= 0, z =
2
At
Velocity vector: vr = R = 0 , ve = R 9= 2 k A , v. = z =
T
v2 = v2r + V0 + v2 = 0 + 4 7?A 2 + ^ 4 2t 2
v= A \ J i 6 tc2 + t2 <
2
Acceleration vector: ar = R - R & = 0 - 4 tT A
ag = R9 + 2R9 = 0, a, = z = A12
a2 = a2R + a2g + a2 = 16 k 4 A2 + 0 + i A2
a = A \ I 6 4 k 4 + 1 A
2
PROBLEM 11.180
For the conic helix of Prob. 11.95, determine the angle that the oscillating
plane forms with the y axis.
SOLUTION
From problem 11.95, the position vector is r = (flrcos<yf)i + ct\ + (fltsin cont)k.
dr
v = = R (cosa>nt - cotsincont ) i + cj + /?(sin*yf + cont coscont)k
dt
d\
a = = R[-cos\ncont - sincont - co\tcoscont ) i + R (concoscont + concoscont - co2:t sincont )k
dt ' ' ' '
= R ^-2 co ns'm cortt - co2t cos + (2&cos<w/ - c^/sin <u/jkj
I j k
vx a= V
Yx Vvy V
vz = (VA vzay ) I + (v;ax - vxaz ) j + [yxay - vv.ax)l
ax Oy o2
= r [2con cos cont - <y^rsin<yn/ j j i + j^/?2( s i n + <yf cos<yf)(-2<yns in u y - copcoscop^
- R 2(coscop - cop sin cop )^2co cos cop - sin<y/)J j
+ ^-cR^-lcO" sinft>/ - 6 ), cos<y/)jk

7
= cRcon( 2 coscop - o)nts\ncont)\ - R 2co\2 + co2t 2^jj + cRco(2s\ncop + cont coscont ) k
| v x a |= \c W n(4 +a ,y ) + RWn(2 + coy)2
vx a
The binormal unit vector eh is given by eh =-
|vx a|
Let a be the angle between the y-axis and the binormal.
(v x a ) j R 2con(2 + cont)
cos a = eA j = ------- --- -----------
i-x i +* y )+ + > y )]
Lei A = R 2(on(2 + o ) l r \ B = cRo] 14 + j C = -Ja 2 + B2 sothatcoser = as
shown in the sketch. The angle that the osculating plane makes with the
P y-axis is the angle p.
B
A R (2 + a> y) R (2 + *> y)
P = tan"
2\'/2
:(4 * my ) c(4 +a ,y f
PROBLEM 11.181
Determine the direction of the binormal of the path described by the
particle of Prob. 11.96 when (a) t = 0, (b) t = n i l s.
SOLUTION
For A = 3 and B = 1, r = (3fcos/)i + |3\ l r +1j j + (/sin /)k

v = = 3(cosr - fsin /)i + 3 r ~ j + (sinf + rco s/)k

dt
dv
a = = 3 (-2 sin f - rco s/)i + 3 3/2
j + (2cot/ - tsin /)k
* (t2 + l)
(a) At t = 0, v = 3(1 - 0)i + (0) j + (0)k = 3i
and a = -3(0)i + 3(l)j + (2 - 0)k = 3j + 2k
i J k
v x a = 3 0 0 = - 6 j + 9k
0 3 2
| v x a | = yj62 + 92 = 10.817
eh = . v. x-a.. = -0.55470j + 0.83205k

|vxa |
cos6>v = 0, cos0v = -0.55470, cos ft = 0.83205
9X = 90, ft. = 123.7, f t = 33.7 <
n
(b) At t = s, v = -4.71239i + 2.53069j + k
2
a = -6i + 0.46464j - 1.5708k
i j k
v x a = -4.71239 2.53069 1
-6 0.46464 1.5708
= -4.43985 i - 13.4022 j + 12.9946 k
|v X a I= [j4.43985)2 + (13.4022)2 + (12.9946)2J 2 = 19.1883
e. - V = -0.23138i - 0.69846j + 0.67721k

|v xa |
cos 0X = -0.23138, cos Gy = -0.69846, cos 9Z = 0.67721
Gx = 103.4, 0y = 134.3, )z = 47.4 A

PROBLEM 11.182
The acceleration of a particle is defined by the relation a = A - 6t2,
where A is a constant. At t = 0, the particle starts at x = 8 m with
v = 0. Knowing that at t = 1 s, v = 30 m/s, determine (a) the times at
which the velocity is zero, (b) the total distance traveled by the particle
when t = 5 s.
SOLUTION
= a = A -6 t2
dt
JId v - - 6t 2^dt or v = A t - 213
When t = 1 s, v = 30 m/s. 30 = 4 1 ) - (2)(1)3 or A = 32 m/s2
Then, v = 3 2 1 2t2 2 f ( l 6 - t 2)
(a) When v = 0, t = 0, and t = 4 s,
Rejecting the negative time, t - 0 , r = 4s
(b) For 0 < t < 4 s, v is positive, x is increasing.
For t > 4 s, v is negative, x is decreasing.
dx = vdt or dx = Jj(32f - 2t3^dt
x - 16f2 - V
2
At t = 0, x = 0
At t - 4 s, ^ = (16)(4)2 - ^ ( 4 ) 4 = 128m
At t = 5 s, * = (16)(5)2 - } ( 5 ) 4 = 87.5 m
0 < t < 4 s, distance traveled = 128 - 0 = 128 m
4 s <, t < 5 s, distance traveled = 128 - 87.5 = 40.5 m
Total distance traveled = 128 + 40.5 d = 168.5 m <

PROBLEM 11.183
At t = 0, a particle starts from x = 0 with a velocity v 0 and an
acceleration defined by the relation a = -5 /(2v0 - v ) , where a and v are
expressed in ft/s and ft/s, respectively. Knowing that v = 0.5v0 at
t = 2 s, determine (a) the initial velocity of the particle, (b) the time
required for the particle to come to rest, (c) the position where the
velocity is 1 ft/s.
SOLUTION
Given: a - - or dt = (2v0 - v)<afv

2v0 - v dt
Integrating, using appropriate limits <* = ~C0j (2vo - v ) ^
2 1 2 2 3 2
t = -V0V + - 1- V2 - v v0v + vn
5 10 vo 10 5 0 10 0
(a) At t - 2 s, V = Vn
Then, 2 = I + ] Vq = Vq or Vq = 16 ft2/s2, Vn = 4 ft/s -4

40 5 10/ 8 0
(b) Time to come to rest. v= 0
t = 0 - 0 + vl = (4)2 t = 4.8 s <

10 0 10V !
(c) Position where velocity is 1 ft/s.
vdv - adx or dx = = _ (2v0 - vjvdv
Integrating, using appropriate limits,
^ = - r 0(2vov - v 2) ^ = - VnV2 - - V
1 3
v0
2 1 3 2 3
X = v0v - - V ~ -v 0 4v2 - | v 3 - |( 6 4 )
With v = 1 ft/s,
x = x = 7.80 ft and -7.67 ft <

5
10uii/h PROBLEM 11.184
Assuming a uniform acceleration of 11 ft/s2 and knowing that the speed
of a car as it passes A is 30 mi/h, determine (a) the time required for the
wC m la O .
car reach B, (b) the speed of the car as it passes B.
160fl ------ -j
SOLUTION
Let the origin lie at point A. xA = 0, xH = 160 ft
vA = 30 mi/h = 44 ft/s, a = 11 ft/s2
1 2
(a) XB = X A +V + -o r
5 . 5 r + 4 4 / - 160 = 0 / = -10.71 s, 2.71 s
/ = 2.71s <4
(b) vB = vA + at = 44 + (l l)(2.7l) = 73.86 ft/s
vB = 50.4 mi/h -4
PROBLEM 11.185
Block B starts from rest and moves downward with a constant
acceleration. Knowing that after slider block A has moved 400 mm its
velocity is 4 m/s, determine (a) the accelerations of A and B, (b) the
velocity and the change in position of B after 2 s.
SOLUTION
Constraint of cable with x A increasing to the left and y B increasing downward.
xa + = constant, + 3AyB = 0
VA + 3vs = . aA + 3as = 0
Block B moves downward so that vB and aB are positive.
Since, vA = -3vB, is negative, i.e. to the right.
For block A, va = 2aAAxM
(a) a - va _ M )2 - , 0 m/~2 n r
U 1
a
a ^

Oft
m\J II Yl l /l d/ c ______
^
^
" - 21*A - (2)(-0.4) - 20 ^
aB = ~ ^ a ~ 6.67 m/s" { a # = 6.67 m/s 1 4
( b) At t = 2 s,
vB = aBt = (6.67)(2) vB = 13.33 m/s2 [ <
A yB = \ B '2 = {(6-67)(2)2 Ay B = 13.33 m

PROBLEM 11.186
a(m/**)
A particle moves in a straight line with the acceleration shown in the
figure. Knowing that the particle starts from the origin with v0 = -2 m/s,
(a) construct the v - t and x - t curves for 0 < / < 18 s, (b) determine
the position and the velocity of the particle and the total distance traveled
8 when t = 18 s.
-075 12 #<*:
SOLUTION
Compute areas under a - t curve.

a <V>/s*'
A, = (-0.75)(8) = -6 m/s
'
/K A2 = (2)(4) = 8 m/s
2K # ' A3 = (6)(6) = 36 m/s

A.>
-o.is m zzSi t ( s)
v0 = -2 m/s
v8 = vo + 4 = m/s
(tyi/s") v,2 = vg + A2 = 0
VI8 = v !2 + A i vlg = 36 m/s A
Sketch v t curve using straight line portions over the constant

acceleration periods.
(5/ Compute areas under the v - 1 curve.
1
A> = j ( - 2 - ) ( 8 ) = -40 m
X (* ) 4 = { (- )( ) * - 6 m
Si
1
A6 = -(3 6 )(6 ) = 108 m
t(s')
xg = Xq + A4 = -40 m
xl2 = + Ai = 56 m
*18 = * 1 2 + 4 , x|g = 52 m A
Total distance traveled = 56 + 108 d = 164 m A

PROBLEM 11.187
A temperature sensor is attached to slider/IS which moves back and forth
through 60 in. The maximum velocities of the slider are 12 in./s to the
right and 30 in./s to the left. When the slider is moving to the right, it
accelerates and decelerates at a constant rate of 6 in./s2; when moving to
the left, the slider accelerates and decelerates at a constant rate of
20 in./s2. Determine the time required for the slider to complete a full
cycle, and construct the v - / and x - t curves o f its motion.
SOLUTION
Moving to the right (v > 0),
V ( >v1 / & ) vm ax= 12in-/s lmax 1= 6in./s2
t, = vm
axx =
12 .
= 2s
lmax I 6
t3 - t 2 = = 2s
A = ^ ( 12)( 2) = 12 in- A = |( 1 2 ) ( 2) = 12
Total distance = At + A2 + A3 = 60 in.
4 2 = 60 - 12 - 12 = 36 in.
A 36
t2 - t \ = ------- = 3s
vmax 12
tj = 2 s, t2 = 5 s, t3 = 7 s x, = Ax = 12 in.
x2 = 12 + A2 = 48 in. x3 = 48 + A3 = 60 in.
Moving to the left (v < 0), vmin = -30 in./s, |amax | = 20 in./s
m. ni = ~
30 = l . 5s> t - f
vm; 1
= 1W
30
JB & l = = 1.5 s
20 ^max I 20
A4 = |(-3 0 )(1 .5 ) - -22.5 in., A6 = |(3 0 )(l.5 ) = -22.5
A4 + A5 + A^ = -60 so that As = -60 - A6 = -15 in.
Ac -15
t5 - t4 = -22- = = 0.5 s;
vmin -3 0
t4 = 8.5 s, t5 = 9 s, t6 = 10.5 s 4
x4 = 60 - 22.5 = 37.5 in., x5 = 37.5 - 15 = 22.5 in., x6 = 0

PROBLEM 11.188
A group of children are throwing balls through a 0.72-m-inner-diameter
ii t ' tire hanging from a tree. A child throws a ball with an initial velocity v0
u at an angle of 3 with the horizontal. Determine the range of values of
v0 for which the ball will go through the tire.
SOLUTION
Horizontal motion: x = v0 cos at, t = Vn =

v0 cos a tc o s a
1 > 1 ,
Vertical motion: y = y 0 + v0sin a / - - g f = y 0 + x ta n a - - g f
(2 _ 2(y0 + x t a n a - y)
g
To strike point C: y = 0.25 m
>2. 2Q.5 t 6 ,a 3 - 0.25) .

9.81
t = 0.56476 s
vn = -------------- =10.64m/s
0 0.56476cos3
To strike point B: y = 0.25 + 0.72 = 0.97 m
2 (1 .5 + 6 - 3 - - M 7 ) .,
9.81
t = 0.41492 s
6
Vn = = 14.48 m/s
0.41492 cos 3
Range of values for v0 :
10.64 m/s < v0 < 14.48 m/s 4

PROBLEM 11.189
$ ^ J An oscillating garden sprinkler which discharges water with an initial
velocity v0 of 8 m/s is used to water a vegetable garden. Determine the
4 i l A I* * * - - , * distance d to the farthest point B that will be watered and the
corresponding angle a when (a) the vegetables are just beginning to
grow, (b) the height h of the com is 1.8 m.
SOLUTION
Horizontal motion: x = (v0) t - v0cosa t or t -

v0cosa
Vertical motion: t \ t - - g1 t ~ = v0sina t - - 1g r 2

y = {v0)y
gx~
or y = x ta n a T~
2v0 cos a
gx~
Set y = 0. x tan a =
2vn2 cos 2 a
2 va . 'n . _
x =0 or x = -s in a cosa = sin 2a
g g
But, for maximum x, sin 2a = 1 or a = 45 A
2
(a) Then, X -
= i - I S *m ax = 6 5 2 m <
g 9.81
(b) The height of com is 1.8 m.
Set x = 1.5 m and y = 1.8 m for stream to clear the com.

2
h = x ta n a 4 , = x t a n a - -^-H l + tan2 a)
2Vo cos2 a 2v V
2v; 2v2/
or tan" a - ta n a + 1 + = 0
gx gx
\2 i
2 (2)(8)2 (2)(8)J (1.8)
tan" a - -. tan a+ 1 + ' 2 = 0
(9.81)(1.5) (9.8l)(l.5)
tan2 a - 8.6986 tan a+ 11.4383 = 0

ta n a = 7.0839 and 1.6147, a = 82.96, 58.23
a = 58.2 A
Using a = 58.23 and y = 0
x = sin 2 a = ^ - s i n ( l 16.46) x = 5.84 m A

g 9.81 V '
PROBLEM 11.190
Knowing that at the instant shown block A has a velocity of 8 in./s and
an acceleration of 6 in./s2 both directed down the incline, determine
(a) the velocity of block B, (b) the acceleration of block B.
SOLUTION
Constraint: 2xa + x bi a = constant, 2 v A + v B/A = 0, 2 a A + a BIA = 0
Then, v b/a = ~ 2 v a = " ( 2 ) ( 8 ) = -16in./s
a B/A = ~2aA = ~ (2)(6) = -12 in./s2
(a) The velocity vectors are as follows:

= 8 in./s '^ 2 5 , \ WA = 16in./s i^ 4 0
v =

Law of cosines:
vl = va + vb/a ~ 2 vavb cos 15

= 82 + 162 -(2 )(8 )(l6 )co sl5
vfi = 8.53 in./s
. . sin B sin 15
Law of sines: = ---------
= 0.24280, P = 14.1
vB 8.53
P + 40 = 54.1, v = 8.53 in./s ^ 54.1 A
0b) The acceleration vectors are as follows:
aA = 6in./s2 ^ 25, aB/A = 12 in./s2 40
Using a vector addition diagram like that used for velocity.
o| = aA + a\iA - l a AaWAcos\S = 6: + 122 - (2)(6)(l2)cosl5
aB = 6.40 in./s2
. _ a .s in l5 6sinl5
sin P = = ------------ = 0.24280, /? = 14.1
aB 6.40
P+ 40 = 54.1 a fl = 6.40in./s2 i* . 54.1 4

PROBLEM 11.191
To test its performance, an automobile is driven around a circular test
track of diameter d. Determine (a) the value o f d if when the speed of the
automobile is 72 km/h, the normal component of the acceleration
is3.2 m/s2, (b) the speed of the automobile if d = 180 m and the normal
component of the acceleration is measured to be 0.6g.
SOLUTION
(a) v = 72 km/h = 20 m/s, an = 3.2 m/s2
v2 v2 (20)2
a= , P= - ' = 125 m, d = 2 p = 250 m 4
P an 3.2
(b) d - 180 m, p = d = 90 m,
2
an = 0.6g = (0.6)(9.8l) = 5.886 m/s2
2
a = or v2 = pan = (90) (5.886) = 529.74 m2/s2
P
v = 23.016 m/s v = 82.9 km/h 4

PROBLEM 11.192
A motorist traveling along a straight portion of a highway is decreasing
the speed of his automobile at a constant rate before exiting from the
highway onto a circular exit ramp with a radius of 560 ft. He continues to
decelerate at the same constant rate so that 10 s after entering the ramp,
his speed has decreased to 20 mi/h, a speed which he then maintains.
Knowing that at this constant speed the total acceleration of the
automobile is equal to one-quarter of its value prior to entering the ramp,
determine the maximum value of the total acceleration of the automobile.
SOLUTION
On the ramp at constant speed: v = 20 mi/h = 29.333 ft/s
. ! * . ts x s r t
p 560
a, = 0
a = 1.5365 ft/s2
Before entering ramp : a = (4)(l .5365) = 6.146 ft/s2
an = 0 for straight path
a; = a2 - a2n = 37.774 ft2/s4
a, = -6 .1 4 6 ft/s2 (negative for decelration)
Speed v() at entering the ramp:
v = v0 + a,t
29.333 = v0 - (6.146)(10), v0 = 90.79 ft/s
At entering the ramp:
Vo_ = (90.79) = 14.7205 ft/s2

" p 560
a, = -6.146 ft/s2
a = + a~ = 15.95 ft/s2 a = 15.95 ft/s2 A

PROBLEM 11.193
A golfer hits a golfball from point A with an initial velocity of 50 m/s at
an angle of 25 with the horizontal. Determine the radius of curvature of
the trajectory described by the ball (a) at point A, (b) at the highest point
of the trajectory.

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PROBLEM 11.

Velocity: dx = 24r + 30# cos (#r) mm/'s

*5 = (8)(5)J 8 + 30 sin (5#) x5 = 992 mm A

v5 = (24)(5): + 30#cos(5/r) v5 = 506 mm/s A

= M O ) - 30#2 sin(5#) a5 = 240 mm/s2 A

The motion of a particle is defined by the relation

Velocity: V = = lor2 - 5t - 20 m/s

Solving the quadratic equation for t,

t = 1.6861 s and t = -1.1861 s t = 1.686 s <

a = 20(1.6861) - 5 a = 28.7 m/s2 4

Position: x = 2 0 sin Art in.

Velocity: v = = 20Arcosfa in./s

Acceleration: a = = Ar sin At in./s

When / = 0.05 s, and k = 1 0 rad/s

kt = (10)(0.05) = 0.5 rad

x = 20sin(0.5) x = 9.59 in. A

v = (20)(l0)cos(0.5) v = 175.5 in./s A

a = - ( 2 0 ) ( l0 ) 2 sin(0.5) a = -959 in./s <

seconds, respectively. The constants kx and k2 are known to be 1 rad/s

Position: x = 2 0 s in ^ ,r - k2t 2) in.

Where kx = 1 rad/s and k2 = 0.5 rad/s 2

Let # = kxt - k2t 2 = t - 0.512 rad

= (l - / ) rad/s and = -1 rad/s2

Position: x = 2 0 sin# in.

When v = 0, either cos 6 = 0

r(s) 0 0.5 1 . 0 1.5 2 . 0

#(rad) 0 0.375 0.5 0.375 0

cos# 1 . 0 0.931 0.878 0.981 1 . 0

No solutions cos# = 0 in this range.

For / = 1 s, # = 1 - (0.5)(1 ) 2 = 0.5 rad

x = 20sin(0.5) x = 9.59 in. A

a = 20co s(0 .5 )(-l) - 20sin(0.5)(0) a = -17.55 in./s

Position: x = 5r4 - 4t3 + 3t - 2 ft

Velocity: v = = 20t3 - 1212 + 3 ft/s

Acceleration: a = = 60t2 - 241 ft/s2

v = (20)(2)3 - (1 2 )(2 )2 + 3 v = 115 ft/s

* = (60)(2)2 - ( 2 4 ) (2 ) a = 192 ft/s <

Position: X = 6r + r - 14r2 - lor + 16 in.

Velocity: V = * = 24r3 + 24r2 - 281 - 10 in./s

Acceleration: a = = l i t 2 + 48/ - 28 in./s 2

x = (6)(3)4 + (8 )(3 )3 -(1 4 )(3 )2 -(1 0 )(3 ) + 16 x = 562 in. M

v = (24)(3)3 + (24)(3)2 - (28)(3) - 10 v = 770 in./s -4

a = (72)(3)2 + (48)(3) - 28 a = 764 in./s 4

Position: x = 2? - 1212 - 72t - 80 m

Velocity: v = = 612 - 24/ - 72 m/s

Acceleration: a = = 12/ - 24 m/s2

(a) When v = 0, 611 - 24/ - 72 = 0

Solving the quadratic equation: / = -2 s and / = 6s

Reject the negative time. Then

For 0 < / < 6 s, v is negative. x is decreasing,

For / > 6 s, v is positive. x is increasing.

Minimum value of x occurs when / = 6 s.

*mi = (2)(6)3 - (12)(6)2 - (72)(6) - 80 - -512 m

(b) Distance traveled over 0 < / < 6 s.

4 = kin - *o H "512 - (-80) I= 432 m

When x = 0, 2P - 1212 - 72/ - 80 = 0

Reject the negative roots.

When / = 10 s, v - (6)(10) - (24)(10) 72 v = 288 m/s A

Distance traveled over 6 s < / < 1 0 s .

Total distance traveled: dx + d 2 = 432 + 512 d = 944 m A

and seconds, respectively. Determine (a) when the velocity is zero,

Position: x = 2t3 - 1812 + 48f - 16 mm

Velocity: v = = f - 36t + 48 mm/s