TRAINING PROJECT REPORT

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

PROCURMENT, ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION OF ROOFTOP

PANELS

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Sant R. Bhasin SATVIK SHARMA 30514804914
HEAD Maharaja Agrasen Institute of
MS RENEWABLE POWER Technology, New Delhi
SOLUTION

37/2/11 SITE-4 SAHIBABAD INDUSTRIAL AREA,

KAUSHAMBI 201010
JUNE-JULY 2017
 CERTIFICATE
,

This is to certify that Mr. SATVIK SHARMA (roll no. 30914804914),

students of degree in (ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING) of
MAHARAJA AGRASEN INSTITUTE OF TECNOLOGY has successfully
completed their project work at M S RENEWABLE POWER SOLUTION on
Study of procuring, engineering & construction of solar plants
under the guidance of SANT R BHASIN. The students have performed all
the related activities during 19/06/2017 to 19/07/2017 i.e. of their
project duration.

Sant R Bhasin
HEAD
(MS RENEWABLE POWER SOLUTION)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am highly indebted to Sant R Bhasin (Head, MS RENEWABLE POWER SOLUTION)

for their invaluable support without which the report could not been worked out the way
it has. I am very much thankful to Mr. Rajiv Bhasin ( ) who helped me immensely in
understanding the basics and complexities of along with additions that made the
quality of report better.

I would also like to extend a note of thanks to all other employees of MS RENEWABLE
POWER SOLUTION specially Mr. Bhupinder Kumar (Site engineer, MS RENEWABLE
POWER SOLUTION) who helped me directly or indirectly in successful completion of
my project.

Last but not the least, I would like to thank my parents & all my fellow trainees who
have been a constant source of encouragement & inspiration during my studies & have
always provided me support in every walk of life

SATVIK SHARMA
(30914804914)

CONTENT
 Introduction

Why solar plants

Off-Grid system

On-Grid system

Hybrid system

Equipment

Maintenance of solar rooftop PV system

Case study

INTRODUCTION
MS Renewable Power Solutions An organization headed by Sant R Bhasin B.E. (Mechanical)
D.C.E. & MBA FMS both from Delhi University a respected Professional in Power Industry, who
has an international experience of over 27 years in Indian and South East Asia Renewable Power
industry.

MS Renewable Power Solutions (MSRPS) is committed to deliver reliable Turnkey EPC Project
Management, Procurement, Engineering and Construction services and build large Grid-connected
Renewable Power Plants across India. Having worked on 4000 MW Renewable Power Projects and
consulted on projects worth more than Rs 2,500 cr, MS Renewable Power Solutions (MSRPS) along
with Solar Universe India Company is working together on numerous Kw/ Mw scale solar power
plants as EPC contracts including full installation, Erection & Commissioning. Solar Universe India
(SUI) is already there in this SOLAR business since year 2003 and achieved many Milestones in
EPC Contracts.

MSRPS offers professional and personalized services in depth consultation across all segments of
Solar Energy. The company is in full swing to partner with government agencies, same vision
professional firms and likeminded individuals who are promoting Renewable Energy usage. For
MRPS this is not just Profit earning business but also working diligently towards preservation of our
resources and our environment for betterment of our countrymen and for future upcoming Human
Generations.

MRPS having experienced team of Engineers and professionals has built up indigenous Capability
to cater needs of Dynamic Energy for individual & society residences, Institutions, Industry,
Commercial Businesses etc.
Solar power is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity, either directly
using photovoltaic (PV), indirectly using concentrated solar power, or a combination. Concentrated
solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into
a small beam. Photovoltaic cells convert light into an electric current using the photovoltaic effect.
Photovoltaic were initially solely used as a source of electricity for small and medium-sized
applications, from the calculator powered by a single solar cell to remote homes powered by an off-
grid rooftop PV system. Commercial concentrated solar power plants were first developed in the
1980s. The 392 MW Ivanpah installation is the largest concentrating solar power plant in the world,
located in the Mojave Desert of California.
As the cost of solar electricity has fallen, the number of grid-connected solar PV systems has grown
into the millions and utility-scale solar power stations with hundreds of megawatts are being built.
Solar PV is rapidly becoming an inexpensive, low-carbon technology to harness renewable
energy from the Sun. The current largest photovoltaic power station in the world is the
850 MW Longyangxia Dam Solar Park, in Qinghai, China.
The International Energy Agency projected in 2014 that under its "high renewables" scenario, by
2050, solar photovoltaic and concentrated solar power would contribute about 16 and 11 percent,
respectively, of the worldwide electricity consumption, and solar would be the world's largest source
of electricity. Most solar installations would be in China and India Currently, as of 2016, solar
power provides just 1% of total worldwide electricity production but growing 33% per annum.

SOLAR POWER IN INDIA

Solar power in India is a fast growing industry. As of 30 June 2017, the country's solar grid had a
cumulative capacity of 13.11 GW. India quadrupled its solar-generation capacity from 2,650 MW on
26 May 2014 to 12,289 MW on 31 March 2017. The country added 3.01 GW of solar capacity in
2015-2016 and 5.525 GW in 2016-2017, the highest of any year, with the average current price of
solar electricity dropping to 18% below the average price of its coal-fired counterpart.
In January 2015 the Indian government expanded its solar plans, targeting US$100 billion in
investment and 100 GW of solar capacity (including 40 GW from rooftop solar) by 2022. About
India's interest in solar power, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said at the 2015 COP21 climate
conference in Paris: "The world must turn to (the) sun to power our future. As the developing world
lifts billions of people into prosperity, our hope for a sustainable planet rests on a bold, global
initiative." India's initiative of 100 GW of solar energy by 2022 is an ambitious target, since the
world's installed solar-power capacity in 2014 was 181 GW.
In addition to its large-scale grid-connected solar PV initiative, India is developing off-grid solar
power for local energy needs. The country has a poor rural electrification rate; in 2015 only 55
percent of all rural households had access to electricity, and 85 percent of rural households depended
on solid fuel for cooking. Solar products have increasingly helped to meet rural needs; by the end of
2015 just under one million solar lanterns were sold in the country, reducing the need for
kerosene. That year, 118,700 solar home lighting systems were installed and 46,655 solar street
lighting installations were provided under a national program; just over 1.4 million solar
cookers were distributed in India.
In January 2016, Prime Minister Narendra Modi and French President Franois Hollande laid the
foundation stone for the headquarters of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) in Gwal
Pahari, Gurugram. The ISA will focus on promoting and developing solar energy and solar products
for countries lying wholly or partially between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.
The alliance of over 120 countries was announced at the Paris COP21 climate summit. One hope of
the ISA is that wider deployment will reduce production and development costs, facilitating the
increased deployment of solar technologies to poor and remote regions.

WHY SOLAR POWER?

As An individual, this is one of the first questions that come up when you are considering the use of
solar energy for your home. Every homeowner will have their own specific reasons for going solar,
but the majority can be grouped into three categories:

Environmental Impact It has that for a every KWh of Energy generated by Solar we save 0.72
Kg of CO2 consequently standard household solar PV system saves almost 1.2 tonnes CO2 every
year emission in our environment having all types of resultant pollutions and adverse effects
Financial Benefits - Now a Days IRR is going beyond 26% P.A. as Cost of Solar Plant has come
down and revenue through including govt. policies of Net Metering allows residential and
commercial customers who generate their own electricity from solar power to feed electricity they
do not use back into the grid and Generation Based Incentive (GBI) of INR 2.00 per unit kwh of
cross solar energy generated is proposed for 3 year has contributed it.

Energy Independence- By using solar energy, you will reduce your dependence on the utility
companies. You will no longer need to have electricity delivered to your home as you will be able to
produce your own solar power electricity.

Understanding why solar energy use is important for you will help you develop a solar energy plan
that can bring your solar vision to life.

Further Key Government Policies supporting today Solar Power Generations

Accelerated depreciation of 80% is available under the income tax act for solar PV system, which is
helpful for all industrial and commercial entities.

Central Government subsidies up to 30% of the cost by MNRE (Ministry of New & Renewable
Energy) for residential and various types of institutions, lower interest Rate & the significant
reduction in solar panel price.

The Ministry of New & Renewable Energy provides central Financial Assistance through capital
and/or interest subsidy.

The Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency provides revolving fund to financing and
leasing companies offering affordable credit for the purchase of PV system in India

Net Metering is a billing mechanism that credits solar energy system owners for the electricity they
add to the grid.Net metering allows residential and commercial customers who generate their own
electricity from solar power to feed electricity they do not use back into the grid.

Generation Based Incentive (GBI) of INR 2.00 per unit kWh of cross solar energy generated is
proposed for 3 year. GBI is provided to support small grid solar power projects connected to the
distribution grid (below 33 KV) to the state utilities.
OFF- GRID SYSTEM

Off-the-grid is a system and lifestyle designed to help people function without the support of
remote infrastructure, such as an electrical grid. In electricity, off-grid can be stand-alone power
system or mini-grids typically to provide a smaller community with electricity.
Off-grid electrification is an approach to access electricity used in countries and areas with little
access to electricity, due to scattered or distant population

Battery bank is set up which stores excess energy and can be used later when required.
 Such systems have an application in areas which do not have access to grid at all or have
very limited access to grid.

They also have an application in areas which can't afford power loss at all.

Cost saving is not an advantage in such system because batteries have regular maintenance
and recurring cost.

STEPS FOR OFF GRID SYSTEM DESIGN

SPECIFICATION OF PV PANEL
ON- GRID SYSTEM
A grid-connected photovoltaic power system, or grid-connected PV power system is
an electricity generating solar PV power system that is connected to the utility grid. A grid-
connected PV system consists of solar panels, one or several inverters, a power conditioning unit
and grid connection equipment. They range from small residential and commercial rooftop
systems to large utility-scale solar power stations. Unlike stand-alone power systems, a grid-
connected system rarely includes an integrated battery solution, as they are still very expensive.
When conditions are right, the grid-connected PV system supplies the excess power, beyond
consumption by the connected load, to the utility grid.

Mostly used in utility scale projects to supply electricity to the grid/DISCOM at pre-
determined Tariffs.

Most suitable for the areas where there are no less power cuts and the customer pays high
electricity Tariffs.

Can be easily synchronized with Diesel Generators.

Can help people save huge cost and generate some extra income

Allow system to avoid storage, which has huge cost.

STEPS FOR OFF GRID SYSTEM DESIGN

STEP-1
STEP-2

STEP-3
STEP-4

Net metering system and grounding wiresare layed. Net metering system is wall maounted
system to be placed beside electric meters. It is used to calculate the unit used and consumed
by the consumer.

HYBRID SYSTEM

Hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) are becoming popular as stand-alone power
systems for providing electricity in remote areas due to advances in renewable energy
technologies and subsequent rise in prices of petroleum products.
A hybrid energy system, or hybrid power, usually consists of two or more renewable energy
sources used together to provide increased system efficiency as well as greater balance in
energy supply.

EQUIPMENTS
Equipment used for installation of a solar power plant are as follows-

1. PV modules (panels): There are two kinds of modules: Thin-film, and Crystalline. Rooftop
solar plants predominantly use crystalline panels because they are more efficient and
therefore better suited to installations like rooftops where space is a constraint.

There are two important parameters about solar panels:

a) Panel efficiency It should be noted that the efficiency of a solar panel is calculated with
reference to the area it occupies. Two 250 Wp panels of different efficiency rating will
generate the same amount of power, but occupy different amounts of space on your rooftop.

b) Capacity rating The capacity of a solar panel is denoted in terms of watts as Wp (watt
peak). E.g., 250 Wp. This is the power output of the plant at 25C. The capacity of the plant
reduces at temperatures above 25C and increases at temperatures below 25C.

2. Inverters: Inverters are a very important component of your rooftop solar PV plant because
they determine the quality of AC power you get, and also the kind of loads that can be
powered with solar different inverters support different levels of starting current
requirements which affects the kind of machinery that can run on solar power. Inverters are
also the only major component of your solar plant that are replaced during the lifetime of the
plant. Not all rooftop solar PV plants generate power during power failures. The solar
inverter uses another source of power as a reference voltage. If the inverter is designed to use
only grid power as a reference voltage, then the inverter will not be able to function in the
absence of grid power and the solar plant will not generate power.

Types of inverters we can classify inverters into 4 types:

a) Grid-tied These inverters are primarily designed to supply the generated power to the
grid and also power the load while grid power is available. This inverter will NOT
generate power during a power failure, not only because it needs grid power as a
reference voltage, but also because the inverter shuts down the system to stop sending
power into the grid and avoids the risk of electrocuting utility personnel who are
working to repair the grid (known as Anti Islanding)

b) Off-grid These inverters do not work with the grid and are designed to work only with
a battery backup or diesel generator in off-grid applications. They are suitable for
 applications where grid power is not available at all, but are not the right choice if you
need your solar plant to work in conjunction with grid supply

c) Grid-interactive These inverters work both with the grid supply and with either a
battery backup or diesel generator to support the load even during a power failure.

d) Hybrid inverters (also known as Bidirectional or magical inverters) are a one system
solution for a complete solar PV system. They can automatically manage between 2 or
more different sources of power (grid, diesel, solar). They have inbuilt charge
controllers, MPPT controller, Anti Islanding solutions, DC and AC disconnects and
other features like automatic turning on/off of the diesel generator, automatic data
logging, and various kinds of protection for the different components of the system,
making them ideally suited for applications that require management of power from
different sources.

3. Solar Panel Mounting Structures: Solar panels are mounted on iron fixtures so that they
can withstand wind and weight of panels. The panels are mounted to face south in the
Northern Hemisphere and north in the Southern Hemisphere for maximum power tracking.
The tilt of the panels is at an angle equal to the latitude of that location. The proper design of
mounting structures is important to power plant performance as the power output from the
PV plant will not be maximized if the mountings buckle and the panels are not optimally
oriented towards the sun. In addition, improperly mounted panels present a ragged
appearance that is not pleasing to the eye. Allowing sufficient air circulation to cool the PV
panels is also an important factor that mounting structures should be designed for because, as
mentioned above, rooftop PV plant output falls as temperatures rise above 25C.

4. Solar Trackers Tracking is a way of mounting the panels through a mechanism that allows
the panels to follow the sun as it moves across the sky. Single-axis trackers follow the sun as
it moves from East to West during the day, while dual-axis trackers also follow the sun on its
North-South journey over the course of a year. Trackers can increase the power output from
the PV plant but add significantly to both the initial cost of the plant and maintenance
expenditure; utilization of trackers should be decided on a case-to-case basis after
performing a cost-benefit analysis over the lifetime of the rooftop plant.

5. Batteries A battery pack can add about 25-30% to the initial system cost of a rooftop PV
solar system for one day autonomy (storing an entire days output).Charge controllers that
are integrated into the inverter are preferred as the inverter directs either grid power or solar
power, based on availability and demand, to charge the batteries. This extends the battery life
compared with using stand-alone charge controllers that allow parallel charging between grid
and solar power at different power levels, damaging the battery
 Reasons to use batteries:-

a) Make power available when the sun isnt shining This can be particular useful
for applications where electrical consumption is greater during the night than in the
day, such as BPOs that work on night shifts, or even residential apartments where
most people are away during the day and at home during the night

b) Smoothen power delivery during the day Clouds moving across the sun can
suddenly reduce the output from your rooftop plant. A battery backup can ensure that
the load gets sufficient power during such dips in plant output

c) Immediately cut-in during power failures If space isnt available for a large
rooftop plant, solar panels with batteries can be used to support the load until a diesel
generator can be turned on

d) Optimize time-of-use billing If the utility charges different tariffs based on time
of day, power from the batteries can be used to reduce consumption at those times
when utility power is very expensive.

MAINTENANCE OF SOLAR ROOFTOP PV SYSTEM

The basic rooftop solar PV system has no moving parts and therefore requires very little
maintenance. Additional components, such as trackers and batteries, can significantly increase the
maintenance effort and expenditure.

Solar panels These typically require little to no maintenance beyond having the dust
cleaned off them. Solar panels can be expected to last for 25 years

Inverter This can be affected by grid power quality or other issues common to power
equipment such as humidity or short-circuits caused by insects, and may require some
maintenance such as replacement of capacitors. The lifespan of an inverter is 5-10 years

Mounting structures These typically last the lifetime of the plant and do not require
maintenance, unless tracking systems are used Tracking mechanisms involve moving parts
that can wear out and/or break. The require lubrication, parts replacement, and sufficient
room on the rooftop for maintenance access

Other parts of the system Cabling, switchgear, fuses, etc. will require minor maintenance to
ensure correct operation

Batteries As discussed above, batteries require careful maintenance to function reliably. Typical
lifespan is 3-5 year
 CASE STUDY: SOLAR POWER PLANT INSTALLATION
OF 10KWp HYBRID SYSTEM SPV SYSTEM

CONTENS
1. Plant details
2. Panel Specification
3. Inverter detail
4. Grouting of structure poles
5. Mounting structure details
6. Super structure
7. Array junction box
8. System protection
9. Net metering
10. Performance

.
1. SOLAR POWER PLANT DETAILS:
System Size: 11 Kw
Solar Panels: 305wp *36 Panel
Battery Bank: 12.5V x 10 Pcs
Date of commissioning:14.10.2016
Date of completion : 19.10.2016
Generation: 13,200 Electrical units/year

2. PANEL SPECIFICATION:.

Brand: Vikram Solar

Power Max (Pm):305w
Vmp:37.82V
Imp:8.05A
Voc: 45.45V
I sc:8.79A
Cell efficiency: 17.26%
 Module efficiency: 15.89%
No. Of Cells: 72
FIRE RATING TYPE: CLASS C
DIMENSION(mm): 1955x982x36

3. INVERTER DETAIL:

Brand: ENERTECH
Maximum efficiency:97.1%
DC VOLTAGE:120
VOC: 300 V
VM POINT: 165-250V
Type of Inverter: Solar Hybrid System
Capacity: 12KVA.
4. GROUTING OF STRUCTURE POLES:
There IS grouting of 1.5 feet by grouting material of best ratio.
Area Grouted by material is 1.5*1.5sq. feet.

5. MOUNTING STRUCTURE DETAILS:

Rotating type structure.
Six sets of structure used.
Each set structure contains six panels.
 6. SUPER STRUCTURE:
Is named SUPER STRUCTURE as because the upper part of the panel is in 1800
rotation which is controlled by the TIME TRACKER , tracking the sun in terms of
Time to achieve maximum efficiency gained by direct sunlight.
7. ARRAY JUNCTION BOX DETAIL:

A.J.B. Type: Six I/P, One O/P.

 Contents Of A.J.B.: SPD, MCB(32A) and FUSE

8. SYSTEM PROTECTION:
LIGHTING ARRESTOR:
Two set of GI Strip of 36 Feet connected with LA& system using
earthing kit to Protect the System by lighting.

SYSTEM EARTHING:
We have used 10 feet &5 feet depth for earthing to the system & LA .

SURGEPROTECTIONDEVIOCE (SPD).
MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB).

9. NET METERING SYSTEM:( GRID TIED)

Energy meters connected for Net metering with NDPL.
 Power generated by solar power plant can be calculated.

10. PERFORMANCE:
This system of 11Kwp solar power plant installation completed within Ten
days. Although the performance of the photovoltaic modules was good.
Daily datasets of 30-minute average data have been used for in-depth
analysis. This SPV plant is estimated to afford annual energy feed of
10.9KWh considering efficiency of the solar module as 15.46%, Inverter/
Power Conditioning Unit (PCU) as 97.1%.