Definition interpreting

Intrepreting is an activity that consist of establishing oral or manual communication between two
or more speakers who are not speaking ( or signing ) the same language.

Shuttleworth and cowie ( 1997 : 83 )

Interpreting is a term used to refer to the oral translation of a spoken message or text.

Jones ( 1996 )

The interpreter has first to listen to speaker, understand and analyze what is being said, and then
resynthesize the speech in the appropriate form in a different language.

Gentile,ozolins and Vasila kakos

Interpreting is the oral transfer of messages between speakers of different languages.

Translation

The process of translating the writing language from source language to target language.
translators,but also products that are produced in the form of a media article above, the task of a
translator is to transfer text from a source language into the target language and have a more
flexible time.

Catford,1969 : 20

Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language by equpvalent textual

material In another language.

Differenting between interpreting and translation

Interpreting
-In practice the oral translation, The translator
did not have the opportunity to use a dictionary
or any other reference materials, at the time of
the translation takes place due to the limited
time.
Translation
-In practice the translation has the chance to
write using a dictionary or other reference
materials at the time of the translation takes
place because time is flexible.

-Oral language transalator mastered spoken -The translator wrote language write level
language ( listening ) level receptive. receptive

-Oral interpreter claimed the ability to be able -Write translators have to master the ability to
to express the idea in english directly orally or write or express the idea in English in writing
reseptive level. (productive level)
-Oral interpreter speaking skill demanded -In the translator wrote this is not necessary in
(rhetoric) is good and clear sound. translation wrote.

-Oral interpreter must have the ability to make -Translator do not have to write that because it
descious quickly and directly. has the ability to utilize the dictionary or any
other reference appropriately.

Mode of interpreting

-Simultaneous interpreting

Simultaneous interpreting is used for small to large multilingual events, including: business
meetings, conferences, conventions, seminars workshops taking place in a formal setting , such
as an auditorium, or boardroom. It sometimes refered to as United Nations-Style interpreting,
simultaneous interpretation happens in real time :

The interpreter listen to the person who is speaking and renders what is said into the
target language with minimal, indiscerrible delay.
Simultaneous interpreting equipement, such as soundproof booths, wireless receivers and
microphones ensure the quality of the interpretation.

Simultaneous interpretation is the mode in which the interpreter lags slightly behind the source
language speaker, interpreting the message into the target language at almost the same time as
the original message is being said.

In judicial setting, simultaneous interpretation is most frequently practiced from English into
other languages. It is used for most stages in procedings that heavily involve speaking by or
between attorney and judges,such as arraignments,motions, and jury instruction.

-Consecutive interpretation

Is used in formal settings, for most small business meetings, legal proceedings,and medical
consultation. Following this mode :

The interpreter listens to the person who is speaking while taking notes of what is being
said.
The speaker pauses at regular intervals,usually every few sentences,to allow the
interpreter to communicate what has been said to the moment into the target language.
As a result,event duration is extended.
Interpretation equipment is not required

In consecutive interpretation the interpreter listens to a unit of speech in the source language and
they conveys that message into the target language.Many interpreters think that consecutive
interpretation is the most challenging mode because of the necessary memory retention and note
taking skills. In performing this mode,the interpreter must store heard information,recall the
information and then restructure the information in the appropriate linguistic form.The speed of
the delivery information, As well as the complexity of the subject matter, or length of the speech
will likely alter depending on the speaker, requiring the interpreter not only to listen attentively
to the delivered orations,But also to listen and procces different level and types of discourse.
The possible range of content and potentially unpredictable nature of the discourse necessitates
that an interpreter have an expansive vocabulary and complete competence in both languages.its
commonly used when political leaders meet to discuss important issues face to face.

Relay interpreting

Relay interpreting is used when events require interpretation into more than one language at the
same time. This often occurs during large presentations or discussions at large international
conferences with native speakers of multiple languages. For example, if a Russian speaker is
giving a presentation at a conference to a room full of French and Spanish speakers, relay
interpreters will initially need to interpret the spoken content from Russian into a common
language for their fellow interpreters.

Liaison interpretation

As it does not require any special equipment, this type of less formal interpreting is also used at
meetings,receptions, business lunches or dinners, trade fairs and public appearances (
court,police stations, etc )

The interpreter orally translates the conversations to and from the language used. The speakers
pause after presenting an idea to allow the interpreter to translate the message.

Whispering interpreting

Whispering interpreting is where the interpreter sits next to the person needing to understand the
foreign language and whispers whats being in their ear.

No special equipment is required and the interpreting is near real-time.

If the person being interpreted to wishes to speak their whispering interpreter will speak on their
behalf.

The aim to provide personal language support to an individual within a group without impacting
the group as a whole.

As no special equipmentis required, whispering interpreters can walk and talk making them ideal
for site visits.