Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Presented By:
Ray Penny
Prepared By:
Steven L. Braune, PE
Tank Industry Consultants, Inc.
1
Now what?
Wind Issues
Shell Buckling
Tank Overturning
Roof Damage
Flooding Issues
Floating Off of Foundation
Shell Buckling
2
Wind Loads on Tanks
Shell Buckling
3
API-650 Shell Stability
4
Shell Buckling When Empty
5
No shell Buckling after loss of roof
Tornado Damage
6
Buckling on Windward Side
Wind Storage
Tank
H1 Check permissible
H
unstiffened shell height,
H1
Diameter, D 3
t
H1 = 600,000(t )
D
7
My Tank Engineer says
Tanks constructed to API-12C are
generally resistant to wind buckling for
wind speeds in the range of 95 to 120 mph
8
Add Product to Tank to Reduce
Risk of Shell Buckling
H1
Wind Overturning
9
Wind Overturning Loads
Overturning
Moment, M
Per API-650
W M max = WD/2
(Tank Empty)
10
Toppling of Small Diameter Tanks
Tank Toppling Speed
(40 ft High Tank)
200
Wind Velocity
150
(mph)
100
50
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
Tank Diameter (ft)
Tank Industry Consultants
11
Fixed Roof Damage
Roof uplift pressure
will occasionally
damage tanks
12
Plate Pulled Off Tank Roof
13
Floating Roof Damage
14
Tank Flotation
Dike Flooding
Flood depths of less than
two feet will float most large
diameter storage tanks when
they are empty
15
AST Displaced by Flooding
16
ASTs Displaced by Flooding
17
Avoid Tank Flotation
If tank is empty and clean,
leave the shell manholes open
18
Summary
Design for the expected conditions (primarily
wind)
Maintain your tanks
A well maintained tank will fair better than a
ragged tank.
Add liquid to prevent flotation, overturning,
wind buckling, & shell buckling from external
pressure (rising water)
A full tank will fair better than an empty tank.
QUESTIONS?
Steven L. Braune, P.E.
804-897-7176 office
804-897-7178 fax
804-307-5609 mobile
Braune@TankIndustry.com
19