It comes to mind that possibly English type Past

Continuous implies some continuity of another

action apart from given one of He was going. For
example, As he was going, his friend came by.

or
The latter style
wherein and are both in
Sixth case is called as - construct.
If one action has already just happened and another
action takes place, e.g. He went and his friend came
by. or After he went, his friend came by, or As he
went, his friend came by; then one would say,
Here,
and both are in Seventh Case.
This is called as - construct.
As can be seen, both - and -
constructs are equivalents of the sub-
clauses As he was going, After he went. As can
be seen, he went is Past Simple. But significance
of After in After he went is not brought out in the
Types of Past Tense in English.
We should bear in mind that every language has
some unique concepts. So, exact equivalent of every
other construct in one language may not be available
in another language.
In Sanskrit there are three types of Past Tense
1. (also called as ) e.g. He went
(in recent past)
2. (also called as ) e.g. He went
(long ago)
1. Dictionary meaning of is out of or
beyond the sight (of the speaker).
2. For example, if I should be telling Pandava-s
went to forest, the way to say would be

3. In Mahabharata, Muni Vyasa would have
written
using (or ) past tense,
because he had himself seen it all.
4. At this initial stage of learning Simple
Sanskrit, one need not worry much about the
fine difference between (or
) past tense and (or )
past tense.
 5. Even when saying so, it comes to mind that
the concept of (or ) past
tense, out of or beyond the sight (of the
speaker) is improbable for first person (I, we)
and second person (you) pronouns. So,
inflections in (or ) past
tense are irrelevant for these pronouns. That
makes learning (or ) past
tense also simple. One needs to primarily learn
the three inflections of only the third person.
3. (for which English grammarians have
given the name Aorist) e.g. . Use
of Aorist past is rare in Sanskrit itself. So, one
need not worry much about it, at least at this
initial stage of learning Simple Sanskrit.
At this initial stage of learning Simple Sanskrit, it
is adequate to learn only the (or
) past tense and the three inflections in
(or ) past tense for third person
pronouns. The detailing here is primarily to appraise
of these details, so that one would not become
askance, if one comes across these usages when
reading Sanskrit literature.
All inflections in (or ) past tense
have an adjunct . Now, here is an interesting logic
that comes to mind for to have been chosen as an
adjunct. The letter is used as an adjunct also to
make opposites, antonyms of positive concepts, e.g.
(untruth, falsehood) is negative, opposite,
antonym of (truth). When plotting a time-
scale, if we place zero for now or for the present
tense, everything of the past would be plotted on the
negative side of zero. So past tense is negative side
the -side of present tense. So, becomes a good
adjunct to obtain inflections in (or
) past tense !
It would be good to enlist three (or
) inflections and all nine inflections in
(or ) past tense for all the 25
-s listed in Lesson 1 and 2.
Table 9-3
Inflections in and past tenses for 16
-s listed in Lesson 1

No. Verbal root Meaning Inflections in


.
. .
1 to go . .

.
. . :
2 to say, to speak . .