You are on page 1of 53



GEOGRAFY

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)




o  :- 15 08 22 01 . ( )
 :- 72 06 80 09 ). (+ +)
o  , 3 +- )
.
o :- 77 08 .
o  :- 03,07,713 1 . 7+ 7 09.36
1  .
o 2011 3+ 7) 11 7 23 ) 72 972 .
7+ 7)7 09.29 1 7) 7 . 2001
3+ + 09.42 7 7 .
o - 700 1 . - 800 1 .
o 720 1 1 .  1
1 .
o  .
o :- , 3,  ,
 3 77, 3 3 7
. - 7  . : 
.
o 1 1  3 .
o 7+ 35 , 357 7, 27 906 3 .
o 23 3 7 . 30 2010 " " + 23 3 7
.
o 2011 ,  03 3 7
.
o 221 3 . 7 195 3 7
+7 .
o :- 110 +7
50 1  .
o 3 05 . 3, 11 3, 3, 1 ,
1 . .
o 7+ 07 77 . 7+ 62 77 .
o 33 . 3 3+ 
.
o 335 .
o :- -, -3, -, 77
-+, 1 -1 .
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781) 2
o 1999 " " +  7+
.
o 1 06  :-
. 1. 1   1

1) 11 , 3, +, 06
3, 3 3
2)  + +, 3, , 7 05

3) 1 7 7, 3, , 05
3.
4) , , +, 05
7 .
5)  3 3, , 3, , 06
3.
6)  3 3, , +, 3, 08
, ,

o 05 2009 7 3 .
3 , ,   04 7+ .
+ 3 +: 3 + .
o 1 05 1  .
. 1. 1  1

1) 11 , 3, +, 06
3, 3 3
2) +, 3, , 7 07
, 7, 3.
3)  / 3, . 03

4) 3, , 3, , 11
, 3, , ,
+, 7 .
5)  3, , +, 3, 08
, ,

o 2011 15 3+  1
.

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781) 3


o 1 +  . + 7) 01 7 10
) . 1 1  . 08 ) 48
.
o 2011 3+ 1 324 . 2001
315 . 1 382 2001 324
.
o 2011 3+ 1000   925
2001 922 . 1000   940
2001 933 . 2011 3+ 1 
 . 1000 3 1123 .
1  . 1000 3 838 .
 69 1 .
o 2011 3+  82.91 1 . + 2001
76.77 1 . 2011 3+ 
 .  98.11 1 . 1 
. + 63 1 .
o :- 01 1960
26 , 229 1 04 1  .


3 
01 1981
3
16 3 1982
 26 3 1982
 04 1990
7
01 1998

+ 
01 1999

o    (1947) . 
29 1953 ) 7+ .
01 1956 7+ .
o 01 1956 1 7+ . 7
 7+ . 1
  . "11"
"" 1 1 3 7 1 .
o 01 1960 . 01 " "
"1 1 " + 7 . 
  1 .

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781) 4


1 . 1 .
. 1 . . .  .
1 .
o 1 03 11  .
1) 77+ 7
2) /
3) )) / /
o , ) 3 "11"
+. 11 "" ) .
o 11 :- 3
 77+ 7 .
o 11  :- 77+ 7  720 7 . 
 +  77+ .
o 77+ ) 11 1 30 60 1
.  90 95 7 1 40 46 7
. 77+ 1 1 3 .
) 77+ 100 7 . 11 .
o 77+ 37  30,394 7 . 77+ 02  .
1) 11 2) 11.
o 11 , ,   
11   . 77+  11 1
1  3 1 .
o 77+  1 1 . 7
3 ) 3 "" +. 7
. )   "" +.
o 11  :- 11  7
) 3 . + )
3 "" +. 77+ 7 7 ) . )
1 1 1 )+ .
1) + ), . +
2) ), . +
3) ), . +
4) ), . 3
5) ), . 3
6) ), . 3
7) +7 ), . 3
8) ), . 3
9) 3, . 3
10) 3, . 3
11) ) ), 3
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781) 5
o 11 1 :-
11 1 11
7, 3, 3, 3+, 3, . 
-
3, 3 . 

. 

o :- 77+ 7 1
. + .  1
7+  1989
+ .
o + , , , , , ,  )
. 7 . 1 49 .
o 77+ 7 " "  . 1969
 1 7+ .
1 7 . 1 1 ,
1903 7+ .
o / :- 1 .
)) 7.  11
. 7+ 1600 1
800 1 . 900 1200 .
3 7 + 7 . 30
60 7 . . 3
+ 3 3 + 7
.
o   :- 1 (1646 ) ) 1-
"1" .  1
 . (1567 ) 77, 3 )
(1446 ) 77 7 (1304 ) ) . )
7 . (1), (),  ()
) .
o :- "" (1325 ) ) 3 
. "" 3  . .
o :- ) " " +.
:- (-3), 3+ ().  " " +
) .
o  1 :- , 3 (), 3 (), 3(7),
3 (3), 3.
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781) 6
o   :- ) 3 3
.
1)   :- 3 3 3  .
3  3 3 3 3 +.
3 3 " " 77 7. 3
7+ ) 3 .  
+ 33 ) .
2) -   :- 3 + 3 3 .
3 3 3 02 ) 3 .
3 3    )
. 3 3 . :-
.
3) -   :- 3 3 ) 3 .
1 3 3 .  
3 + ) .  7 3 
 7 "" . 3 3
   +. 7 3 3
3 3 "1-1"
1 ) .
4)   :- 3+ 3 (), 3 (3), 3 3 (3),
(), 3 (3), 7 3 (3),  ().
5) :- 3 - . 3
+ + .
) 3 3 . 3 
7 . 3  "" 
(1325) . 3 7 3 7
"" ) . 3
(1177 )  (1115 ) ) .
o :- --------1
o :- 2010 1 + 1 +
 ) .

/  /
o . " " +.
 . 1 1
. 450 . 90 1
3 . ) 7 .
" " +.
o . 1) 33 "-"
. 2) 3 3 " " . 3) -
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781) 7
3   . 4) "
" . 5) 7 "" .
o ): 7  + ) .
o 1 :- 1) (3) 2) () 3)
(3) 4) () 5) (3) 6)(7) 7)
() 8) 3+ () 9) + ) (+).


o )  1 . ) 7 7
 . 1) 2)
7 .
o :- 3 7 37
3 3 +. ))
7  
 . + ) + .
1)  :- 3  . 3
09 . ))
. 3 " " 7 " " ) . 
) " " + . + 3
7+ 7 ) . 7 +
7 + 3 7 . 3
) " " 7 . " 1 " 3
7 7 12 . 2003 7 1
. 3 +- 2015 1 1 + .
  :- 1 1
"" 3 3 . 1 7+ 12 1
1 . 3 3 80 7 .
7 3 . 3
. 3 7+ 1498 / 1450 / 1415 7 . 
7+ 668 1 . + 3 ) 49
1  .
3 1 09 . 1)7 2)
3)3 4) 5) 6)3 7)+ 8) 9) .
 :- +, 7+, , , , , +, , +,
77, .
 1 :- 7, , 1, +, 33), .
  :- 3   . 1
+ . "1 1" 3
  . 7 + ""
+. 7 1975 1 7 .
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781) 8
:- 3 " 1" 3 7 .
7 + . 3
+ 7 7+   .
"1  1" .
 7 "" ) . 
  3 .
11  " " (+ )
.  . 
. :- , 7, , 7 .

2) :-  1,  . 12 1
1 1  . 1 .
7+ 451 1 . 11
1 1 .  +, ,
, 3, , .
:- , +, , , , 3, , , , + .
3 . 
1 7 + " " ) .
"" 7 " "   .
" " + . +
" " ) .

3) 1 :- 7+  . . 7+
7 + 3 . 7+ , 11
03 . 7+ 7+ 1280 1
282 1 . 7+ ,  1
) .
1 :- 7, , ++, , , , 33,
.
1 1 :- , 7, , 3, , .
1 " " + ) . 7 "1
" + . 1967 7 + 1 .
 (7, 7, , 3, ) .
:- 30 2010 7+ + + 7.
7 03 7 + 7+ .
1) :- 1001
2) 11 :- 911
3) :- 666
77 + 77 3 +
. + 519.05 524 7 .

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781) 9


 1 + . 7+ +
 1 .

o :-
1) :- . 3 +
3 1 . 
 "" 1 "" . ,
 ,  .
1 720 1 . 208 1
. 3 .
:-  () ), 3+, , , , , 33
+ .
) , 7, , +, 3, ,
. .
  
7.

2)  :- +  . + 3 
 .      .
 :- , 33, + +.
 ,  .
3) :- . 3
 "11" . 1 1290 1
54 1 . 7
. 3 7+ 7 3 .
, 3 .
. " " .  "
1" + . 7 + + +
. 7 + 1 7 77 7 .

11 :- - - - .
1) :- 11 + ) .
130 1 .   "" .
77+ :- , , , (+), +, , 7,
+33, ) . .
o "" 77+ 1 .
o "" 77+ 1 .
o  1  +  .

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

10
o  :-
 / 1
,  ( )
+
3 + , .
+   , 
7+ ++ , .
, .
7+ 33 , 3.
7+ 7 7, .
3 7, 3.
7+ , 3.

o 1 :-
1 .
.
+ , +.
3,3.
7 3.

.
,.
+ 3, .
3 / .
33 7.
+, .

.
 
3 7, , +, 1, 33), .
7+ 3, , 7, , , .
( 500 + )

o  :-

 , 3, .
, , 3 3 3
77+ 7, 3 3
11 +.
+.
1 / 1 +, 3, 7, + 3
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

11
7 3 7

o :- 7+ 93 (7 06) .
1 1

/ 3
3 ,
33 / / 7+ 77
3 3
/ 7 3, , + 7
o 7 " 1" .
o 7 "  , "
. "" 7 .
o  :-
 1 1
1  
+
3
3 +
+ 3
7 + +
7
3 7 3 +
1  7
1 3 
7 3
3
3
/ 7
-+
3 / 3 3
3 3
3

 


1
33 +

77+

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

12
- 
7 + 3
o 2011 1 + 86 1 3  7 .
 :-
 
/ 7 - 7
- +
7 - 3
1 - 
1 1 - 
 -
- 7+
)7 + -
 -
-
 - 1

:-
o 7, +-, + 7 .
1897  "" 7+ 1
+ .   7
1 . 7 7 . 7
 72 3 .

1 :-
1 1 1
7 7 ( ) 7
+ 7 + +
1 () 3-+ 3
7 3 +
3 7 
7 3
) 
3
3
 
+ +
3 +

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

13

7
o 1 7 7 .
1 1 :-
1 1 1  
 118 3
1330
1 1 910
690
7 3 482
1 62.5
1 1100
  420
3 1840
  500
o 1 7 . 7+
1 / 1 - 65 7, /  - 22 7,  - 03 7 - 10
7 + 7 .
o 3 7 7+ 04 7 .
1) :- 1 1 + 90 95 1 .
2) :- 7 + 70 80 1.
3) 3 :- 50 60 1.
4) :- 30 40 1 :- 1 1 + ) .
o "" 7 7 .

 / 1 1 :-
o 1 7  1 ", . " 1969
7+ . 7  420 3 . ,
,  +7 + 7 .
o 7 10  1948 "  "
7+ .  . + 3 
+ 3  "1 " .
,  7 .
o 1957   / International Atomic Energy
Agency (IAEA) 7+ . IAEA  , .
IAEA  1 () .
o + 7+ 7+ 45 . 1
18 2005 123 7  1 . 7 "123 1" +.
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

14
09  1 7 . 7 7
7 . 1 7+ .
o 1958  1 / Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)
, 7+ 7+ . BARC 7+ 05 + 7 .
1) (04 3 1956)  -  7.
2) / (10 1960) - 1 1
3) (14 1961) - .
4) + (1972) - + 3 05 7+ .
5) (1985)
o :- 2010 40 3 + 7 7 .
o  7+  1 .
o  1 :- 7  .
7 7+ 06 + + . 7  9900 
+ . 7 7 7 7 . 7
 + 7 .
o 1 :- 7 176 1 .
03 1974 + . 7 2000 7 
. 5.5 1 7 37 + .
) 37 . ONGC /  1
7 )) . 7+ 37 7 50 1
.  1 1 ""
1903 7+ .
:-
o 11 (49 1) 3.
11 3.
7 .  .  7+ . 1,
7 . 2001 845
7 703 .

 :-

 , 3, 3.
7+ 7 40 1 .
) , 3, , 3, 3.
 7+ ) .
7, 3, 3, 3, , 3.
62  7 .
7 , 3 3.
7+ 10 7 .
) , , 3.
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

15
, , 3, 3, 3.

1 , 
7 / 3, 3
o 7+ ) 2.5 1 ) .
:-
1 1
18 1857 1
7 1925 3 7
+ 1948 + 7
1 1950 1
SNDT
7 1958 3

1963 7
 1983 1
 1988 1 11

1989 3
. . . 1990 +, 3 7
1994
7 1997 7, 3 7
 1998 1 + 7
2000 
2004 3
 2011 

1 :-
1 1 1
7 1968 , .  7
 1 1969 1
11 1 1972 , .  7 -2011

7 1972 + 7 3
o :-  7+ .
o 1985  7+ "1 " 7+ .
73 7 7 .
o "1 " ,  1995 7+ .
o " "  .
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

16
o  " "  .
o "1 " .
o "1 "  .
o " 1 / "  .

 :-

/ 
( )  1
7 3 +, 3
+ + 7

+
7 7

3 +
 ( ) 
7 3 + +

+ + 3
)7 +
  1

o 1 + , + , 1 +
, +  +.

 :-
o 7+ 15 3 . 7 03  .
3 7. 07, 09 12 .
o : 09  7 .
1)  :- 3 250 400 . 3
7 .  . 
. 3 + 77+ 3 3 .
, . .  . , 7, ,
3 7 .
2)  :- 225 300 . 3
. 7 7 3 . , , , 1

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

17
 7 . , , , 1, 1 7
.
3) 1  :- 300 500 .
3 7 . 3 , , , 1,
7 3 . , ,  7 .
4) 1 :- 125 300 . 3 7 .
1, 1, ,  7 3 . ,
 7 + .
5)  :- 75 125 . 3 7 7
. , 1, ,  1 7 3 .
, , , , 1  7 .
6)  :- 50 70 . 3 ) 7
. ) 7 . , , , 1,
7 3 3 . ) 7 .
, 1, , 7 .
7)  :- 70 100 . 3
7 .  , 
. 1, , , , , 1 ) 7
.
8)  :- 3 90 125
. 3 7 7 . , , ,
, ,  . , , , , ,
7 .
9)  :- 125 175 . 7
. , ,  . 1
 . , , 1 7 .

 1 :-
o 1958 " 1 " 7.
  . 7 +
3 .
o  1 ) 1971 "
" + . . 1978
. 1985 7+ .
1997 + .
o 3 7+ 3 15 7 . 3 7+ 7 53 7
. " " 7, + .
3 . 3 .

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

18
o 1947 " 1" . "  " 3
7+ 1965 7+ . 3
7 1.25 .
o 7 7 283  7 .
3 1 + 3 .
o " 1 1" +  1 ) .
o " 1 1" + ) .
o "1 1 1" + 1 ) .
o " 1 1" + 1 ) .
o " 1" + 1 1 ) .
o " 1" + ) .
o "1 1" + ) .
o " 1 1" + ) .
 .
o "  1" + ) .
o " 1" + 1 ) .
o  1 ) 1958 7+ . +
3 7 7.
o  1  . 3 113
77 3.
o  7 3 11 3. 3
+ 3 3 . + 3
.
o " " 1,  .
o "1 / 1 1" 1,  .

1  :-
o :- 7 3+    1 1854
"1 " 7. + 1, .
1 ) .
o 1  1951 1 .
1  "1 1 1 1 "
1960 7+ . 31 2009 ) 166 3+ . 31 2009
) 286 7 3+ . 7 89 7 3+ .
7 3+ 73 3+7 18 1982 )
. 18 2012 30 + . 1
 1 .

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

19
o ) 7) 1920 "" . 1950
) 1  1 " "  
7+ .  - 02 ) . 3
7) 7.
o    +  3 )
77 3   .
o -., -., -., -
. 7+ 1  . 73 3+ ,
 7+ .
o 1  -. -. .

 1 :-

) 3 3 1962
3 1966
 1972 
7 - 1978

 :-
 11  
NH - 03 3 391 7. , +, , 7, .
NH - 04 371 7. +, , 3, 3.
NH - 04 B 27 1 1 
NH - 06 11 686 1 , 1, .
NH - 07 + 77 232 7 3, 3.
NH - 08 128 7 , 3
NH - 09  336 1 , 
NH - 13 3 43 7 , 3
NH - 16 30 7 3
NH - 17 3 472 7 3, , + 3
NH - 50  1 192 1 ---
NH - 69 3 3 55 7 ---
NH - 204  1 126 1 ---
NH - 211 400 7 ---
o :- 3 77 04 3 7 .
3 77 08 + 7 . NH - 04 B NH - 50 3
. 3 77 04 B 1
3 .

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

20
o (MSRTC) 1948 7+ .
3 + 7 7 .

1  1 :-
1
3 3
7+ 3.
() .
, +, 3, 3, 3
3 7 , 3, .
+ +,3
3
1  , ..

1 (1 ) 1 . .
o 7 7 77 1  SEZ 225 . 7
146 7 7 . SEZ 7 10 2006
. 1 1  .
"" + 7+ .

:-
1
3, .
1 , .
 7, 3.
7 + .+

, .
3.
73 3, 3
3.
7 + . 7.

 1 :-
.1. 1 1
1. 1 , .
2. 1 1, . 
3. 7 , . 
4. 7 , . 
5. 7 , . .
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

21
6. 1 1 , .
7. 1 1, .
8. 7 .
9. 1 , .
10. 1 1 , .
11.  1 , .
12. ) 7 , .3
13. 7 , .3
14. 1  1 , . .
15. 1 1 , . 1
16. 7 7 3
17. ,  1 ..

/:-
 /  1
26 2008 1 7.
11 7 7+.
1 03 1 7.
+7 3 7+7.
. 1 .
1 .
 7 7+7.
7 -3 + +7.
1 7+7.
7+7.
7 7 )-7 + +.
. . 7 77 + 7+7.
37 7 +7.
7 3 7+.
3 + +7.
1  1 7.



+ 3 :- 1 +
7+ .

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

22
.
+.
) 3.
) + -..
7 +.
+ .

 

, 1 
3, , . 
3

:-


3 , .
7 +, 3
3 3, +.
, + 3, 3.
1 , .
3, 3.
, 3.
o "  1" 1  .

, 1, :-
,
7, 7, 3 +. +
, )7, 1. 
, 1. 
7 +.
+ , 33 . +
+
1 

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

23
o " " 1 " " 
. 50 . 7+ " "
 ) .
o , , ,   7+ 11 1
.
o 1 ., -., -.1, -
., -.,  .  .
o  7+ 1  1
. 1 ) . 7 .
o  " " ) . 7
+ + )
.

:-
o :- 16 1853 
. 7 3 7 .
34 1 . 7+ 
.
o 3 1825  .
o 03 1925 1 3
.
o 1986 3+7 + .
o 1991 "  ( )"  .
o 7+ 17  . 17 3 ( ) 11
7+ .
o 02  .
1) ()  )
2) () CST ).

1 1
1 - . ( 1 + )
 1
7
7 +
 
+
3 + ( )

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

24
- 1

11 :-
o 26 1998 "11 " . 11 1 " "
.  3 . 77+ 1 762 1
382 1 . 77+ 7+ 06
7.
o "1 " 1 7 77+ 3 7+ .
o  "1" 77+ 3  1
(6.45 1)  .
o  "" 77+ 3 
(65 ) .
o 1 + 7 + 11 2003 "" .
o 16 2003 1  7+ .

:-
1
77 +
National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) 

1, 
{WALMI} 
3 - MERI 7
3
National AIDS Research Institute {NARI} , 
1 1 , 
7
+ - NDA )7, +
1 , 1
Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC) 
INS +, +
INS , .
INS .

:-
1

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

25
)+ 3
 
7 +

7 +


1 :-
o 1  2000 7 " 1" ) 7
.
1 1
7
7 / 7
1
7
1
 1
1 1 1
7
3 7
1 1
:-

, 7 , .
3 7,  .
3 1 ,
7 , 
.
3 1
1
7 3 , 3 7.
,  1 1
3 7
+

---------------------------------------000---------------------------------------

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

26

:-


+ 3 7 3 3
7 337 7, 3) 7 3 7 3
1  1
3 ), , 3. 7 3 3
+ +, 3 7 3 3 3
, 3
3 7 , 3 3 3
 ,  1 1
7 () 7
3
7
) ) 3

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

27
 1 11
+ 3 + 3
7 3 11

   1
 1 1
(26) (16) (17)

3 3 )
 1 1
11  1  1
1 1 1
7
1 1
3 77 3 7 +
7 7
)
  11  1 1 1

1 :-
1 

, ,  
, 3, 3 3
7 -- 3
3 3 -- 1
+ + 3 -- 7
 1 --
  -- 

:-
o )  . + )  .
o 7+  32,87,263 1 . 3 7+ 7 2.42
1  . 3  07 77 3.
R - (7)
C -7 ()
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

28
C - (3)
A -7 (3 )
B - ()
A - (1)
B - ( )
o 2011 3+ 7) 121 1 7 . 7)
(134 7) 11 3.
o  7) " " 3 .
o  - 8 04' 37 06'  .
o  - 68 07' 97 25' ) .
o :-
3 7  7 3

3 3 3

o "1 " " " 1 3
. 7 3 " 1" 7 7+7 7
7 ) .
o " " 1 1 . 3 1970
"-" .
o 3 1 . 11 2011 
8.9 1 7 . 7 1 +
3 . 7 .
o 1 ) " " . )
2006 .
o  3214 1 . 2933 1 .
o 1 1 7517 1 .  
1 6100 1 . 1 - 15200 1 .
o :- 3 "11" 3 . 7+ 08 1
. 77 , , 3, ), 3, ,
( ), 3 .
o 15 3 1947 . 14 1 .
28 7 07 7 . 09 2009 7 3
"" 3 7 .
+ .  7+7 ". 1"
) + . 3+ 7+ 7 
" "  .

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

29
o 7+ 09 7 1 .
1)  :- 1. 7) .
2) :- 720 1. 8) .
3)  :- 1 1. 9) 3.
4) 77.
5) 7.
6) .

11  :-
o 37 05 77 3 .
1) (7 ) 4) 7
2) 5)
3) 7

1) :-
o + .
, 7  3 3 .
+.
.
02 1 . ) )  .
) :- 7 + 7
3 . 3 , (  )
.   .
" "  " " . 3
 "" (1722 ) . " "
7+ . 7 3 ) .
 .  ""
(1350 ) . 3  ""
. 3 
1 .
)  :- + +7 + 7+
3 " " + ) .   ,
.
 :- 7 + 3 .
3 )7 . 77+ 3 "" )7
. 3 3 "" )7 .
"" (1350 ) 3  . 3
 " " (1325 ) . 3
"" ) .  3 
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

30
"" (1110 ) . "" 3 7+
.
 / :- )) .
7 . 7 7 "
" + . 2010 
 ) 1  . /
)  11
. 1 1 . 3
 "1" (1646 ) . 3 )7
+ . , 1, 7 
3 .
 :-  11 3 " " +.
1 1 ) . /
  1 . "" () 3 3
.  "" (2627 ) .
1 7+  .
:-  " " . 
 "" (2695) . "11" 7+
3 .
 :-    3 .
3 3 . + 7 7 .
, 1   . 1 1
3 "" 3 3 +.
  :- 7 7 .
1) :- )7 + .
 600 . 1 . -
3 3, - 3 3 3 3 
.  7 1 .
2) 11 :- 77  ,  
.  1
1 . + 7+ 7 .
3)  :- 11 . 3+
 1 . + 3 "" )7
+ .  )
.
4) :-  ,  ,  1
. 3 ) + ) . ,
,  . ""
1 .
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

31
2) 1  :-
o 7 77 3 3
3 . -1  ++ -
3 . 7+ 2500 1 . 150
1 400 1 . " " . +7 7
03 ) 3 . 3 .
o 1  :- 1  .
600 1500 . 1   
"" +. 7 7 .
o  :- 7 3 3 .
3 " " + . 3  3000 4000
. 60 1 80 1 .  +
, , ,  . 1 .
o  :- 3 1  .
 " " +. 3 6000 .
120 200 1 . 1 . 7
3 3 . "" .
o 1 1 1 1  :-
1) 1 :- +7 7 7 7, , 7,
), 77 3 77 . 1 11
 "1-2" ( - 8611 )  .
2) :- .
3) 1 :-  1 3 "1 "
+.
:-  ,  1 . ""
(7817 ) 1  .
4) :-   " " (8848) )
. 7 .
7, 3, + .
3 , , 7 . 7 3 +7
7 7 , , .
"" +.

3) :-
o 7 3 + .
. 3 1 .
 "" +.  "" +. )
3 73 3 3 7 .
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

32
77 3 03  .
1) :- + 3 3 7 .
"" 3 . , +
. 3 7
7 3 . 3
"" . 3  1 . ""
 1 3 .
2) :- .
33 +  .
"" +. 7 .
3) :- , 3, 3 " " +.
3 . 3 + .

4) 1 :-
o  6100 1  1 . 7
7 .
1) 1 :- 3 1  11 7
. 7 . 3, , 3, 77
7 7 . 7 
1500 1 . 7 "11" +. 11
"" . 11 7 "1" +.
1 "" +. 7  .
+7 3 "" . 7 "1"
+.
1  :-
 :- 7, ), 3, .
:- , , 3.
 :- 3.
11 :- 3.
1 :- 7 ( +).
2) 1 :-   11 . 7
. , ,
7 . 7 11 .
7 3 "1" +. 7 3
"1" +.
1  :-
 :- , 77.
:- .
:- )+ (  1 ), 77.
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

33
:- , +, 7.

5) :-
o 77 3 ) + 7 3 3 3
. 1970  ) " " + .
 . 7 ""
 . 7 ) )7 .
 7 . 11 7 "11" )7
. 7 7 1  
.
 3 3 7 )
3 . 7  .
1 3  + "" ) ) .
1   "10 " +.  1
" " 1 1 . 06 45  .
1 7+ 119 .  01 
) . 36 . 1 250 1
 .  " " + ) . 
+ "1" .
o   3 "" . + 3
+ . + 82 30 
"" 3 "" 3 .

 :-
o 37+    7
. , , 33, , 3 . 3
+ 02 1 . 1)  2)  
 .

1)  :-
:-
o 7 1  .
1 7. ) 7
3 . 1 2900 1 700 1
. .
o  :- , , , , .
o - 7, 33, 7.
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

34
o "" 7+ 1 7. 7 
. 7 1 .

:-
o  . 3 "1"
. 1
. , , ,  .
o 7 3 . 7
. 1 .
.
o "" 7 7 .

2)    :-
 :-
o 33 . 33   1 . 7+
 26 1 3  . 33 3 1
"" . "1" "" 
7 7 " " ) . 33
1 2510 1 . 33 
7+ 7. ) 1200 7
. 33 , , ,  7+
05 1 .  33 "" ) . 33
. 33  3 3 .
o   :- () ), 3, 3, 37, 7, , +, ,
33, , 7.
o 1 1  + ) . 1 " 
" +.   +7 33 .
33 ) 11  . 1985 7 
" 1 " 7. 33  1 . 33
7+7 1 1 7 7 .
o 2008  33 . 33
+ " " " "+ 7+ .
+ " " + 7+ .
o 2009 7 7 " " 7 .
 . ), , ),
3 ) + .
 (+ 33 7 7+ ), ( ),
 (+ ) 1 (3 7)
+ .
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

35
o 33 11 7 7 1 + 7
7 7+ . 7 7 7 .
  45 1  "1 " + 7
. 1 1 33 7+7 1500 1 .
7 7 7 33 7+7 2600 7 .

:-
o   7+ "" . 1
1300 1 .
o , (3 )  7+
"" +.
o   . 
1 .
o :- , , 7 .
o , , 7 7
33 .

:-
o  , . 7 .
1 2900 1 885 1 .
" " +. + ""
"--" ) .
o  7 3
 . 3 +
+ + . " :" + ) .
" " + ) .
o :- "" 3
.
o +7 3 7.
o :- , , , , .
o :- 2011 3  3
 "  1" .

3) 1 :-
o 3 +  1 .
 1 7 37+ ) 7
.
 :-
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

36
:-
o 3 .  +
. 3 1  .
:-
o + 3 . 1 400 1
.   . 1
3 . 2010 600 
.
:-
o 3 . +7 ) )
.    .

:-
o 7 7 ) 7 .
+. :- , , 7 ( )

:-
:-
o 3 3 "11" . 1 1290
54 1 .
) . " "
. 7+   1 . ,
    "" 7+
.
o " "  7 . 7 , 
. ) 1 .
o  :- 7, , , 7.
o "" . ) 05 11 )
. 1 04 11 ) .

:-
o  , . .  1
. ) 77  .
1 720 1 . 208 1 .
,  . 
  .
o :- 3+, +, .

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

37
1 :-
o    1 1 7 .
1 . . :- , ,
), , .
o 77 " - " (253 ) .
o :- 1 "" + .

:-
o 3 + 7 .
3 3 . ) ) +.
 :-
o 3 1 . 3  ""
"1" 1 . 3 1 1498 1
668 1 . 3 7+ + 10 1  .
49 1  .
o 3 11  . 3
. 3 1 09 . ""
 . 7 + .
o 3  3 1
1 + . 7 "" +. 1975
7 7 1 7 .
o 3 "" 7
 .    ""
. "  1" . 3 7+
)  1  .
o  :- , +33, +, , ( ).

1 :-
o 7+  , . . 7+ 1 1280 1
282 1 . 1  11
 1 11  . 7+ ,
11 "" 
 .
o 2010 1  . 1 )
+ . + - 1001 TMC, 11 - 911
TMC - 666 TMC   . 7+ ""
+ 11 . . 7 +
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

38
519 524.05 7  1
+ .
o 1 )  1 . 
 .

1 :-
o 1   . 7  11
"1"  . 7 1 760 1 . 7
11 . 3 + " "
+ ) . 7 .
o 1 :- , +, , .

:-
o   "" 7+ .
1 890 1 . 1  .
 7 . 11 
 .
o :- , 7, , .
o :- 3 3 + 1 12 
(22.02 1) 3 1   "  "
+. 3 7 7 1 370 1
 1 . (01  = 1.85 1)
o 3 7+7 "  " ,
 7+ .

:-
o ++ )3 3 "" +.
  :-
1) :-   .
1 .
2) ( 7), 7 (), ( 7),
( 7) ) 3 + .

  :-
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

39
o 1 :- 1 ()   .
o (), 7 (), (7), 33 (
7),  (+-) ) + ..
o   50 1  .
""  .

 :-

8848  .
3 1 8611 3 77
/ 7-2 11 3 11 ).
7 , 7817 7 )
)
++ ++ 2695  .
3
3 3 2627  3

  3, 1722 3

1 3, 1646
.
3 , 1350 3
.
, 1325 3
.
33 7, 1177  1
. .
733 8598 ---

:-
o " 1 1" . +
.
o + "" +.
o ,  "" +.
o  + + +:
 + 3 "1 " +.
 "" +.
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

40
o ) , , 11 1
11 " / " +.  "
" +. 1 11 "1 " +
) .
o :-   :- 22 - 7, 01 -7, 10 - ,
15 - , 01 - +, 15 - .
o 3 3 11 07 .
.
o  , . 11700 7
.
o + 1 "1 1 1
" +.
o :-
1 . 7+ 1 .
.

:-
o  :-   . ,
7+, + . 1
 . 1 + ) .
, , , , ,  7 . 7+
22 1 3 .
o 1 :- )7  1 . , 3
7, 7 + 7 .
 3 1  . 7
  . "1 1 " " " + ) .
1, , , , , 1, 7 .
7+ 29 1  .
o :- 1 .
+  . , ,
1,  7 . 27 1 3 .
o :- + .  
 . , , , 1, 1 . 7
. 7+ 7 03 11  .
o :- , , +  7
. 2000 3000 . +
+ )7 +

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

41
" " +. , , , 1,
. 7 . 7+ 08 1  .
o 1 :- 7 7 + . , 7, ,
7 . 7 + 7 . 7+ 06 1 3
.  1 () 7 7 .
o  1 :- . , 
1 + 7 .  7 +
). , , . 7 . 7+ 7 03 1 
. 02 7 .

:-
o 45 . 2009  
20.64 1 . + 33 1 + 7
.
o 1 (86.99 1) . 1 
(02 1) . 1 1 7
1 (92.20 1) 1 . 7+   +
.
o 3 3 . 1000 7 3
. 65 7 + .
o ,   3 "1  " .
1 37 1, .
o   + . ,  .
.
o 3  . 3  .
 +  .
o :- 7+ 93 .
o 7+ 39 1 04 1 .

 1 :-
1
33 , 7, , /, 3
.
, 3, .

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

42
3, 3, 3.
7+ 3, , , .
.
, .
7 3+.
33-- (+ 3) .
3 77, .
77 .
( )
1.
/ 3 ( )
3 )

3 7, , +, 33), 73, .
+.
. 3.
+) .
.

o 24 ) ) . 7+ 7 61 1 
11 ) 7 .
o :-   : .
3 ) , ,
) .
o 7+ 7 05 1  ) . + 
.
o 1 29 1  ) .  1
+ 3 ) .
7 .
o  7 1  39 1  ) .
 + 60  .

1 :-
o 162  7 .
1)  :- 1948 )+ . 
. ) 7 1 " 1" 7
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

43
. 7  .
) 7 1 7+ .
: + ) + 7 1 .
2) 1- 1 :- 1946 7 7+ . 1- 7
1 . 7 02
+ . "1" + +
226 . 7 + "" ) . +
  . "" 29
 + . + 7 7 04 7
. , , 1 .
3) 1 1 :- "1" 7 +
. 7 + 7 . 1 7
1  . + 25.40 1 . 1
() 7 7 7 .
4) 1 1 :-  1 . 7
3  + . 7 ""
+. 3, 3, , + .
. 7 , 7  + .
5) 1 1 :- 7 7  + .
1 11 02 + + . 7 +,
+ .
6)  1 :- 3 7 11 1 . 7
 . 7+ + + .
7)  1 :- 3 7 1 .
1 1 7 + . 7 1
1 7 7+ .
8) 1 :- 7 + . 7
1 . 73 03 7 + .
) 3- " " +.
) - + 7 " " +.
7) 1 + " " +.
9) 1 :- 7 + 7
 1 . 3 02 29  +
. ) )  + + + .
7 "1 11 1"
. 7 + 90 110.64 + +
. 7 ,  03 1
.

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

44
10) 1 :- 73 1 +
 1   + .
"" 1 "1" + + .
7 7 7 " " .
7 "999 " 7 37 7 .

1 :-
1
+ +

11, , 7
1

11

1 1 :-

7, 7
, + 3

3 3
1-1

3 77
1 -1

3

 :-

 7

1 3

7

 :-
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

45
o 37 + 7 ) +.
) 37+ 7 .
o :- , 3, , , , , .
o :- 7, , , 7.
o )  )7 .
1)  :- ) 3  . ) "1
 " +. , 3, 7
. 7 7 )  .
3 . )  06 11 3. 
7+ ) 20 1 ) 7. , 3,
, 7 ) . 7+ ) 7 30
1 "" .   )
.    . 11
73 . ""
)) 3, , 3 3 .  ""
)+ ) .  ,
,   7 .
2) :- 3+ 7 + ) . 3
+, 7 +7 7 . 1
 .   
. + .
)+ . -
.
3) :- , 3, , +
7 7 . )+ )+ .
- 7, , 7
3-
3 - 7 ) 3.
77 - 3.
) - , .
- 1  )+ . 3,
3, 3, +, 3 )+ .
4) :-  1 . 3 3, 3
, 7 . ,
.
5) 1 :- 7  01 11 3.
1  1 3 7 . 3
3 7 . 7 , ,
.
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

46
6)  1 :- 7+ 65 1  1 + 7 .
3 7 3 , , 3 , , 7 )
3 7 . 3 7 77+ . 3
7 1 . 3 7 , +, , 3,
. ) . 3 7 7
7 + . 3 7 7 7 +
- 90 95 7
-70 807
3 - 50 60 7
- 30 40 7
:- 1  . )
- 1 .
:- 7 1 .
), , 3, 3 7 .
 :- 7  . , 3
. "" )+  7
 .
:- 7 "" ""
7 . 1  03 11
3. 01 11 02 11 1 3. 1971-72
7 1 1 7. 7 )+ ""
.  .
7)  :- ) 7 . )
, , 7, 7 . )
. ""
 . ) 1 ", " .
)) 3 ) .  ,
3, 7+, 7 ) )
. 18 1 1 . ) 7 7+
7 1956 ONGC (Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited)
7 .
8) 1 :- + )  37 . , 3,
, 7 37 .
37 1 " " 7 . 37 ,
7 ) 7 7 . 7+ 3 )
37 .
o 1 3 "" .
o "1" 7+ -1 + 1 .

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

47
 :-
o  :- 3   . 37 1
+ 1 . , , 11  .
1  "" 1 1854 7. 3
, , , 3, + 7 .
" " + ) . "1"
+ ) . 1  
3  . 7+ 108 7 3+ . 7 54
7 3+ .
o   :- 3 3 . 3 1 
. 3 3 11  1 . 
 1855 77 "" 7+ . 133
3 3+ . 70 7 3+ 7 3 . 
 11 3. 7+ 40 1 3 7.
o   :- , + ) ) 7 .
+ ) + 7 . 7 )
 1  1 . 
1 "" 1903 7+ .  1
"" 7+ 1920 7+ .  1 
1 1949  "" 3 ( 1  1)
7+ . )- 33 )
7) 7+ . 500 ) 7) .
 1 " " .  )
11 .
o  :- 1870  "1"
1 7+ . 1907  
3 " 1" ,  7. 1919
 )3  7) 7+ .
1923 1  7) 11 ""
7+ . 02 7  +
.
 :-

3 (7 - ) 02 7
3 3 (7 - ) 02 7
7 (7 - ) 02 7
---
)+ ---
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

48
) 1 03 7
o 3 , 3  1 3 02
1 7+ .
o  "1" 3 03 7 7+ .
o 3  3 , 3 ,
1 7 7 7 .
o  :- "" ) 7 .
1 ) "" 7+ 7+
. +7, , 77 3
3 7 . 7  3
7+ .
o  :- 1  "" . , . 7
) 3 .
o   :- 1951 1   1 ) ""
7+ 01 1 7+ .  1 
) 7) .
 1 :-
1
., ..
7 7
3 7, 7 .
 .
3 3



11
 ( ) ) 7))

o  :- ), 7 , 7) 7 .
7) 1904 "" . 
05 11 3.
 :-
o 1  ", " 1832 7+ .
o 1 "" . .
1 7 .

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

49
o "" 1  +. ))
7 3  1 . 3+7 3 +
7 .
o 3 3 07 77 . 7+ 7
- , , , 77, .
o + +  " " + ) .
o  "" 7 .
"" 7 .
o , 1, , 11 7+  7 .
" 1" 7  1 .
o 1940  7+ . "
" 7 7+ . 3 1
7 . 1 ""  7
.
o 1986 7 "  1" +.
o 10 7 1 + .
o   7 .
"" 7 .
o ,  - 1 + 7
.
o 7 ,  + 7 .
o   1 7) .
o 1837 1 . 01 1854
 7+ . 
.
o :- 1 1927 . 1936
7+ " " 7+ . 1957 "1" +
.
o 1959 1 1 7+ . 1972
7. 1982 3 + .
1997 7+ . 
+ .

:-

1 1  ( 1936) .

73 (73 3)
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

50

7
3 3
3 3,
33//7+ 73
3 ,
/ 3, 3,
, 7
3 ---
)
3 3 77
 ---

  :-

1 3, . ()
1 3 (7 )
+ 3
7 + 33, +
+ , 77
3, )
3+, 3 ( )
,
77

-------------------------------------- 000 --------------------------------------

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

51
 
o 3 : + 71 1  29 1 .
o 3 ) / ) :-
1) (3 )/)
2) 7
3) 7
4) + 7
5)
6) 7
7) (3 )/)
o 3 + 05  .
1) / 7 3 (3 3)
2) 7
3)
4) 77
5) 7 3 (3 3)
o  1   . 7+ 3
, 1 1 ) .
o + 3 7 "" ) .
"" + . 7 1
1 "" () 1 "" . 
.   "" +
. 3 07 /  14  .
o :-
o : 08 3, 3 7 . 09
3 2006 )3 7+
.
1) : Mercury :- 3 7 3 . 3 4880 7
3 7 59 . 3
3 3 . 3 . 3 + 7+ 88
3. 3 + 3 .
2) 7 : Venus :- 7 3 3 . 7 3 7
 + 3 + +. 7 243
+ 7 224 . 7 3 7 7+ 3
Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

52
. 7+ 7, 7 3 7 7 . 7 3
7 3 7 . 7 7
3 . 7 3 7 3 + .
3 3 . + 3 . 7 3 7
3 .
o

Sunny shinde, Osmanabad (PSI) (9823233781)

53

You might also like