2.

7 RESULT

Volume of NaOH added (ml) Titration 1 (pH) Titration 2 (pH)

0 4.09 4.01

1 4.37 4.41

2 4.56 4.53

3 4.79 4.73

4 4.97 4.88

5 5.01 5.06

6 5.34 5.23

7 5.57 5.44

8 5.74 5.73

9 6.73 6.3

9.5 9.86 7.58

10 9.94 10.76

10.5 10.86 11.18

11 10.94 11.33

11.5 11.54 11.42

2.8 CALCULATION
Based on graph 2.7-1 and 2.7-2,

Titration 1 Titration 2

Equivalence point volume

(mL NaOH) 9.8 9.6

Half-equivalence point

volume (mL NaOH) 4.9 4.8

Equivalence point pH 9.2 9.2

Half-equivalence point pH 5.0 5.1

Table 2.8

2.8.1 Method 1

Determine the Ka value of unknown weak acid by titration curve with NaOH

Titration 1

By using Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation,

[base]
pH pKa log
[acid]

At half-equivalence point,

[acid] [base]

pH pKa log(1)
pH pKa

When pH= 5,

pKa 5
Ka 10 -5 1 10 5

Titration 2
By using Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation,

[base]
pH pKa log
[acid]

At half-equivalence point,

[acid] [base]

pH pKa log(1)
pH pKa

When pH= 5,

pKa 5.1
Ka 10-5.1 7.94 10 6

Average Ka from both trial,

(7.94 10-6 ) (110-5 )

Average K a 8.97 106
2

2.8.2 Method 2

Determine the Ka value of unknown weak acid from equivalence point.

 HA(aq) NaOH(aq) NaA(aq) H 2 O(l )

Based on this equation, 1 mol of unknown acid react with 1mol of NaOH solution

producing 1 mol of salt and 1 mol of water.

Titration 1

Number moles of NaOH that reacted.

1L
9.8 mL NaOH 0.0098 L NaOH solution
1000 mL

0.1 mol NaOH

0.0098 L NaOH solution 9.8 10-4 mol NaOH
1 L NaOH solution

Number mole of unknown acid, x acid neutralized by the moles of NaOH.

1 mol x acid
9.8 10-4 mol NaOH 9.8 10- 4 mol x acid
1 mol NaOH
A - ( aq ) H 2 O(l ) HA(aq ) OH - (aq )

no. mole of x acid 9.8 10 -4 mol x acid

[A - ]initial 0.04949 M
total volume (0.01 0.0098) L

A- HA OH-
Initial (M) 0.04949 0 0
Change (M) -X +X +X
Equilibrium (M) 0.04949-X X X

X is [OH-] that can be obtain from pH at the equivalence point where pH= 9.2.

- log[H ]
10-14
pH
[OH ]
-

1.58 10 -5 M
] 10
[H[H ] -9.2

6.31 10 -10 M

X= [OH-]= 1.58x10-5 M

A- HA OH-
Initial (M) 0.04949 0 0
Change (M) -1.58x10-5 +1.58x10-5 +1.58x10-5
Equilibrium (M) 0.04949-(1.58x10-5) 1.58x10-5 1.58x10-5

[HA][OH-] (1.58 10 -5 ) 2
Kb 5.05 10-9
[A-] 0.04949 - (1.58 10-5 )

10 -14
Ka 1.98 10 -6
Kb

Titration 2

Number moles of NaOH that reacted.

1L
9.6 mL NaOH 0.0096 L NaOH solution
1000 mL

0.1 mol NaOH

0.0096 L NaOH solution 9.6 10-4 mol NaOH
1 L NaOH solution

Number mole of unknown acid, x acid neutralized by the moles of NaOH.

1 mol x acid
9.6 10-4 mol NaOH 9.6 10-4 mol x acid
1 mol NaOH
A - ( aq) H 2 O(l ) HA(aq ) OH - (aq )

no. mole of x acid 9.6 10-4 mol x acid

[A - ]initial 0.04898 M
total volume (0.01 0.0096) L

A- HA OH-
Initial (M) 0.04898 0 0
Change (M) -X +X +X
Equilibrium (M) 0.04898-X X X

X is [OH-] that can be obtain from pH at the equivalence point where pH= 9.2.

- log[H ]
10-14
pH
[OH - ]
1.58 10 -5 M
[H[H] 10
] -9.2
6.31 10 -10 M

X= [OH-]= 1.58x10-5 M

A- HA OH-
Initial (M) 0.04898 0 0
Change (M) -1.58x10-5 +1.58x10-5 +1.58x10-5
Equilibrium (M) 0.04898-(1.58x10-5) 1.58x10-5 1.58x10-5

[HA][OH-] (1.58 10 -5 ) 2
Kb 5.10 10 -9
[A-] 0.04898 - (1.58 10-5 )

10 -14
Ka 1.96 10 -6
Kb

Average Ka from both trial,

(1.98 10-6 ) (1.96 10-6 )

Average K a 1.97 10 6
2
Average Ka from method 1: 8.97x10-6

Average Ka from method 2: 1.97x10-6

By comparing from both method, Ka value of the unknown acid is nearest to that formic

acid of 3.91x10-6

Percentage error of method 1

theoretical value - experimental value

100%
theoretical value
(3.91 10 6 ) (8.97 10 6 )
100%
3.91 10 6
129.41%
Percentage

error of method 2

theoretical value - experimental value

100%
theoretical value
(3.91 10 6 ) (1.97 10 6 )
100%
(3.91 10 6 )
49.61%