MCR3U: Formulas for Brogan Cairns

2 4 General Algebraic Identities Exponent Laws

Quadratic Formula: = 2 () = , = +
2 2 = ( )( + )
Number of Roots: 2 4 e.g. 4 2 9 = (2 3)(2 + 3)
(<0 none, =0 one, >0 two) = , ( ) =

( )2 = ( )( ) and FOIL
Quadratic forms
2
( + )2 = ( + )( + ) and FOIL
() = + + , ( ) = , ( ) =

{() = ( )( ),
Pascal Triangle 1 1
() = ( )2 + , =
1 1

1 2 1
= = ( ) , =
Coordinates of the vertex

1 3 3 1
= 2 , = () 1 4 6 4 1
0 = 1, 1 =
Trigonometric Ratios (CAST) Special Triangles Solving Triangles


sin = , cos = , tan = Right-Angled Triangles

45
2 SOH CAH TOA
csc = , sec = , cot = 1
Cosine Law
1 45
csc = sin sin2 + cos2 = 1 2 = 2 + 2 2 cos
1
1 sin
sec = cos tan = cos 2 + 2 2
cos =
2
2
1
cot = 2 + 2 = 2 60
tan 1 Sine Law

Co-terminal to = 360 30 = =
sin sin sin
3
Transformations (Trig) Transformations: General Finance
R(1 (1 i ) n )
period =
360
b=
360
= [( )] + PV
b period i

(x,y) ( + , + )
R(1 i 1)
+
amplitude = v.t. = n
FV
2 2
a: vertical stretch/compression
= sin[( )] +
if a negative, vertical reflection x-axis i
b: horizontal stretch/com. (x lies!)
if b negative, reflection y-axis = (1 + ) , = (1 + )
(x,y) ( + , + )
c: horizontal shift (x-lies!)
d: vertical translation
Arithmetic Sequences and Series Geometric Sequences and Series Growth-Decay

1 1
General Term: = + ( 1) General Term: = Half-Life: = 0 ( )
2
Recursive: = 1 + Recursive: = 1

Doubling: = 0 (2)
Sum: = 2 [2 + ( 1)] 1
Sum: = ( )
1

General: = 0 (1 )
Sum: = 2
( + )
 Base Functions
Linear: = Quadratic: = 2 Cubic: = 3

Points Points Points

(2, 2) (2,4) (2, 8)
(1, 1) (1,1) (1, 1)
(0,0) (0,0) (0,0)
(1,1) (1,1) (1,1)
(2,2) (2,4) (2,8)

= { } = { } = { }
= { } = { | 0} = { }
Absolute Value: = || 1
Square Root/Radical: = Reciprocal/Rational: =

Points Points Points

(2,2) (0,0) 1
(1,1) (1,1) (2, 2)
(0,0) (4,2) (1, 1)
(1,1) 1
(9,3) ( 2 , 2)
(2,2) 1
= { } = { | 0} (2 , 2)
= { | 0} = { | 0} (1,1) = { | 0}
1
(2, 2) = { | 0}
1 = {(2,3), (3, 1), (1,5)}
Exponential: = , > 1, = 2 Exponential: = , < 1, = (2)
= {1,2,3}
Points = {1,3,5}
Points Function: Yes
1
(2, 4) (2,4)
1 (1,2) Inverse Functions:
(1, 2)
(0,1)
(0,1) 1
() = 2( 3)2 + 4
(1, 2) = 2( 3)2 + 4
(1,2)
(2,4)
1
(2, 4) = 2( 3)2 + 4
4 = 2( 3)2
= { } 4
= { } 3 = 2
= { | > 0} = { | > 0}
Horizontal Asymptote: y=0 Horizontal Asymptote: y=0 1 () = 3
4
(At Vertical Translation) 2
(At Vertical Translation)

Trig Identities

sin cos
sin2 + cos 2 = 1 tan = cos cot = sin
sin2 = 1 cos2 = (1 cos )(1 + cos )
1 1
cos2 = 1 sin2 = (1 sin )(1 + sin ) sec = cos cot = tan
1 + tan2 = sec 2
1
1 + cot 2 = csc 2 csc = sin