Open-chain compound - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.

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In chemistry, an open-chain compound (also spelled as open chain compound) or acyclic compound (Greek
prefix "", without and "", cycle) is a compound with a linear structure, rather than a cyclic one.[1] An
open-chain compound having no side chains is called a straight-chain compound (also spelled as straight chain
compound).[2][3] Many of the simple molecules of organic chemistry, such as the alkanes and alkenes, have both
linear and ring isomers, that is, both acyclic and cyclic, with the latter often classified as aromatic. For those
with 4 or more carbons, the linear forms can have straight-chain or branched-chain isomers. The lowercase
prefix n- denotes the straight-chain isomer; for example, n-butane is straight-chain butane, whereas i-butane is
isobutane. Cycloalkanes are isomers of alkenes, not of alkanes, because the ring's closure involves a C=C bond.
Having no rings (aromatic or otherwise), all open-chain compounds are aliphatic.

Typically in biochemistry, some isomers are more prevalent than others. For example, in living organisms, the
open-chain isomer of glucose usually exists only transiently, in small amounts; D-glucose is the usual isomer;
and L-glucose is rare.

Straight-chain molecules are often not literally straight, in the sense that their bond angles are often not 180,
but the name reflects that they are schematically straight. For example, the straight-chain alkanes are wavy or
"puckered", as the models below show.

branched-chain straight-chain cyclic

open-chain

n-nonane

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Open-chain compound - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-chain_compound

Above the open-chain forms of glucose and mannose. Below the cyclic forms.

1. IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected
version: (2006) "polycyclic system (http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04724.html)".
2. Coles, Lydia (1968). "A chromatographic method for the separation of branched-chain and straight-chain
compounds of columns containing urea". Journal of Chromatography A. 32: 657.
doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(01)80544-6 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9673%2801%2980544-6).
3. IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected
version: (2006) "silazanes (http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05669.html)".

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