Weld Cladding Overlay - Topics by Science

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Samplerecordsforweldcladdingoverlay
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1.Weldoverlaycladdingwithironaluminides(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/416494)
SciTechConnect(http://www.osti.gov/scitech)
Goodwin,G.M.
19950801
Thehotandcoldcrackingtendenciesofsomeearlyironaluminidealloycompositionshavelimitedtheiruse
inapplicationswheregoodweldabilityisrequired.UsinghotcracktestingtechniquesinventedatORNL,
andexperimentaldeterminationsofpreheatandpostweldheattreatmentneededtoavoidcoldcracking,
wehavedevelopedironaluminidefillermetalcompositionswhichcanbesuccessfullyusedtoweldoverlay
cladvarioussubstratematerials,including9Cr1Mosteel,21/4Cr1Mosteel,and300seriesaustenitic
stainlesssteels.Dilutionmustbecarefullycontrolledtoavoidcracksensitivedepositcompositions.The
techniqueusedtoproducethecurrentfillermetalcompositionsisaspirationcasting,i.e.drawingtheliquid
fromthemeltintoglassrods.Futuredevelopmenteffortswillinvolvefabricationofcompositewiresof
similarcompositionstopermitmechanizedgastungstenarc(GTA)and/orgasmetalarc(GMA)welding.
Goodwin,G.M.
19971201
Theauthorhasestablishedarangeofcompositionsforthesealloyswithinwhichhotcrackingresistanceis
verygood,andwithinwhichcoldcrackingcanbeavoidedinmanyinstancesbycarefulcontrolofwelding
conditions,particularlypreheatandpostweldheattreatment.Forexample,crackfreebuttweldshavebeen
producedforthefirsttimein12mmthickwroughtFe{sub3}Alplate.Coldcracking,however,stillremains
anissueinmanycases.Theauthorhasdevelopedacommercialsourceforcompositeweldfillermetals
spanningawiderangeofachievablealuminumlevels,andarepursuingtheapplicationofthesefiller
metalsinavarietyofindustrialenvironments.Weldingtechniqueshavebeendevelopedforboththegas
tungstenarcandgasmetalarcprocesses,andpreliminaryworkhasbeendonetoutilizethewirearc
processforcoatingofboilertubes.Cladspecimenshavebeenpreparedforenvironmentaltestingin
house,andanumberofcomponentshavebeenmodifiedandplacedinserviceinoperatingkraftrecovery
boilers.Incollaborationwithacommercialproducerofspiralweldoverlaytubing,theauthorisattemptingto
utilizethenewfillermetalsforthisnovelapplication.
Goodwin,G.M.
19961101
Thehotandcoldcrackingtendenciesofsomeearlyironaluminidealloycompositionslimitedtheiruseto
applicationswheregoodweldabilitywasnotrequired.Considerableprogresshasbeenmadetoward
improvingthissituation.UsinghotcracktestingtechniquesdevelopedatORNLandasystematicstudyof
alloycompositionaleffects,wehaveestablishedarangeofcompositionswithinwhichhotcracking
resistanceisverygood,essentiallyequivalenttostainlesssteel.Coldcracking,however,remainsanissue,
andextensiveeffortsarecontinuingtooptimizecompositionandweldingparameters,especiallypreheat
andpostweldheattreatment,tominimizeitsoccurrence.Intermsoffillermetalandprocessdevelopment,
wehaveprogressedfromshearedstripthroughaspirationcastrodandshieldedmetalarcelectrodesto
thepointwherewecannowproducecompositewirewithasteelsheathandaluminumcoreincoilform,
whichpermitstheuseofboththegastungstenarcandgasmetalarcprocesses.Thisisasignificant
advancementinthatthegasmetalarcprocesslendsitselfwelltoautomatedwelding,andistheprocessof
choiceforcommercialweldoverlayapplications.Usingthenewlydevelopedfillermetals,wehaveprepared
cladspecimensfortestinginavarietyofenvironmentsbothinhouseandoutsideORNL,including
laboratoryandcommercialorganizations.Asameansofassessingthefieldperformanceofthisnewtype
ofmaterial,wehavemodifiedseveralnonpressureboundaryboilercomponents,includingfuelnozzles
andportshrouds,byintroducingareasofweldoverlayinstrategiclocations,andhaveplacedthese
componentsinserviceinoperatingboilersforasidebysidecomparisonwithconventionalcorrosion
resistantmaterials.
4.TheCorrosionandCorrosionFatigueBehaviorofNickelBasedAlloyWeldOverlayandCoextruded
Claddings(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhDT........66S)
NASAAstrophysicsDataSystem(ADS)(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html)
Stockdale,Andrew
TheuseoflowNOxboilersincoalfiredpowerplantshasresultedinsulfidizingcorrosiveconditionswithin
theboilersandareductionintheservicelifetimeofthewaterwalltubes.Asasolutiontothisproblem,Ni
basedweldoverlaysareusedtoprovidethenecessarycorrosionresistancehowevertheyaresusceptible
tocorrosionfatigue.Thereareseveralmetallurgicalfactorswhichgiverisetocorrosionfatiguethatare
associatedwiththelocalizedmeltingandsolidificationoftheweldoverlayprocess.Coextrudedcoatings
offerthepotentialforimprovedcorrosionfatigueresistancesincecoextrusionisasolidstatecoating
process.Thecorrosionandcorrosionfatiguebehaviorofalloy622weldoverlaysandcoextrudedcladdings
https://www.science.gov/topicpages/w/weld+cladding+overlay.html 1/73
3/21/2017 weldcladdingoverlay:TopicsbyScience.gov
wasinvestigatedusingaGleeblethermomechanicalsimulatorretrofittedwitharetort.Theexperiments
wereconductedataconstanttemperatureof600CusingasimulatedcombustiongasofN210%CO
5%CO20.12%H2S.Analternatingstressprofilewasusedwithaminimumtensilestressof0MPaanda
maximumtensilestressof300MPa(tenminutefatiguecycles).Theresultshavedemonstratedthatthe
GleeblecanbeusedtosuccessfullysimulatetheknowncorrosionfatiguecrackingmechanismofNibased
weldoverlaysinservice.Multilayercorrosionscalesdevelopedoneachofthecladdingsthatconsistedof
innerandoutercorrosionlayers.Thescalesformedbytheoutwarddiffusionofcationsandtheinward
diffusionofsulfurandoxygenanions.Thecorrosionfatiguebehaviorwasinfluencedbythesurfacefinish
andthecrackinteractions.Theinitiationofalargenumberofcorrosionfatiguecrackswasnotnecessarily
detrimentaltothecorrosionfatigueresistance.Finally,theasreceivedcoextrudedcladdingexhibitedthe
bestcorrosionfatigueresistance.
5.Fracturepropertiesofaneutronirradiatedstainlesssteelsubmergedarcweldcladdingoverlay
(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/5393517)
Corwin,W.R.Berggren,R.G.Nanstad,R.K.
19840101
Theabilityofstainlesssteelcladdingtoincreasetheresistanceofanoperatingnuclearreactorpressure
vesseltoextensionofsurfaceflawsdependsgreatlyonthepropertiesoftheirradiatedcladding.Therefore,
weldoverlaycladdingirradiatedattemperaturesandfluencesrelevanttopowerreactoroperationwas
examined.Thecladdingwasappliedtoapressurevesselsteelplatebythesubmergedarc,singlewire,
oscillatingelectrodemethod.Threelayersofcladdingprovidedathicknessadequateforfabricationoftest
specimens.Thefirstlayerwastype309,andtheuppertwolayersweretype308stainlesssteel.Thetype
309wasdilutedconsiderablybyexcessivemeltingofthebaseplate.Specimensweretakenfromnearthe
baseplatecladdinginterfaceandalsofromtheupperlayers.CharpyVnotchandtensilespecimenswere
irradiatedat288/sup0/Ctoafluenceof2x10/sup23/neutrons/m/sup2/(>1MeV).10refs.,16figs.,4
tabs.
6.Charpytoughnessandtensilepropertiesofaneutronirradiatedstainlesssteelsubmergedarcweld
claddingoverlay(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/6689121)
Corwin,W.R.Berggren,R.G.Nanstad,R.K.
19840101
Thepossibilityofstainlesssteelcladdingincreasingtheresistanceofanoperatingnuclearreactorpressure
vesseltoextensionofsurfaceflawsishighlydependentupontheirradiatedpropertiesofthecladding.
Therefore,weldoverlaycladdingirradiatedattemperaturesandfluencesrelevanttopowerreactor
operationwasexamined.Thecladdingwasappliedtoapressurevesselsteelplatebythesubmergedarc,
singlewire,oscillatingelectrodemethod.Threelayersofcladdingwereappliedtoprovideacladding
thicknessadequateforfabricationoftestspecimens.Thefirstlayerwastype309,andtheuppertwolayers
weretype308stainlesssteel.Therewasconsiderabledilutionofthetype309inthefirstlayerofcladding
asaresultofexcessivemeltingofthebaseplate.Specimensfortheirradiationstudyweretakenfromnear
thebaseplate/claddinginterfaceandalsofromtheupperlayersofcladding.CharpyVnotchandtensile
specimenswereirradiatedat288/sup0/Ctoneutronfluencesof2x10/sup23/n/m/sup2/(E>1MeV).
Whenirradiated,bothtypes308and309claddingshoweda5to40%increaseinyieldstrength
accompaniedbyaslightincreaseinductilityinthetemperaturerangefrom25to288/sup0/C.Allcladding
exhibitedductiletobrittletransitionbehaviorduringimpacttesting.
7.HotCorrosionofInconel625OverlayWeldCladdinginSmeltingOffGasEnvironment
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013MMTA...44.4671M)
MohammadiZahrani,E.Alfantazi,A.M.
20131001
Degradationmechanismsandhotcorrosionbehaviorofweldoverlayalloy625werestudied.Phase
structure,morphology,thermalbehavior,andchemicalcompositionofdepositedsaltmixtureontheweld
overlaywerecharacterizedutilizingXRD,SEM/EDX,DTA,andICP/OES,respectively.DilutionlevelofFein
theweldment,dendriticstructure,anddegradationmechanismsoftheweldwereinvestigated.Amolten
phaseformedontheweldlayerattheoperatingtemperaturerangeoftheboiler,whichledtothehot
corrosionattackinthewaterwallandtheultimatefailure.Opencircuitpotentialandweightloss
measurementsandpotentiodynamicpolarizationwerecarriedouttostudythehotcorrosionbehaviorofthe
weldinthesimulatedmoltensaltmediumat873K,973K,and1073K(600C,700C,and800C).
Internaloxidationandsulfidationpluspittingcorrosionwereidentifiedasthemainhotcorrosion
mechanismsintheweldandboilertubes.ThepresenceofasignificantamountofFemadethedendritic
structureoftheweldsusceptibletopreferentialcorrosion.Preferentiallycorroded(Mo,Nb)depleted
dendritecoresactedaspotentialsitesforcrackinitiationfromthesurfacelayer.Thepenetrationofthe
moltenphaseintothecracksacceleratedthecracks'propagationmainlythroughthedendritecoresand
furthercrackbranching/widening.
8.Effectsofthermalagingandneutronirradiationonthemechanicalpropertiesofstainlesssteelweldoverlay
cladding(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/6087069)
Haggag,F.M.Nanstad,R.K.
19910101
Stainlesssteelweldoverlaycladdingwasfabricatedusingthethreewire,seriesarcmethod.Threelayers
ofcladdingwereappliedtoapressurevesselplatetoprovideadequatethicknessforfabricationoftest
specimens.Sinceirradiationofthestainlesssteelcladdingto5{times}10{sup19}neutrons/cm{sup2}(>1
MeV)wasconductedat288{degrees}Cfor1605h,tensile,CharpyVnotch(CVN),precrackedCharpyV
notch(PCVN),andcompactfracturetoughnessspecimenswerethermallyagedat288{degrees}Cfor1605
h.Additionalspecimensarebeingagedto20,000and50,000h.Thermalagingofthreewire,seriesarc
stainlesssteelweldoverlaycladdingat288{degrees}Cfor1604hresultedinappreciabledecrease(16%)
intheCVNuppershelfenergy,buttheeffectonthe41Jtransitiontemperatureshiftwasverysmall
(3{degrees}C).Thecombinedeffect,followingneutronirradiationat288{degrees}Ctoafluenceof5
{times}10{sup19}neutrons/cm{sup2}(>MeV),wasa22%reductionintheCVNuppershelfenergyanda
29{degrees}Cshiftatthe41Jlevel.Theeffectofthermalagingontensilepropertieswasverysmallor
negligible.However,thecombinedeffectafterneutronirradiationwasanincreaseintheyieldstrength(6to
34%attesttemperaturesfrom288to{minus}125{degrees}C)andnoapparentchangeinultimatestrength
andtotalelongation.Also,neutronirradiationreducedtheinitiationfracturetoughness(J{subIc})much
morethandidthermalaging.However,irradiationslightlydecreasedthetearingmodulus,butnoreduction
wascausedbythermalagingalone.Theeffectsoflongtermthermalexposuretimes(20,000and50,000
h)willbeinvestigatedwhenthespecimenbecomeavailable.
9.Effectsofthermalagingandneutronirradiationonthemechanicalpropertiesofstainlesssteelweldoverlay
cladding(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/10105623)
19911231
Stainlesssteelweldoverlaycladdingwasfabricatedusingthethreewire,seriesarcmethod.Threelayers
ofcladdingwereappliedtoapressurevesselplatetoprovideadequatethicknessforfabricationoftest
specimens.Sinceirradiationofthestainlesssteelcladdingto5{times}10{sup19}neutrons/cm{sup2}(>1
MeV)wasconductedat288{degrees}Cfor1605h,tensile,CharpyVnotch(CVN),precrackedCharpyV
notch(PCVN),andcompactfracturetoughnessspecimenswerethermallyagedat288{degrees}Cfor1605
h.Additionalspecimensarebeingagedto20,000and50,000h.Thermalagingofthreewire,seriesarc
stainlesssteelweldoverlaycladdingat288{degrees}Cfor1604hresultedinappreciabledecrease(16%)
intheCVNuppershelfenergy,buttheeffectonthe41Jtransitiontemperatureshiftwasverysmall
(3{degrees}C).Thecombinedeffect,followingneutronirradiationat288{degrees}Ctoafluenceof5
{times}10{sup19}neutrons/cm{sup2}(>MeV),wasa22%reductionintheCVNuppershelfenergyanda
29{degrees}Cshiftatthe41Jlevel.Theeffectofthermalagingontensilepropertieswasverysmallor
negligible.However,thecombinedeffectafterneutronirradiationwasanincreaseintheyieldstrength(6to
34%attesttemperaturesfrom288to{minus}125{degrees}C)andnoapparentchangeinultimatestrength
andtotalelongation.Also,neutronirradiationreducedtheinitiationfracturetoughness(J{subIc})much
morethandidthermalaging.However,irradiationslightlydecreasedthetearingmodulus,butnoreduction
wascausedbythermalagingalone.Theeffectsoflongtermthermalexposuretimes(20,000and50,000
h)willbeinvestigatedwhenthespecimenbecomeavailable.
10.Effectsofthermalagingonmicrostructureandhardnessofstainlesssteelweldoverlaycladdingsofnuclear
reactorpressurevessels(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JNuM..452..235T)
Takeuchi,T.Kakubo,Y.Matsukawa,Y.Nozawa,Y.Toyama,T.Nagai,Y.Nishiyama,Y.Katsuyama,J.
Yamaguchi,Y.Onizawa,K.Suzuki,M.
20140901
Theeffectsofthermalagingofstainlesssteelweldoverlaycladdingsofnuclearreactorpressurevessels
onthemicrostructureandhardnessofthecladdingswereinvestigatedusingatomprobetomographyand
nanoindentationtesting.Thecladdingswereagedat400Cforperiodsof10010,000h.Thefluctuation
inCrconcentrationintheferritephase,whichwascausedbyspinodaldecomposition,progressedrapidly
afteragingfor100h,andgraduallyforagingdurationsgreaterthan1000h.Ontheotherhand,NiSiMn
clusters,initiallyformedafteragingforlessthan1000h,hadthehighestnumberdensityafteragingfor
2000h,andcoarsenedafteragingfor10,000h.Thehardnessoftheferritephasealsoincreasedrapidly
forshortperiodofaging,andsaturatedafteragingforlongerthan1000h.Thistrendwassimilartothe
observedCrfluctuationconcentration,butdifferentfromthetrendseenintheformationoftheNiSiMn
clusters.Theseresultsstronglysuggestthattheprimaryfactorresponsibleforthehardeningoftheferrite
phaseowingtothermalagingisCrspinodaldecomposition.
11.Effectsofthermalagingandneutronirradiationonthemechanicalpropertiesofthreewirestainlesssteel
weldoverlaycladding(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/477676)
19970501
Thermalagingofthreewireseriesarcstainlesssteelweldoverlaycladdingat288{degrees}Cfor1605h
resultedinanappreciabledecrease(16%)intheCharpyVnotch(CVN)uppershelfenergy(USE),butthe
effectonthe41Jtransitiontemperatureshiftwasverysmall(3{degrees}C).Thecombinedeffectofaging
andneutronirradiationat288{degrees}Ctoafluenceof5x10{sup19}neutrons/cm{sup2}(>1MeV)was
a22%reductionintheUSEanda29{degrees}Cshiftinthe41Jtransitiontemperature.Theeffectof
thermalagingontensilepropertieswasverysmall.However,thecombinedeffectofirradiationandaging
wasanincreaseintheyieldstrength(6to34%attesttemperaturesfrom288to{minus}125{degrees}C)
butnoapparentchangeinultimatetensilestrengthortotalelongation.Neutronirradiationreducedthe
initiationfracturetoughness(J{subIc})muchmorethandidthermalagingalone.Irradiationslightly
decreasedthetearingmodulus,butnoreductionwascausedbythermalagingalone.Otherresultsfrom
tensile,CVN,andfracturetoughnessspecimensshowedthattheeffectsofthermalagingat288or
343{degrees}Cfor20,000heachwereverysmallandsimilartothoseat288{degrees}Cfor1605h.The
effectsoflongtermthermalexposuretime(50,000handgreater)at288{degrees}Cwillbeinvestigatedas
thespecimensbecomeavailablein1996andbeyond.
12.Roboticweldoverlaycoatingsforerosioncontrol(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994rwoc.rept......)
Theerosionofmaterialsbytheimpactofsolidparticleshasreceivedincreasingattentionduringthepast
twentyyears.Recently,researchhasbeeninitiatedwiththeeventofadvancedcoalconversionprocesses
inwhicherosionplaysanimportantrole.Theresultingdamage,termedSolidParticleErosion(SPE),isof
concernprimarilybecauseofthesignificantlyincreasedoperatingcostswhichresultinmaterialfailures.
Reducedpowerplantefficiencyduetosolidparticleerosionofboilertubesandwaterfallshasledtovarious
methodstocombatSPE.Onemethodistoapplycoatingstothecomponentssubjectedtoerosive
environments.Protectiveweldoverlaycoatingsareparticularlyadvantageousintermsofcoatingquality.
Theweldoverlaycoatingsareessentiallyimmunetospallationduetoastrongmetallurgicalbondwiththe
substratematerial.Byusingpowdermixtures,multiplealloyscanbemixedinordertoachievethebest
performanceinanerosiveenvironment.However,areviewoftheliteraturerevealedalackofinformation
onweldoverlaycoatingperformanceinerosiveenvironmentswhichmakestheselectionofweldoverlay
alloysadifficulttask.Theobjectiveofthisprojectistodeterminetheeffectsofweldoverlaycoating
compositionandmicrostructureonerosionresistance.Theseresultswillleadtoabetterunderstandingof
erosionmitigationinCFB's.
13.Roboticweldoverlaycoatingsforerosioncontrol(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/10193566)
NotAvailable
19941101
Reducedpowerplantefficiencyduetosolidparticleerosionofboilertubesandwaterfallshasledtovarious
methodstocombatSPE.Onemethodistoapplycoatingstothecomponentssubjectedtoerosive
erosionmitigationinCFB`s.
14.Weldoverlaycoatingsforerosioncontrol(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/6585357)
Levin,B.DuPont,J.N.Marder,A.R.
19930303
Aliteraturereviewwasmade.Inspiteofsimilaritiesbetweenabrasivewearandsolidparticleerosion,weld
overlayhardfacingalloysthatexhibithighabrasionresistancemaynotnecessarilyhavegooderosion
resistance.Theperformanceofweldoverlayhardfacingalloysinerosiveenvironmentshasnotbeen
studiedindetail.Itisbelievedthatprimarysolidifiedhardphasessuchascarbidesandintermetallic
compoundshaveastronginfluenceonerosionresistanceofweldoverlayhardfacingalloys.However,
relationshipsbetweensize,shape,andvolumefractionofhardphasesinahardfacingalloysanderosion
resistancewerenotestablished.Almostallhardfacingalloyscanbeseparatedintotwomajorgroupsbased
uponchemicalcompositionsoftheprimarysolidifiedhardphases:(a)carbidehardeningalloys(Co
base/carbide,WCCoandsomeFebasesuperalloys)and(b)intermetallichardeningalloys(Nibase
alloys,austeniticsteels,ironaluminides).
15.Roboticweldoverlaycoatingsforerosioncontrol(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994rwoc.rept.....L)
Levin,B.F.Dupont,J.N.Marder,A.R.
19940101
Researchisbeingconductedtodevelopcriteriaforselectingweldoverlaycoatingsforerosionmitigationin
circulatedfluidizedbeds.Twelveweldoverlayalloysweredepositedon1018steelsubstratesusingplasma
arcwelding.Tensamplesfromeachcoatingwerepreparedforerosiontesting.Allselectedcoatingswere
erosiontestedat400Candtheirerosionresistanceandmicrostructureevaluated.Steadystateerosion
ratesweresimilarforseveralweldoverlaycoatings(Ultimet,Inconel625,IronAluminide,316LSS,and
HighChromiumCastIron)andwereconsiderablylowerthantheremainingcoatingevaluated.These
coatingshaddifferentbase(Co,Fe,Nibase).Nocorrelationswerefoundbetweenroomtemperature
microhardnessoftheweldoverlaycoatingsandtheirerosionresistanceatelevatedtemperature,although
thiscriteriaisoftenthoughttobeanindicatoroferosionresistance.Itwassuggestedthatthecoatingsthat
showedsimilarerosionratesmayhavesimilarmechanicalpropertiessuchasfracturestrength,toughness
andworkhardeningratesatthistemperature.Duringthepastquarter,IronAluminide,Inconel625,and
316LSScoatingswereselectedformoredetailedinvestigationsbaseduponthepreliminaryerosiontest
results.Microhardnesstestswereperformedonerodedsamplestodeterminethesizeofthework
hardenedzoneandchangeincoatingshardnessduetoerosion.Theworkhardenedzonewascorrelated
witherosionresistanceofthecoatings.AdditionalIronAluminide,Inconel625,and316LSScoatingswere
depositedon1018steelsubstrates.
16.Highlycorrosionresistantweldoverlayforoilpatchapplications(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/70054)
Hibner,E.L.Maligas,M.N.Vicic,J.C.
19941231
Petroleumequipmentcompaniescurrentlysell4130and4140steelpipewithalloy625(UNSN06625)weld
overlayforOilPatchapplications.Alloy686(UNSN06686),becauseofit`ssuperiorcorrosionresistance,is
currentlybeingevaluatedasareplacementmaterialforalloy625.MechanicalpropertiesandSlowStrain
Ratetestresultsforthealloy686weldoverlayarediscussedrelativetothealloy625weldoverlay.
17.Residualstressesinweldoverlaytubes:Afiniteelementstudy
Taljat,B.Zacharia,T.Wang,X.L.Keiser,J.R.Feng,Z.Jirinec,M.J.
19970103
Residualstressesandstrainsinatubewithcircumferentialweldoverlaywereanalyzedbythefinite
element(FE)method.TheobjectiveofthisworkwastodevelopandverifyaFEmodel,todeterminethe
magnitudeanddistributionofresidualstressesintheweldoverlaytube,andtoevaluatethesignificanceof
twocontributingfactorstoresidualstress:(1)differenceinmaterialpropertiesbetweentubeandweld
material,and(2)thermalgradientsintheweld.AnaxisymmetricFEmodelwasdevelopedtosimulatethe
circumferentialtwolayerweldingprocessofalloy625overlayonSA210tube.Thefirstlayerwasmodeled
asagasmetalarcweldingprocesswithfillermetal,whereastheautogenousgastungstenarcwelding
processwasmodeledforthesecondlayer.Neutrondiffractiontechniquewasusedtoexperimentally
determineresidualelasticstrainsintheweldoverlaytube.ComparisonwiththeFEresultsshowsoverall
goodagreement.BoththeexperimentalandFEresultsshowhighcompressivestressesattheinsidetube
surfaceandhightensilestressesintheweldoverlay.Thissuggeststhatweldoverlaymaybeusedto
relievetensileorproducecompressivestressesattheinsidetubesurface,whichissignificantfor
applicationswherecrackinitiationisfoundattherootpassofthejoiningweld.
18.InvestigationofIronAluminideWeldOverlays(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/10159)
Banovic,S.W.DuPont,J.B.Levin,B.F.Marder,A.R.
19990802
ConventionalfossilfiredboilershavebeenretrofittedwithlowNO(sub)xburnersinorderforthepower
plantstocomplywithnewcleanairregulations.Duetotheoperatingcharacteristicsoftheseburners,boiler
tubesulfidationcorrosiontypicallyhasbeenenhancedresultinginprematuretubefailure.Toprotectthe
existingpanelsfromacceleratedattack,weldoverlaycoatingsaretypicallybeingapplied.Bydepositingan
alloythatoffersbettercorrosionresistancethantheunderlyingtubematerial,thewastageratescanbe
reduced.WhileNibasedandstainlesssteelcompositionsarepresentlyprovidingprotection,theyare
expensiveandsusceptibletofailureviacorrosionfatigueduetomicrosegregationuponsolidification.
Anothermaterialsystempresentlyunderconsiderationforuseasacoatingintheoxidation/sulfidation
environmentsisironaluminum.Thesealloysarerelativelyinexpensive,exhibitlittlemicrosegregation,and
showexcellentcorrosionresistance.However,theiruseislimitedduetoweldabilityissuesandtheirlackof
corrosioncharacterizationinsimulatedlowNO(sub)xgascompositions.Thereforeaprogramwasinitiated
in1996toevaluatetheuseofironaluminumweldoverlaycoatingsforerosion/corrosionprotectionofboiler
tubesinfossilfiredboilerswithlowNO(sub)xburners.Investigatedpropertiesincludedweldability,
corrosionbehavior,erosionresistance,anderosioncorrosionperformance.
19.PulsedMagneticWeldingforAdvancedCoreandCladdingSteel
Cao,GuopingYang,Yong
20131219
Toinvestigateasolidstatejoiningmethod,pulsedmagneticwelding(PMW),forweldingtheadvancedcore
andcladdingsteelstobeusedinGenerationIVsystems,withaspecificapplicationforfuelpinendplug
welding.Asanotheralternativesolidstateweldingtechnique,pulsedmagneticwelding(PMW)hasnotbeen
extensivelyexploredontheadvancedsteels.Theresultantweldcanbefreefrommicrostructuredefects
(pores,nonmetallicinclusions,segregationofalloyingelements).Morespecifically,thefollowingobjectives
aretobeachieved:1.Todesignasuitableweldingapparatusfixture,andoptimizeweldingparametersfor
repeatableandacceptablejoiningofthefuelpinendplug.Theweldingwillbeevaluatedusingtensiletests
forlapjointweldmentsandheliumleaktestsforthefuelpinendplug2Investigatethemicrostructuraland
mechanicalpropertieschangesinPMWweldmentsofproposedadvancedcoreandcladdingalloys3.
SimulatetheirradiationeffectsonthePWMweldmentsusingionirradiation.
20.PrepenetrantEtchantForIncology(R)903WeldOverlays(http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
R=19900000190&hterms=hydrochloric&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dhydrochloric)
NASATechnicalReportsServer(NTRS)(http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp)
O'Tousa,JosephE.Thomas,ClarkS.Foster,RobertE.
19900101
EtchingsolutiondevelopedforusepriortotypeIVcpenetrantinspectionofIncology(R)903weldoverlays.
Formulatedasfollows:80gferricchloridehexahydrate,300mLreagentgradehydrochloricacid,25mL
foodorreagentgradephosphoricacid,and100mLethyleneglycol.Givesmorereasonablerangeof
etchingtimeandreducesprobabilityofoveretchingandresultingdamage.Storedindefinitely.
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
21.Asimpleinlinefiberpolarizerbasedontaperedflatcladmicrofiberwithaliquidcladdingoverlay
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008SPIE.7134E..45L)
Lee,C.L.Chuang,H.P.Lai,K.C.Hsieh,I.S.Chang,T.F.Fan,J.X.Tsao,H.H.Hsu,K.C.Chen,
N.K.
20081101
Anovelandsimpleinlinefiberpolarizerispresented.Theproposeddeviceisfabricatedbytaperingan
anisotropicflatcladdingbirefringentmicrofibersurroundingwithlowdispersionopticalliquidcladding.We
alsopresentedatheoreticalanalysisfordispersivebirefringenceofflatcladmicrofiberwithliquidoverlay.
Theproposeddevicecanbeusefulasallfiberpolarizerforopticalcommunications.Simulationresults
showthebirefringenceofthedevicecanbeenhancedwhentheaspectislarger.Intheexperimental
measurementforpolarizationextinctionratio(PER)oftheproposeddevice,afiberpigtailed1549.25nm
DFBlaserlightwasusedaslightsource.ThePERabout30dBwasdemonstratedwhentheliquidwith
refractiveindexnD=1.45wasused.
22.Weldingfixturefornuclearfuelpincladdingassemblies(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/865961)
DOEpatents(http://www.osti.gov/doepatents)
Oakley,DavidJ.Feld,SamH.
19860101
Aweldingfixtureforlocatingadriversleeveabouttheopenendofanuclearfuelpincladding.Thewelding
fixtureincludesaholderprovidedwithanopencavityhavingshouldersforproperlypositioningthedriver
sleeve,theendcap,andasoft,hightemperatureresistantplasticprotectivesleevethatsurroundsa
portionoftheendcapstem.Ejectedcontaminantparticlesspewedforthbyclosureofthecladdingby
pulsedmagneticweldingtechniquesarecapturedwithinacontaminationtrapformedintheholderfor
ultimateremovalanddisposalofcontaminatingparticlesalongwiththeholder.
23.Weldingfixturefornuclearfuelpincladdingassemblies(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/5056540)
Oakley,D.J.Feld,S.H.
19840222
Aweldingfixtureisdescribedforlocatingadriversleeveabouttheopenendofanuclearfuelpincladding.
Theweldingfixtureincludesaholderprovidedwithanopencavityhavingshouldersforproperlypositioning
thedriversleeve,theendcap,andasoft,hightemperatureresistantplasticprotectivesleevethat
surroundsaportionoftheendcapstem.Ejectedcontaminantparticlesspewedforthbyclosureofthe
claddingbypulsedmagneticweldingtechniquesarecapturedwithinacontaminationtrapformedinthe
holderforultimateremovalanddisposalofcontaminatingparticlesalongwiththeholder.
24.UltrasonicEvaluationofTwoDissimilarMetalWeldOverlaySpecimens
Crawford,SusanL.Cinson,AnthonyD.Prowant,MatthewS.Moran,TraciL.Anderson,MichaelT.
20120630
Twodissimilarmetalweld(DMW)pipetonozzlespecimenswereimplantedwiththermalfatiguecracksin
the13%to90%throughwalldepthrange.Thespecimenswereultrasonicallyevaluatedwithphasedarray
probeshavingcenterfrequenciesof0.8,1.0,1.5,and2.0megahertz(MHz).AnAlloy82/182weldoverlay
(WOL)wasappliedandthespecimenswereultrasonicallyreevaluatedforflawdetectionand
characterization.ThePostWOLflawdepthswereapproximately10%to56%throughwall.Thisstudyhas
showntheeffectivenessofultrasonicexaminationsofAlloy82/182overlaidDMWspecimens.Phasedarray
probeswithcenterfrequencyinthe0.8to1.0MHzrangeprovideastrongcoherentsignalbutthegreater
ultrasonicwavelengthandlargerbeamspotsizepreventthereliabledetectionofsmallflaws.Thesesmall
flawshadnominalthroughwalldepthsoflessthan15%andlengthinthe5060mm(22.4in.)range.
Flawsinthe19%andgreaterthroughwalldepthrangewerereadilydetectedwithallfourprobes.Atthe
higherfrequencies,thereflectedsignalsarelesscoherentbutstillprovideadequatesignalforflaw
detectionandcharacterization.Asingleinspectionat2.0MHzcouldprovideadequatedetectionandsizing
informationbutasupplementalinspectionat1.0or1.5MHzisrecommended.
25.TheEffectofDilutiononMicrosegregationinAWSERNiCrMo14AlloyWeldingCladdings
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MMTA..tmp..512M)
Min,mersonMendonadaSilva,YuriCruzDille,JeanSilva,CleitonCarvalho
20161001
Dilutionandmicrosegregationarephenomenainherenttocladdings,which,inturn,directlyaffecttheir
mainproperties.Thisstudyevaluatedmicrosegregationinthefusionzonewithdifferentdilutionlevels.The
overlayswereweldedbytheTIGcoldwirefeedprocess.Dilutionwascalculatedfromthegeometric
characteristicsofthecladdingsandfromtheconservationofmassequationusingchemicalcomposition
measurements.MicrosegregationwascalculatedusingenergydispersiveXrayspectroscopy
measurementsofthedendritesandthechemicalcompositionofthefusionzone.Thedilutionofthe
claddingswasincreasedbyreducingthewirefeedrate.Feshowedpotentialtobeincorporatedintothe
solidphase(k>1),andthisincreasedwiththeincreaseofdilution.Mo,inturn,wassegregatedintothe
liquidphase(k<1)andalsoincreasedwiththeincreaseofdilution.However,CrandWshowedaslight
decreaseintheirpartitioncoefficients(k)withtheincreaseofdilution.
26.Spotweldattachmentofthermocouplestoafuelrodcladdinginteriorsurface
Page,R.E.Bates,S.O.Pilger,J.P.
19840801
ResearchwasconductedbyPacificNorthwestLaboratorytoweld0.020inchdiameterthermocouplesto
theinteriorsurfaceofZircaloy4lightwaterreactorfuelcladding.InconelsheathedTypeKthermocouples
wereattachedtofuelcladdingtoregistercladdingtemperaturesduringlossofcoolantaccidenttesting.
Thisreportdescribesthedevelopmentofweldingparametersandtheeffectsofthermocoupleattachment
ontheburststrengthandintegrityofthecladdingattemperaturesupto1550/sup0/F.
27.CharacterizationofCassiniGPHSFueledCladProductionGirthWelds
FrancoFerreira,E.A.
20000323
Fueledcladsforradioisotopepowersystemsareproducedbyencapsulating{sup238}PuO{sub2}in
iridiumalloycups,whicharejoinedattheirequatorsbygastungstenarcwelding.Crackingproblemsatthe
girthweldtieinareaduringproductionoftheGalileo/UlyssesGPHScapsulesledtothedevelopmentofa
firstgenerationultrasonictestforgirthweldinspectionattheSavannahRiverPlant.Asecondgeneration
testandequipmentwithsignificantlyimprovedsensitivityandaccuracywerejointlydevelopedbytheOak
RidgeY12PlantandWestinghouseSavannahRiverCompanyforuseduringtheproductionofCassini
GPHScapsulesbytheLosAlamosNationalLaboratory.ThetestconsistedofLambwaveultrasonic
scanningoftheentiregirthweldfromeachendofthecapsulecombinedwithatimeofflightevaluationto
aidincharacterizingnonrelevantindications.Tangentialradiographywasalsousedasasupplementary
testforfurtherevaluationofreflectorgeometry.Eachofthe317fueledGPHScapsules,whichweregirth
weldedfortheCassiniProgram,wassubjectedtoaseriesofnondestructiveteststhatincludedvisual,
dimensional,heliumleakrate,andultrasonictesting.Thirtythreecapsuleswererejectedpriortoultrasonic
testing.Ofthe44capsulesrejectedbythestandardultrasonictest,22wereupgradedtoflightquality
throughsupplementarytestingforanoverallprocessacceptancerateof82.6%.Noconfirmedinstancesof
weldcrackingwerefound.
28.FeAlWeldOverlayandHighVelocityOxyFuelThermalSprayCoatingsforCorrosionProtectionof
WaterwallsinFossilFiredPlantswithLowNOxBurners(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/814323)
Regina,J.R.
20020208
Ironaluminumchromiumcoatingswereinvestigatedtodeterminethebestcandidatesforcoatingsofboiler
tubesinLowNOxfossilfueledpowerplants.Tenironaluminumchromiumweldcladdingswithaluminum
concentrationsupto10wt%weretestedinavarietyofenvironmentstoevaluatetheirhightemperature
corrosionresistance.Theweldoverlaycladdingsalsocontainedtitaniumadditionstoinvestigateany
beneficialeffectsfromtheseternaryandquaternaryalloyingadditions.SeveralHighVelocityOxyFuel
(HVOF)thermalspraycoatingswithhigheraluminumconcentrationswereinvestigatedaswell.Gaseous
corrosiontestingrevealedthatatleast10wt%Alisrequiredforprotectionintherangeofenvironments
examined.Chromiumadditionswerebeneficialinalloftheenvironments,butadditionsoftitaniumwere
beneficialonlyinsulfurrichatmospheres.Similarresultswereobservedwhenweldcladdingswerein
contactwithcorrosiveslagwhilesimultaneously,exposedtothecorrosiveenvironments.Analuminum
concentrationof10wt%wasrequiredtopreventlargeamountsofcorrosiontotakeplace.Againchromium
additionswerebeneficialwiththegreatestcorrosionprotectionoccurringforweldscontainingboth10wt%Al
and5wt%Cr.Theexposedthermalspraycoatingsshowedeithersignificantcrackingwithinthecoating,
considerablethicknessloss,orcorrosionproductsatthecoatingsubstrateinterface.Therefore,thethermal
spraycoatingsprovidedthesubstrateverylittleprotection.Overall,itwasconcludedthatofthecoatings
studiedweldoverlaycoatingsprovidesuperiorprotectionintheseLowNOxenvironmentsspecifically,the
ternaryweldcompositionof10wt%Aland5wt%Crprovidedthebestcorrosionprotectioninallofthe
environmentstested.
29.Roboticweldoverlaycoatingsforerosioncontrol.Quarterlytechnicalprogressreport,January1994
March1994(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/10158158)
19940421
Reducedpowerplantefficiencyduetosolidparticleerosionofboilertubesandwaterwallshasledto
variousmethodstocombatSPE.Onemethodistoapplycoatingstothecomponentssubjectedtoerosive
erosionmitigationincirculatedfluidizedbeds.
30.Roboticweldoverlaycoatingsforerosioncontrol.Finaltechnicalprogressreport,July1992July1995
Levin,B.F.DuPont,J.N.Marder,A.R.
19951015
Theerosionbehaviorofweldoverlaycoatingshasbeenstudied.Elevenweldoverlayalloysweredeposited
on1018steelsubstratesusingtheplasmaarcweldingprocessanderosiontestedat400{degrees}Cat
90{degrees}and30{degrees}particleimpactangles.Themicrostructureofeachcoatingwascharacterized
beforeerosiontesting.Arelativerankingofthecoatingserosionresistancewasdevelopedbydetermining
thesteadystateerosionrates.Ultimet,Inconel625,and316LSScoatingsshowedthebesterosion
resistanceatbothimpactangles.Itwasfoundthatweldoverlaysthatexhibitgoodabrasionresistancedid
notshowgooderosionresistance.Erosiontestswerealsoperformedforselectedwroughtmaterialswith
chemicalcompositionsimilartoweldoverlays.Erodedsurfacesofthewroughtandweldalloyswere
examinedbyScanningElectronMicroscopy(SEM).Microhardnesstestswereperformedontheeroded
samplesbelowtheerosionsurfacetodeterminesizeoftheplasticallydeformedregion.Itwasfoundthat
onegroupofcoatingsexperiencedsignificantplasticdeformationasaresultoferosionwhiletheotherdid
not.Itwasalsoestablishedthat,inthesteadystateerosionregime,thesizeoftheplasticallydeformed
regionisconstant.
31.Weldoverlaycoatingsforerosioncontrol.TaskA:Literaturereview,progressreport
Levin,B.DuPont,J.N.Marder,A.R.
19930303
Aliteraturereviewwasmade.Inspiteofsimilaritiesbetweenabrasivewearandsolidparticleerosion,weld
overlayhardfacingalloysthatexhibithighabrasionresistancemaynotnecessarilyhavegooderosion
resistance.Theperformanceofweldoverlayhardfacingalloysinerosiveenvironmentshasnotbeen
studiedindetail.Itisbelievedthatprimarysolidifiedhardphasessuchascarbidesandintermetallic
compoundshaveastronginfluenceonerosionresistanceofweldoverlayhardfacingalloys.However,
relationshipsbetweensize,shape,andvolumefractionofhardphasesinahardfacingalloysanderosion
resistancewerenotestablished.Almostallhardfacingalloyscanbeseparatedintotwomajorgroupsbased
uponchemicalcompositionsoftheprimarysolidifiedhardphases:(a)carbidehardeningalloys(Co
base/carbide,WCCoandsomeFebasesuperalloys)and(b)intermetallichardeningalloys(Nibase
alloys,austeniticsteels,ironaluminides).
32.Roboticweldoverlaycoatingsforerosioncontrol.Quarterlyprogressreport,October1993December
1993(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/10141117)
19940120
Researchisbeingconductedtodevelopcriteriaforselectingweldoverlaycoatingsforerosionmitigationin
CirculatedFluidizedBeds.Twelveweldoverlayalloysweredepositedon1018steelsubstratesusing
plasmaarcwelding.Tensamplesfromeachcoatingwerepreparedforerosiontesting.Allselected
coatingswereerosiontestedat400Candtheirerosionresistanceandmicrostructureevaluated.Steady
stateerosionratesweresimilarforseveralweldoverlaycoatings(Ultimet,Inconel625,IronAluminide,
316LSS,andHighChromiumCastIron)andwereconsiderablylowerthantheremainingcoating
evaluated.Thesecoatingshaddifferentbase(Co,Fe,Nibase).Nocorrelationswerefoundbetweenroom
temperaturemicrohardnessoftheweldoverlaycoatingsandtheirerosionresistanceatelevated
temperature,althoughthiscriteriaisoftenthoughttobeanindicatoroferosionresistance.Itwas
suggestedthatthecoatingsthatshowedsimilarerosionratesmayhavesimilarmechanicalpropertiessuch
asfracturestrength,toughnessandworkhardeningratesatthistemperature.Duringthepastquarter,
IronAluminide,Inconel625,and316LSScoatingswereselectedformoredetailedinvestigationsbased
uponthepreliminaryerosiontestresults.Microhardnesstestswereperformedonerodedsamplesto
determinethesizeoftheworkhardenedzoneandchangeincoatingshardnessduetoerosion.Thework
hardenedzonewastocorrelatedwitherosionresistanceofthecoatings.AdditionalIronAluminide,Inconel
625,and316LSScoatingsweredepositedon1018steelsubstrates.
33.EffectofSomeOverlayWeldingRegimeWithLongitudinalMagneticFieldonHardness,PhaseComposition
AndWeldedLayerWearByArcMethodWithFluxMetalWire
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MS%26E..142a2006N)
Nosov,D.G.Peremitko,V.V.Barashkin,M.H.
20160801
Thepaperdefinestherangeofoverlayweldingcurrent,frequenciesandinductionofalongitudinal
magneticfieldthatenhancethewearresistanceofweldedlayeradditingtheflux.Theconditionsoftheir
mutualinfluenceontheprocessofstructureformationarestatedaswellasthemathematicalmodels
linkingtheoverlayweldingcurrent,frequencyandinductionofalongitudinalmagneticfieldwithhardness,
wearresistanceandphasecompositionoftheweldedlayer,theuseofwhichwillallowtodeterminethe
weldingmodestoprovidethenecessarypropertiesoftheweldmetal.
34.Interfacialmicrostructureandpropertiesofcoppercladsteelproducedusingfrictionstirweldingversusgas
metalarcwelding(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/22476093)
Shen,Z.Chen,Y.Haghshenas,M.Nguyen,T.Galloway,J.Gerlich,A.P.
20150615
Apreliminarystudycomparesthefeasibilityandmicrostructuresofpurecoppercladdingsproducedona
pressurevesselA516Gr.70steelplate,usingfrictionstirweldingversusgasmetalarcwelding.A
combinationofopticalandscanningelectronmicroscopyisusedtocharacterizethegrainstructuresinboth
thecoppercladdingandheataffectedzoneinthesteelnearthefusionline.Thefrictionstirwelding
techniqueproducescoppercladdingwithagrainsizeofaround25m,andnoevidenceofliquidcopper
penetrationintothesteel.Thegasmetalarcweldingofcoppercladdingexhibitsgrainsizesover1mm,
andwithsurfacemicrocracksaswellaspenetrationofliquidcopperupto50mintothesteelsubstrate.
Transmissionelectronmicroscopyrevealsthatmetallurgicalbondingisproducedinbothprocesses.
IncreaseddiffusionofMnandSiintothecoppercladdingoccurswhenusinggasmetalarcwelding,
althoughsomenanoporesweredetectedintheFSWjointinterface.Highlights:Claddingofsteelwith
purecopperispossibleusingeitherFSWorGMAW.TheFSWyieldedafinergrainstructureinthe
copper,withnoevidenceofcracking.TheFSWjointcontainssomeevidenceofnanoporesatthe
interfaceofthesteel/copper.CoppercladdingbyGMAWcontainedsurfacecracksattributedtohigh
thermalstresses.Thesteeladjacenttothefusionlinemaintainedahardnessvaluebelow248HV.
35.Residualstressdeterminationinanoverlaydissimilarweldedpipebyneutrondiffraction
(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/1024267)
Woo,WanChuckEm,VyacheslavHubbard,CamdenRLee,HoJinPark,KwangSoo
20110101
Residualstressesweredeterminedthroughthethicknessofadissimilarweldoverlaypipeusingneutron
diffraction.Thespecimenhasacomplexjoiningstructureconsistingofaferriticsteel(SA508),austenitic
steel(F316L),Nibasedconsumable(Alloy182),andoverlayofNibasesuperalloy(Alloy52M).Itsimulates
pressurizednozzlecomponents,whichhavebeenacriticalissueundertheseverecrackconditionof
nuclearpowerreactors.Twoneutrondiffractometerswithdifferentspatialresolutionshavebeenutilizedon
theidenticalspecimenforcomparison.Themacroscopic'stressfree'latticespacing(d{subo})wasalso
obtainedfrombothusinga2mmwidthcomblikecoupon.Theresultsshowsignificantchangesinresidual
stressesfromtension(300400MPa)tocompression(600MPa)throughthethicknessofthedissimilar
weldoverlaypipespecimen.
36.Roboticweldoverlaycoatingsforerosioncontrol.Quarterlytechnicalprogressreport,April1993June
19930720
Twelveweldoverlayhardfacingalloyshavebeenselectedforpreliminaryerosiontestingbasedupona
literaturereview.Fouroftheselectedcoatingsweredepositedona1018steelsubstrateusingplasmaarc
weldingprocess.Duringthepastquarter,theremainingeightcoatingsweredepositedinthesamemanner.
Tensamplesfromeachcoatingswerepreparedforerosiontesting.Microstructuralcharacterizationofeach
coatingisinprogress.Thisprogressreportdescribescoatingdepositionandsamplepreparation
procedures.Relationbetweencoatingshardnessandformationofcracksincoatingsisdiscussed.
37.Roboticweldoverlaycoatingsforerosioncontrol.[Quarterlyreport,JulySeptember1993
19931020
Inthepreviousperiodofwork,twelveoverlayhardfacingalloyswereselectedforerosiontestingbased
uponaliteraturereview.Alltwelvecoatingsweredepositedon1018steelsubstratesusingtheplasmaarc
weldingprocess.Tensamplesfromeachcoatingwerepreparedforerosiontesting.Thecoatingdeposition
andsamplepreparationproceduresweredescribedinthepreviousquarterlyreport.Duringthepast
quarter,allthecoatingswereerosiontestedat400C.Theerosionresistanceofeachcoatingwas
evaluatedbydeterminingthesteadystateerosionrate.Inaddition,themicrostructureofeachcoatingwas
characterizedbeforeandaftertheerosiontests.Thisprogressreportdescribestheerosiontestresultsand
coatingmicrostructures.Also,apreliminaryanalysisontherelationships,betweenweldoverlaycoating
hardness,microstructure,anderosionresistancewillbediscussed.
38.AssessmentofWeldOverlaysforMitigatingPrimaryWaterStressCorrosionCrackingatNickelAlloyButt
WeldsinPipingSystemsApprovedforLeakBeforeBreak
Sullivan,EdwardJ.Anderson,MichaelT.
20120801
ThisTLRprovidesanassessmentofweldoverlaysasamitigationstrategyforPWSCC,andincludesan
assessmentoftheWOLrelatedinspectionrequirementsofCodeCaseN7701,asconditionedin
50.55a.
39.Preliminaryassessmentofthefracturebehaviorofweldmaterialinfullthicknesscladbeams
Keeney,J.A.Bass,B.R.McAfee,W.J.Iskander,S.K.
19941001
Thisreportdescribesatestingprogramthatutilizesfullthicknesscladbeamspecimenstoquantifyfracture
toughnessforshallowcracksinmaterialforwhichmetallurgicalconditionsareprototypicofthosefoundin
reactorpressurevessels(RPVs).ThebeamspecimensarefabricatedfromasectionofanRPVwall
(removedfromacancelednuclearplant)thatincludesweld,plate,andcladmaterial.Metallurgicalfactors
potentiallyinfluencingfracturetoughnessforshallowcracksinthebeamspecimensincludematerial
gradientsduetoweldingandcladdingapplications,aswellasmaterialinhomogeneitiesinweldedregions
duetoreheatinginmultipleweldpasses.Asummaryofthetestingprogramincludesadescriptionofthe
specimengeometry,materialproperties,thetestingprocedure,andtheexperimentalresultsformthree
specimens.Theyieldstrengthoftheweldmaterialwasdeterminedtobe36%higherthantheyieldstrength
ofthebasematerial.Anirradiationinducedincreaseinyieldstrengthoftheweldmaterialcouldresultina
yieldstressthatexceedstheupperlimitwherecodecurvesarevalid.Thehighyieldstrengthforprototypic
weldmaterialmayhaveimplicationsforRPVstructuralintegrityassessments.Analysesofthetestdataare
discussed,includingcomparisonsofmeasureddisplacementswithfiniteelementanalysisresults,
applicationsoftoughnessestimationtechniques,andinterpretationsofconstraintconditionsimpliedby
stressbasedconstraintmethodologies.Metallurgicalconditionsintheregionofthecladdingheataffected
zoneareproposedasapossibleexplanationforthelowerboundfracturetoughnessmeasuredwithoneof
theshallowcrackcladbeamspecimens.Fracturetoughnessdatafromthethreecladbeamspecimensare
comparedwithothershallowanddeepcrackuniaxialbeamandcruciformdatageneratedpreviouslyfrom
A533GradeBplatematerial.
40.Reactorvesselcladdingseparateeffectsstudies(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/6404079)
Corwin,W.R.
19850101
Theexistenceofalayeroftoughweldoverlaycladdingontheinteriorofalightwaterreactorpressure
vesselcouldmitigatedamagecausedduringcertainovercoolingtransients.Thepotentialbenefitofthe
claddingisthatitcouldkeepashortsurfaceflaw,whichwouldotherwisebecomelong,fromgrowingeither
byimpedingcrackinitiationorbyarrestingarunningcrack.Twoaspectscriticaltocladdingbehaviorwillbe
reported:irradiationeffectsoncladdingtoughnessandtheresponseofmechanicallyloaded,flawed
structuresinthepresenceofcladding.15refs.,24figs.,6tabs.
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
41.IronaluminideweldoverlaycoatingsforboilertubeprotectionincoalfiredlowNOxboilers
Banovic,S.W.DuPont,J.N.Marder,A.R.
19971201
Ironaluminideweldoverlaycoatingsarecurrentlybeingconsideredforenhancedsulfidationresistancein
coalfiredlowNO{subx}boilers.Theuseofthesematerialsiscurrentlylimitedduetohydrogencracking
susceptibility,whichgenerallyincreaseswithanincreaseinaluminumconcentrationofthedeposit.The
overallobjectiveofthisprogramistoattainanoptimumaluminumcontentwithgoodweldabilityand
improvedsulfidationresistancewithrespecttoconventionalmaterialspresentlyinuse.Researchhasbeen
initiatedusingGasTungstenArcWelding(GTAW)inordertoachievethisend.Underdifferentsetsof
GTAWparameters(wirefeedspeed,current),bothsingleandmultiplepassoverlayswereproduced.
Characterizationofallweldmentswasconductedusinglightopticalmicroscopy,scanningelectron
microscopy,andelectronprobemicroanalysis.Resultantdepositsexhibitedawiderangeofaluminum
contents(543wt%).ItwasfoundthattheGTAWoverlayswithaluminumcontentsabove
{approximately}10wt%resultedincrackedcoatings.Preliminarycorrosionexperimentsof5to10wt%Al
castalloysinrelativelysimpleH{sub2}/H{sub2}Sgasmixturesexhibitedcorrosionrateslowerthan304
stainlesssteel.
42.Cladmetaljointclosure(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/5323637)
Siebert,O.W.
19850409
Aplasmaarcsprayoverlayofcladdingmetalsisusedoverjointsbetweencladmetalpiecestoprovidea
continuouscladdingmetalsurface.Thetechniquepermitsapplyinganoverlayofahighmeltingpoint
claddingmetaltoacladdingmetalsurfacewithoutexcessiveheatingofthebackingmetal.
43.FractureassessmentofweldmaterialfromafullthicknesscladRPVshellsegment
Keeney,J.A.Bass,B.R.McAfee,W.J.
19960701
Fractureanalysiswasappliedtofullthicknesscladbeamspecimenscontainingshallowcracksinmaterial
forwhichmetallurgicalconditionsareprototypicofthosefoundinreactorpressurevessels(RPV)at
beginningoflife.ThebeamspecimenswerefabricatedfromasectionofanRPVwall(removedfroma
cancelednuclearplant)thatincludesweld,plate,andcladmaterial.Metallurgicalfactorspotentially
influencingfracturetoughnessforshallowcracksinthebeamspecimensincludegradientsofmaterial
propertiesandresidualstressesduetoweldingandcladdingapplications.Fracturetoughnessestimates
wereobtainedfromloadvsloadlinedisplacementandloadvscrackmouthopeningdisplacementdata
usingfiniteelementmethodsandestimationschemesbasedonthe{eta}factormethod.Oneofthebeams
experiencedasignificantamountofprecleavagestableductiletearing.Effectsofprecleavagetearingon
estimatesoffracturetoughnesswereinvestigatedusingcontinuumdamagemodels.Fracturetoughness
resultsfromthecladbeamspecimenswerecomparedwithotherdeepandshallowcracksingleedge
notchbend(SENB)datageneratedpreviouslyfromA533GradeBplatematerial.Rangeofscatterforthe
cladbeamdataisconsistentwiththatfromthelaboratoryscaleSENBspecimenstestedatthesame
temperature.
44.Evaluationofironaluminideweldoverlaysforerosioncorrosionresistantboilertubecoatingsinlow
NO{subx}boilers(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/458950)
DuPont,J.N.Banovic,S.W.Marder,A.R.
19960801
LowNOxburnersarebeinginstalledinmanyfossilfiredpowerplantsinordertocomplywithnewCleanAir
Regulations.Duetotheoperatingcharacteristicsoftheseburners,boilertubesulfidationcorrosionisoften
enhancedandprematuretubefailurescanoccur.Failuresduetooxidationandsolidparticleerosionare
alsoaconcern.Aprogramwasinitiatedinearly1996toevaluatetheuseofironaluminideweldoverlays
forerosion/corrosionprotectionofboilertubesinLowNOxboilers.Compositeiron/aluminumwireswillbe
usedwiththeGasMetalArcWelding(GMAW)processtoprepareoverlaysonboilertubessteelswith
aluminumcontentsfrom8to16wt%.Theweldabilityofthecompositewireswillbeevaluatedasafunction
ofchemicalcompositionandweldingparameters.Theeffectofoverlaycompositiononcorrosion(oxidation
andsulfidation)andsolidparticleerosionwillalsobeevaluated.Thelaboratorystudieswillbe
complementedbyfieldexposuresofbothironaluminideweldoverlaysandcoextrudedtubingunderactual
boilerconditions.
45.Nondestructiveevaluationofexplosivelyweldedcladrodsbyresonanceacousticspectroscopy.
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12788219)
PubMed(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed)
Fan,YTysoe,BSim,JMirkhani,KSinclair,ANHonarvar,FSildva,HarrySzecket,Alexander
Hardwick,Roy
20030701
Aresonanceacousticspectroscopytechniqueisassessedfornondestructiveevaluationofexplosively
weldedcladrods.Eachrodismodeledasatwolayeredcylinderwithaspringmasssystemtorepresenta
thininterfaciallayercontainingtheweld.Arangeofinterfacialprofilesisgeneratedinasetofexperimental
samplesbyvaryingthespeedoftheexplosionthatdrivesthecoppercladdingintothealuminumcore.
Excellentagreementisachievedbetweenmeasuredandcalculatedvaluesoftheresonantfrequenciesof
thesystem,throughappropriateadjustmentoftheinterfacialmassandspringconstantsusedinthewave
scatteringcalculations.Destructiveanalysisoftheinterfaceintheexperimentalspecimensconfirmsthat
keyfeaturesoftheinterfacialprofilemaybeinferredfromresonanceacousticspectroscopyanalysis
appliedtoultrasonicmeasurements.
46.AdvancedUltrasonicInspectionTechniquesforGeneralPurposeHeatSourceFueledCladClosureWelds
Moyer,M.W.
20010111
Aradioisotopethermoelectricgeneratorisusedtoprovideapowersourceforlongtermdeepspace
missions.ThisGeneralPurposeHeatSource(GPHS)isfabricatedusingiridiumcladventsetstocontain
theplutoniumoxidefuelpellets.Integrityoftheclosureweldisessentialtoensurecontainmentofthe
plutonium.TheOakRidgeY12Planttooktheleadroleindevelopingtheultrasonicinspectionforthe
closureweldandtransferringtheinspectiontoLosAlamosNationalLaboratoryforuseinfueledclad
inspectionfortheCassinimission.Initiallyonlyamplitudeandtimeofflightdatawererecorded.However,a
numberofbenigngeometricconditionsproducedsignalsthatwerelargerthantheacceptancethreshold.
Toidentifytheseconditions,aBscaninspectionwasdevelopedthatacquiredfullultrasonicwaveforms.
UsingatestprotocoltheBscaninspectionwasabletoidentifybenignconditionssuchasweldshieldfusion
andinternalmismatch.Tangentialradiographywasusedtoconfirmtheultrasonicresults.Allbuttwoof29
fueledcladsforwhichultrasonicBscandatawasevaluatedappearedtohavesignalsthatcouldbe
attributedtobenigngeometricconditions.ThisreportdescribestheultrasonicinspectiondevelopedatY12
fortheCassinimission.
47.Studiesoncorrosionbehaviourofelectroslagstripcladdedweldoverlaysforchemicalprocessindustries
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhDT.......508K)
Kahar,SunilkumarD.
TherapidlyexpandingoilsandsofwesternCanada,thethirdlargestreservesintheworld,arecreating
seriouschallenges,suchasecologicalharm,labourshortages,andextensivenaturalgasconsumption.
Thisthesisdevelopsthreepracticalrealoptionsmodelstoevaluatethefeasibilityofoilsandsprojectsand
toestimatetheoptimalrateofoilsandsexpansion,whileaccountingforthestatedconcerns.(Abstract
shortenedbyUMI.).
48.Cladventsetcupopenend(closureweldzone)wallthicknessstudy
Ulrich,G.B.Sherrill,M.W.
19940901
ThewallthicknessattheopenendofCladVentSet(CVS)cupsisaveryimportantparameterfor
maintainingcontrolofthefueledCVSclosureweldprocess.Ideally,thewallthicknessintheclosureweld
zoneshouldbeconstant.TheDOP26iridiumalloyisverydifficulttomachinetherefore,keydimensional
featuresareestablishedduringthetwodrawwarmformingoperation.Unfortunately,anisotropyinthe
formingblanksproducesfourearsattheopenendofeachcup.Formationoftheseearsproducesaxial
andcircumferentialvariationsinwallthickness.Thecupcertificationrequirementisthatthewallthickness
intheclosureweldzone,definedasthe2.5mmbandattheopenendofacup,measurefrom0.63to0.73
mm.ThewallthicknesscertificationdatafortheopenendoftheCVScupshavebeenstatistically
evaluated.ThesedatashowthatthecupsrecentlyproducedfortheCassinimissionhavewellcontrolled
openendwallthicknesses.
49.HistoryofResistanceWeldingOxideDispersionStrengthenedCladdingandotherHighTemperature
MaterialsatCenterforAdvancedEnergyStudies(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/1042354)
LarryZirkerNathanJerredDr.IndrajitCharitJamesCole
20120301
Researchproposal081079,'AComparativeStudyofWeldedODSCladdingMaterialsforAFCI/GNEP,'was
fundedin2008underanAdvancedFuelCycleInitiative(AFCI)ResearchandDevelopmentFunding
Opportunity,numberDEPS0708ID14906.Thproposalsoughttoconductresearchonjoiningoxide
dispersionstrengthen(ODS)tubingmaterialtoasolidendplug.Thisdocumentsummarizesthescientific
andtechnicalprogressachievedduringtheproject,whichranfrom2008to2011.
50.DeformationbehavioroflaserweldsinhightemperatureoxidationresistantFeCrAlalloysforfuelcladding
applications(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgibin/nphdata_query?
bibcode=2014JNuM..454..352F&link_type=ABSTRACT)
Field,KevinG.Gussev,MaximN.Yamamoto,YukinoriSnead,LanceL.
20141101
FerriticstructuredFeCrAlalloysarebeingdevelopedandshowpromiseasoxidationresistantaccident
tolerantlightwaterreactorfuelcladding.Thisstudyfocusesoninvestigatingtheweldabilityandpostweld
mechanicalbehaviorofthreemodelalloysinarangeofFe(1317.5)Cr(34.4)Al(wt.%)withaminor
additionofyttriumusingmodernlaserweldingtechniques.Adetailedstudyonthemechanicalperformance
ofbeadonplateweldsusingsubsized,flatdogbonetensilespecimensanddigitalimagecorrelation(DIC)
hasbeencarriedouttodeterminetheperformanceofweldsasafunctionofalloycomposition.Results
indicatedareductionintheyieldstrengthwithinthefusionzonecomparedtothebasemetal.Yieldstrength
reductionwasfoundtobeprimarilyconstrainedtothefusionzoneduetograincoarseningwithaless
severereductionintheheataffectedzone.Forallproposedalloys,laserweldingresultedinadefectfree
welddevoidofcrackingorinclusions.
51.DeformationBehaviorofLaserWeldsinHighTemperatureOxidationResistantFeCrAlAlloysforFuel
CladdingApplications(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/1157111)
Field,KevinGGussev,MaximNYamamoto,YukinoriSnead,LanceLewis
20141101
FerriticstructuredFeCrAlalloysarebeingdevelopedandshowpromiseasoxidationresistantaccident
tolerantlightwaterreactorfuelcladding.Thisstudyfocusesoninvestigatingtheweldabilityofthreemodel
alloysinarangeofFe(1317.5)Cr(34.4)Alinweightpercentwithaminoradditionofyttriumusinglaser
weldingtechniques.Adetailedstudyonthemechanicalperformanceofbeadonplateweldshasbeen
carriedouttodeterminetheperformanceofweldsasafunctionofalloycomposition.Laserwelding
resultedinadefectfreewelddevoidofcrackingorinclusionsforallalloysstudied.Resultsindicateda
reductionintheyieldstrengthwithinthefusionzonecomparedtothebasemetal.Yieldstrengthreduction
wasfoundtobeprimarilyconstrainedtothefusionzoneduetograincoarseningwithalesssevere
reductionintheheataffectedzone.Nosignificantcorrelationwasfoundbetweenthedeformation
behavior/mechanicalperformanceofweldsandthelevelofCrorAlinthealloyrangesstudied.
52.LaboratoryandfieldevaluationsofcladChristmastreeequipment
Sisak,W.J.)Gordon,J.R.)
19910201
Inthispaperamethodologyispresentedforevaluatingthecorrosionresistanceofcladequipmentinsour
environments.Thispaperdescribesthelaboratoryandfieldtestprogramsusedtoevaluatethesuitability
forsourserviceofgatevalvescladwithAlloyUNSNO6625byweldoverlayandbyhot,isostaticpressing
(HIP).Thelaboratorytestsusedtoevaluatecorrosionandcrackingresistanceofthecladsarereviewed.
Experiencewithactualfieldinstallationsofbothtypesofcladvalvesispresented,andthetest/inspection
methodsusedtoevaluatetheequipmentduringandaftertheserviceperiodarediscussed.Finally,
laboratoryandfieldresultsarecomparedtohighlightkeyfindingsrelatedtothecladvalvebodiesandto
thetrimcomponents.
53.Investigationoftheweldabilityofironaluminumchromiumoverlaycoatingsforcorrosionprotectionin
oxidizing/sulfidizingenvironments(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PhDT.......101R)
Regina,JonathanR.
Thecurrentstudyinvestigatedtheeffectofchromiumadditionsonthehydrogencrackingsusceptibilityof
FeAlweldoverlaycladdingscontainingchromiumadditions.ItwasfoundthattheweldabilityofFeAlCr
claddingswasafunctionofboththealuminumandchromiumconcentrationsoftheweldcoatings.Weld
overlaycompositionsthatwerenotsusceptibletohydrogencrackingwereidentifiedandtheunderlying
mechanismbehindthehydrogencrackingphenomenonwasinvestigatedfurther.Itwasconcludedthatthe
crackingbehavioroftheFeAlCrweldsdependedstronglyonthemicrostructureoftheweldfusionzone.
AlthoughitwasfoundthatthecrackingsusceptibilitywasinfluencedbythepresenceofFeAlintermetallic
phases(namelyFe3AlandFeAl),thecrackingbehaviorofFeAlCrweldoverlaycladdingsalsodepended
onthesizeanddistributionofcarbideandoxideparticlespresentwithintheweldstructure.Theseparticles
actedashydrogentrappingsites,whichareareaswherefreehydrogensegregatesandcannolonger
contributetothehydrogenembrittlementofthemetal.Itwasdeterminedthatinpracticalapplicationsof
theseFeAlCrweldoverlaycoatings,carbonshouldbepresentwithintheseweldstoreducetheamountof
hydrogenavailableforhydrogencracking.BasedontheweldabilityresultsoftheFeAlCrweldcladdings,
coatingcompositionsthatwereabletobedepositedcrackfreewereusedforlongtermcorrosiontestingin
asimulatedlowNOxenvironment.ThesealloyswerecomparedtoaNibasedsuperalloy(622),whichis
commonlyutilizedasboilertubecoatingsinpowerplantfurnacesforcorrosionprotection.Itwasfoundthat
theFeAlCralloysdemonstratedsuperiorcorrosionresistancewhencomparedtotheNibasedsuperalloy.
DuetotheexcellentlongtermcorrosionbehaviorofFeAlCrweldoverlaysthatwereimmunetohydrogen
cracking,itwasconcludedthatselectFeAlCrweldoverlaycompositionswouldmakeexcellentcorrosion
resistant
54.Theeffectsofventnotchareaonbulgingandthinningduringthecladventtestclosureweldoperation
Ulrich,G.B.
19960901
Theinternalgaspressureduringcladventset(CVS)weldingisventedthroughalignedventnotchesin
eachcup.ForGalileo,Ulysses,andmostofCassiniCVSproduction,theventnotchdimensional
requirementsforbothcupswereasfollows:(1)ventnotchdepth,0.15/0.20mm(2)ventnotchwidth,
0.25/0.35nun(3)bottomofventnotchcomers,sharptofullradius(4)topofventnotchedge,0.05mm
maximumbreakand(5)maximumvariationbetweenventnotchandgritblastedtrianglecenterlines,
3{degrees}.Duringthefuelencapsulationoperation(with{sup238}PuO{sub2}fuelpellets)atLosAlamos
NationalLaboratory(LANL),excessivebulgesorblowoutsattheCVSclosureweldtieinlocationoccurred
with11.8%(27outof229)oftheflightqualityweldsmadewiththeaforementionedstandardventnotch
dimensions.Thesebulgesandblowoutsareprimarilytheresultofinadequateventingoftheincreasedgas
pressureduringthethermalcycleoftheclosureweldoperation.Properventingisdependentmostlyupon
theweldparametersandthetotalventnotcharea.Becauseoftheincreasedincidenceofbulges/blowouts
inthe{sup238}PuO{sub2}fueledCVSunits,LANLpersonnelrequestedthatconsiderationbegivento
increasingtheventnotchsizetominimizefurtherthelossofCVShardwareandthepotentiallossof{sup
238}PuO{sub2}pellets.Thus,increasingfurthertheproductionyieldoftheclosureweldoperationwould
avoidpotentiallyseverescheduledelays.
55.EndClosureJoiningofFerriticMartensiticandOxideDispersionStrengthenedSteelCladdingTubesby
MagneticPulseWelding(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MMTA...46.3132L)
Lee,JungGuPark,JinJuLee,MinKuRhee,ChangKyuKim,TaeKyuSpirin,AlexeyKrutikov,Vasiliy
Paranin,Sergey
20150701
Themagneticpulsewelding(MPW)techniquewasemployedfortheendclosurejoiningoffuelpincladding
tubesmadeofferriticmartensitic(FM)steelandoxidedispersionstrengthened(ODS)steel.Thetechnique
isasolidstateimpactjoiningprocessbasedontheelectromagneticforce,similartoexplosivewelding.For
agivensetofoptimalprocessparameters,e.g.,theendpluggeometry,therigidmetallurgicalbonding
betweenthetubeandendplugwasobtainedbyhighvelocityimpactcollisionaccompaniedwithsurface
jetting.Thejointregionshowedatypicalwavymorphologywithanarrowgrainboundarylikebonding
interface.Therewasnoevidenceofevenlocalmelting,andonlythelimitedgrainrefinementwasobserved
inthevicinityofthebondinginterfacewithoutdestructingtheoriginalreinforcementmicrostructureofthe
FMODSsteel,i.e.,afinegrainstructurewithoxidedispersion.Noleaksweredetectedduringhelium
leakagetest,andmoreover,theruptureoccurredinthecladdingtubesectionwithoutleavinganyjoint
damageduringinternalpressurebursttest.Alloftheresultsprovedtheintegrityanddurabilityofthe
MPWedjointsandsignifiedthegreatpotentialofthismethodofendclosurejoiningforadvancedfast
reactorfuelpinfabrication.
56.AComparativeStudyofWeldedODSCladdingmaterialsforAFCI/GNEPApplications
IndrajitCharitMeganFraryDarrylButtK.L.MurtyLarryZirkerJamesColeMitchellMeyerRajivS.
MishraMarkWoltz
20110331
Thisresearchprojectinvolvedworkingonthepressureresistanceweldingofoxidedispersionstrengthened
(ODS)alloyswhichwillhavealargeroletoplayinadvancednuclearreactors.Theprojectalso
demonstratedtheresearchcollaborationbetweenfouruniversitiesandonenationlaboratory(Idaho
NationalLaboratory)withparticipationfromanindustryfordevelopingforODSalloys.Thesealloyscontain
ahighnumberdensityofveryfineoxideparticlesthatcanimparthightemperaturestrengthandradiation
damageresistancesuitableforincoreapplicationsinadvancedreactors.Theconventionalfusionwelding
techniquestendtoproduceporosityladenmicrostructureintheweldregionandleadtotheagglomeration
andnonuniformdistributionoftheneededoxideparticles.Thatiswhytwosolidstateweldingmethods
pressureresistancewelding(PRW)andfrictionstirwelding(FSW)werechosentobeevaluatedinthis
project.TheproposalisexpectedtosupportthedevelopmentofAdvancedBurnerReactors(ABR)under
theGNEPprogram(nowincorporatedinFuelCycleR&Dprogram).Theoutcomesoftheconcluded
researchincludetrainingofgraduateandundergraduatestudentsandgettheminterestedinnuclear
relatedresearch.
57.Afiniteelementmodelforresidualstressinrepairwelds(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/244602)
Feng,Z.Wang,X.L.Spooner,S.Goodwin,G.M.Maziasz,P.J.Hubbard,C.R.Zacharia,T.
19960328
Thispaperdescribesathreedimensionalfiniteelementmodelforcalculationoftheresidualstress
distributioncausedbyrepairwelding.Specialusersubroutinesweredevelopedtosimulatethecontinuous
depositionoffillermetalduringwelding.Themodelwasthentestedbysimulatingtheresidualstress/strain
fieldofaFeAlweldoverlaycladona2{1/4}Cr1Mosteelplate,forwhichneutrondiffractionmeasurement
dataoftheresidualstrainfieldwereavailable.Itisshownthatthecalculatedresidualstressdistributionwas
consistentwiththatdeterminedwithneutrondiffraction.Hightensileresidualstressesinboththe
longitudinalandtransversedirectionswereobservedaroundtheweldtoeattheendoftheweld.The
strongspatialdependencyoftheresidualstressesintheregionaroundthewelddemonstratesthatthe
commontwodimensionalcrosssectionfiniteelementmodelsshouldnotbeusedforrepairwelding
analysis.
58.NondestructiveinspectionofGeneralPurposeHeatSource(GPHS)fueledcladgirthwelds
Reimus,M.A.H.George,T.G.Lynch,C.Padilla,M.Moniz,P.Guerrero,A.Moyer,M.W.Placr,A.
19980115
TheGeneralPurposeHeatSource(GPHS)providespowerforspacemissionsbytransmittingtheheatof
{sup238}Pudecaytoanarrayofthermoelectricelements.TheGPHSisfabricatedusinganiridiumalloyto
containthe{sup238}PuO{sub2}fuelpellet.GPHScapsuleswillbeutilizedintheupcomingCassinimission
toexploreSaturnanditsmoons.Thephysicalintegrityofthegirthweldisimportanttomissionsafetyand
performance.Becausepastexperiencehadrevealedapotentialforinitiationofsmallcracksinthegirth
weldoverlapzone,anondestructiveinspectionofeachcapsuleweldisrequired.Anultrasonicmethodwas
usedtoinspecttheweldsofcapsulesfabricatedfortheGalileomission.Theinstrument,transducer,and
methodusedwerestateoftheartatthetime(early1980s).Theultrasonicinstrumentationandmethods
usedtoinspecttheCassiniGPHSswassignificantlyupgradedfromthoseusedfortheGalileomission.
GPHSsthathadultrasonicreflectorsinexcessoftherejectspecificationlevelweresubsequentlyinspected
withradiographytoprovideadditionalengineeringdatausedtoaccept/rejecttheheatsource.Thispaper
describestheGalileoeraultrasonicinstrumentationandmethodsandthesubsequentupgradesmadeto
supporttestingofCassiniGPHSs.Alsodiscussedisthedataobtainedfromradiographicexaminationand
correlationtoultrasonicexaminationresults.
59.NondestructiveinspectionofGeneralPurposeHeatSource(GPHS)fueledcladgirthwelds
Reimus,M.A.George,T.G.Lynch,C.Padilla,M.Moniz,P.Guerrero,A.Moyer,M.W.Placr,A.
19980101
TheGeneralPurposeHeatSource(GPHS)providespowerforspacemissionsbytransmittingtheheatof
{sup238}Pudecaytoanarrayofthermoelectricelements.TheGPHSisfabricatedusinganiridiumalloyto
containthe{sup238}PuO{sub2}fuelpellet.GPHScapsuleswillbeutilizedintheupcomingCassinimission
toexploreSaturnanditsmoons.Thephysicalintegrityofthegirthweldisimportanttomissionsafetyand
performance.Becausepastexperiencehadrevealedapotentialforinitiationofsmallcracksinthegirth
weldoverlapzone,anondestructiveinspectionofeachcapsuleweldisrequired.Anultrasonicmethodwas
usedtoinspecttheweldsofcapsulesfabricatedfortheGalileomission.Theinstrument,transducer,and
methodusedwerestateoftheartatthetime(early1980s).Theultrasonicinstrumentationandmethods
usedtoinspecttheCassiniGPHSswassignificantlyupgradedfromthoseusedfortheGalileomission.
GPHSsthathadultrasonicreflectorsinexcessoftherejectspecificationlevelweresubsequentlyinspected
withradiographytoprovideadditionalengineeringdatausedtoaccept/rejecttheheatsource.Thispaper
describestheGalileoeraultrasonicinstrumentationandmethodsandthesubsequentupgradesmadeto
supporttestingofCassiniGPHSs.Alsodiscussedisthedataobtainedfromradiographicexaminationand
correlationtoultrasonicexaminationresults.{copyright}{ital1998AmericanInstituteofPhysics.}
60.Contributionsregardingincreasingreliabilityofbeerindustryinstallationsusingweldcladdinginultrasonic
field(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MS%26E..145f2004A)
Amza,GhPetrescu,V.Nioi,D.Mateiu,A.Dimitrescu,A.Apostolescu,Z.
20160801
Paperpresentsanewtechnologyforavailabilityincreasingofdifferentinstallationpartsusedinbeer
industryultrasonicactivationofmetaldepositionbywelding.Thedilutionphenomenonisstudiedlinkedon
itsinfluenceuponmaterialtechnologicalandfunctionalpropertiesinthethreedistinctzonesofresulted
couple(fillermaterial,influencedthermalzone,basematerial).Experimentalresultsperformedon
unidirectionalvalvearepresentedregardingvariationofchemicalcompositionconcentrationanddilution
variationinthreezonesinfluencedbyultrasonicwave.
1 2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5 6
61.Welding.(http://eric.ed.gov/?q=welding+AND+mig&id=ED233175)
ERICEducationalResourcesInformationCenter
(http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced)
SouthCarolinaStateDept.ofEducation,Columbia.OfficeofVocationalEducation.
ThiscurriculumguideisdesignedforusebySouthCarolinavocationaleducationteachersasacontinuing
setoflessonplansforatwoyearcourseonwelding.Coveredintheindividualsectionsoftheguidearethe
followingtopics:anorientationtowelding,oxyacetylenewelding,advancedoxyacetylenewelding,shielded
metalarcwelding,TIG
62.RadiographicInspectionofFueledClads(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/910993)
TimothyJ.RoneyKarenM.Wendt
20050401
Fivegeneralpurposeheatsource(GPHS)fueledcladswereradiographicallyinspectedattheIdaho
NationalLaboratory(INL).Thegirthweldregionofeachcladhadpreviouslypassedvisualexamination,
ringgaugetest,andleaktestbutshowedpositiveindicationsontheultrasonic(UT)test.Positive
ultrasonicindicationsareallowableundercertainweldconditionsradiographicinspectionprovidesa
secondarynonintrusivemeansofcladinspectionandmayconfirmallowableanomaliesfromtheUT
inspection.AllthepositiveUTindicationswerefoundtoexhibitallowableweldshieldfusionormismatch
conditions.Noindicationofvoiddefectswasfound.Oneadditionalclad(FCO371)wasdeemed
unacceptableforradiographicinspectionduetoanunknownblacksubstancethatobscuredtheangular
originontheweldsothattheangularoffsettotheUTindicationcouldnotbefound.
63.Welding.(http://eric.ed.gov/?q=WElding&pg=4&id=ED223792)
LehighCountyAreaVocationalTechnicalSchool,Schnecksville,PA.
Thiscurriculumguideprovidesmaterialsfora12unitsecondarycourseinwelding.Purposestatedforthe
flexibleentryandexitcourseistohelpstudentsmastermanipulativeskillstodevelopsuccessfulwelding
techniquesandtogainanunderstandingofthespecializedtoolsandequipmentusedintheweldingfield.
Unitscoveroxyacetylene
64.VacuumGasTungstenArcWelding(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19970019597)
Weeks,J.L.Todd,D.T.Wooten,J.R.
19970101
Atwoyearprograminvestigatedvacuumgastungstenarcwelding(VGTAW)asamethodtomodifyor
improvetheweldabilityofnormallydifficulttoweldmaterials.AfteravacuumchamberandGTAWpower
supplyweremodified,severaldifficulttoweldmaterialswerestudiedandkeyparametersdeveloped.
Finally,Incoloy903weldoverlayswereproducedwithoutmicrofissures.
65.Overlayaccuracyfundamentals(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SPIE.8324E..17K)
Kandel,DanielLevinski,VladimirSapiens,NoamCohen,GuyAmit,EranKlein,DanaVakshtein,Irina
20120301
Currently,theperformanceofoverlaymetrologyisevaluatedmainlybasedonrandomerrorcontributions
suchasprecisionandTISvariability.Withtheexpectedshrinkageoftheoverlaymetrologybudgetto<
0.5nm,itbecomescrucialtoincludealsosystematicerrorcontributionswhichaffecttheaccuracyofthe
metrology.Herewediscussfundamentalaspectsofoverlayaccuracyandamethodologytoimprove
accuracysignificantly.Weidentifyoverlaymarkimperfectionsandtheirinteractionwiththemetrology
technology,asthemainsourceofoverlayinaccuracy.Themostimportanttypeofmarkimperfectionis
markasymmetry.Overlaymarkasymmetryleadstoageometricalambiguityinthedefinitionofoverlay,
whichcanbe~1nmorless.Itisshowntheoreticallyandinsimulationsthatthemetrologymayenhancethe
effectofoverlaymarkasymmetrysignificantlyandleadtometrologyinaccuracy~10nm,muchlargerthan
thegeometricalambiguity.Theanalysisiscarriedoutfortwodifferentoverlaymetrologytechnologies:
ImagingoverlayandDBO(1storderdiffractionbasedoverlay).Itisdemonstratedthatthesensitivityof
DBOtooverlaymarkasymmetryislargerthanthesensitivityofimagingoverlay.Finally,weshowthata
recentlydevelopedmeasurementqualitymetricservesasavaluabletoolforimprovingoverlaymetrology
accuracy.Simulationresultsdemonstratethattheaccuracyofimagingoverlaycanbeimprovedsignificantly
byrecipesetupoptimizedusingthequalitymetric.Weconcludethatimagingoverlaymetrology,
complementedbyappropriateuseofmeasurementqualitymetric,resultsinoptimaloverlayaccuracy.
66.AnoverviewoftheweldingofNi{sub3}AlandFe{sub3}Alalloys
Santella,M.L.
19961231
Weldability(degreetowhichdefectformationisresistedwhenanalloyiswelded)isanissueinfabrication
ofNi{sub3}AlandFe{sub3}Al.WorktodefineandimproveweldingofNi{sub3}AlandFe{sub3}Alalloysis
reviewedandprogressillustratedbyexamplesofcurrentactivities.ThecastNi{sub3}Alalloyscurrently
underdevelopment,IC221MandIC396M,havelowresistancetosolidificationcrackingandhencedifficult
toweld.Modificationstothecompositionofbothbasealloysandwelddeposits,however,increasetheir
resistancetocracking.Crackfree,fullpenetrationweldsweremadeincentrifugallycasttubesofIC221M.
Tensileandstressrupturepropertiesoftheweldmentscomparefavorablywithbasemetalproperties.
WeldabilityissueshavelimitedtheuseofFe{sub3}Alalloystoweldoverlayapplications.Fillermetal
compositionssuitableforweldoverlaycladdingweredeveloped,andthepreheatandpostweldheat
treatmentneededtoavoidcracking,weredeterminedexperimentally.
67.TechnicalLetterReportAssessmentofUltrasonicPhasedArrayTestingforCastAusteniticStainlessSteel
PressurizerSurgeLinePipingWeldsandThickSectionPrimarySystemCastPipingWeldsJCNN6398,
Task2A(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/1023212)
Diaz,AaronA.Denslow,KayteM.Cinson,AnthonyD.Morra,MarinoCrawford,SusanL.Prowant,
MatthewS.Cumblidge,StephenE.Anderson,MichaelT.
20080721
ResearchisbeingconductedfortheNRCatPNNLtoassesstheeffectivenessandreliabilityofadvanced
NDEmethodsfortheinspectionofLWRcomponents.Thescopeofthisresearchencompassesprimary
systempressureboundarymaterialsincludingcastausteniticstainlesssteels(CASS),dissimilarmetal
welds(DMWs),pipingwithcorrosionresistantcladding,weldoverlays,andfarsideexaminationsof
austeniticpipingwelds.AprimaryobjectiveofthisworkistoevaluatevariousNDEmethodstoassesstheir
abilitytodetect,localize,andsizecracksincoarsegrainedsteelcomponents.Thisinterimtechnicalletter
report(TLR)providesasynopsisofrecentinvestigationsatPNNLaimedatevaluatingthecapabilitiesof
phasedarray(PA)ultrasonictesting(UT)methodsasappliedtotheinspectionofCASSweldsinnuclear
reactorpiping.Adescriptionofprogress,recentdevelopmentsandinterimresultsareprovided.
68.Welding.(http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED112002.pdf)
Cowan,EarlAndOthers
Thecurriculumguideforweldinginstructioncontains16unitspresentedinsixsections.Eachunitisdivided
intothefollowingareas,eachofwhichiscolorcoded:terminalobjectives,specificobjectives,suggested
activities,andinstructionalmaterialsinformationsheettransparencymastersassignmentsheettestand
testanswers.The
69.Welding.(http://eric.ed.gov/?q=tungsten&pg=5&id=ED287033)
Baldwin,HaroldWhitney,Gregory
Thiscurriculumguideisintendedtoassistvocationalinstructorsinpreparingstudentsforentrylevel
employmentasweldersandpreparingthemforadvancedtrainingintheworkplace.Thepackagecontains
anoverviewofnewandemergingweldingtechnologies,acompetency/skillandtasklist,aninstructor's
guide,andanannotatedbibliography.
70.Degradationofmechanicalpropertiesofstainlesssteelcladdingduetoneutronirradiationandthermal
aging(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/10183357)
Haggag,F.M.
19940901
Thermalagingofthreewireseriesarcstainlesssteelweldoverlaycladdingat288{degrees}Cfor1605h
resultedinanappreciabledecrease(16%)intheCharpyVnotch(CVN)uppershelfenergy(USE),butthe
effectonthe41Jtransitiontemperatureshiftwasverysmall(3{degrees}C).Thecombinedeffectfollowing
neutronirradiationat288{degrees}Ctoafluenceof5X10{sup19}neutrons/cm{sup2}(>1MeV)wasa
22%reductionintheUSEanda29{degrees}Cshiftinthe41Jtransitiontemperature.Theeffectofthermal
agingontensilepropertieswasverysmall.However,thecombinedeffectofirradiationandagingwasan
increaseintheyieldstrength(6to34%attesttemperaturesfrom288to125{degrees}C)andnoapparent
changeinultimatetensilestrengthortotalelongation.Neutronirradiationreducedtheinitiationfracture
toughness(J{sub{kappa}})muchmorethandidthermalagingalone.However,irradiationslightly
decreasedthetearingmodulusbutnoreductionwascausedbythermalagingalone.Theeffectsoflong
termthermalexposuretimes(20,000and50,000h)willbeinvestigatedwhenthespecimensbecome
available.Also,longtermthermalexposureofthethreewirecladdingaswellastype308stainlesssteel
weldmaterialsat343{degrees}Cisinprogress.
71.CladdingAlloysforFluorideSaltCompatibility(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/1018616)
Muralidharan,GovindarajanWilson,DaneFWalker,LarryRSantella,MichaelLHolcomb,DavidEugene
20110601
Thisreportprovidesanoverviewofseveralcandidatetechnologiesforcladdingnickelbasedcorrosion
protectionlayersontohightemperaturestructuralalloys.Thereportalsoprovidesabriefoverviewofthe
weldingandweldperformanceissuesassociatedwithjoiningnickelcladnickelbasedalloys.Fromthe
availabletechniques,twocladdingtechnologieswereselectedforinitialevaluation.Thefirsttechniqueisa
lineofsightmethodthatwouldbeusefulforcladdinglargestructuressuchasvesselinteriorsorlarge
piping.Thelineofsightmethodisalaserbasedsurfacecladdingtechniqueinwhichahighpuritynickel
powdermixedintoapolymerbinderisfirstsprayedontothesurface,baked,andthenrapidlymeltedusing
ahighpowerlaser.Thesecondtechniqueisavaporphasetechniquebasedonthenickelcarbonyl
processthatissuitableforcladdinginaccessiblesurfacessuchastheinteriorsurfacesofheatexchangers.
Aninitialevaluationforperformedonthequalityofnickelcladdingsprocessedusingthetwoselected
claddingtechniques.
72.ElectroslagStripCladdingofSteamGeneratorsWithAlloy690(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/20995429)
Consonni,M.Maggioni,F.Brioschi,F.
20060701
Thepresentpaperdetailstheresultsofelectroslagcladdingandtubetotubesheetweldingqualification
testsconductedbyAnsaldoCamozziESCwithAlloy690(Alloy52fillermetal)onsteelfornuclearpower
stations'steamgeneratorsshell,tubesheetandheadthepossibilityofsubmergedarccladdingonfirst
layerwasalsoconsidered.Testresults,intermsofchemicalanalysis,mechanicalpropertiesand
microstructurearereproducibleandconfidentlyapplicabletoproductioncladdingandshowthatelectroslag
processcanbeusedforAlloy52claddingwithexceptionallystableandregularoperationandhigh
productivity.Theapplicationofsubmergedarccladdingprocesstothefirstlayerleadstoahigherbase
metaldilution,whichshouldbeavoided.Moreover,thoughtheheataffectedzoneisdeeperwithelectroslag
cladding,inbothcasesnocoarsenedgrainzoneisfoundduetorecrystallizationeffectofsecondcladding
layer.Finally,theapplicationofelectroslagprocesstocladdingofAlloy52withmodifiedchemical
composition,wasprovedtobehighlybeneficialasitstronglyreduceshotcrackingsensitivity,whichis
typicalofsubmergedarccladdedAlloy52,bothduringtubetotubesheetweldingandfirstrewelding.
(authors)
73.Newholographicoverlays(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991SPIE.1509...26H)
Hopwood,AnthonyI.
19911001
Thispaperdiscussesanewtypeofholographicoverlay,FLASHPRINT,whichmaybeusedinbothsecurity
andpackagingapplications.Unlikethemorecommonembossedhologramscurrentlyused,FLASHPRINT
leadstoreducedsetupcostsandoffersasimplerprocess.Thisreducesthelongleadtimescharacteristic
oftheexistingtechnologyandrequiresthecustomertoprovideonlytwodimensionalartwork.Theoverlay
materialcontainsacovert2Dimage.Theimagemaybeswitchedonoroffbysimplytiltingtheoverlayina
lightsource.Theoverlayisreplayedinthe'on'positiontorevealtheencodedsecuritymessageasahighly
saturatedgoldcoloredimage.Thiseffectisoperableforawiderangeoflightingconditionsandviewing
geometries.Inthe'off'positiontheoverlayissubstantiallytransparent.Thesefeaturesmakethevisual
effectoftheoverlayattractivetoincorporateintoproductdesign.Theymaybelaminatedovercomplex
printedartworksuchaslabelsandsecuritypasseswithoutmaskingtheprintedmessage.Whenswitched
'on'theimageappearsbothsharpandmorethanseventimesbrighterthanwhitepaper.Theimage
remainssharpandcleareveninlessfavorablelightingconditions.Althoughthetechniqueoffersalowset
upcostforthecustomer,throughitssimplicity,itremainsastechnicallydemandinganddifficultto
counterfeitasanyholographicprocess.
74.Asafetyevaluationforoverlaydisbondingofhightemperatureandpressurevessels
Horita,RyuichiNakajimaHiroyukiTanaka,KazunoriMurakami,ShunzoFujii,Tadaomi
19951101
Hydrogeninduceddisbondingtest(autoclavetest)ofstainlessweldoverlaid21/4Cr1Moand21/4Cr
1Mo1/4Vsteel,andthecalculationsofresidualhydrogencontentsatthefusionboundaryinthespecimens
andactualvessels,wereperformed.Theeffectsofmicrostructureofweldoverlaynearthefusionboundary
andpostweldheattreatmentondisbondingresistancewereclarified,andcriticalhydrogencontentvalues
inweldoverlaytopreventdisbondingwereobtained.Asimpleevaluationmethodfordisbondinginactual
vesselsusingTemperingParameterwasestablished.
75.Phasetransformationsatsteel/IN626cladinterfaces(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989MTA....20..665A)
Ayer,RaghavanMueller,R.R.Leta,D.P.Sisak,W.J.
19890401
Themicrostructuresof4130and2.25Cr1MosteelscladtonickelbaseIN625byweldingandHIPingwere
examinedbyAnalyticalElectronMicroscopy(AEM)andSecondaryIonMassSpectroscopy(SIMS)to
determinetheinterfacialmicrostructuralcharacteristicswhichcouldaffecttheirmechanicalpropertiesand
corrosionresistance.Theinterfacemicrostructuresofthecladsproducedbythetwomethodswere
considerablydifferent.Thecladproducedbyweldingwascharacterizedbyalowdensityofcarbide
precipitatesconfinedtoaverynarrowregion(1m)attheinterfaceofferriteandaustenite.In
addition,athinregionofuntemperedmartensitewaspresentattheinterfacewhichcouldaffectits
resistancetohydrogenembrittlementaswellasothermechanicalproperties.TheinterfaceoftheHIPclad
compositecontainedseveralregionsofdistinctmicrostructuralcharacteristicswithwidelyvaryingdensities
ofcarbideprecipitates.Relativetothecladproducedbywelding,extensiveprecipitationwasobservedboth
inthesteelandintheIN625attheinterface,separatedbyaregionfreefromprecipitation.Theextentof
precipitationattheinterfaceregionsappearstobecontrolledessentiallybytheextentofcarbontransport
acrosstheinterface.Thearticledescribesthedetailedanalysisoftheinterfacecharacteristics,andmodels
areproposedtoexplainthemicrostructuralevolutionattheinterfaceoftheHIPandweldcladcomposites.
76.MultileveloverlaytechniquesforimprovingDPLoverlaycontrol
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SPIE.8324E..2AC)
Chen,CharliePai,Y.C.Yu,DennisPang,PeterYu,ChunChiWu,Robert(HsingChien)Huang,Eros
(ChienJen)Chen,Marson(ChiunChieh)Tien,DavidChoi,Dongsub
20120301
Overlaycontinuestobeoneofthekeychallengesforlithographyinsemiconductormanufacturing,
especiallyinlightoftheacceleratedpaceofdevicenodeshrinks.Thisrealitywillbeespeciallyevidentat
20nmnodewhereDPLandmultilayeroverlaywillrequire4nmorlessinoverlaycontrolacrossmany
criticallayersinordertomeetdeviceyieldentitlements.Themotivationforthispaperisbasedonimproving
DPLoverlaycontrolinfaceofthehighcomplexityinvolvedwithmultilayeroverlayrequirements.For
example,theDPL2ndlitholayerwillneedtoachievetightregistrationwiththeDPL1stlitholayer,andat
thesametime,itwillneedtoachievetightoverlaytothereferencelitholayer,whichinsomecasescan
alsobeaDPLlayer.Ofcourse,multileveloverlaymeasurementsarenotnew,butthecombinationof
increasedcomplexityofmultiDPLlayersandextremelychallengingoverlayspecificationsfor20nmnode
togetherwillnecessitateabetterunderstandingofmultileveloverlaycontrol,specificallyintermsofroot
causeanalysisofmultilayerrelatedoverlayerrorsandappropriatetechniquesforimprovementInthis
paper,westartwiththeidentificationofspecificoverlayerrorscausedbymultilayerDPLprocessingonfull
filmstackproductwafers.Aftervalidationofthesefindingswithinterlotandintralotcontrolledexperiments,
weinvestigatedifferentadvancedcontroltechniquestodeterminehowtooptimizeoverlaycontroland
minimizebothintralotandinterlotsourcesoferror.Anewapproachtooverlaydataanalysiswillalsobe
introducedthatcombinesempiricaldatawithtargetimagequalitydatatomoreaccuratelydetermineand
betterexplaintherootcauseerrormechanismaswellasprovideeffectivestrategiesforimprovedoverlay
control.
77.FunctionalOverlay:AnIllegitimateDiagnosis?(https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?
tool=pmcentrez&artid=1238729)
PubMedCentral(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc)
Bromberg,Walter
19790101
Functionaloverlayisnotarecognizedpsychiatricdiagnosis.Evaluatingfunctionaloverlayand
differentiatingbetweenthisconceptandorganicconditionsisimportantinmedicolegalareasinwhich
financialvaluesareplacedonpainanddisability.Functionaloverlayisnotmalingering:theformerisbased
onpreconsciousorunconsciousmechanisms,thelatterisconsciouslyinduced.Inconsideringpsychologic
reactionstopainanddisability,agradientofsimulation,malingering,symptomexaggeration,overvaluation,
functionaloverlayandhysteriaisuseful.Thedynamicsofoverlayareacombinationofanxietyfrombody
imagedistortionanddepressionfromdecreasedefficiencyofthebody,aswellastheresulting
psychosocialdisruptioninapatient'slife.PMID:516698
78.Maskregistrationandwaferoverlay(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010SPIE.7638E..2IL)
Lee,ChulseungBang,ChangjinKim,MyoungsooKang,HyosangLee,DohwaJeong,WoonjaeLim,
OkSungYoon,SeunghoonJung,JaekangLaske,FrankParisoli,LidiaRoeth,KlausDieterRobinson,
JohnC.Jug,SvenIzikson,PavelDinu,BertaWidmann,AmirChoi,DongSub
20100301
Overlaycontinuestobeoneofthekeychallengesforlithographyinadvancedsemiconductor
manufacturing.Itbecomesevenmorechallengingduetothecontinuedshrinkingofthedevicenode.Some
lowk1techniques,suchasDoubleExposureandDoublePatterningalsoaddadditionallossoftheoverlay
marginduetothefactthatthesinglelayerpatterniscreatedbasedonmorethan1exposure.Therefore,
theoverlaybetween2exposuresrequiresverytightoverlayspecification.Maskregistrationisoneofthe
majorcontributorstowaferoverlay,especiallyfieldrelatedoverlay.Weinvestigatedmaskregistrationand
waferoverlaybycoanalyzingthemaskdataandthewaferoverlaydata.Toachievetheaccuratecohesive
results,weintroducedthecombinedmetrologymarkwhichcanbeusedforbothmaskregistration
measurementaswellasforwaferoverlaymeasurement.Coincidenceofbothmetrologymarksmakeit
possibletosubtractmasksignaturefromwaferoverlaywithoutcompromisingtheaccuracyduetothe
physicaldistancebetweenmeasurementmarks,ifweuse2differentmarksforbothmetrologies.
Therefore,itispossibletoextractpurescannerrelatedsignatures,andtoanalyzethescannerrelated
signaturesindetailstoinordertoenablerootcauseanalysisandultimatelydrivehigherwaferyield.We
determinedtheexactmaskregistrationerrorinordertodecomposewaferoverlayintomask,scanner,
processandmetrology.Wealsostudiedtheimpactofpelliclemountingbycomparisonofmaskregistration
measurementprepelliclemountingandpostpelliclemountinginthisinvestigation.
79.Accuracyinopticaloverlaymetrology(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9778E..1HB)
Bringoltz,BarakMarciano,TalYaziv,TalDeLeeuw,YaronKlein,DanaFeler,YoelAdam,IdoGurevich,
EvgeniSella,NogaLindenfeld,Ze'evLeviant,TomSaltoun,LilachAshwal,EltsafonAlumot,Dror
Lamhot,YuvalGao,XindongManka,JamesChen,BryanWagner,Mark
20160301
Inthispaperwediscussthemechanismbywhichprocessvariationsdeterminetheoverlayaccuracyof
opticalmetrology.Westartbyfocusingonscatterometry,andshowingthattheunderlyingphysicsofthis
mechanisminvolvesinterferenceeffectsbetweencavitymodesthattravelbetweentheupperandlower
gratingsinthescatterometrytarget.Adirectresultisthebehaviorofaccuracyasafunctionofwavelength,
andtheexistenceofrelativelywelldefinedspectralregimesinwhichtheoverlayaccuracyandprocess
robustnessdegrades(`resonantregimes').Theseresonancesareseparatedbywavelengthregionsin
whichtheoverlayaccuracyisbetterandindependentofwavelength(wetermthese`flatregions').The
combinationofflatandresonantregionsformsaspectralsignaturewhichisuniquetoeachoverlay
alignmentandcarriescertainuniversalfeatureswithrespecttodifferenttypesofprocessvariations.We
termthissignaturethe`landscape',anddiscussitsuniversality.Next,weshowhowtocharacterizeoverlay
performancewithafinitesetofmetricsthatareavailableonthefly,andthatarederivedfromtheangular
behaviorofthesignalandthewayitflagsresonances.Thesemetricsareusedtoguaranteetheselection
ofaccuraterecipesandtargetsforthemetrologytool,andforprocesscontrolwiththeoverlaytool.Weend
withcommentsonthesimilarityofimagingoverlaytoscatterometryoverlay,andonthewaythatpupil
overlayscatterometryandfieldoverlayscatterometrydifferfromanaccuracyperspective.
80.Criticalissuesinoverlaymetrology(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001AIPC..550..346S)
Sullivan,NealT.
20010101
Inthispaper,followinganoverviewofoverlaymetrology,thedifficultrelationshipofoverlaywithdevice
performanceandyieldisdiscussedandsupportedwithseveralexamples.Thisisfollowedbyadiscussion
oftheimpendingcollisionofmetrologyequipmentperformanceand"real"processtolerancesforsub0.18
umtechnologies.Thisconvergenceoftoleranceandperformanceisdemonstratedtoleadtothecurrent
emergenceofrealtimeoverlaymodelinginafeedforward/feedbackprocessenvironmentandthe
associatedmetrology/samplingimplications.Thismodelingtakesadvantageofthewealthofunderstanding
concerningthesystematicbehaviorofoverlayregistrationerrors.Finally,theimpactofnewprocess
technologies(RET,OAI,CPSM,CMP,&etc.)onthemeasurementtargetisdiscussedandshowntode
stabilizeoverlayperformanceonstandardoverlaymeasurementtargetdesigns.
2 3 4 5 6
3 4 5 6 7
81.Equationsfornonbondedconcreteoverlays(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgibin/nphdata_query?
bibcode=1985aewe.rept.....C&link_type=ABSTRACT)
Chou,Y.T.
19850901
ThenatureofthedesignequationsforthenonbondedconcreteoverlayscurrentlyusedbytheUSArmy
CorpsofEngineerswasexaminedandtheoriginalsourceoftheequationwasalsoexamined.Usingsimple
mechanics,newoverlayequationsweredevelopedwhicharesuitablefordifferentthicknessesandelastic
propertiesintheoverlayandbaseconcreteslabs.Thedifferenceinthecomputedoverlaythickness
betweenthenewandexistingequationsisnotlargewhentheoverlaythicknessisequaltoorgreaterthan
thebaseslab.Thedifferencecanbecomeexcessivewhentheoverlaythicknessismuchlessthanthatof
thebaseslab.Thenewequationswerecomparedwiththefiniteelementcomputerprogramforconcrete
overlayswithvariouscombinationsofslabthickness,elasticproperty,andsubgrademodulus.The
comparisonswereveryfavorable,indicatingthattheoverlayequationsdevelopedinthisreportare
analyticallycorrect.Itwasdifficulttojudgewhetherthenewequationsaresuperiortotheexistingequation.
Thisconclusionwasexpectedbecauseforalltheseventestsectionsanalyzed,theoverlaythicknesses
wereeitherequaltoorgreaterthanthoseofthebaseslabs.
82.Weldingtritiumexposedstainlesssteel(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/10194967)
Kanne,W.R.Jr.
19941101
Stainlesssteelsthatareexposedtotritiumbecomeunweldablebyconventionalmethodsduetobuildupof
decayheliumwithinthemetalmatrix.Withlongerservicelivesexpectedfortritiumcontainmentsystems,
methodsforweldingontritiumexposedmaterialwillbecomeimportantforrepairormodificationofthe
systems.Solidstateresistanceweldingandlowpenetrationoverlayweldinghavebeenshowntomitigate
heliumembrittlementcrackingintritiumexposed304stainlesssteel.Theseprocessescanalsobeusedon
stainlesssteelcontainingheliumfromneutronirradiation,suchasoccursinnuclearreactors.
83.UpgradedHFIRFuelElementWeldingSystem(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/972312)
Sease,JohnD
20100201
Theweldingofaluminumcladfuelplatesintoaluminumalloy6061sideplatetubingisauniquedesign
featureoftheHighFluxIsotopeReactor(HFIR)fuelassembliesas101fullpenetrationcircumferentialgas
metalarcwelds(GMAW)arerequiredinthefabricationofeachassembly.InaHFIRfuelassembly,540
aluminumcladfuelplatesareassembledintotwonestedannularfuelelements610mm(24inches)long.
TheweldingprocessfortheHFIRfuelelementswasdevelopedintheearly1960sandabout450HFIR
fuelassemblieshavebeensuccessfullyweldedusingtheGMAWprocessqualifiedinthe1960s.Inrecent
yearsbecauseofthedegradationoftheelectronicandmechanicalcomponentsintheoldHFIRwelding
system,reportabledefectsinplateattachmentoradapterweldshavebeenpresentinalmostallcompleted
fuelassemblies.InOctober2008,acontractwasawardedtoAMET,Inc.,ofRexburg,Idaho,toreplacethe
oldweldingequipmentwithstandardcommerciallyavailableweldingcomponentstothemaximumextent
possiblewhilemaintainingthequalifiedHFIRweldingprocess.TheupgradedHFIRweldingsystem
representsamajorimprovementintheweldingsystemusedinweldingHFIRfuelelementsfortheprevious
40years.Inthisupgrade,thenewinnerGMAWtorchisasignificantadvancementovertheoriginalinner
GMAWtorchpreviouslyused.Theinnovativebreakthroughinthenewinnerweldingtorchdesignistheway
thedirectionofthecastinthe0.762mm(0.030inch)diameteraluminumweldwireischangedsothatthe
weldwireemergingfromthecontacttipisstraightintheplaneperpendiculartotheweldingdirection
withoutcreatinganysignificantdragresistanceinthefeedingoftheweldwire.
84.Ferrousalloymetallurgyliquidlithiumcorrosionandwelding.Progressreport,January1December31,
Olson,D.L.Matlock,D.K.
19800101
Fatiguecrackgrowthhasbeenusedtoevaluatetheinteractionbetweenliquidlithiumandanimposed
stress.Fatiguecrackgrowthdataontype304Lstainlesssteelat700Cand21/4Cr1Mosteelbetween500
and700Cshowthatforallimposedtestconditions(i.e.frequency,temperature,andnitrogencontentinthe
lithium)theinteractionoflithiumwiththestrainatthecracktipresultsinenhancedcrackgrowthrates.The
enhancedgrowthratesresultfromtheeffectsofeitherenhancedgrainboundarypenetrationorachange
incrackpropagationmechanismduetoliquidmetalembrittlement.Augerspectroscopyofgrainboundary
penetratedspecimenshowsthatalithiumoxygencompoundformsatthegrainboundary.Moessbauer
evaluationsoftheferritelayerofcorrodedtype304stainlesssteelarebeingusedtodevelopamodelfor
weightlossinliquidlithium.Theweldingresearchinprogressisdirectedtocharacterizetheinfluenceof
variationsoftheausteniticweldmetalcompositiononthemicrostructuralandmechanicalpropertiesof
dissimilarmetalweldments.Weldmentsof21/4Cr1Mosteelto316stainlesssteelhavebeeninvestigated
forfusionmicrostructure,thermalexpansionimpactstrengthandcharacterizationofspecificlongtimein
servicefailures.Modificationofweldmetalmicrostructuresbymicroalloyadditionsisbeinginvestigatedas
aconcepttoimproveweldmetalproperties.Thebehaviorofastripelectrodeinagasmetalarcisbeing
investigatedtodeterminethefeasibilityofgasmetalarcweldstripoverlaycladding.
85.Displacedelectrodeprocessforwelding(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/4124450)
Heichel,L.J.
19750826
Amethodisdescribedforthebuttweldingofarelativelyheavymasstoarelativelysmallmasssuchasa
thinwalltube.Inbuttweldingheatisnormallyappliedatthejointbetweenthetwopieceswhicharebutt
weldedtogether.Theapplicationofheatatthejointresultsinoverheatingthetubewhichcausesthinningof
thetubewallsandporosityinthetubematerial.Thisiseliminatedbydisplacingtheweldingelectrodeaway
fromtheseamtowardtheheaviermasssothatheatisappliedtotheheavymassandnotatthebuttseam.
Examplesoftheparametersusedinweldingfuelrodsaregiven.Thecladdingandendplugsweremadeof
Zircalloy.Theelectrodeusedwasof2percentthoriatedtungsten.(auth)
86.CladdingAlloysforFluorideSaltCompatibilityFinalReport
Muralidharan,GovindarajanWilson,DaneFSantella,MichaelLHolcomb,DavidEugene
20110501
Thisinterimreportprovidesanoverviewofseveralcandidatetechnologiesforcladdingnickelbased
corrosionprotectionlayersontohightemperaturestructuralalloys.Thereportalsoprovidesabrief
overviewoftheweldingandweldperformanceissuesassociatedwithjoiningnickelcladnickelbased
alloys.Fromtheavailabletechniques,twocladdingtechnologieswereselectedforinitialevaluation.The
firsttechniqueisalineofsightmethodthatwouldbeusefulforcoatinglargestructuressuchasvessel
interiorsorlargepiping.Thelineofsightmethodisalaserbasedsurfacecladdingtechniqueinwhicha
highpuritynickelpowdermixedintoapolymerbinderisfirstsprayedontothesurface,baked,andthen
rapidlymeltedusingahighpowerlaser.Thesecondtechniqueisavaporphasetechniquebasedonthe
nickelcarbonylprocessthatissuitableforcoatinginaccessiblesurfacessuchastheinteriorsurfacesof
heatexchangers.Thefinalprojectreportwillfeatureanexperimentalevaluationoftheperformanceofthe
twoselectedcladdingtechniques.
87.Intermetallicalloyweldingwiresandmethodforfabricatingthesame
Santella,MichaelL.Sikka,VinodK.
19960101
Weldingwiresforweldingtogetherintermetallicalloysofnickelaluminides,nickelironaluminides,iron
aluminides,ortitaniumaluminides,andpreferablyincludingadditionalalloyingconstituentsarefabricated
astwocomponent,cladstructuresinwhichonecomponentcontainstheprimaryalloyingconstituent(s)
exceptforaluminumandtheothercomponentcontainsthealuminumconstituent.Thistwocomponent
approachforfabricatingtheweldingwireovercomesthedifficultiesassociatedwithmechanicallyforming
weldingwiresfromintermetallicalloyswhichpossesshighstrengthandlimitedductilitiesatelevated
temperaturesnormallyemployedinconventionalmetalworkingprocesses.Thecompositionoftheclad
weldingwiresisreadilytailoredsothattheweldingwirecompositionwhenmeltedwillformanalloydefined
bythewelddepositwhichsubstantiallycorrespondstothecompositionoftheintermetallicalloybeing
joined.
88.Intermetallicalloyweldingwiresandmethodforfabricatingthesame
Santella,M.L.Sikka,V.K.
19960611
Weldingwiresforweldingtogetherintermetallicalloysofnickelaluminides,nickelironaluminides,iron
aluminides,ortitaniumaluminides,andpreferablyincludingadditionalalloyingconstituentsarefabricated
astwocomponent,cladstructuresinwhichonecomponentcontainstheprimaryalloyingconstituent(s)
exceptforaluminumandtheothercomponentcontainsthealuminumconstituent.Thistwocomponent
approachforfabricatingtheweldingwireovercomesthedifficultiesassociatedwithmechanicallyforming
weldingwiresfromintermetallicalloyswhichpossesshighstrengthandlimitedductilitiesatelevated
temperaturesnormallyemployedinconventionalmetalworkingprocesses.Thecompositionoftheclad
weldingwiresisreadilytailoredsothattheweldingwirecompositionwhenmeltedwillformanalloydefined
bythewelddepositwhichsubstantiallycorrespondstothecompositionoftheintermetallicalloybeing
joined.4figs.
89.Newanalyticalalgorithmforoverlayaccuracy(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SPIE.8324E..0AH)
Ham,BooHyunYun,SanghoKwak,MinCheolHa,SoonMokKim,CheolHongNam,SukWoo
20120301
Theextensionofopticallithographyto2Xnmandbeyondisoftenchallengedbyoverlaycontrol.With
reducedoverlaymeasurementerrorbudgetinthesubnmrange,conventionalTotalMeasurement
Uncertainty(TMU)dataisnolongersufficient.Alsothereisnosufficientcriterioninoverlayaccuracy.In
recentyears,numerousauthorshavereportednewmethodoftheaccuracyoftheoverlaymetrology:
Throughfocusandthroughcolor.Stillquantifyinguncertaintyinoverlaymeasurementismostdifficultwork
inoverlaymetrology.AccordingtotheITRSroadmap,totaloverlaybudgetisgettingtighterthanformer
devicenodeasadesignruleshrinkoneachdevicenode.Conventionally,thetotaloverlaybudgetis
definedasthesquarerootofsquaresumofthefollowingcontributions:thescanneroverlayperformance,
waferprocess,metrologyandmaskregistration.Allcomponentshavebeensupplyingsufficiently
performancetooltoeachdevicenodes,deliveringnewscanner,newmetrologytools,andnewmaske
beamwriters.Especiallythescanneroverlayperformancewasdrasticallydecreasedfrom9nmin8xnode
to2.5nmin3xnode.Thescanneroverlayseemstoreachthelimitationtheoverlayperformanceafter3x
nod.Theimportanceofthewaferprocessoverlayasacontributionoftotalwaferoverlaybecamemore
important.Infact,thewaferprocessoverlaywasdecreasedby3nmbetweenDRAM8xnodeandDRAM3x
node.Wedevelopananalyticalalgorithmforoverlayaccuracy.Andaconceptofnondestructivemethodis
proposedinthispaper.Foronproductlayerwediscoveredthelayerhasoverlayinaccuracy.Alsoweuse
findoutsourceoftheoverlayerrorthoughthenewtechnique.Inthispaper,authorssuggestananalytical
algorithmforoverlayaccuracy.Andaconceptofnondestructivemethodisproposedinthispaper.Foron
productlayers,wediscoveredithasoverlayinaccuracy.Alsoweusefindoutsourceoftheoverlayerror
thoughthenewtechnique.Furthermore
90.InitialCladdingCondition(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/850426)
E.Siegmann
20000822
ThepurposeofthisanalysisistodescribetheconditionofcommercialZircaloycladfuelasitisreceivedat
theYuccaMountainProject(YMP)site.MostcommercialnuclearfuelisencasedinZircaloycladding.This
analysisisdevelopedtodescribecladdingdegradationfromtheexpectedfailuremodes.Thisincludes
reactoroperationimpactsincludingincipientfailures,potentialdegradationafterreactoroperationduring
spentfuelstorageinpoolanddrystorageandimpactsduetotransportation.Degradationmodesinclude
claddingcreep,anddelayedhydridecrackingduringdrystorageandtransportation.Mechanicalstresses
fromfuelhandlingandtransportationvibrationsarealsoincluded.ThisAnalysisandModelReport(AMR)
doesnotaddressanypotentialdamagetoassembliesthatmightoccurattheYMPsurfacefacilities.
Rangesanduncertaintieshavebeendefined.Thisanalysiswillbetheinitialboundaryconditionforthe
analysisofcladdingdegradationinsidetherepository.InaccordancewithAP2.13Q,''TechnicalProduct
DevelopmentPlanning'',aworkplan(CRWMSM&O2000c)wasdeveloped,issued,andutilizedinthe
preparationofthisdocument.Thereareconstraints,caveatsandlimitationstothisanalysis.Thiscladding
degradationanalysisisbasedoncommercialPressurizedWaterReactor(PWR)fuelwithZircaloycladding
butisapplicabletoBoilingWaterReactor(BWR)fuel.ReactoroperatingexperienceforbothPWRsand
BWRsisusedtoestablishfuelreliabilityfromreactoroperation.Itislimitedtofuelexposedtonormal
operationandanticipatedoperationaloccurrences(i.e.eventswhichareanticipatedtooccurwithina
reactorlifetime),andnottofuelthathasbeenexposedtosevereaccidents.Fuelburnupprojectionshave
beenlimitedtothecurrentcommercialreactorlicensingenvironmentwithrestrictionsonfuelenrichment,
oxidecoatingthicknessandrodplenumpressures.Theinformationprovidedinthisanalysiswillbeusedin
91.32nmoverlayimprovementcapabilities(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008SPIE.6924E..4CE)
Eichelberger,BradHuang,KevinO'Brien,KellyTien,DavidTsai,FrankMinvielle,AnnaSingh,Lovejeet
Schefske,Jeffrey
20080301
Theindustryisfacingamajorchallengelookingforwardonthetechnologyroadmapwithrespecttooverlay
control.ImmersionlithographyhasestablisheditselfasthePORfor45nmandforthenextfewnodes.As
thegapclosesbetweenscannercapabilityanddevicerequirementsnewmethodologiesneedtobetaken
intoconsideration.Doublepatterninglithographyisanapproachthat'sbeingconsideredfor32andbelow,
butitcreatesverystrictdemandsforoverlayperformance.Thefactthatasinglelayerdevicewillneedto
bepatternedusingtwosequentialsingleprocessescreatesastrongcouplingbetweenthe1stand2nd
exposure.Thecouplingeffectduringthedoublepatterningprocessresultsinextremelytighttolerancesfor
overlayerrorandscannercapabilities.Thepurposeofthispaperistoexploreanewmodelingmethodto
improvelithographyperformanceforthe32nmnode.Notnecessarilyuniquefordoublepatterning,butasa
generalapproachtoimproveoverlayperformanceregardlessofwhichpatterningprocessisimplemented.
Wewillachievethisbyperforminganindepthsourceofvarianceanalysisofcurrentscannerperformance
andprojecttheanticipatedimprovementsfromournewmodelingapproach.Sincethenewmodeling
approachwillinvolve2ndand3rdordercorrectionswewillalsoprovideandanalysisthatoutlinescurrent
metrologycapabilitiesandsamplingoptimizationstofurtherexpandtheopportunitiesofanefficient
implementationofsuchapproach.
92.Claddingmaterial,tubeincludingsuchcladdingmaterialandmethodsofformingthesame
Garnier,JohnE.Griffith,GeorgeW.
20160301
Amultilayeredcladdingmaterialincludingaceramicmatrixcompositeandametallicmaterial,andatube
formedfromthecladdingmaterial.Themetallicmaterialformsaninnerlinerofthetubeandenables
hermeticsealingofthereof.Themetallicmaterialatendsofthetubemaybeexposedandhavean
increasedthicknessenablingendcapwelding.Themetallicmaterialmay,optionally,beformedtoinfiltrate
voidsintheceramicmatrixcomposite,theceramicmatrixcompositeencapsulatedbythemetallicmaterial.
Theceramicmatrixcompositeincludesafiberreinforcementandprovidesincreasedmechanicalstrength,
stiffness,thermalshockresistanceandhightemperatureloadcapacitytothemetallicmaterialoftheinner
liner.Thetubemaybeusedasacontainmentvesselfornuclearfuelusedinanuclearpowerplantorother
reactor.Methodsforformingthetubecomprisingtheceramicmatrixcompositeandthemetallicmaterial
arealsodisclosed.
93.ExaminationofstainlesssteelcladConnecticutYankeefuelassemblyS004afterstorageinboratedwater
Langstaff,D.C.Bailey,W.J.Johnson,A.B.Jr.Landow,M.P.Pasupathi,V.Klingensmith,R.W.
19820901
AConnecticutYankeefuelassembly(S004)wastestednondestructivelyanddestructively.Itwasconcluded
thatnoobviousdegradationofthe304LstainlesssteelcladspentfuelfromassemblyS004occurred
during5yofstorageinboratedwater.Furthermore,noobviousdegradationduetothepoolenvironment
occurredon304stainlesssteelcladrodsinassembliesH07andG11,whichwerestoredforshorter
periodsbutcontainedoperationallyinducedcladdingdefects.Theseamweldsinthecladdingonfuelrods
fromassemblyS004,H07,andG11weresimilarinthattheyshowedawroughtmicrostructurewithgrains
noticeablysmallerthanthoseinthecladdingbasemetal.Theendcapweldsshowedadendriticallycored
structure,typicalofrapidlyquenchedausteniticweldmetal.Someintergranularmeltingmayhaveoccurred
intheheataffectedzone(HAZ)inthecladdingadjacenttotheendcapweldsinrodsfromassemblies
S004andH07.However,theweldareasdidnotshowevidenceofcorrosioninduceddegradation.
94.Towardsrefractiveindexsensitivityoflongperiodgratingsatleveloftensofmperrefractiveindexunit:
fibercladdingetchingandnanocoatingdeposition.(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27410112)
mietana,MateuszKoba,MarcinMikulic,PredragBock,WojtekJ
20160530
Inthisworkwereportexperimentalresultsonoptimizingtherefractiveindex(RI)sensitivityoflongperiod
gratings(LPGs)byfibercladdingetchingandthinaluminumoxide(Al2O3)overlaydeposition.The
presentedLPGtakesadvantageofworkinthedispersionturningpoint(DTP)regimeaswellasthemode
transition(MT)effectforhigherordercladdingmodes(LP09andLP010).TheMTwasobtainedby
depositingAl2O3overlayswithsinglenanometerprecisionusingtheAtomicLayerDepositionmethod
(ALD).Etchingofboththeoverlayandthefibercladdingwasperformedusinghydrofluoricacid(HF).For
shallowetchingofthecladding,i.e.,DTPobservedatnext=1.429and1.439RIUforanLPGwithno
overlay,followedbydepositionofanoverlayofupto167nminthickness,HFetchingallowedforpost
depositionfinetuningoftheoverlaythicknessresultinginasignificantincreaseinRIsensitivitymainlyat
theDTPoftheLP09claddingmode.However,atanexternalRI(next)above1.39RIU,theDTPofLP010
wasnoticed,anditsRIsensitivityexceeded9,000nm/RIU.Deeperetchingofthecladding,i.e.,DTP
observedfornextabove1.45RIU,followedbythedepositionofthickeroverlays(upto201nmin
thickness)allowedthesensitivitytoreachvaluesofover40,000nm/RIUinanarrowRIrange.Sensitivity
exceeding20,000nm/RIUwasobtainedinanRIrangesuitableforlabelfreebiosensingapplications.
PMID:27410112
95.ExplosionCladforUpstreamOilandGasEquipment(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/21513172)
Banker,JohnG.Massarello,JackPauly,Stephane
20110117
Today'supstreamoilandgasfacilitiesfrequentlyinvolvethecombinationofhighpressures,high
temperatures,andhighlycorrosiveenvironments,requiringequipmentthatisthickwall,corrosionresistant,
andcosteffective.WhensignificantconcentrationsofCO{sub2}and/orH{sub2}Sand/orchloridesare
present,corrosionresistantalloys(CRA)canbecomethematerialofchoiceforseparatorequipment,
piping,relatedcomponents,andlinepipe.Theycanprovidereliableresistancetobothcorrosionand
hydrogenembrittlement.Fortheseapplications,themorecommonlyusedCRA'sare316L,317Land
duplexstainlesssteels,alloy825andalloy625,dependentupontheapplicationandtheseverityofthe
environment.Titaniumisalsoanexceptionalchoicefromthetechnicalperspective,butislesscommonly
usedexceptforheatexchangers.Explosioncladofferssignificantsavingsbyprovidingarelativelythin
corrosionresistantalloyonthesurfacemetallurgicallybondedtoathick,lowercost,steelsubstrateforthe
pressurecontainment.Developedandindustrializedinthe1960'stheexplosioncladdingtechnologycanbe
usedforcladdingthemorecommonlyusednickelbasedandstainlesssteelCRA'saswellastitanium.It
hasmanyyearsofprovenexperienceasareliableandhighlyrobustcladmanufacturingprocess.The
uniquecoldweldingcharacteristicsofexplosioncladdingreduceproblemsofalloysensitizationand
dissimilarmetalincompatibility.Explosioncladmaterialshavebeenusedextensivelyinbothupstreamand
downstreamoil,gasandpetrochemicalfacilitiesforwellover40years.Theexplosioncladequipmenthas
demonstratedexcellentresistancetocorrosion,embrittlementanddisbonding.Factorscriticaltoinsure
reliablecladmanufactureandequipmentdesignandfabricationareaddressed.
96.ExplosionCladforUpstreamOilandGasEquipment(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AIPC.1315..935B)
Banker,JohnG.Massarello,JackPauly,Stephane
20110101
Today'supstreamoilandgasfacilitiesfrequentlyinvolvethecombinationofhighpressures,high
temperatures,andhighlycorrosiveenvironments,requiringequipmentthatisthickwall,corrosionresistant,
andcosteffective.WhensignificantconcentrationsofCO2and/orH2Sand/orchloridesarepresent,
corrosionresistantalloys(CRA)canbecomethematerialofchoiceforseparatorequipment,piping,related
components,andlinepipe.Theycanprovidereliableresistancetobothcorrosionandhydrogen
embrittlement.Fortheseapplications,themorecommonlyusedCRA'sare316L,317Landduplex
stainlesssteels,alloy825andalloy625,dependentupontheapplicationandtheseverityofthe
environment.Titaniumisalsoanexceptionalchoicefromthetechnicalperspective,butislesscommonly
usedexceptforheatexchangers.Explosioncladofferssignificantsavingsbyprovidingarelativelythin
corrosionresistantalloyonthesurfacemetallurgicallybondedtoathick,lowercost,steelsubstrateforthe
pressurecontainment.Developedandindustrializedinthe1960'stheexplosioncladdingtechnologycanbe
usedforcladdingthemorecommonlyusednickelbasedandstainlesssteelCRA'saswellastitanium.It
hasmanyyearsofprovenexperienceasareliableandhighlyrobustcladmanufacturingprocess.The
uniquecoldweldingcharacteristicsofexplosioncladdingreduceproblemsofalloysensitizationand
dissimilarmetalincompatibility.Explosioncladmaterialshavebeenusedextensivelyinbothupstreamand
downstreamoil,gasandpetrochemicalfacilitiesforwellover40years.Theexplosioncladequipmenthas
demonstratedexcellentresistancetocorrosion,embrittlementanddisbonding.Factorscriticaltoinsure
reliablecladmanufactureandequipmentdesignandfabricationareaddressed.
97.EvaluationofMolybdenumasaSurrogateforIridiumintheGPHSWeldDevelopment
Stine,AndrewMartinPierce,StanleyW.Moniz,PaulF.
20151017
Theweldingequipmentusedforweldingiridiumcontainers(clads)atLosAlamosNationalLaboratoryis
twentyfiveyearsoldandisundergoinganupgrade.Withtheupgrade,thereisarequirementfor
requalificationoftheweldingprocess,andtheopportunityforprocessimprovement.Testingofthenew
systemandrequalificationwillrequireseveralweldsoniridiumtestpartsandclads,andanyeffortsto
improvetheprocesswilladdtotheneedforiridiumparts.Theextremehighcostofiridiumimposesa
severelimitationontheextentoftestweldingthatcanbedone.The2inchdiameter,0.027inchthick,
iridiumblankdiscthatthecladcupisformedfrom,isusefulforinitialweldtrials,butitcosts$5000.The
developmentcladsetsneededforfinaltestsandrequalificationcost$15,000perset.Asolutiontoiridium
costissuewouldbetodothemajorityofthewelddevelopmentonalessexpensivesurrogatemetalwith
similarweldcharacteristics.Onesuchmetalismolybdenum.Sinceitsmeltingindex(meltingtemperaturex
thermalconductivity)isclosesttoiridium,weldsonmolybdenumshouldbesimilarinsizeforagivenweld
powerlevel.Molybdenumisinexpensiveasingle2inchmolybdenumdisccostsonly$9.Inorderto
evaluatemolybdenumasasurrogateforiridium,GTAweldswerefirstdevelopedtoprovidefullpenetration
on0.030inchthickmolybdenumdiscsatspeedsof20,25,and30inchesperminute(ipm).Theseweld
parameterswerethenrepeatedonthestandard0.027inchthickiridiumblanks.Thetopsurfaceand
bottomsurface(root)widthandgrainstructureofthemolybdenumandiridiumweldswerecompared,and
similaritieswereevidentbetweenthetwometals.Duetomaterialandthicknessdifferences,theiridium
weldswereapproximately35%widerthanthemolybdenumwelds.Areductioniniridiumweldcurrentof
35%produceweldsslightlysmallerthanthemolybdenumweldsyetshowedthatcurrentcouldbescaled
accordingtomolybdenum
98.AnoverviewoftheHSSTFullThicknessShallowCrackCladBeamTestingProgram
Keeney,J.A.Theiss,T.J.McAfee,W.J.Bass,B.R.
19940901
Atestingprogramisdescribedthatwillutilizefullthicknesscladbeamspecimenstoquantifyfracture
toughnessforshallowflawsinmaterialforwhichmetallurgicalconditionsareprototypicofthosefoundin
reactorpressurevessels(RPVs).ThebeamspecimensarefabricatedfromasectionofanRPVwallthat
includesweld,plateandcladmaterial.Metallurgicalfactorspotentiallyinfluencingfracturetoughnessfor
shallowflawsinthebeamspecimenincludematerialgradientsduetoweldingandcladdingapplications,as
wellasmaterialinhomogeneitiesinweldedregionsduetoreheatinginmultipleweldpasses.Fracture
toughnesstestsfocusingonshallowflawsinplateandweldmaterialwillalsoprovidedataforevaluatingthe
relativeinfluenceofabsoluteandnormalizedcrackdepthonconstraintconditions.Pretestfiniteelement
analysesaredescribedthatprovideneartipstressandstrainfieldsforcharacterizationofconstraintinthe
shallowcrackspecimensintermsoftheQstress.Analysisresultspredictaconstraintlossintheshallow
crackcladbeamspecimensimilartothatdeterminedforapreviouslytestedshallowcracksingleedge
notchhomogeneousbendspecimenwiththesamenormalizedcrackdepth.
99.EPRIfuelcladdingintegrityprogram(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/468644)
Yang,R.
19970101
TheobjectivesoftheEPRIfuelprogramistosupplementthefuelvendorresearchtoassurethatutility
economicandoperationalinterestsaremet.Toaccomplishsuchobjectives,EPRIhasconductedresearch
anddevelopmenteffortsto(1)reducefuelfailureratesandmitigatetheimpactoffuelfailuresonplant
operation,(2)providetechnologytoextendburnupandreducefuelcyclecost.ThescopeofR&Dincludes
fuelandcladding.Inthispaper,onlyR&Drelatedtocladdingintegritywillbecovered.Specificareasaimed
atimprovingfuelcladdingintegrityinclude:(1)FuelReliabilityDataBase(2)OperationalGuidancefor
DefectiveFuel(3)ImpactofWaterChemistryonCladdingIntegrity(4)CladdingCorrosionDataand
Model(5)CladdingMechanicalPropertiesand(6)TransientFuelCladdingResponse.
100.InterfacialCharacterizationofDissimilarJointsBetweenAl/Mg/AlTrilayeredCladSheettoHighStrength
LowAlloySteel(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JOM....67g1468M)
Macwan,A.Jiang,X.Q.Chen,D.L.
20150701
Magnesium(Mg)alloysareincreasinglyusedintheautomotiveandaerospacesectorstoreducevehicle
weight.Al/Mg/Altrilayeredcladsheetsaredeemedasapromisingalternativetoimprovethecorrosion
resistanceandformabilityofMgalloys.ThestructuralapplicationofAl/Mg/Altrilayeredcladsheets
inevitablyinvolvesweldingandjoininginthemultimaterialvehiclebodymanufacturing.Thisstudyaimedto
characterizethebondinginterfacemicrostructureoftheAl/Mg/Alcladsheettohighstrengthlowalloysteel
withandwithoutZncoatingusingultrasonicspotweldingatdifferentlevelsofweldingenergy.Itwas
observedthatthepresenceofZncoatingimprovedthebondingattheinterfaceduetotheformationofAl
Zneutecticstructureviaenhanceddiffusion.Atahigherlevelofweldingenergy,characteristicflowpatterns
ofZnintoAlcladlayerwereobservedwithanextensivepenetrationmainlyalongsomehighanglegrain
boundaries.ThedissimilarjointswithoutZncoatingmadeatahighweldingenergyof800Jfailedpartially
fromtheAl/FeweldinterfaceandpartiallyfromtheAl/Mgcladinterface,whilethejointswithZncoating
failedfromtheAl/MgcladinterfaceduetothepresenceofbrittleAl12Mg17phase.
3 4 5 6 7
4 5 6 7 8
101.Fuelpincladding(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/7010913)
Vaidyanathan,S.Adamson,M.G.
19860128
Disclosedisanimprovedfuelpincladding,particularlyadaptedforuseinbreederreactors,consistingof
compositetubingwithausteniticsteelontheouterportionofthethicknessofthetubewallandwithnickel
and/orferriticmaterialontheinnerportionofthethicknessofthetubewall.Thenickelformsasacrificial
barrierasitreactswithcertainfissionproductstherebyreducingfissionproductactivityattheaustenitic
steelinterface.Theferriticmaterialformsapreventivebarrierfortheausteniticsteelasitisimmuneto
liquidmetalembrittlement.Theimprovedcladdingpermitstheuseofhighdensityfuelwhichinturnleadsto
abetterbreedingratioinbreederreactors,andwillincreasethethresholdatwhichfailureoccursduring
temperaturetransients.2figs.
102.Fuelpincladding(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/7031241)
Vaidyanathan,S.Adamson,M.G.
19831216
Animprovedfuelpincladding,particularlyadaptedforuseinbreederreactors,isdescribedwhichconsist
ofcompositetubingwithausteniticsteelontheouterportionofthethicknessofthetubewallandwithnickel
an/orferriticmaterialontheinnerportionofthethicknessofthetubewall.Thenickelformsasacrificial
barrierasitreactswithcertainfissionproductstherebyreducingfissionproductactivityattheaustenitic
steelinterface.Theferriticmaterialformsapreventivebarrierfortheausteniticsteelasitisimmuneto
liquidmetalembrittlement.Theimprovedcladdingpermitstheuseofhighdensityfuelwhichinturnleadsto
abetterbreedingratioinbreederreactors,andwillincreasethethresholdatwhichfailureoccursduring
temperaturetransients.
103.Fuelpincladding(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/865749)
Vaidyanathan,SwaminathanAdamson,MartynG.
19860101
Animprovedfuelpincladding,particularlyadaptedforuseinbreederreactors,consistingofcomposite
tubingwithausteniticsteelontheouterportionofthethicknessofthetubewallandwithnickeland/or
ferriticmaterialontheinnerportionofthethicknessofthetubewall.Thenickelformsasacrificialbarrieras
itreactswithcertainfissionproductstherebyreducingfissionproductactivityattheausteniticsteel
interface.Theferriticmaterialformsapreventivebarrierfortheausteniticsteelasitisimmunetoliquid
metalembrittlement.Theimprovedcladdingpermitstheuseofhighdensityfuelwhichinturnleadstoa
betterbreedingratioinbreederreactors,andwillincreasethethresholdatwhichfailureoccursduring
temperaturetransients.
104.[TheStudyofCharacteristicsofCladdingReducedCoatedLongPeriodFiberGratingBasedonMode
TransitionandDualPeakResonance].(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26978942)
Lan,JinlongGu,Zhengtian
20151101
Basedoncoupledmodetheory,themodetransitionofthehighordercladdingmodesinacoatedlong
periodtibergrating(LPFG)hasbeenstudiedfirstlythemodetransitionregionandnonmodetransition
regionofhighordercladdingmodesaredivided.Theresponsecharacteristicofcladdingmodeeffective
indexwithincreasingtheoverlaythicknessisanalyzedtheshiftofresonantwavelengthinthemode
transitionregionwillbelargerthanthatinthenonmodetransitionregion.Further,thechangesofthe
resonantwavelengthofsomehighordercladdingmodeswithgratingperiodareinvestigatedwhenthe
claddingradiusaredifferent,theshiftbetweentworesonantwavelengthsofdualpeakinthemode
transitionregionisbiggerthanthatinnonmodetransitionregionwhenthecladdingradiusareuniform.
Andtheshiftbetweentworesonantwavelengthsofdualpeakwillbeincreasedbythedecreaseofthe
claddingradiusinbothmodetransitionandnonmodetransitionregions.Finally,theresponse
characteristicsoffilmrefractiveindexofcoatedLPFGareinvestigatedforahighordercladdingmodewhile
thecladdingradiusaredifferentandtheoverlaythicknessislocatedinmodetransitionregionandnon
transitionmoderegion,thentheoptimizeddesignschemeiscomeupwith.Thehighersensitivitydualpeak
sensorofcoatedLPFGthanthetraditionaldualpeaksensorwillbeobtainedwhentheoverlaythickness
andrefractiveindexislocatedinthemodetransitionregionandthegratingperiodclosetothephase
matchingturningpoints.Further,theresolutionpowerofcoatedLPFGsensorwillfurtherbeimprovedby
theappropriatereducingofthecladdingradius.
105.Contributionsregardingchemicalcompositionvariationinultrasonicfieldoverlayingwelding
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MS%26E..145g2008A)
Amza,GhPetrescu,V.Nioi,D.F.Amza,C.GhDimitrescu,A.Apostolescu,Z.
20160801
Paperpresentsanewreconditioningmethodbasedonultrasonicfieldandanalysesthemodificated
structurecompositioninthreezone:fillermaterial,thermalinfluencedzone,andbasematerial.Also,
chemicalcompositionvariationasaresultofultrasonicwaveinfluenceisstudiedbesidestheultrasonic
waveinfluenceondilutionprocess.
106.WeldingIV.(http://eric.ed.gov/?q=WElding&pg=7&id=ED194133)
AlleghenyCountyCommunityColl.,Pittsburgh,PA.
InstructionalobjectivesandperformancerequirementsareoutlinedinthiscourseguideforWeldingIV,a
competencybasedcourseinadvancedarcweldingofferedattheCommunityCollegeofAlleghenyCounty
toprovidestudentswithproficiencyin:(1)singleveegrooveweldingusingcodespecificationsestablished
bytheAmericanWeldingSociety
107.WeldingCurriculum.(http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED322361.pdf)
AlaskaStateDept.ofEducation,Juneau.Div.ofAdultandVocationalEducation.
Thiscompetencybasedcurriculumguideisahandbookforthedevelopmentofweldingtradeprograms.
BasedonasurveyofAlaskanweldingemployers,itincludesallcompetenciesastudentshouldacquirein
suchaweldingprogram.Thehandbookstressestheimportanceofunderstandingtheprinciplesassociated
withthevariouselementsofwelding.
108.Laserguidedandstabilizedgasmetalarcweldingprocesses(LGSGMA)
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013SPIE.8796E..2GH)
Hermsdorf,JrgBarroi,AlexanderKaierle,StefanOvermeyer,Ludger
20130501
Thedemandsoftheindustryarecheapandfastproductionofhighlysophisticatedpartswithout
compromisesinproductquality.Torealizethisrequirement,wehavedevelopedalaserguidedand
stabilizedgasmetalarcprocess(LGSGMAwelding).Thenewweldingprocessisbasedonagasmetal
arcprocessusinglowpowerlaserradiationforstabilization.Thelaserstabilizationofgasmetalarcs
weldingisappliedtojointweldingandcladding.Withonly400Wlaserpowerandafocalspotof1.6mm
thelaserradiationismainlyinteractingwiththearcplasmainordertoguideandstabilizeit.Injointwelding
upto100%increaseinweldingspeedispossible,atequalpenetrationdepth.Theguidanceeffectalso
enablestheprocesstoweldinchallengingsituationslikedifferentsheetthicknesses.Usedforcladding,the
enhancedprocessstabilityallowslowpenetrationdepthwithdilutionsofonly3%.Coatingswithupto63
HRCwereachieved.
109.ColouredOverlaysandTheirBenefitforReading.(http://eric.ed.gov/?q=overlay&pg=3&id=EJ624649)
Wilkins,ArnoldJ.Lewis,ElizabethSmith,FionaRowland,ElizabethTweedie,Wendy
20010101
Presentsthreestudieswherechildreninmainstreamschoolscomparedtextonwhitepaperwithidentical
textcoveredinturnbyeachof10differentlycoloredplasticoverlays.Showsconsistencywithregardtothe
proportionofchildreninmainstreameducationwhoreportbeneficialperceptualeffectswithcolored
overlaysandwhodemonstrate
110.Overlaydentures.Philosophyandpractice.II.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15535)
Taylor,RLDuckmanton,NABoyks,G
19761201
Thepracticalstagesintheconstructionofmandibularoverlaydentures,withandwithoutprecision
attachmentanchors,aredescribedandillustratedindetail.Theimportanceofpostinsertionmaintenance,
continuingeffectiveoralhygieneandpatientcare,asaprerequisiteforasuccessfuloverlaydenture
experience,isemphasized.
111.AdvancedWeldingConcepts(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100021001)
Ding,RobertJ.
20100101
FouradvancedweldingtechniquesandtheiruseinNASAarebrieflyreviewedinthisposterpresentation.
Theweldingtechniquesreviewedare:SolidStateWelding,FrictionStirWelding(FSW),ThermalStir
Welding(TSW)andUltrasonicStirWelding.
112.CFDPforInterplanetaryOverlayNetwork(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110012255)
Burleigh,ScottC.
20110101
TheCCSDS(ConsultativeCommitteeforSpaceDataSystems)FileDeliveryProtocolforInterplanetary
OverlayNetwork(CFDPION)isanimplementationofCFDPthatusesIO'sDTN(delaytolerant
networking)implementationasitsUT(unitdatatransfer)layer.BecausetheDTNprotocolseffect
automatic,reliabletransmissionviamultiplerelays,CFDPIONneedonlysatisfytherequirementsforClass
1("unacknowledged")CFDP.Thiskeepstheimplementationsmall,butwithoutlossofcapability.This
innovationminimizesprocessingresourcesbyusingzerocopyobjectsforfiledatatransmission.Itruns
withoutmodificationinVxWorks,Linux,Solaris,andOS/X.Assuch,thisinnovationcanbeusedwithout
modificationinbothflightandgroundsystems.IntegrationwithDTNenablestheCFDPimplementation
itselftobeverysimpletherefore,verysmall.UseofIONinfrastructureminimizesconsumptionofstorage
andprocessingresourceswhilemaximizingsafety.
113.Aerogelcladopticalfiber(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/871216)
Sprehn,GregoryA.Hrubesh,LawrenceW.Poco,JohnF.Sandler,PamelaH.
19970101
Anopticalfiberissurroundedbyanaerogelcladding.Foralowdensityaerogel,theindexofrefractionof
theaerogelisclosetothatofair,whichprovidesahighnumericalaperturetotheopticalfiber.Duetothe
highnumericalaperture,theaerogelcladopticalfiberhasimprovedlightcollectionefficiency.
114.Aerogelcladopticalfiber(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/555068)
Sprehn,G.A.Hrubesh,L.W.Poco,J.F.Sandler,P.H.
19971104
Anopticalfiberissurroundedbyanaerogelcladding.Foralowdensityaerogel,theindexofrefractionof
theaerogelisclosetothatofair,whichprovidesahighnumericalaperturetotheopticalfiber.Duetothe
highnumericalaperture,theaerogelcladopticalfiberhasimprovedlightcollectionefficiency.4figs.
115.Microstructureandpropertiesofpureiron/coppercompositecladdinglayersoncarbonsteel
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016IJMMM..23..920W)
Wan,LongHuang,YongxianL,ShixiongHuang,TifangL,Zongliang
20160801
Inthepresentstudy,pureiron/coppercompositemetalcladdingwasdepositedontocarbonsteelby
tungsteninertgaswelding.Thestudyfocusedoninterfacialmorphological,microstructural,andmechanical
analysesofthecompositecladdinglayers.Ironliquidsolidphasezoneswereformedatcopper/steeland
ironinterfacesbecauseofthemeltingofthesteelsubstrateandiron.Ironconcentratedinthecopper
claddinglayerwasobservedtoexhibitbelt,globule,anddendritemorphologies.Theappearanceofiron
richglobulesindicatedtheoccurrenceofliquidphaseseparation(LPS)priortosolidification,andironrich
dendritescrystallizedwithouttheoccurrenceofLPS.Themaximummicrohardnessoftheiron/steel
interfacewaslowerthanthatofthecopper/steelinterfacebecauseofthediffusionofelementalcarbon.All
samplesfracturedinthecladdinglayers.Becauseofarelativelylowerstrengthofthecopperlayer,ashort
plateauregionappearedwhenshearmovementwasfromcoppertoiron.
116.Deviceoverlaymethodforhighvolumemanufacturing
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9778E..1FL)
Lee,HonggooHan,SangjunKim,YoungsikKim,MyoungsooHeo,HoyoungJeon,SanghuckChoi,
DongSubNabeth,JeremyBrinster,IrinaPierson,BillRobinson,JohnC.
20160301
Advancingtechnologynodeswithsmallerprocessmarginsrequireimprovedphotolithographyoverlay
control.Overlaycontrolatdevelopinspection(DI)basedonopticalmetrologytargetsiswellestablishedin
semiconductormanufacturing.Advancesintargetdesignandmetrologytechnologyhaveenabled
significantimprovementsinoverlayprecisionandaccuracy.Oneapproachtorepresentindieondeviceas
etchedoverlayistomeasureatfinalinspection(FI)withascanningelectronmicroscope(SEM).
Disadvantagestothisapproachincludeinabilitytorework,limitedlayercoverageduetolackof
transparency,andhighercostofownership(CoO).Ahybridapproachisinvestigatedinthisreportwhereby
infrequentDI/FIbiasischaracterizedandtheresultsareusedtocompensatethefrequentDIoverlay
results.Thebiascharacterizationisdoneonaninfrequentbasis,eitherbasedontimeortriggeredfrom
changepoints.Onaperdeviceandperlayerbasis,theopticaltargetoverlayatDIiscomparedwithSEM
ondeviceoverlayatFI.Thebiascharacterizationresultsarevalidatedandtrackedforuseincompensating
theDIAPCcontroller.ResultsoftheDI/FIbiascharacterizationandsourcesofvariationarepresented,as
wellastheimpactontheDIcorrectablesfeedingtheAPCsystem.Implementationdetailsinahighvolume
manufacturing(HVM)waferfabwillbereviewed.Finallyfuturedirectionsoftheinvestigationwillbe
discussed.
117.Overlayimprovementroadmap:strategiesforscannercontrolandproductdispositionfor5nmoverlay
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011SPIE.7971E..1DF)
Felix,NelsonM.Gabor,AllenH.Menon,VinayanC.Longo,PeterP.Halle,ScottD.Koay,Chiewseng
Colburn,MatthewE.
20110301
Tokeeppacewiththeoveralldimensionalshrinkintheindustry,overlaycapabilitymustalsoshrink
proportionally.Unsurprisingly,overlaycapability<10nmisalreadyrequiredforcurrentlynodesin
development,andtheneedformultipatternedlevelshasacceleratedtheoverlayroadmaprequirementsto
theorderof5nm.Toachievethis,manyimprovementsneedtobeimplementedinallaspectsofoverlay
measurement,control,anddisposition.Giventhisdifficulttask,evenimprovementsinvolvingfractionsofa
nanometerneedtobeconsidered.Thesecontributorscanbedividedinto5categories:scanner,process,
reticle,metrology,andAPC.Intermsofoverlaymetrology,thepurposeistwofold:Tomeasurewhatthe
actualoverlayerrorisonwafer,andtoprovideappropriateAPCfeedbacktoreduceoverlayerrorforfuture
incominghardware.Weshowthatwithoptimizedfieldselectionplan,aswellasappropriatewithinfield
sampling,bothobjectivescanbemet.Formetrologyfieldselection,anoptimizationalgorithmhasbeen
employedtoproportionatelysamplefieldsofdifferentscandirection,aswellasproportionalspatial
placement.Inaddition,intrafieldsamplinghasbeenchosentoaccuratelyrepresentoverlayinsideeach
field,ratherthanjustatfieldcorners.Regardless,theindustrywideuseofmultiexposurepatterning
schemeshaspushedscanneroverlaycapabilitiestotheirlimits.However,itisnowclearthatscanner
contributionsmaynolongerbethemajoritycomponentintotaloverlayperformance.Theabilitytocontrol
correctableoverlaycomponentsisparamounttoachievingdesiredperformance.Inaddition,process(non
scanner)contributionstoonproductoverlayerrorneedtobeaggressivelytackled,thoughweshowthat
therealsoopportunitiesavailableinactivescanneralignmentschemes,whereappropriatescanner
alignmentmetrologyandcorrectioncanreduceresidualsonproduct.Intandem,alltheseelementsneedto
beinplaceto
118.WeldingTechnician(http://eric.ed.gov/?q=WElding&id=EJ827569)
Smith,Ken
20090101
About95%ofallmanufacturedgoodsinthiscountryareweldedorjoinedinsomeway.Thesewelded
productsrangeinnaturefrombicyclehandlebarsandskyscraperstobridgesandracecars.Theauthor
discusseswhatstudentsneedtoknowaboutcareersforweldingtechnicianswages,responsibilities,skills
needed,careeradvancement
119.Rootcauseanalysisofoverlaymetrologyexcursionswithscatterometryoverlaytechnology(SCOL)
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9778E..1MG)
Gutjahr,KarstenPark,DongsukZhou,YueCho,WinstonAhn,KiCheolSnow,PatrickMcGowan,
RichardMarciano,TalRamanathan,VidyaHerrera,PedroItzkovich,TalCamp,JanayAdel,Michael
20160301
Wedemonstrateanovelmethodtoestablisharootcauseforanoverlayexcursionusingoptical
Scatterometrymetrology.Scatterometryoverlaymetrologyconsistsoffourcells(twoperdirections)of
gratingongratingstructuresthatareilluminatedwithalaseranddiffractedordersmeasuredinthepupil
planewithinacertainrangeofaperture.Stateofartalgorithmspermit,withsymmetricconsiderationsover
thetargets,toextracttheoverlaybetweenthetwogratings.Weexploittheopticalpropertiesofthetargetto
extractfurtherinformationfromthemeasuredpupilimages,particularlyinformationthatmayberelatedto
anychangeintheprocessthatmayleadtoanoverlayexcursion.RootCauseAnalysisorRCAisbeing
developedtoidentifydifferentkindsofprocessvariations(eitherwithinthewafer,orbetweendifferent
wafers)thatmayindicateoverlayexcursions.Inthismanuscript,wedemonstrateacollaborationbetween
GlobalfoundriesandKLATencortoidentifyasymmetricprocessvariationusingscatterometryoverlay
metrologyandRCAtechnique.
120.Amovingoverlayshrinkstheattentionalblink.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25245077)
Chua,FookK
20150101
Thisreportdescribesastudyexaminingtheeffectsofoverlayingaveilofspotsonthelettersinacentral
rapidserialvisualpresentationstream.Observersidentifiedtwotargetletters(T1andT2,respectively)
embeddedinastreamofdistractorlettersprintedinadifferentcolor.InExperiment1,theattentionalblink
(AB)diminishedwhenadifferentoverlayveiledeachletter,suchthatthespotsappearedtomoveasthe
letterschanged.Experiment2concernedwhethertheperformanceenhancementoccurredbecausethe
overlayhamperedprocessingofthelag1distractor,thusweakeningthedistractor'sinterferencewithT1.
Experiment3focusedonhowchangingtheoverlayatoraroundT1affectedtheAB.Theattention
disengagementhypothesiswasproposedtoexplainthecommonthemeintheresultsthatperformance
wasonlyenhancedwhendifferentoverlayswereappliedtotheT1andlag1frames.Theclaimisthatthe
ABreflectsafailureofpromptattentionaldisengagementfromT1,which,inturn,delaysreengagement
whenT2appearsshortlythereafter.WhenT1'sdisappearanceisaccompaniedbyanoverlaychange,the
perceptualsystemgetsanadditionalcuesignalingthatthevisualscenehaschanged,therebyinducing
attentionaldisengagement.Apartfromfacilitatingpromptreengagementatthenexttarget,earlier
disengagementalsoimprovestargetrecoverybyexcludingfeaturesofthetrailingitem,likelytobea
distractor,fromworkingmemory.
4 5 6 7 8
5 6 7 8 9
121.Elementsofarcwelding(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/6472168)
NotAvailable
19930701
Thispaperlooksatthefollowingarcweldingtechniques:(1)shieldedmetalarcwelding(2)submergedarc
welding(3)gasmetalarcwelding(4)fluxcoredarcwelding(5)electrogaswelding(6)gastungstenarc
weldingand(7)plasmaarcwelding.
122.Processofweldinggammaprimestrengthenednickelbasesuperalloys
Speigel,LyleB.White,RaymondAlanMurphy,JohnThomasNowak,DanielAnthony
20031125
Aprocessforweldingsuperalloys,andparticularlyarticlesformedofgammaprimestrengthenednickel
basesuperalloyswhosechemistriesand/ormicrostructuresdiffer.Theprocessentailsformingthefaying
surfaceofatleastoneofthearticlestohaveacladdinglayerofafillermaterial.Thefillermaterialmay
haveacompositionthatisdifferentfrombothofthearticles,orthesameasoneofthearticles.The
claddinglayerismachinedtopromotematingofthefayingsurfaces,afterwhichthefayingsurfacesare
matedandthearticlesweldedtogether.Aftercooling,theweldedassemblyisfreeofthermallyinduced
cracks.
123.CHARACTERIZATIONOFDEFECTSINALLOY152,52AND52MWELDS
Bruemmer,StephenM.Toloczko,MychailoB.Olszta,MatthewJ.Seffens,RobJ.Efsing,PalG.
20090827
Defectdistributionshavebeendocumentedbyopticalmetallography,scanningelectronmicroscopyand
electronbackscatterdiffractioninalloy152and52mockupswelds,alloy52and52Moverlaymockupsand
analloy52Minlay.Primarydefectsweresmallcracksatgrainboundariesexceptformoreextensive
crackinginthedilutionzoneofanalloy52overlayon304SS.Detailedcharacterizationsofthedilutionzone
crackswereperformedbyanalyticaltransmissionelectronmicroscopyidentifyinggrainboundarytitanium
nitrideprecipitationassociatedwiththeintergranularseparations.I.INTRODUCTIONWeldmentscontinue
tobeaprimarylocationofstresscorrosioncracking(SCC)inlightwaterreactorsystems.Whileproblems
relatedtoheataffectedzone(HAZ)sensitizationandintergranular(IG)SCCofausteniticstainlessalloysin
boilingwaterreactors(BWRs)havebeensignificantlyreduced,SCChasnowbeenobservedinHAZsof
nonsensitizedmaterialsandindissimilarmetalweldswhereNibasealloyweldmetalsareused.IGSCCin
weldmetalshasbeenobservedinbothBWRsandpressurizedwaterreactors(PWRs)withrecent
examplesforPWRpressurevesselpenetrationsproducingthemostconcern.Thishasledtothe
replacementofalloy600/182/82weldswithhigherCr,morecorrosionresistantreplacementmaterials
(alloy690/152/52/52M).Complicatingthisissuehasbeenaknownsusceptibilitytocrackingduringwelding
[17]oftheseweldmetals.Thereisacriticalneedforanimprovedunderstandingoftheweldmetal
metallurgyanddefectformationinNibasealloyweldstoeffectivelyassesslongtermperformance.A
seriesofmacroscopictomicroscopicexaminationswereperformedonavailablemockupweldsmadewith
alloy52oralloy152plusselectedoverlayandinlaymockups.Theintentwastoexpandourunderstanding
ofweldmetalstructuresinsimulatedLWRservicecomponentswithafocusonasweldeddefects.
Microstructuralfeatures,defectdistributions
124.Remediationofnuclearplantpipingandcomponentsbyweldreinforcementrepairsandweldbuildups
Licina,G.J.Giannuzzi,A.J.Nevshemal,J.A.Naughton,T.
19921231
Inplaceweldrepairscanoffersignificantbenefitsoverpipingreplacementinnuclearpowerplants.More
than600suchrepairshavebeenappliedtoprimarypressureboundaryweldsinausteniticstainlesssteel
pipinginBWRs.Favorablelaboratoryresultsandfieldexperiencehaveledtotheacceptanceofthese
techniquesaslongtermrepairs.Theuseoftheweldoverlayrepairforotherpipingmaterials,geometries,
andcausesoffailurenecessitatedtheexpansionofthetechnology.Thegoverningconstructioncodes
requirepostweldheattreatmentandadditionalimpacttestingfornonausteniticmaterials.Proceduresare
describedthataddresstheseconcernsandpermitanextensionofthetechnologytoavarietyofnuclear
applications.
125.Soldadura(Welding).SpanishTranslationsforWelding.(http://eric.ed.gov/?
q=WElding&pg=3&id=ED230790)
Hohhertz,Durwin
ThirtytransparencymasterswithSpanishsubtitlesforkeywordsareprovidedforawelding/general
mechanicalrepaircourse.Thetransparencymastersareonsuchtopicsasoxyacetylenewelding
oxyacetyleneweldingequipmentweldingsafetydifferenttypesofweldsbrazeweldingcuttingtorches
cuttingwithatorchprotectiveequipmentarc
126.WELDINGTORCH(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/4840625)
Correy,T.B.
19611001
Aweldingtorchintowhichwaterandinertgasarepipedseparatelyforcoolingandforprovidingasuitable
gaseousatmosphereisdescribed.Aweldingelectrodeisclampedinthetorchbyaremovablecolletsleeve
andaremovablecollethead.Replacementofthesleeveandheadwithlargerorsmallersleeveandhead
permitsalargerorsmallerweldingelectrodetobesubstitutedonthetorch.(AEC)
127.Plasmaarcweldingweldimaging(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940030861)
Rybicki,DanielJ.(Inventor)Mcgee,WilliamF.(Inventor)
19940101
Aweldingtorchforplasmaarcweldingapparatushasatransparentshieldcupdisposedaboutthe
constrictingnozzle,thecupincludingasmalloutwardlyextendingpolishedlip.Aguidetubeextends
externallyofthetorchandhasafreeendadjacenttothelip.Firstandsecondopticalfiberbundle
assembliesaresupportedwithintheguidetube.Lightfromastrobelightistransmittedalongoneofthe
assembliestothefreeendandthroughthelipontotheweldsite.Alensispositionedintheguidetube
adjacenttothesecondassemblyandfocusesimagesoftheweldsiteontotheendofthefiberbundleof
thesecondassemblyandtheseimagesaretransmittedalongthesecondassemblytoavideocameraso
thattheweldsitemaybeviewedcontinuouslyformonitoringtheweldingprocess.
128.Aconebeamcomputedtomographyinspectionmethodforfuelrodcladdingtubes
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012NIMPA.688....1F)
Fu,JianTan,RenboWang,QianliDeng,JingshanLiu,Ming
20121001
FuelrodsinnuclearpowerplantsconsistofUO2pelletsenclosedinZirconiumalloy(Zircaloy)cladding
tube,whichiscomposedofabodyandaplug.Thebodyismanufacturedseparatelyfromtheplugand,
beforeitsuse,theplugisweldedwiththebody.Itisvitallyimportantfortheweldingzonetoremainfree
fromdefectsafterthefuelpelletsareloadedintothecladdingtubetopreventtheradioactivefission
productsfromleaking.Xraycomputedtomography(CT)isinprincipleafeasibleinspectionmethodforthe
weldingzone,butitfacesseveralchallengesduetothehighattenuationofZircaloy.Inthispaper,acone
beamCTmethodisproposedtoaddresstheseissuesandperformtheweldingflawinspection.AZircaloy
compensatorisadoptedtonarrowthesignalrange,astructurebasedbackgroundremovaltechniqueto
revealthedefects,alinearextensiontechniquetodeterminethereferenceXrayintensitysignalandFDK
algorithmtoreconstructthesliceimages.Aprototypesystem,basedonXraytubesourceandflatpanel
detector,hasbeendevelopedandtheexperimentsinthissystemhavedemonstratedthattheweldingvoid
andtheincompletejointpenetrationscouldbedetectedbythismethod.Thisapproachmayfind
applicationsinthequalitycontrolofnuclearfuelrods.
129.OverlayTechniqueforTranscatheterLeftAtrialAppendageClosure.
Li,ShuangZhu,MengyunLu,YunlanTang,KaiZhao,DongdongChen,WeiXu,Yawei
20150801
TheOverlaytechniqueispopularinperipheralarteryinterventions,butnotincoronaryorcardiacstructural
procedures.Wepresentaninitialexperienceusingthreeepisodeoverlaysduringatranscatheterleftatrial
appendageclosure.Thefirstoverlaywasappliedtofacilitateadvancementofthedeliverysheathintoleft
atrium.Thesecondoverlaywasusedtonavigatetheadvancementofpreppeddeliverysystemcontaining
thecompressedoccluderintoitsoptimalpositionintheleftatrium.Thethirdoverlayfacilitatedtherealtime
deploymentoftheclosuredevice.Thiscasereportdemonstratestheeffectivenessoftheoverlaytechnique
infacilitatingeachstepofthetranscatheterleftatrialappendageclosure.
130.TechnicalLetterReport,AnEvaluationofUltrasonicPhasedArrayTestingforReactorPipingSystem
ComponentsContainingDissimilarMetalWelds,JCNN6398,Task2A
Diaz,AaronA.Cinson,AnthonyD.Crawford,SusanL.Anderson,MichaelT.
20091130
ResearchisbeingconductedfortheU.S.NuclearRegulatoryCommissionatthePacificNorthwestNational
Laboratorytoassesstheeffectivenessandreliabilityofadvancednondestructiveexamination(NDE)
methodsfortheinspectionoflightwaterreactorcomponents.Thescopeofthisresearchencompasses
primarysystempressureboundarymaterialsincludingdissimilarmetalwelds(DMWs),castaustenitic
stainlesssteels(CASS),pipingwithcorrosionresistantcladding,weldoverlays,inlaysandonlays,andfar
sideexaminationsofausteniticpipingwelds.AprimaryobjectiveofthisworkistoevaluatevariousNDE
methodstoassesstheirabilitytodetect,localize,andsizecracksinsteelcomponentsthatchallenge
standardand/orconventionalinspectionmethodologies.Thisinterimtechnicalletterreportprovidesa
summaryofatechnicalevaluationaimedatassessingthecapabilitiesofphasedarray(PA)ultrasonic
testing(UT)methodsasappliedtotheinspectionofsmallboreDMWcomponentsthatexistinthereactor
coolantsystems(RCS)ofpressurizedwaterreactors(PWRs).Operatingexperienceandeventssuchas
thecircumferentialcrackinginthereactorvesselnozzletoRCShotlegpipeatV.C.Summernuclearpower
station,identifiedin2000,showthatinPWRswhereprimarycoolantwater(orsteam)arepresentunder
normaloperation,Alloy82/182materialsaresusceptibletopressurizedwaterstresscorrosioncracking.
TheextentandnumberofoccurrencesofDMWcrackinginnuclearpowerplants(domesticallyand
internationally)indicatethenecessityforreliableandeffectiveinspectiontechniques.Theworkdescribed
hereinwasperformedtoprovideinsightsforevaluatingtheutilityofadvancedNDEapproachesforthe
inspectionofDMWcomponentssuchasapressurizersurgenozzleDMW,ashutdowncoolingpipeDMW,
andaferritic(lowalloycarbonsteel)toCASSpipeDMWconfiguration.
131.Reliablefabricationwithalloy59hotrollcladplatesinamajorFGDproject
Kirchheiner,R.Herda,W.Schupp,N.
19960801
Fluegasdesulfurization(FGD)unitsrequirelargecomponentstoaccommodatetheflowvolumesandshort
contacttimesbetweenrawgasandabsorbentwhicharetypicaloftheseprocesses.Forovertwodecades,
increasingusehasbeenmadeofnickelbasealloystoprotectfluegasducts,absorbers,chimneysand
internalsagainstcorrosionattack.Inordertotakeadvantageoftheirexcellentcorrosionresistancewhile
keepinginvestmentcostslow,theseNiCrMomaterialsarefrequentlyusedintheformofacladdingapplied
inthinlayersonthecarbonsteelstructuralloadbearingcomponent.Inviewofthethincorrosionprotection
layer,thequalityoftheweldedjointonthenickelalloysideassumescriticalimportance.Thispaper
describesthedevelopmentoftestsandweldingproceduresforhotrollcladplatesusedinlargeFGD
componentsinamodernlignitefired3,500MWpowerplantinGermany.
132.KMLSuperOverlaytoWMSTranslator(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100010978)
Plesea,Lucian
20070101
ThistranslatorisaserverbasedapplicationthatautomaticallygeneratesKMLsuperoverlayconfiguration
filesrequiredbyGoogleEarthformapdataaccessviatheOpenGeospatialConsortiumWMS(WebMap
Service)standard.ThetranslatorusesasetofURLparametersthatmirrortheWMSparametersasmuch
aspossible,anditalsocangenerateasuperoverlaysubdivisionofanygivenareathatisonlyloadedwhen
needed,enablingverylargeareasofcoverageatveryhighresolutions.Itcanmakealmostanydataset
availableasaWMSservicevisibleandusableinanyKMLapplication,withouttheneedtoreformatthe
data.
133.WeldingIII.(http://eric.ed.gov/?q=AW&pg=7&id=ED194132)
AlleghenyCountyCommunityColl.,Pittsburgh,PA.
InstructionalobjectivesandperformancerequirementsareoutlinedinthiscourseguideforWeldingIII,an
advancedcourseinarcweldingofferedattheCommunityCollegeofAlleghenyCountytoprovidestudents
withtheproficiencynecessaryforindustrialcertification.Thecourseobjectives,whichareoutlinedfirst,
specifythatstudentswill
134.WeldingCurriculum.(http://eric.ed.gov/?q=WElding&pg=7&id=ED331982)
EASTCONNRegionalEducationalServicesCenter,NorthWindham,CT.
Thepurposeofthisweldingprogramistoprovidestudentswithskillsandtechniquestobecomeemployed
asadvancedapprenticewelders.Theweldingprogrammanualincludesthefollowingsections:(1)course
description(2)generalobjectives(3)competencies(4)curriculumoutlinefor13areas(5)13references
and(6)studentprogress
135.CladDegradationFEPsScreeningArguments(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/838641)
E.Siegmann
20040317
Thepurposeofthisreportistodocumentthescreeningofthecladdingdegradationfeatures,events,and
processes(FEPs)forcommercialspentnuclearfuel(CSNF).Thisreportalsoaddressestheeffectofsome
FEPsonboththecladdingandtheCSNF,DSNF,andHLWwasteformswhereitwasconsidered
appropriatetoaddresstheeffectsonbothmaterialstogether.Thisreportsummarizestheworkofothersto
screencladdegradationFEPsinamannerconsistentwith,andusedin,theTotalSystemPerformance
AssessmentLicenseApplication(TSPALA).Thisdocumentwaspreparedaccordingto''TechnicalWork
PlanforWasteFormDegradationModeling,Testing,andAnalysesinSupportofLA''(BSC2004a[DIRS
167796]).
136.HybridoverlaymetrologyforhighordercorrectionbyusingCDSEM
Leray,PhilippeHalder,SandipLorusso,GianBaudemprez,BartInoue,OsamuOkagawa,Yutaka
20160301
Overlaycontrolhasbecomeoneofthemostcriticalissuesforsemiconductormanufacturing.Advanced
lithographicscannersusehighordercorrectionsorcorrectionperexposuretoreducetheresidualoverlay.
ItisnotenoughintraditionalfeedbackofoverlaymeasurementbyusingADIwaferbecauseoverlayerror
dependsonotherprocess(etchingprocessandfilmstress,etc.).Itneedshighaccuracyoverlay
measurementbyusingAEIwafer.WIS(WaferInducedShift)isthemainissueforopticaloverlay,IBO
(ImageBasedOverlay)andDBO(DiffractionBasedOverlay).WedesigndedicatedSEMoverlaytargetsfor
dualdamasceneprocessofN10byiArFmultipatterning.Thepatternissameasdevicepatternlocally.
OpticaloverlaytoolsselectsegmentedpatterntoreducetheWIS.Howeversegmentationhaslimit,
especiallytheviapattern,forkeepingthesensitivityandaccuracy.Weevaluatedifferencebetweenthe
viapatternandrelaxedpitchgratingswhicharesimilartoopticaloverlaytargetatAEI.CDSEMcanestimate
asymmetrypropertyoftargetfromimageofpatternedge.CDSEMcanestimateasymmetrypropertyof
targetfromimageofpatternedge.WewillcomparefullmapofSEMoverlaytofullmapofopticaloverlay
forhighordercorrection(correctablesandresidualfingerprints).
137.Structuraltransformationsinhullmaterialcladbynitrogenstainlesssteelusingvariousmethods
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PMM...115..202S)
Sagaradze,V.V.Kataeva,N.V.Mushnikova,S.Yu.Khar'kov,O.A.Kalinin,G.Yu.Yampol'skii,V.D.
20140201
Specimensofa10N3KhDMBFshipbuildinghullsteelwerecladbya04Kh20N6G11M2AFBnitrogen
austeniticsteelusingvarioustreatmentconditions,whichincludedhotrolling,austeniticfacing,and
explosiveweldingfollowedbyhotrollingandheattreatment.Betweenthebaseandcladdingmaterials,an
intermediatelayerwithvariableconcentrationsofchromium,manganese,andnickelwasfound,inwhicha
martensiticstructurewasformed.Inallthecases,thestrengthofbondingofthecladdinglayertothehull
steel(determinedintestsforsheartofracture)wasfairlyhigh(sh=437520MPa).Theonlyexception
wasthespecimenproducedbyunidirectionalfacingwithoutsubsequenthotrolling(sh=308MPa),in
whichnonfusionsbetweenthefacedbeadsofstainlesssteelweredetected.
138.WELDINGMETHOD(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/4181156)
Cornell,A.A.Dunbar,J.V.Ruffner,J.H.
19590929
Asemiautomaticmethodisdescribedfortheweldjoiningofpipesandfittingswhichutilizestheinert
gasshieldedconsumableelectrodeelectricarcweldingtechnique,comprisinglayingdowntherootpassat
afirstperipheralvelocityandthereafterlayingdownthefillerpassesovertherootpassnecessaryto
completetheweldbyrevolvingthepipesandfittingsatasecondperipheralvelocitydifferentfromthefirst
peripheralvelocity,maintainingtheweldingheadinafixedpositionastothespecificdirectionofrevolution,
whilethelongitudinalaxisoftheweldingheadisdisposedangularlyinthedirectionofrevolutionatamounts
betweentwentyminutasandaboutfourdegreesfromthefirstposition.
139.FracturebehaviorofshallowcracksinfullthicknesscladbeamsfromanRPVwallsection
Keeney,J.A.Bass,B.R.McAfee,W.J.
19950401
Atestingprogramisdescribedthatutilizesfullthicknesscladbeamspecimenstoquantifyfracture
toughnessforshallowcracksinweldmaterialforwhichmetallurgicalconditionsareprototypicofthose
foundinreactorpressurevessels(RPVs).ThebeamspecimensarefabricatedfromanRPVshellsegment
thatincludesweld,plateandcladmaterial.Metallurgicalfactorspotentiallyinfluencingfracturetoughness
forshallowcracksinthebeamspecimensincludematerialgradientsandmaterialinhomogeneitiesin
weldedregions.Theshallowcrackcladbeamspecimensshowedasignificantlossofconstraintsimilarto
thatofothershallowcracksingleedgenotchbend(SENB)specimens.ThestressbasedDoddsAnderson
scalingmodelappearstobeeffectiveinadjustingthetestdatatoaccountforinplanelossofconstraintfor
uniaxiallytestedbeams,butcannotpredicttheobservedeffectsofoutofplanebiaxialloadingonshallow
crackfracturetoughness.Astrainbaseddualparameterfracturetoughnesscorrelation(basedonplastic
zonewidth)performedacceptablywhenappliedtotheuniaxialandbiaxialshallowcrackfracturetoughness
data.
140.Colors,coloredoverlays,andreadingskills(https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?
Uccula,ArcangeloEnna,MauroMulatti,Claudio
20140101
Inthisarticle,weareconcernedwiththeroleofcolorsinreadingwrittentexts.Ithasbeenarguedthat
coloredoverlaysappliedabovewrittentextspositivelyinfluencebothreadingfluencyandreadingspeed.
TheseeffectswouldbeparticularlyevidentforthoseindividualsaffectedbythesocalledMearesIrlen
syndrome,i.e.,whoexperienceeyestrainand/orvisualdistortionse.g.,color,shape,ormovement
illusionswhilereading.Thisconditionwouldinterestthe1214%ofthegeneralpopulationandupto
the46%ofthedyslexicpopulation.Thus,coloredoverlayshavebeenlargelyemployedasaremedyfor
someaspectsofthedifficultiesinreadingexperiencedbydyslexicindividuals,asfluencyandspeed.
Despitethewideuseofcoloredoverlays,howtheyexerttheireffectshasnotbeenmadeclearyet.Also,
accordingtosomeresearchers,theresultssupportingtheefficacyofcoloredoverlaysasatoolforhelping
readersareatleastcontroversial.Furthermore,theverynatureoftheMearesIrlensyndromehasbeen
questioned.Hereweprovideaconcise,criticalreviewoftheliterature.PMID:25120525
5 6 7 8 9
6 7 8 9 10
141.ColouredOverlays,VisualDiscomfort,VisualSearchandClassroomReading.(http://eric.ed.gov/?
q=overlay&pg=6&id=EJ499040)
Tyrrell,RuthAndOthers
19950101
Statesthat46childrenaged1216wereshownapageofmeaninglesstextcoveredwithplasticoverlays,
including7thatwerevariouscolorsand1thatwasclear.Explainsthateachchildselectedtheoverlaythat
madereadingeasiest.Notesthatchildrenwhoreadwithacoloredoverlaycomplainedofvisualdiscomfort
whentheyreadwithoutthe
142.ZIRCONIUMCLADDINGOFTHORIUM(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/4836653)
Beaver,R.J.
19611121
Amethodofcladdingthoriumwithzirconiumisdescribed.Thequalityofthebondachievedbetween
thoriumandzirconiumbyhotrollingisimprovedbyinsertingandmeltingathoriumzirconiumalloyfoil
betweenthetwomaterialspriortorolling.(AEC)
143.SyllabusinTradeWelding.(http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED113440.pdf)
NewYorkStateEducationDept.,Albany.BureauofSecondaryCurriculumDevelopment.
Thesyllabusoutlinesmaterialforacoursetwoacademicyearsinlength(minimumtwoandonehalfhours
dailyexperience)leadingtoentryleveloccupationalabilityinseveralweldingtradeareas.Fourteenunits
coveringarewelding,gaswelding,oxyacetylenewelding,cutting,nonfusionprocesses,inertgasshielded
arcwelding,weldingcast
144.Asimulationmodelforestimatingprobabilitiesofdefectsinwelds
Chapman,O.J.V.Khaleel,M.A.Simonen,F.A.
19961201
InrecentworkfortheUSNuclearRegulatoryCommissionincollaborationwithBattellePacificNorthwest
NationalLaboratory,RollsRoyceandAssociates,Ltd.,hasadaptedanexistingmodelforpipingweldsto
addressweldsinreactorpressurevessels.Thispaperdescribestheflawestimationmethodologyasit
appliestoflawsinreactorpressurevesselwelds(butnotflawsinbasemetalorflawsassociatedwiththe
claddingprocess).Detailsoftheassociatedcomputersoftware(RRPRODIGAL)areprovided.The
approachusesexpertelicitationandmathematicalmodelingtosimulatethestepsinmanufacturingaweld
andtheerrorsthatleadtodifferenttypesofwelddefects.Thedefectsthatmayinitiateinweldbeads
includecentercracks,lackoffusion,slag,poreswithtails,andcracksinheataffectedzones.Various
weldingprocessesareaddressedincludingsubmergedmetalarcwelding.Themodelsimulatestheeffects
ofbothradiographicanddyepenetrantsurfaceinspections.Outputfromthesimulationgivesoccurrence
frequenciesfordefectsasafunctionofbothflawsizeandflawlocation(surfaceconnectedandburied
flaws).Numericalresultsarepresentedtoshowtheeffectsofsubmergedmetalarcversusmanualmetal
arcweldprocesses.
145.SimulatedtransientbehaviorofHT9cladding(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/6710925)
Cannon,N.S.Huang,F.H.Hamilton,M.L.
19880901
SimulatedtransienttestswereperformedonsectionsofHT9fastreactorfuelpincladdingirradiatedtoa
fastfluenceofnearly16/times/10/sup22/n/cm/sup2/attemperaturesrangingfrom370to620/degree/C.
Afterremovingfuel,thesespecimenswereinternallypressurizedandheatedatoneofseveralconstant
rates(0.56,5.6,or110/degree/C/s)untilspecimenfailureoccurred.Aslightreductionofstrengthwas
observedinirradiatedcladding,particularlyat110/degree/C/s,whencomparedwithtransientresultsfrom
unirradiatedHT9controlspecimenshowever,thisstrengthreductiondidnotcorrelatewitheitherfluenceor
irradiationtemperature.Asmallreductionofductilitywasalsoobservedforirradiatedcladdingfailingat
temperaturesabove800/degree/Catthelowerheatingrates(0.56or5.6/degree/C/s)irradiatedcladding
wasgenerallymoreductileat110/degree/C/sthanunirradiatedHT9cladding.TheHT9claddingresults
werecomparedwithsimilartransientdataobtainedpreviouslyfrom20%ColdWorkedType316Stainless
Steel(316SS)cladding.Intheunirradiatedstate,thisausteniticcladdingisstrongerandlessductilethan
HT9cladding.However,the316SScladdingundergoesasignificantlossofstrengthandductilityduring
irradiationwhenincontactwithoxidefuel,byamechanismlabeledthefueladjacencyeffect(FAE).The
FAEisbelievedtobeliquidmetalembrittlementfromfissionproducts.TheHT9fuelpincladdingremained
asstrongorstrongerthanthe316SScladdingwhenirradiatedincontactwithfuel,showingnoevidenceof
theFAEuptothehighfluencesreportedhere.TheductilityoftheirradiatedHT9fuelpincladdingremained
significantlygreaterthanthatofirradiated316SScladding.14refs.,11figs.,1tab.
146.TechnicalLetterReportAssessmentofUltrasonicPhasedArrayInspectionMethodforWeldsinCast
AusteniticStainlessSteelPressurizerSurgeLinePipingJCNN6398,Task1B
Diaz,AaronA.Cinson,AnthonyD.Crawford,SusanL.Mathews,RoyceMoran,TraciL.Anderson,
MichaelT.
20090728
ResearchisbeingconductedfortheU.S.NuclearRegulatoryCommission(NRC)atthePacificNorthwest
NationalLaboratory(PNNL)toassesstheeffectivenessandreliabilityofadvancednondestructive
examination(NDE)methodsfortheinspectionoflightwaterreactorcomponents.Thescopeofthis
researchencompassesprimarysystempressureboundarymaterialsincludingcastausteniticstainless
steels(CASS)dissimilarmetalweldspipingwithcorrosionresistantcladdingweldoverlays,inlaysand
onlaysandfarsideexaminationsofausteniticpipingwelds.Aprimaryobjectiveofthisworkistoevaluate
variousNDEmethodstoassesstheirabilitytodetect,localize,andsizecracksincoarsegrainedsteel
components.Inthiseffort,PNNLsupportscooperationwithCommissariatlEnergieAtomique(CEA)
toassessreliableinspectionofCASSmaterials.TheNRCProjectManagerhasestablishedacooperative
effortwiththeInstitutdeRadioprotectionetdeSureteNucleaire(IRSN).CEA,underfundingfromIRSN,are
supportingcollaborativeeffortswiththeNRCandPNNL.RegardingitsworkontheNDEofmaterials,CEA
isprovidingitsmodelingsoftware(CIVA)inexchangeforPNNLofferingexpertiseanddatarelatedto
phasedarraydetectionandsizing,acousticattenuation,andbackscatteringonCASSmaterials.This
collaborationbenefitstheNRCbecauseCEAperformsresearchanddevelopmentonCASSfor
lectricitdeFrance(EdF).Thistechnicalletterreportprovidesasummaryofatechnicalevaluation
aimedatassessingthecapabilitiesofphasedarray(PA)ultrasonictesting(UT)methodsasappliedtothe
inspectionofweldsinCASSpressurizer(PZR)surgelinenuclearreactorpiping.Asetofthermalfatigue
cracks(TFCs)wasimplantedintothreeCASSPZRsurgelinespecimens(pipetoelbowwelds)thatwere
fabricatedusingvintageCASSmaterialsformedinthe1970s,andflawresponsesfromthesecrackswere
usedtoevaluatedetectionandsizing
147.WeldingmethodcombininglaserweldingandMIGwelding(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/5497389)
Hamasaki,M.
19850326
Weldingofdeeppenetrationisobtainedinasustratebyamethodwhichcomprisesfirstmeltingthejoint
portionofthesubstratesbyMIGweldingandthenfocusingalaserbeaminthebottomsurfaceofacrater
formedinconsequenceoftheMIGweldingtherebyeffectinglaserweldingofthecrater.
148.Establishingastablecentricpositionusingoverlays.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20591768)
Marchini,LeonardodosSantos,MateusBertoliniFernandesdosSantos,JarbasFranciscoFernandesda
Cunha,VicentedePaulaPrisco
20100101
Themasticatorysystem'sabilitytofunctiondependsonthedistributionofocclusalcontactstopromote
mandibularstabilization.Thepatientinthiscasereportwasexperiencingtemporomandibulardysfunction,
whichwastreatedbycreatinganadequatebiteplaneusingindirectcompositeresinrestorations(overlays)
madefromawaxup.Thistherapymadeitpossibletoimproveestheticsaswellascentricandexcursive
mandibularocclusionwithouttheneedfordrilling.
149.OverlayTolerancesForVLSIUsingWaferSteppers(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988SPIE..922...82L)
Levinson,HarryJ.Rice,Rory
19880101
InorderforVLSIcircuitstofunctionproperly,themaskinglayersusedinthefabricationofthosedevices
mustoverlayeachothertowithinthemanufacturingtoleranceincorporatedinthecircuitdesign.The
capabilitiesofthealignmenttoolsusedinthemaskingprocessdeterminetheoverlaytolerancestowhich
circuitscanbedesigned.Itisthereforeofconsiderableimportancethatthesecapabilitiesbewell
characterized.Underestimationoftheoverlayaccuracyresultsinunnecessarilylargedevices,resultingin
poorutilizationofwaferareaandpossibledegradationofdeviceperformance.Overestimationwillresultin
significantyieldlossbecauseofthefailuretoconformtothetolerancesofthedesignrules.Theproper
methodologyfordeterminingtheoverlaycapabilitiesofwafersteppers,themostcommonlyusedalignment
toolfortheproductionofVLSIcircuits,isthesubjectofthispaper.Becausecosteffectivemanufacturing
processtechnologyhasbeenthedrivingforceofVLSI,theimpactonproductivityisaprimaryconsideration
inalldiscussions.Manufacturersofalignmenttoolsadvertisethecapabilitiesoftheirequipment.Itis
notablethatnomanufacturercurrentlycharacterizeshisalignersinamannerconsistentwiththe
requirementsofproducingverylargeintegratedcircuits,aswillbediscussed.Thishasresultedinthe
situationinwhichtheevaluationandcomparisonofthecapabilitiesofalignmenttoolsrequiretheattention
ofalithographyspecialist.Unfortunately,lithographiccapabilitiesmustbeknownbymanyotherpeople,
particularlythecircuitdesignersandthemanagersresponsibleforthefinancialconsequencesofthehigh
pricesofmodernalignmenttools.Alltoofrequently,thedesignerormanagerisconfrontedwith
contradictorydata,onesetcomingfromhislithographyspecialist,andtheothercomingfromasales
representativeofanequipmentmanufacturer.Sincethelattergenerallyattemptstomakehis
150.Accommodation,patternglare,andcolouredoverlays.(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23586285)
Allen,PeterMDedi,SoniaKumar,DimplePatel,TanujAloo,MohammedWilkins,ArnoldJ
20120101
Wemanipulatedtheaccommodativeresponseusingpositiveandnegativelensestostudyanyassociation
betweensymptomsofpatternglareandaccommodation.Twogroupsofeighteenyoungadultswere
selectedfromseventyeightonthebasis(i)thattheirrateofreadingincreasedby5%ormorewithan
overlaycomparedtotheirratewithoutit,and(ii)thattheyreportedmorethan2symptomsofpatternglare
(group1)orhadnosuchincrementinreadingspeedandreportedfewerthan3symptoms(group2).
Underdoublemaskedconditionsparticipantsobservedat0.4mapatternofstripeswhilemeasurementsof
accommodationweremadeusinganopenfieldautorefractorwithandwithoutpositiveandnegativetrial
lenses(0.75D),andwithandwithoutacolouredoverlay.Patternglarewasalsoassessedwithandwithout
thetriallenses.Withoutlenses,themeanaccommodativeresponseingroup1was1.55D,alagof0.95D
+/0.24Drelativetothedemand.Thelagdecreasedby0.43D(p<0.0001)whenthechosenoverlaywas
used,aneffectthatwasnotshowningroup2evenwhenlagincreasedwithnegativetriallenses(p=0.13).
Inbothgroups,patternglarescoreswerereducedbythetriallenses,butwereunaffectedbythesignofthe
lenses.Thissuggeststhatsymptomsofpatternglarearenotstronglyassociatedwithaccommodative
response.PMID:23586285
151.Overlayleaveslitho:impactofnonlithoprocessesonoverlayandcompensation
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014SPIE.9231E..0OR)
Ruhm,MatthiasSchulz,BerndCotte,EricSeltmann,RolfHertzsch,Tino
20141001
AccordingtotheITRSroadmap[1],theoverlayrequirementforthe28nmnodeis8nm.Ifwecomparethis
numberwiththeperformancegivenbytoolvendorsfortheirmostadvancedimmersionsystems(whichis<
3nm),thereseemstoremainalargemargin.Doesthatmeanthattoday'sleadingedgeFabhasaneasy
life?Unfortunatelynot,asothercontributorsaffectingoverlayareemerging.Maskcontributionsandso
callednonlinearwaferdistortionsareknowneffectsthatcanimpactoverlayquitesignificantly.
Furthermore,itisoftenforgottenthatdownstream(postlitho)processescanimpacttheoverlayaswell.
Thus,itcanberequiredtocompensatefortheeffectsofsubsequentprocessesalreadyatthelithography
operation.Withinourpaper,wewillbrieflytouchonthewaferdistortiontopicanddiscussthelimitationsof
lithographycompensationtechniquessuchashigherordercorrectionsversussolvingtherootcauseofthe
distortions.Theprimaryfocuswillbeontheimpactoftheetchprocessesonthepatternplacementerror.
Wewillshowhowindividuallayerscangetaffecteddifferentlybyshowingtypicalwafersignatures.
However,incontrasttotheabovementionedwaferdistortiontopic,lithographiccompensationtechniques
canbehighlyeffectivetoreducetheplacementerrorsignificantlytowardsacceptablelevels(seeFigure1).
Finallywewilldiscusstheoveralloverlaybudgetfora28nmcontacttogatecasebytakingtheimpactof
theindividualprocesscontributorsintoaccount.
152.CLADDEGRADATIONFEPSSCREENINGARGUMENTS
R.Schreiner
20041021
Thepurposeofthisreportistoevaluateanddocumentthescreeningofthecladdegradationfeatures,
events,andprocesses(FEPs)withrespecttomodelingusedtosupporttheTotalSystemPerformance
AssessmentLicenseApplication(TSPALA).ThisreportalsoaddressestheeffectofcertainFEPsonboth
thecladdingandthecommercialspentnuclearfuel(CSNF),DOEownedspentnuclearfuel(DSNF),and
defensehighlevelwaste(DHLW)wasteforms,asappropriatetoaddresstheeffectsonmultiplematerials
andbothcomponents(FEPs2.1.09.09.0A,2.1.09.11.0A,2.1.11.05.0A,2.1.12.02.0A,and2.1.12.03.0A).
TheseFEPsareexpectedtoaffecttherepositoryperformanceduringthepostclosureregulatoryperiodof
10,000yearsafterpermanentclosure.Table11providesthelistofcladdingFEPs,includingtheir
screeningdecisions(includeorexclude).Theprimarypurposeofthisreportistoidentifyanddocumentthe
analysis,screeningdecision,andTSPALAdisposition(forincludedFEPs)orscreeningargument(for
excludedFEPs)fortheseFEPsrelatedtocladdegradation.Insomecases,whereaFEPcoversmultiple
technicalareasandissharedwithotherFEPreports,thisreportmayprovideonlyapartialtechnicalbasis
forthescreeningoftheFEP.ThefulltechnicalbasisforsharedFEPsisaddressedcollectivelybythe
sharingFEPreports.ThescreeningdecisionsandassociatedTSPALAdispositionsorscreening
argumentsfromalloftheFEPreportsarecatalogedinaprojectspecificFEPsdatabase.
153.Opticalfibrelongperiodgratingspectralactuatorsutilizingferrofluidsasoutcladingoverlayers
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgibin/nphdata_query?bibcode=2011JEOS....6E1007K&link_type=ABSTRACT)
Konstantaki,M.Candiani,A.Pissadakis,S.
20110301
Resultsarepresentedonthespectraltuningofopticalfibrelongperiodgratingsutilizingwaterandoil
basedferrofluidsasoutcladingoverlayers,understaticmagneticfieldstimulus.Twoapproachesare
adoptedformodifyingtheambientrefractiveindexatthepositionofthelongperiodgrating.Inthefirst
approach,awaterbasedferrofluidiscontrollablytranslatedalongthelengthofthegratingviaamagnetic
field.Changesashighas7.5nmand6.5dBaremonitoredinthewavelengthandstrength,respectively,of
theattenuationbandsofthegrating.Therepeatableperformanceofthisdeviceforrepetitiveforwardand
backwardtranslationverifiesthatnoferrofluidicresidueisleftonthefibre,duetosilanizationcladding
functionalisation.Inthesecondapproach,therefractiveindexofanoilbasedferrofluidicoverlayeris
modifiedthroughthemagnetoopticaleffect.Foranappliedstaticmagneticfieldintheorderof400Gauss
thestrengthoftheattenuationbandofthegratingismodifiedbymorethan10%whileitsspectralposition
remainsunaffected.Accordinglyfortheimplementationofthelastapproach,themagneticallyinduced
refractiveindexchangesofferrofluidsofdifferentsolutionconcentrationsarestudiedbyemploying
diffractionefficiencymeasurements.
154.ProcessdevelopmentforcladdingAPTtungstentargets
Horner,MHBarber,RDalder,E
20001127
ThisreportdescribesdevelopmentofprocessesforcladdingAPTTargettungstencomponentswithathin
layer(0.127mm)ofAlloy718,Alloy600or316Lstainlesssteelalloy.Theapplicationrequiresthatthe
claddingbethermallybondedtothetungsteninordertotransferheatgeneratedinthetungstenvolumeto
asurroundingcoolant.Hightemperaturediffusionbondingusingthehotisostaticprocessing(HIP)
techniquewasselectedasthemethodforcreatingametallurgicalbondbetweenpuretungstentubesand
rodsandthecladdingmaterials.Bondingstudiesusingauniaxiallyloadedvacuumhotpresswere
conductedinpreliminaryexperimentstodetermineacceptabletimetemperatureconditionsfordiffusion
bonding.Theresultsweresuccessfullyappliedincladdingtungstenrodsandtubeswiththesealloys.
Temperatures800810CweresuitableforcladdingtungstenwithAlloy600and316Lstainlesssteelalloy,
whereastungstenwascladwithAlloy718at1020C.
155.WeldingCurtains(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020091940)
19840101
ConceptoftransparentweldingcurtainsmadeofheavydutyvinyloriginatedwithDavidF.Wilson,President
ofWilsonSalesCompany.In1968,Wilson'scurtainsreducedglareofweldingarcandblockedultraviolet
radiation.Whenlaterresearchuncoveredbluelighthazards,Wilsonsoughtimprovementofhisproducts.
HecontractedDr.CharlesG.MillerandJamesB.Stephens,bothofJetPropulsionLaboratory(JPL),and
theyagreedtoundertakedevelopmentofacurtaincapableoffilteringoutharmfulirradiance,including
ultravioletandbluelightandprovideprotectionoverabroadrangeofweldingoperation.Workingontheir
owntime,theJPLpairspent3yearsdevelopingapatentedformulathatincludeslightfilteringdyesand
smallparticlesofzincoxide.TheresultwastheWilsonSpectraCurtain.
156.AnalysisofdissimilarweldsexposedtohightemperatureH{sub2}/H{sub2}Sconditionsina
hydrodesulfurizing(HDS)unit(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/696981)
Penuela,L.E.Chirinos,J.G.Dobis,J.D.
19991101
Inhightemperatureapplications,dissimilarweldsmadewithnickelbasealloyfillermetalsprovideextended
servicelivesascomparedtosimilarweldsmadewithstainlesssteelfillermetals.Althoughconsiderable
refineryexperienceexists,itisdifficulttofindpublishedinformationforpressureboundaryweldsmadewith
nickelbasefillermetalinhothydrogenand/orH{sub2}Sservices.TheAmuayRefineryhasusednickel
basealloyfillermetalstojoincladpipingcomponentsinanumberofpipingapplications.Thispaperdetails
theresultsofananalysisofclad1{1/4}Cr{1/2}Mosteelhydroprocessingreactoreffluentpipingsamples
removedfromservicetoassessthelongtermeffectsofhydrogenandH{sub2}Sonthedissimilarweld.
Resultsofmechanicaltestingandmetallurgicalanalysisrevealthatnosignificantlossinproperties
occurred.Detailsoftheweldproceduresandweldjointdesignareprovided.
157.Terminationofplasticcladfiber.[Plasticcladsilica(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/5321113)
Nance,W.R.
19820301
Opticalwaveguidesareidealinanuclearweaponenvironmentbecauseoftheirresistanceto
electromagneticinterference.Ofthefibersontoday'smarket,plasticcladsilica(PCS)isthemostradiation
resistantandtherforethebestchoice.BecauseterminatingPCSiscomplex,thispaperattempstoaddress
themajorproblemsassociatedwiththeseterminationsincludingselectingtheproperconnectorand
optimizingtheterminatingprocedures.Thesourcesoflossesintheconnectorsaresummarizedandtypical
lossvaluesaregivenforfourconnectorswhichweretested.
158.AdvancedFuelsCampaignCladding&CoatingsMeetingSummary
NotListed
20130301
TheFuelCycleResearchandDevelopment(FCRD)AdvancedFuelsCampaign(AFC)organizeda
CladdingandCoatingsoperationalmeetingFebruary1213,2013,atOakRidgeNationalLaboratory
(ORNL).RepresentativesfromtheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy(DOE),nationallaboratories,industry,and
universitiesattendedthetwodaymeeting.Thepurposeofthemeetingwastodiscussadvancedcladding
andcladdingcoatingresearchanddevelopment(R&D)reviewexperimentaltestingcapabilitiesfor
assessingaccidenttolerantfuelsandreviewindustry/universityplansandexperienceinlightwaterreactor
(LWR)claddingandcoatingR&D.
159.Protectivecladdingsforhighstrengthchromiumalloys(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19720011985)
Collins,J.F.
19710101
TheapplicationofaCrYHfThalloyasaprotectivecladdingforahighstrengthchromiumalloywas
investigatedforitseffectivenessininhibitingnitrogenembrittlementofacorealloy.Claddingwas
accomplishedbyacombinationofhotgaspressurebondingandrollcladdingtechniques.Basedonbend
DBTT,thecladdingalloywaseffectiveininhibitingnitrogenembrittlementofthechromiumcorealloyforup
to720ks(200hours)inairat1422K(2100F).AsignificantincreaseinthebendDBTToccurredwith
longertimeexposuresat1422Korshorttimeexposuresat1589K(2400F).
160.Narrowgaplaserwelding(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/672619)
Milewski,J.O.Sklar,E.
19980602
Alaserweldingprocessincluding:(a)usingopticalraytracingtomakeamodelofalaserbeamandthe
geometryofajointtobewelded(b)adjustingvariablesinthemodeltochoosevariablesforuseinmaking
alaserweldand(c)laserweldingthejointtobeweldedusingthechosenvariables.34figs.
6 7 8 9 10
7 8 9 10 11
161.Narrowgaplaserwelding(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/871596)
Milewski,JohnO.Sklar,Edward
19980101
Alaserweldingprocessincluding:(a)usingopticalraytracingtomakeamodelofalaserbeamandthe
geometryofajointtobewelded(b)adjustingvariablesinthemodeltochoosevariablesforuseinmaking
alaserweldand(c)laserweldingthejointtobeweldedusingthechosenvariables.
162.ImprovementofEUVmixmatchoverlayforproductionimplementation
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9776E..0EP)
Park,SarohanLee,ByoungHoonLee,ByongSeogLee,InwhanLim,ChangMoon
20160301
Theimprovementofoverlaycontrolinextremeultraviolet(EUV)lithographyisoneofcriticalissuesfor
successfulmassproductionbyusingit.Especiallyitisimportanttoimprovethemixandmatchoverlayor
matchedmachineoverlay(MMO)betweenEUVandArFimmersiontool,becauseEUVprocesswillbe
appliedtospecificlayersthathavemorecompetitivecostedgeagainstArFimmersionmultiplepatterning
withtheearlymassproductivityofEUVL.ThereforeitisnecessarytoconsidertheEUVoverlaytargetwith
comparingtheoverlayspecificationofdoublepatterningtechnology(DPT)andspacerpatterning
technology(SPT).Thispaperwilldiscussaboutrequiredoverlaycontrollabilityandcurrentperformanceof
EUV,andchallengesforfutureimprovement.
163.Lasercladdingoftungstencarbides(Spherotene)hardfacingalloysfortheminingandmineralindustry
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009ApSS..255.5553A)
Amado,J.M.Tobar,M.J.Alvarez,J.C.Lamas,J.Yez,A.
20090301
Theabrasivenatureofthemechanicalprocessesinvolvedinminingandmineralindustryoftencauses
significantweartotheassociatedequipmentandderivesnonnegligibleeconomiccosts.Oneofthe
possiblestrategiestoimprovethewearresistanceofthevariouscomponentsisthedepositionof
hardfacinglayersonthebulkparts.Theuseofhighpowerlasersforhardfacing(lasercladding)has
attractedagreatattentioninthelastdecadeasanalternativetoothermorestandardmethods(arc
welding,oxyfuelgaswelding,thermalspraying).Inlasercladdingthehardfacingmaterialisusedin
powderform.ForhighhardnessapplicationsNi,CoorFebasedalloyscontaininghardphasecarbidesat
differentratiosarecommonlyused.Tungstencarbides(WC)canprovidecoatinghardnesswellabove
1000HV(Vickers).Inthisrespect,commerciallyavailableWCpowdersnormallycontainsphericalmicro
particlesconsistingofcrushedWCagglomerates.Someyearsago,Spherotenepowdersconsistingof
sphericalfusedmonocrystalineWCparticles,beingextremelyhard,between1800and3000HV,were
patented.Veryrecently,mixturesofNibasedalloywithSpherotenepowdersoptimizedforlaserprocessing
werepresented(Technolase).Thesemixtureshavebeenusedinourstudy.Lasercladdingtestswith
thesepowderswereperformedonlowcarbonsteel(C25)substrates,andresultsintermsofmicrostructure
andhardnesswillbediscussed.
164.AssessmentofaCambridgeStructuralDatabasedrivenoverlayprogram.
Giangreco,IleniaOlsson,TjelvarSGCole,JasonCPacker,MartinJ
20141124
Werecentlypublishedanimprovedmethodologyforoverlayingmultipleflexibleligandsandanextensive
datasetforvalidatingpharmacophoreprograms.Here,wecombinethesetwodevelopmentsandpresent
evidenceoftheeffectivenessofthenewoverlaymethodologyatpredictingcorrectsuperimpositionsfor
systemswithvaryinglevelsofcomplexity.Theoverlayprogramwasabletogeneratecorrectpredictionsfor
95%,73%,and39%ofsystemsclassifiedaseasy,moderate,andhard,respectively.
165.MolecularDynamicsstudyofPboverlayeronCu(100)(http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
R=19930066362&hterms=dynamic+adsorption&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Ddynamic%2Badsorption
Karimi,M.Tibbits,P.Ila,D.Dalins,I.Vidali,G.
19910101
IsothermalisobaricMolecularDynamics(MD)simulationofasubmonolayerPbfilminc(2x2)ordered
structureadsorbedonaCu(100)substrateshowedretentionofordertohighT.TheEmbeddedAtom
Method(EAM)calculatedtheenergyofatomsofoverlayerandsubstrate.Thetimeaveragedsquared
modulusofthetwodimensionalstructurefactorforthePboverlayermeasuredtheorderoftheoverlayer.
TheresultsareforincreasingTonly,andrequireverificationbysimulatedcooling.
166.Corrosionfatiguecrackgrowthincladlowalloysteels:Part1,mediumsulfurforgingsteel
James,L.A.Poskie,T.J.Auten,T.ACullen,W.H.
19960401
CorrosionfatiguecrackpropagationtestswereconductedonamediumsulfurASTMA5082forgingsteel
overlaidwithwelddepositedAlloyEN82Hcladding.Thespecimensfeaturedsemiellipticalsurfacecracks
penetratingapproximately6.3mmofcladdingintotheunderlyingsteel.Theinitialcracksizeswere
relativelylargewithsurfacelengthsof30.338.3mm,anddepthsof13.116.8mm.Theexperimentswere
conductedinaquasistagnantlowoxygen(O{sub2}<10ppb)aqueousenvironmentat243{degrees}C,
underloadingconditions({Delta}K,R,andcyclicfrequency)conductivetoenvironmentallyassisted
cracking(EAC)inhighersulfursteelsunderquasistagnantconditions.Earlierexperimentsonunclad
compacttensionspecimensofthisheatofsteeldidnotexhibitEAC,andthepresentexperimentsonsemi
ellipticalsurfacecrackspenetratingcladdingalsodidnotexhibitEAC.
167.FY13FCRDMilestoneM3FT13OR0202311WeldabilityofORNLAccidentTolerantFuelCladdingModel
AlloysForThinWalledTubes(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/1149392)
Field,KevinGGussev,MaximNYamamoto,Yukinori
20130701
FerriticFeCrAlbasedalloysshowincreasedoxidationresistanceforaccidenttolerantapplicationsasfuel
cladding.ThisstudyfocusesoninvestigatingtheweldabilityofthreemodelFeCrAlalloyswithvaryingalloy
compositionsusinglaserweldingtechniques.Adetailedstudyofthemechanicalpropertiesofbeadon
plateweldswasusedtodeterminethequalityofweldsasafunctionofalloycomposition.Laserwelding
resultedindefectfreeweldsdevoidofcrackingorinclusions.Initialresultsindicateareductionintheyield
strengthofweldmentscomparedtothebasematerialduetodistinctchangesinthemicrostructurewithin
thefusionzone.Althoughalossofyieldstrengthwasobserved,therewasnosignificantdifferenceinthe
magnitudeofthetensilepropertychangeswithvaryingCrorAlcontent.Also,therewasnoevidenceof
embrittlementthematerialinthefusionzonesdemonstratedductilebehaviorwithhighlocalductility.
168.Electroslagandelectrogaswelding(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19740022833)
Campbell,H.C.
19720101
Thesetwonewjoiningmethodsperformweldingintheverticalposition,andthereinliesthesecretoftheir
impressiveadvantagesinmaterialhandling,inweldpreparation,inweldingspeed,infreedomfrom
distortion,andinweldsoundness.Oncetheworkhasbeensetintheproperverticalpositionforwelding,
nofurtherplatehandlingisrequired.Themoltenfillermetalisheldinplacebycoppershoesordams,and
theweldiscompletedinonepass.
169.Nuclearfuelelementshavingacompositecladding(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/864710)
Gordon,GeraldM.Cowan,II,RobertL.Davies,JohnH.
19830920
Animprovednuclearfuelelementisdisclosedforuseinthecoreofnuclearreactors.Theimprovednuclear
fuelelementhasacompositecladdingofanouterportionformingasubstratehavingontheinsidesurface
ametallayerselectedfromthegroupconsistingofcopper,nickel,ironandalloysoftheforegoingwitha
gapbetweenthecompositecladdingandthecoreofnuclearfuel.Thenuclearfuelelementcomprisesa
containeroftheelongatedcompositecladding,acentralcoreofabodyofnuclearfuelmaterialdisposedin
andpartiallyfillingthecontainerandforminganinternalcavityinthecontainer,anenclosureintegrally
securedandsealedateachendofsaidcontainerandanuclearfuelmaterialretainingmeanspositionedin
thecavity.Themetallayerofthecompositecladdingpreventsperforationsorfailuresinthecladding
substratefromstresscorrosioncrackingorfromfuelpelletcladdinginteractionorboth.Thesubstrateof
thecompositecladdingisselectedfromconventionalcladdingmaterialsandpreferablyisazirconiumalloy.
170.Realcelloverlaymeasurementthroughdesignbasedmetrology(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgibin/nph
data_query?bibcode=2014SPIE.9050E..1OY&link_type=ABSTRACT)
Yoo,GyunKim,JungchanPark,ChanhaLee,TaehyeongJi,SunkeunJo,GyoyeonYang,HyunjoYim,
DonggyuYamamoto,MasahiroMaruyama,KotaroPark,Byungjun
20140401
Untilrecentdevicenodes,lithographyhasbeenstrugglingtoimproveitsresolutionlimit.Eventhoughnext
generationlithographytechnologyisnowfacingvariousdifficulties,severalinnovativeresolution
enhancementtechnologies,basedon193nmwavelength,wereintroducedandimplementedtokeepthe
trendofdevicescaling.Scannermakerskeepdevelopingstateoftheartexposuresystemwhich
guaranteeshigherproductivityandmeetsamoreaggressiveoverlayspecification."Thescalingreduction
oftheoverlayerrorhasbeenasimplematterofthecapabilityofexposuretools.However,itisclearthat
thescannercontributionsmaynolongerbethemajoritycomponentintotaloverlayperformance.The
abilitytocontrolcorrectableoverlaycomponentsisparamounttoachievethedesiredperformance.(2)"Ina
manufacturingfab,theoverlayerror,determinedbyaconventionaloverlaymeasurement:byusingan
overlaymarkbasedonIBOandDBO,oftendoesnotrepresentthephysicalplacementerrorinthecellarea
ofamemorydevice.Themismatchmayarisefromthesizeorpitchdifferencebetweentheoverlaymark
andthecellpattern.Patterndistortion,causedbyetchingorCMP,alsocanbeasourceofthemismatch.
Therefore,therequirementofadirectoverlaymeasurementinthecellpatterngraduallyincreasesinthe
manufacturingfield,andalsointhedevelopmentlevel.Inordertoovercomethemismatchbetween
conventionaloverlaymeasurementandtherealplacementerroroflayertolayerinthecellareaofa
memorydevice,wesuggestanalternativeoverlaymeasurementmethodutilizingbydesign,based
metrologytool.Abasicconceptofthismethodisshowninfigure1.ACDSEMmeasurementoftheoverlay
errorbetweenlayer1and2couldbetheidealmethodbutittakestoolongtimetoextractalotofdatafrom
waferlevel.AnEbeambasedDBMtoolprovideshighspeedtocoverthewholewaferwithhigh
repeatability.Itisenabledbyusingthedesignasa
171.Flawdensityexaminationsofacladboilingwaterreactorpressurevesselsegment
Cook,K.V.McClung,R.W.
19860101
Flawdensityisthegreatestuncertaintyinvolvedinprobabilisticanalysesofreactorpressurevesselfailure.
AspartoftheHeavySectionSteelTechnology(HSST)Program,studieshavebeenconductedto
determineflawdensityinasectionofreactorpressurevesselcutfromtheHopeCreekUnit2vessel
(nominally0.7by3m(2by10ft)).Thissection(removedfromthescrappedvesselthatwasneverin
service)wasevaluatednondestructivelytodeterminetheasfabricatedstatus.Wehadfourprimary
objectives:(1)evaluatelongitudinalandgirthweldsforflawswithmanualultrasonics,(2)evaluatethezone
underthenominal6.3mm(0.25in.)cladforcracking(againwithmanualultrasonics),(3)evaluatethe
claddingforcrackswithahighsensitivityfluorescentpenetrantmethod,and(4)determinethesourceof
indicationsdetected.
172.Refractiveindexsensitivityofopticalfiberlossymoderesonancesensorsbasedonatomiclayerdeposited
TiOxthinoverlay(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9916E..1GB)
Burnat,DariuszKoba,MarcinWachnicki,ukaszGieratowska,SylwiaGodlewski,Marekmietana,
Mateusz
20160501
Thisworkpresentsanopticalfiberrefractiveindexsensorsbasedonlossymoderesonance(LMR)effect
supportedbytitaniumoxide(TiOx)thinoverlay.TheTiOxoverlaysofdifferentthicknessweredepositedon
coreofpolymercladsilica(PCS)fibersusingatomiclayerdeposition(ALD)method.Basedonnumerical
simulations,anumberofstructuresdifferinginthelocationofexposedcoreareaandthethicknessofTiOx
coatingsweredesigned.Forfabricatedstructuresthespectralresponsetoexternalrefractiveindex(next)
wasmeasured.Themaximumsensitivityreaches634.2nm/RIU(nextrange:1.3571.402RIUTiOx
coatingthickness:260.9nminvestigatedspectralrange:500800nm)andithighlydependsonthethin
filmthickness.
173.Amapoverlayerrormodelbasedonboundarygeometry(http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70029680)
USGSPublicationsWarehouse(http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv)
Gaeuman,D.Symanzik,J.Schmidt,J.C.
20050101
Anerrormodelforquantifyingthemagnitudesandvariabilityoferrorsgeneratedintheareasofpolygons
duringspatialoverlayofvectorgeographicinformationsystemlayersispresented.Numericalsimulationof
polygonboundarydisplacementswasusedtopropagatecoordinateerrorstospatialoverlays.Themodel
departsfrommostpreviouserrormodelsinthatitincorporatesspatialdependenceofcoordinateerrorsat
thescaleoftheboundarysegment.Itcanbereadilyadaptedtomatchthescaleoferrorboundary
interactionsresponsibleforerrorgenerationonagivenoverlay.Theareaoferrorgeneratedbyoverlay
dependsonthesinuosityofpolygonboundaries,aswellasthemagnitudeofthecoordinateerrorsonthe
inputlayers.Asymmetryinboundaryshapehasrelativelylittleeffectonerrorgeneration.Overlayerrorsare
affectedbyrealdifferencesinboundarypositionsontheinputlayers,aswellaserrorsintheboundary
positions.Realdifferencesbetweeninputlayerstendtocompensateformuchoftheerrorgeneratedby
coordinateerrors.Thus,theareaofchangemeasuredonanoverlaylayerproducedbytheXORoverlay
operationwillbemoreaccurateiftheareaofrealchangedepictedontheoverlayislarge.Themodel
presentedhereconsiderstheseinteractions,makingitespeciallyusefulforestimatingerrorsstudiesof
landscapechangeovertime.??2005TheOhioStateUniversity.
174.WELDINGAPPARATUS(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/4733762)
Correy,T.B.DeWitt,D.E.Nelson,I.V.
19630423
Thispatentcoversanarrangementforreplacingairinaweldingchamberwithaninertgas.Thisoperation
usuallyistimeconsumingbecauseofthetendencyoftheinertgastomixwiththeairbeingremovedfrom
theweldingchamber.Thechamberisopenatthebottomandhasatitstopacoverandaporousplatea
littlebelowthecover.Theinertgasisadmittedtothechamberthroughtwoscreenedopeningsinthecover.
Onpassingthroughtheporousplate,thegasactsasapistonextendingacrossthechamberandmoving
downwardlytoexpeltheairthroughtheloweropenendofthechamber,withaminimumofmixingwiththe
airbeingexpelled.(AEC)
175.WELDINGPROCESS(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/4341786)
Zambrow,J.Hausner,H.
19570924
Amethodofjoiningmetalpartsforthepreparationofrelativelylong,thinfuelelementcoresofuraniumor
alloysthereoffornuclearreactorsisdescribed.Theprocessincludesthestepsofcleaningthesurfacesto
bejointed,placingthesunfacestogether,andprovidingbetweenandincontactwiththem,alayerofa
compoundinfinelydividedformthatisdecomposabletometalbyheat.Thefuelelementmembersare
thenheatedatthecontactzoneandmaintainedunderpressureduringtheheatingtodecomposethe
compoundtometalandsinterthemembersandreducedmetaltogetherproducingaweld.Thepreferred
classofdecomposablecompoundsarethemetalhydridessuchasuraniumhydride,whichrelease
hydrogenthusprovidingareducingatmosphereinthevicinityoftheweldingoperation.
176.Weldpoolphenomena(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/10183517)
David,S.A.Vitek,J.M.Zacharia,T.DebRoy,T.
19940901
Duringwelding,thecomposition,structureandpropertiesoftheweldedstructureareaffectedbythe
interactionoftheheatsourcewiththemetal.Theinteractionaffectsthefluidflow,heattransferandmass
transferintheweldpool,andthesolidificationbehavioroftheweldmetal.Inrecentyears,therehasbeena
growingrecognitionoftheimportanceoftheweldpooltransportprocessesandthesolidstate
transformationreactionsindeterminingthecomposition,structureandpropertiesoftheweldedstructure.
Therelationbetweentheweldpooltransportprocessesandthecompositionandstructureisreviewed.
Recentapplicationsofvarioussolidificationtheoriestoweldingareexaminedtounderstandthespecial
problemsofweldmetalsolidification.Thediscussionisfocussedontheimportantproblemsandissues
relatedtoweldpooltransportphenomenaandsolidification.Resolutionoftheseproblemswouldbean
importantsteptowardsasciencebasedcontrolofcomposition,structureandpropertiesoftheweldmetal.
177.FrictionStirWelding(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110004373)
Nunes,ArthurC.,Jr.
20080101
Frictionstirwelding(FSW)isasolidstateweldingprocessinventedin1991atTheWeldingInstituteinthe
UnitedKingdom.AweldismadeintheFSWprocessbytranslatingarotatingpinalongaweldseamsoas
tostirthesidesoftheseamtogether.FSWavoidsdeleteriouseffectsinherentinmeltingandpromisesto
beanimportantweldingprocessforanyindustrieswhereweldsofoptimalqualityaredemanded.This
articleprovidesanintroductiontotheFSWprocess.Thechiefconcernisthephysicaleffectofthetoolon
theweldmetal:howweldseambondingtakesplace,whatkindofweldstructureisgenerated,potential
problems,possibledefectsforexample,andimplicationsforprocessparametersandtooldesign.Weld
propertiesaredeterminedbystructure,andthestructureoffrictionstirweldsisdeterminedbytheweld
metalflowfieldinthevicinityoftheweldtool.Metalflowinthevicinityoftheweldtoolisexplainedthrougha
simplekinematicflowmodelthatdecomposestheflowfieldintothreebasiccomponentflows:auniform
translation,arotatingsolidcylinder,andaringvortexencirclingthetool.Theflowcomponents,superposed
toconstructtheflowmodel,canberelatedtoparticularaspectsofweldprocessparametersandtool
designtheyprovideabridgetoanunderstandingofacomplexatfirstglanceweldstructure.Torquesand
forcesarealsodiscussed.Somesimplemathematicalmodelsofstructuralaspects,torques,andforcesare
included.
178.Improvingtextrecognitionbydistinguishingsceneandoverlaytext(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgibin/nph
data_query?bibcode=2015SPIE.9445E..09Q&link_type=ABSTRACT)
Quehl,BernhardYang,HaojinSack,Harald
20150201
Videotextsarecloselyrelatedtothecontentofavideo.Theyprovideavaluablesourceforindexingand
interpretationofvideodata.Textdetectionandrecognitiontaskinimagesorvideostypicallydistinguished
betweenoverlayandscenetext.Overlaytextisartificiallysuperimposedontheimageatthetimeofediting
andscenetextistextcapturedbytherecordingsystem.Typically,OCRsystemsarespecializedonone
kindoftexttype.However,invideoimagesbothtypesoftextcanbefound.Inthispaper,weproposea
methodtoautomaticallydistinguishbetweenoverlayandscenetexttodynamicallycontrolandoptimize
postprocessingstepsfollowingtextdetection.BasedonafeaturecombinationaSupportVectorMachine
(SVM)istrainedtoclassifysceneandoverlaytext.Weshowhowthisdistinctioninoverlayandscenetext
improvesthewordrecognitionrate.Accuracyoftheproposedmethodshasbeenevaluatedbyusing
publiclyavailabletestdatasets.
179.Developmentoftechnologiesforweldinginterconnectstofiftymicronthicksiliconsolarcells
(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19830014471)
Patterson,R.E.
19820101
Aprogramwasconductedtodeveloptechnologiesforweldinginterconnectsto50micronsthick,2by2cm
solarcells.Thecellswerecharacterizedwithrespecttoelectricalperformance,cellthickness,silvercontact
thickness,contactwaviness,bowing,andfracturestrength.Weldscheduleswereindependentlydeveloped
foreachofthethreecelltypesandwerecoincidentallyidentical.Thermalshocktests(100cyclesfrom100
Cto180C)wereperformedon16cellcouponsforeachcelltypewithoutanyweldjointfailuresor
electricaldegradation.Three48cellmodules(oneforeachcelltype)wereassembledwith50micronsthick
cells,frostedfusedsilicacovers,silvercladInvarinterconnectors,andKaptonsubstrates.
180.IntroductiontoWelding.(http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED271557.pdf)
Fortney,ClarenceGregory,Mike
Thiscurriculumguideprovidessixunitsofinstructiononbasicwelding.Addressedintheindividualunitsof
instructionarethefollowingtopics:employmentopportunitiesforwelders,weldingsafetyandfirstaid,
weldingtoolsandequipment,basicmetalsandmetallurgy,basicmathandmeasuring,andproceduresfor
applyingforaweldingjob.
7 8 9 10 11
8 9 10 11 12
181.Detectionofcracksundercladdingusingmagnetoopticimagingandrotatinginplanemagnetization
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996SPIE.2947..106F)
Fitzpatrick,GeraldL.Skaugset,RichardL.Thome,DavidK.Shih,WilliamC.
19961101
Conventionalnondestructiveinspection(NDI)ofsteelcomponents,usingmagneticparticle,fluxleakageor
nearsurfaceultrasonicmethods,isrendereddifficultbythepresenceofprotectivecoatingssuchaspaint
orstainlesssteelcladding.Thicksectionnuclearreactorpressurevessels(RPVs),havingaswelded
claddingupto0.25inchesthickareacaseinpoint.Here,magneticparticletechniquesdonotworkand
ultrasonictechniquesaredifficulttoapplybecauseofcladdingroughensandvariableelasticpropertiesin
thecladdingandtheweldinterface.AnNDItechniquethatisessentiallyunaffectedbystandardthicknesses
ofprotectivecoatingswouldbeamajoradvance.Magnetoopticimagingisonesuchtechnique.While
conventionalmagnetooptic/eddycurrentimagers(MOIs)areaproventechnologyintheNDIof
nonferromagneticconductors,theydonotpossessaselfcontainedmethodformagnetizingsteel.The
purposeofthisworkwastodevelopmethodsforproducingrotating,inplanemagnetizationandthen
combinethistechnologywithmagnetoopticimagingtoproduceaselfcontainedinstrumentcapableof
realtimeimagingofcracksinsteelthroughprotectivecoatings.Wesuccessfullydemonstratedrotatingin
planemagnetizationusingspecial'quadrature'magneticyokesdesignedtoaccommodatebothflatand
cylindricalsteelsurfaces.Theyokeswereattachedoneatatime,toanMOIofreducedsize,andthe
combinedsystemwasplacedonasampleoftheappropriatecurvaturecontainingcracks.Atwochannel
poweramplifierwasusedtodrivetheyokecoilsinquadrature.Theresultingcrackimageswerefoundto
bemuchlesssensitivetoliftoffthanconventionalmagneticparticleorfluxleakageNDI.Inparticular,cracks
insteelweresuccessfullyimagedthrough0.125inchesofstainlesssteelcladding,makingitlikelythat
imagesofcracksinsteelundereventhickercladdingshouldbepossibleafterfurtherdevelopmentofthe
technology.Unlike
182.TestingofuraniumnitridefuelinT111claddingat1200Kcladdingtemperature
Rohal,R.G.Tambling,T.N.Smith,R.L.
19730101
Twogroupsofsixfuelpinseachwereassembled,encapsulated,andirradiatedinthePlumBrookReactor.
Thefuelpinsemployeduraniummononitride(UN)inatantalumalloyclad.Thefirstgroupoffuelpinswas
irradiatedfor1500hourstoamaximumburnupof0.7atompercenturanium.Thesecondgroupoffuel
pinswasirradiatedforabout3000hourstoamaximumburnupof1.0atompercenturanium.Theaverage
cladsurfacetemperatureduringirradiationofbothgroupsoffuelpinswasapproximately1200K.The
postirradiationexaminationrevealedthefollowing:nocladfailuresorfuelswellingoccurredlessthan1
percentofthefissiongasesescapedfromthefuelandthecladofthefirstgroupoffuelpinsexperienced
cladembrittlementwhereasthesecondgroup,whichhadmodifiedassemblyandfabricationproceduresto
minimizecontamination,hadaductilecladafterirradiation.
183.Envelopmenttechniqueandtopographicoverlaysinbitemarkanalysis
(http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4714405)
Djeapragassam,ParimalaDaniel,MariappanJonathanSrinivasan,SubramanianVasudevanRamadoss,
KoliyanJimsha,VannathanKumaran
20150101
AimsandObjectives:Theaimsandobjectivesofourstudyweretocomparefoursequentialoverlays
generatedusingtheenvelopmenttechniqueandtoevaluateinterandintraoperatorreliabilityofthe
overlaysobtainedbytheenvelopmenttechnique.MaterialsandMethods:Dentalstonemodelswere
preparedfromimpressionsmadefromhealthyindividualsphotographsweretakenandcomputerassisted
overlaysweregenerated.Themodelswerethenenvelopedinadifferentcolordentalstone.Afterthis,four
sequentialcutsweremadeatathicknessof1mmeach.Eachsectionalcutwasphotographedandoverlays
weregenerated.Thus,125overlaysweregeneratedandcompared.Results:Thescoringwasdonebased
onmatchingaccuracyandthedatawereanalyzed.TheKruskalWallisonewayanalysisofvariance
(ANOVA)testwasusedtocomparefoursequentialoverlaysandSpearman'srankcorrelationtestswere
usedtoevaluatetheinterandintraoperatorreliabilityoftheoverlaysobtainedbytheenvelopment
technique.Conclusion:Throughourstudy,weconcludethatthethirdandfourthcutswerethebestamong
thefourcutsandinterandintraoperatorreliabilitywerefoundtobestatisticallysignificantat5%levelthat
is95%confidenceinterval(P<0.05).PMID:26816458
184.OpticalWeldingTorch(http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
R=19870000149&hterms=torch&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dtorch)
Richardson,R.W.
19870101
Gas/tungstenarcweldingtorchsupportselectrodeatcenterwhileenablingviewingofweldareaalong
torchaxis.Gastorchaccommodateslensandopticalfibers,allpartofvisionsystemforweldingrobot.
Weldingtorchincludesspokedstructureincentralboreofopticalbody.Structuresupportswelding
electrode,carrieselectriccurrenttoit,andtakesheatawayfromit.Spokesformedbydrillingsixholes60
degreesapartaroundcenterlineoftorch.
185.AdvancedWeldingApplications(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100021000)
Ding,RobertJ.
20100101
Someoftheapplicationsofadvancedweldingtechniquesareshowninthisposterpresentation.Included
arebriefexplanationsoftheuseontheAresIandAresVlaunchvehicleandontheSpaceShuttleLaunch
vehicle.Alsoincludedaremicrostructuralviewsfromfouradvancedweldingtechniques:VariablePolarity
PlasmaArc(VPPA)weld(fusion),selfreactingfrictionstirwelding(SRFSW),conventionalFSW,andTube
SocketWeld(TSW)onaluminum.
186.ReductionofLiquidCladFormationDuetoSolidStateDiffusioninCladBrazingSheet
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MMTB..tmp..233B)
Benoit,MichaelJ.Whitney,MarkA.Wells,MaryA.Winkler,Sooky
20160901
Warmformingoperationshaveshownpromiseinexpandingautomotiveheatexchangerdesignsby
increasingforminglimitsofcladbrazingsheet.Theimpactofisothermalholdsbelowthecladmelting
temperatureonsubsequentbrazeabilityhasnotpreviouslybeenstudiedindetail.Theeffectoftheseholds
onbrazeability,asmeasuredbythecladthicknesslossduetosolidstatediffusionofSioutofthecladlayer
priortocladmelting,wasassessedthroughparallelDSCandopticalmicroscopymeasurements,aswellas
throughtheuseofapreviouslydevelopedmodel.EPMAmeasurementswerealsoperformedtosupport
theothermeasures.Overall,thesametrendswerepredictedbyDSC,microscopy,andthetheoretical
modelhowever,theDSCpredictionswereunabletoaccuratelypredictremainingcladthicknesspriorto
melting,evenaftercorrectingthedataforcladcoreinteractions.Microscopymeasurementsshowedvery
goodagreementwiththemodelpredictions,althoughtherewereslightdiscrepanciesatshortholdtimes
duetotheinabilityofthemodeltoaccountforcladlossduringheatingtothebrazingtemperature.Further
microscopymeasurementsshowedthatwhentheheatingrateissetbelowacriticalvalue,thereisa
reductioninthecladthicknessfromtheasreceivedcondition.
187.GSGGedgecladdingdevelopment:Finaltechnicalreport
Izumitani,T.Meissner,H.E.Toratani,H.
19861115
Theobjectivesofthisprojecthavebeen:(1)InvestigatethepossibilityofchemicaletchingofGSGGcrystal
slabstoobtainincreasedstrength.(2)Designandconstructasimplifiedmoldassemblyforcastingcladding
glasstotheedgesofcrystalslabsofdifferentdimensions.(3)Conductcastingexperimentstoevaluatethe
redesignedmoldassemblyandtodeterminestressesasfunctionofthermalexpansioncoefficientof
claddingglass.(4)CladlargersizesofGGGslabsastheybecomeavailable.Thesetaskshavebeen
achieved.ChemicaletchingofGSGGslabsdoesnotappearpossiblewithanyotheracidthanH/sub
3/PO/sub4/attemperaturesabove300/sup0/C.Amoldassemblyhasbeenconstructedwhichallowed
castingcladdingglassaroundtheedgesofthelargestGGGslabsavailable(10x20x160mm)without
causingbreakagethroughtheannealingstep.
188.MultiresponseoptimizationofCO2laserweldingprocessofausteniticstainlesssteel
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008OptLT..40...76B)
Benyounis,K.Y.Olabi,A.G.Hashmi,M.S.J.
20080201
Recently,laserweldingofausteniticstainlesssteelhasreceivedgreatattentioninindustry.Thisisduetoits
widespreadapplicationinpetroleumrefinementstations,powerplants,thepharmaceuticalindustryand
alsoinhouseholds.Therefore,mechanicalpropertiesshouldbecontrolledtoobtaingoodweldedjoints.
Theweldingprocessshouldbeoptimizedbythepropermathematicalmodels.Inthisresearch,thetensile
strengthandimpactstrengthalongwiththejointoperatingcostoflaserweldedbuttjointsmadeofAISI304
wasinvestigated.Designexpertsoftwarewasusedtoestablishthedesignmatrixandtoanalyzethe
experimentaldata.Therelationshipsbetweenthelaserweldingparameters(laserpower,weldingspeed
andfocalpointposition)andthethreeresponses(tensilestrength,impactstrengthandjointoperatingcost)
wereestablished.Also,theoptimizationcapabilitiesindesignexpertsoftwarewereusedtooptimizethe
weldingprocess.Thedevelopedmathematicalmodelsweretestedforadequacyusinganalysisofvariance
andotheradequacymeasures.Inthisinvestigation,theoptimalweldingconditionswereidentifiedinorder
toincreasetheproductivityandminimizethetotaloperatingcost.Overlaygraphswereplottedby
superimposingthecontoursforthevariousresponsesurfaces.Theprocessparameterseffectwas
determinedandtheoptimalweldingcombinationsweretabulated.
189.Asphalticconcreteoverlaysofrigidandflexiblepavements(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgibin/nph
data_query?bibcode=1980ldtd.rept.....K&link_type=ABSTRACT)
Kinchen,R.W.Temple,W.H.
19801001
Thedevelopmentofamechanisticapproachtooverlaythicknessselectionisdescribed.Theprocedure
utilizesadeflectionanalysistodeterminepavementrehabilitationneeds.Designguidesforselectingthe
overlaythicknessarepresented.Tolerabledeflectiontrafficloadrelationshipsandthedeflection
attenuationpropertiesofasphalticconcreteweredeveloped,representingthesubgradesupportconditions
andpropertiesofmaterialsusedinLouisiana.Alldeflectionmeasurementsonasphalticconcretewere
correctedfortheeffectoftemperature.Deflectionmeasurementstakenbeforeandafteroverlaywerealso
adjustedtominimizetheeffectsofseasonalsubgrademoisturevariation.
190.Doublecladnuclearfuelsafetyrod(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/865156)
McCarthy,WilliamH.Atcheson,DonaldB.Vaidyanathan,Swaminathan
19840101
Adeviceforshuttingdownanuclearreactorduringanundercoolingoroverpowerevent,whetherornotthe
reactor'sscramsystemoperatesproperly.Thisisaccomplishedbydoublecladfuelsafetyrodspositioned
atvariouslocationsthroughoutthereactorcore,whereinmeltingofasecondaryinternalcladdingoftherod
allowsthefuelcolumnthereintoshiftfromthereactorcoretoplacethereactorinasubcriticalcondition.
191.Theprocessingandevaluationofcladmetals(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993JOM....45f..35F)
Forster,JamesA.Jha,SunilAmatruda,Andrew
19930601
Cladmetalsareaspecificformofcompositesinwhichthematerialsarearrangedinalayeredstructure.
Coldrollbondingtechniquesareemployedtoproducemorethan20,000tonnesofcladmetallaminates
eachyearintheUnitedStates.Thisarticleisanintroductorydescriptionoftheprocessingstepsincoldroll
bonding,thenatureofthebondcreatedinthisprocess,andthemethodsusedtoevaluatethebond's
strength.
192.TelevisionMonitoringSystemforWelding(http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
R=19860000094&hterms=television&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dtelevision)
Vallow,K.Gordon,S.
19860101
Weldingprocessinvisuallyinaccessiblespotsviewedandrecorded.Televisionsystemenablesmonitoring
ofweldinginvisuallyinaccessiblelocations.Systemassistsweldingoperationsandprovidevideorecord,
usedforweldanalysisandweldertraining.
193.WeldingisotopicheatsourcesforthecassinimissiontoSaturn(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/115463)
FrancoFerreira,E.A.George,T.G.
19941231
In1997NASAwilllaunchtheCassiniscientificprobetotheplanetSaturn.Electricpowerforthisprobewill
beprovidedbyradioisotopethermoelecricgeneratorsthermallydrivenbygeneralpurposeheatsource
modules.Eachmodulecontainsfour,150gpelletsof{sup238}PuO{sub2},individuallyencapsulated
withinathinwalliridiumalloyshell.FortheGalileo/Ulyssesmissions,assemblyandweldingtookan
averageof90minpercapsule.theworkwasdoneinahotcellandthepotentialforpersonnelradiation
exposurewasnotundulyhigh.Theiridiumalloy,fromwhichthecladcupsaremade,containsasmall
amountofthoriumtoimproveductilityandminimizegraingrowth.Ithasbeenshownthatthethorium
contributestohotshortnesswhichcausedsignificantweldcrackingduringGalileo/Ulyssesproduction.
programrequirementsdictatedthatalloperationsprovidehighlevelsofprocessqualityassurance.Asa
result,theweldingsystemwasconfiguredtoacquirecopiousamountsofdigitizedQAinformation.Early
productionoperationoftheweldingsystemshasproventheabilitytomeetallprogramgoals.Forexample,
inthecourseofmakingapproximately60girthweldsduringprocedurequalificationandsafetyimpact
testing,norejectablewelddefectshavebeenfound.
194.EffectofUltrasonicPeeningandAcceleratedCorrosionExposureontheResidualStressDistributionin
WeldedMarineSteel(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MMTA...46.1214A)
Ahmad,BilalFitzpatrick,MichaelE.
20150301
SpecimensofDH36marinesteelwerepreparedwithweldedattachments.Residualstressmeasurements
weremadeonthesamplesaswelded,followinganultrasonicpeeningtreatment,andfollowingaccelerated
corrosionexposureafterultrasonicpeening.Neutrondiffractionandthecontourmethodwereusedfor
determiningtheresidualstressprofiles.Theweldingintroducestensilenearsurfaceresidualstress,
approachingthematerialyieldstrength,andtheultrasonicpeeningoverlaysthiswithacompressive
residualstress.Materialremovalbycorrosiondecreasesthepeaksurfacecompressivestressslightly,by
removalofalayerofstressedmaterial,butdoesnotcausesignificantredistributionoftheresidualstress
profile.
195.TheInterplanetaryOverlayNetworkingProtocolAccelerator(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080048006)
Pang,JacksonTorgerson,JordanL.Clare,LorenP.
20080101
AdocumentdescribestheInterplanetaryOverlayNetworkingProtocolAccelerator(IONAC)anelectronic
apparatus,nowunderdevelopment,forrelayingdataathighratesinspacecraftandinterplanetaryradio
communicationsystemsutilizingadelaytolerantnetworkingprotocol.Theprotocolincludesprovisionsfor
transmissionandreceptionofdatainbundles(essentially,messages),transferofcustodyofabundletoa
recipientrelaystationateachstepofarelay,andreturnreceipts.Becauseoflimitationsonenergy
resourcesavailableforsuchrelays,dataratesattainableinaconventionalsoftwareimplementationofthe
protocolarelowerthanthoseneeded,atanygivenreasonableenergyconsumptionrate.Therefore,a
maingoalindevelopingtheIONACistoreducetheenergyconsumptionbyanorderofmagnitudeandthe
datathroughputcapabilitybytwoordersofmagnitude.TheIONACprototypeisafieldprogrammablegate
arraythatservesasareconfigurablehybrid(hardware/firmware)systemforimplementationofthe
protocol.Theprototypecandecode108,000bundlespersecondandencode100,000bundlespersecond.
Itincludesabundlecachestaticrandomaccessmemorythatenablesmaintenanceofathroughputof
2.7Gb/s,andanEthernetconvergencelayerthatsupportsaduplexthroughputof1Gb/s.
196.Laserweldjig(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/6585658)
Haupt,D.L.VanBlarigan,P.
19821109
Asystemisprovidedforweldingaworkpiecealongapredeterminedweldlinethatmaybeofirregular
shape,whichincludesthestepofformingalipontheworkpiecetoextendparalleltotheweldline,and
movingtheworkpiecebyengagingthelipbetweenapairofrotatablemembers.Rotationofoneofthe
membersataconstantspeed,causestheworkpiecetomovesothatallpointsontheweldlinesequentially
passafixedpointinspaceataconstantspeed,sothatalaserweldingbeamcanbedirectedatthatfixed
pointtoformaweldalongtheweldline.Theworkpiececanincludeareuseablejigformingthelip,andwith
thejigconstructedtodetachablyholdpartstobeweldedatapositionwhereintheweldlineoftheparts
extendsparalleltotheliponthejig.
197.Laserweldjig(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/864393)
VanBlarigan,PeterHaupt,DavidL.
19820101
Asystemisprovidedforweldingaworkpiece(10,FIG.1)alongapredeterminedweldline(12)thatmaybe
ofirregularshape,whichincludesthestepofformingalip(32)ontheworkpiecetoextendparalleltothe
weldline,andmovingtheworkpiecebyengagingthelipbetweenapairofrotatablemembers(34,36).
Rotationofoneofthemembersataconstantspeed,causestheworkpiecetomovesothatallpointson
theweldlinesequentiallypassafixedpointinspace(17)ataconstantspeed,sothatalaserweldingbeam
canbedirectedatthatfixedpointtoformaweldalongtheweldline.Theworkpiececanincludea
reuseablejig(24)formingthelip,andwiththejigconstructedtodetachablyholdparts(22,20)tobe
weldedatapositionwhereintheweldlineofthepartsextendsparalleltotheliponthejig.
198.Weldedsolarcellinterconnection(http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
R=19840040178&hterms=interconnection&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dinterconnection)
Stofel,E.J.Browne,E.R.Meese,R.A.Vendura,G.J.
19820101
Theefficiencyoftheweldingofsolarcellinterconnectsiscomparedwiththeefficiencyofsolderingsuch
interconnects,andthecasesinwhichweldingmaybesuperiorareexamined.Emphasisisplacedon
ultrasonicweldingattentionisgiventothesolarcellweldingmachine,theapplicationofthewelding
processtodifferentsolarcellconfigurations,producibility,andlonglifeperformanceofwelded
interconnects.Muchofthepresentworkhasbeendirectedtowardprovidingincreasedconfidenceinthe
reliabilityofweldingusingconditionsapproximatingthosethatwouldoccurwithlargescalearray
production.Itisconcludedthatthereisasyetinsufficientdatatodeterminewhichofthreemethods
(soldering,parallelgapwelding,andultrasonicwelding)providesthelongestdurationsolarpanellife.
199.AugmentingrealityinDirectViewOptical(DVO)overlayapplications
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014SPIE.9086E..0BH)
Hogan,TimEdwards,Tim
20140601
TheintegrationofoverlaydisplaysintoriflescopescantransformprecisionDirectViewOptical(DVO)
sightsintointelligentinteractivefirecontrolsystems.Overlaydisplayscanprovideballisticsolutionswithin
thesightfordramaticallyimprovedtargeting,canfusesensorvideotoextendtargetingintonighttimeor
dirtybattlefieldconditions,andcanoverlaycomplexsituationalawarenessinformationovertherealworld
scene.Highbrightnessoverlaysolutionsfordismountedsoldierapplicationshavepreviouslybeenhindered
byexcessivepowerconsumption,weightandbulkmakingthemunsuitableformanportable,battery
poweredapplications.Thispaperdescribestheadvancementsandcapabilitiesofahighbrightness,ultra
lowpowertextandgraphicsoverlaydisplaymoduledevelopedspecificallyforintegrationintoDVOweapon
sightapplications.Centraltotheoverlaydisplaymodulewasthedevelopmentofanewgeneralpurpose
lowpowergraphicscontrolleranddualpathdisplaydriverelectronics.Thegraphicscontrollerinterfaceisa
simple2wireRS232serialinterfacecompatiblewithexistingweaponsystemssuchastheIBEAMballistic
computerandtheRULRandSTORMlaserrangefinders(LRF).Themodulefeaturesincludemultiple
graphicslayers,userconfigurablefontsandicons,andparameterizedvectorrendering,makingitsuitable
forgeneralpurposeDVOoverlayapplications.Themoduleisconfiguredforgraphicsonlyoperationfor
daytimeuseandoverlaysgraphicswithvideofornighttimeapplications.Theminiaturefootprintandultra
lowpowerconsumptionofthemoduleenablesanewgenerationofintelligentDVOsystemsandhasbeen
implementedforresolutionsfromVGAtoSXGA,inmonochromeandcolor,andingraphicsapplications
withandwithoutsensorvideo.
200.Fusionweldingprocess(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/864598)
Thomas,KennethC.Jones,EricD.McBride,MarvinA.
19830101
Aprocessforthefusionweldingofnickelalloysteelmemberswhereinaferritecontainingpelletisinserted
intoacavityinonememberandmeltedbyaweldingtorch.Theresultingweldnugget,afusionofthenickel
containingalloyfromthememberstobeweldedandthepellet,hasacompositionwhichissufficientlylow
innickelcontentsuchthatferritephasesoccurwithintheweldnugget,resultinginimprovedweld
properties.Thesteelalloysencompassedalsoincludealloyscontainingcarbonandmanganese,
considerednickelequivalents.
8 9 10 11 12
9 10 11 12 13
201.Overlayimprovementsusingarealtimemachinelearningalgorithm(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgibin/nph
data_query?bibcode=2014SPIE.9050E..1SS&link_type=ABSTRACT)
SchmittWeaver,EmilKubis,MichaelHenke,WolfgangSlotboom,DaanHoogenboom,TomMulkens,
JanCoogans,MartyntenBerge,PeterVerkleij,DickvandeMast,Frank
20140401
Whilesemiconductormanufacturingismovingtowardsthe14nmnodeusingimmersionlithography,the
overlayrequirementsaretightenedtobelow5nm.Nexttoimprovementsintheimmersionscanner
platform,enhancementsintheoverlayoptimizationandprocesscontrolareneededtoenabletheselow
overlaynumbers.Whereasconventionaloverlaycontrolmethodsaddresswaferandlotvariation
autonomouslywithwaferpreexposurealignmentmetrologyandpostexposureoverlaymetrology,wesee
aneedtoreducethesevariationsbycorrelatingmoreoftheTWINSCANsystem'ssensordatadirectlyto
thepostexposureYieldStarmetrologyintime.Inthispaperwewillpresenttheresultsofastudyon
applyingarealtimecontrolalgorithmbasedonmachinelearningtechnology.Machinelearningmethods
usecontextandTWINSCANsystemsensordatapairedwithpostexposureYieldStarmetrologyto
recognizegenericbehaviorandtrainthecontrolsystemtoanticipateonthisgenericbehavior.Specificfor
thisstudy,thedataconcernsimmersionscannercontext,sensordataandonwafermeasuredoverlay
data.Bymakingthelinkbetweenthescannerdataandthewaferdataweareabletoestablisharealtime
relationship.Theresultisaninlinecontrollerthataccountsforsmallchangesinscannerhardware
performanceintimewhilepickingupsubtlelottolotandwafertowaferdeviationsintroducedbywafer
processing.
202.Weldcontrollerforautomatednuclearservicewelding(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/234159)
Barfield,K.L.Strubhar,P.M.Green,D.I.
19951231
BandWNuclearTechnologies(BWNT)usesmanydifferenttypesofweldheadsforautomatedweldingin
thecommercialnuclearserviceindustry.Someweldheadsarepurchasedasstandarditems,whileothers
arecustomdesignedandfabricatedbyBWNTrequiringsynchronizedmultiaxismotioncontrol.BWNT
recentlycompletedadevelopmentprogramtobuildacommonweldcontrollerthatinterfacestoalltypesof
weldheadsusedbyBWNT.Theirgoalwastoconstructasystemthathadtheflexibilitytoadddifferent
modulestoincreasethecapabilityofthecontrollerasdifferentapplicationneedsbecomenecessary.The
benefitsfromhavingacommoncontrollerarelisted.Thispresentationexplainstheweldcontrollersystem
andthetypesofapplicationstowhichithasbeenapplied.
203.WeldabilityofDOP26iridiumalloy:Effectsofweldinggasandalloycomposition
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992AIPC..246..164O)
Ohriner,EvanK.Goodwin,GeneM.Frederick,D.A.
19920101
TheDOP26iridiumalloy,containing2000to4000ppmW,30to90ppmTh,and20to80ppmAlby
weight,isusedasacladdingmaterial.Theclosureweldonthefueledcladisperformedbygastungsten
arc(GTA)welding,whichundercertainconditionsresultsinhotcrackingofthefusionzone.Theeffectsof
variationsinthechemicalcompositionofthealloyandintheweldinggasatmosphereonthewelding
behaviorareevaluatedusingtheSigmajigtest.Inthistest,sheetmaterialsareweldedinanargon
atmospherewithmeasuredlevelsofappliedstresstodetermineathresholdstressforhotcracking.The
thresholdstressforcrackingofDOP26alloyincreasesbyafactoroftwoasthethoriumcontentis
decreasedfrom94to37ppm.Thereisnoeffectonthresholdcrackingstressforvariationsinoxygen
contentoftheargonweldingatmospherefrom10to2000ppmorforvariationsinwatervaporcontentfrom
10to1000ppm.
204.InterplanetaryOverlayNetworkBundleProtocolImplementation(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120000489)
Burleigh,ScottC.
20110101
TheInterplanetaryOverlayNetwork(ION)system'sBPpackage,animplementationoftheDelayTolerant
Networking(DTN)BundleProtocol(BP)andsupportingservices,hasbeenspecificallydesignedtobe
suitableforuseondeepspaceroboticvehicles.AlthoughtheIONBPimplementationisuniqueinitsuseof
zerocopyobjectsforhighperformance,andinitsuseofresourcesensitiveratecontrol,itisfully
interoperablewithotherimplementationsoftheBPspecification(InternetRFC5050).TheIONBP
implementationisbuiltusingthesamesoftwareinfrastructurethatunderliestheimplementationofthe
CCSDS(ConsultativeCommitteeforSpaceDataSystems)FileDeliveryProtocol(CFDP)builtintotheflight
softwareofDeepImpact.Itisdesignedtominimizeresourceconsumption,whilemaximizingoperational
robustness.Forexample,nodynamicallocationofsystemmemoryisrequired.LikealltheotherION
packages,ION'sBPimplementationisdesignedtoportreadilybetweenLinuxandSolaris(foreasy
developmentandforgroundsystemoperations)andVxWorks(forflightsystemsoperations).Theexact
samesourcecodeisexercisedinbothenvironments.InitiallyincludedintheIONBPimplementationsare
thefollowing:librariesoffunctionsusedinconstructingbundleforwardersandconvergencelayer(CL)
inputandoutputadaptersasimpleprototypebundleforwarderandassociatedCLadaptersdesignedto
runoveranIPbasedlocalareanetworkadministrativetoolsformanagingasimpleDTNinfrastructurebuilt
fromthesecomponentsabackgrounddaemonprocessthatsilentlydestroysbundleswhosetimetolive
intervalshaveexpiredalibraryoffunctionsexposedtoapplications,enablingthemtoissueandreceive
dataencapsulatedinDTNbundlesandsomesimpleapplicationsthatcanbeusedforsystemcheckout
andbenchmarking.
205.Weldinginairplaneconstruction(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930090824)
Rechtlich,ASchrenk,M
19280101
Thepresentarticleattemptstoexplaintheprinciplesfortheproductionofaperfectweldandtothrowlight
ontheunexplainedproblems.Moreover,itisintendedtoelucidatethepossibilitiesoftestingthestrength
andreliabilityofweldedparts.
206.InfraredThermographyForWelding(http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
R=19920000124&hterms=Welding+tungsten+inert+gas&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DWelding%2Btungsten%2Biner
Gilbert,JeffreyL.Lucky,BrianD.Spiegel,LyleB.Hudyma,RussellM.
19920101
Infraredimagingandimagedataprocessingsystemshowstemperaturesofjointduringweldingand
providesdatafromwhichratesofheatingandcoolingdetermined.Informationusedtocontrolwelding
parameterstoensurereliablejoints,inmaterialswhichmicrostructuresandassociatedmetallurgicaland
mechanicalpropertiesdependstronglyonratesofheatingandcooling.Applicabletovarietyofprocesses,
includingtungsten/inertgasweldingplasma,laser,andresistanceweldingcuttingandbrazing.
207.Intrafieldoverlaycorrectionforilluminationbaseddistortion
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SPIE.9426E..13P)
Pike,MichaelBrunner,TimothyMorgenfeld,BradleyJing,NanWiltshire,Timothy
20150301
Theuseofextremefreeformilluminationconditionsandmultipatterningprocessesusedtogeneratesub
40nmimagescanresultinsignificantintrafieldoverlayerrors.Whenlevelswithdifferingillumination
conditionsarealignedtoeachother,theseintrafielddistortionscanresultinoverlayerrorswhichare
uncorrectableusingnormallinearfeedbackcorrections.Weuseadoubleexposuremethod,previously
describedbyMinghetti[1]etal.toisolateandmeasureintrafieldoverlaydistortionscausedbytoollens
signaturesanddifferentilluminationconditions.Afullfieldtestreticleisusedtocreateaduallevelexpose
pattern.Thesamepatternisexposedtwice,butwithtwodifferentilluminationconditions.Thefirstexposure
isdonewithastandardreferenceillumination.Thesecondexposureisthetargetilluminationcondition.
Thetestreticlehasoverlaytargetpairsthataremeasurablewhenthe2ndexposureisoffsetintheY
directionbythedesignedamount.Thisallowsforahighdensity,13x13,intrafieldoverlaymeasurementto
becollectedandmodeledtodetermine2ndand3rdorderintrafieldterms.Sincetheresultingillumination
andscannerlensspecificintrafieldcorrectionsareindependentoffieldsize,thesubrecipescanbe
appliedtoanyproductexposureindependentoffieldsize,whichusethesameilluminationconditionsas
thetestexposures.Whenthemethodisappliedtoallexposurelevelsinaproductbuildcycle,theoverlay
errorscontributedbythereferenceilluminationconditioncancelout.Theremainingerrorsaredue
exclusivelytotheimpactoftheilluminationconditiononthatscannerlens.Actualresultscorrelatedwell
withthemodelwithmorethan80%ofthepredictedoverlayimprovementbeingachieved.
208.Geometricaccuracyofthreedimensionalmolecularoverlays.
Chen,QiHiggs,RichardEVieth,Michal
20060101
Thisstudyexaminesthedependenceofmolecularalignmentaccuracyonavarietyoffactorsincludingthe
choiceofmoleculartemplate,alignmentmethod,conformationalflexibility,andtypeofproteintarget.We
usedeighttestsystemsforwhichXraydataon145ligandproteincomplexeswereavailable.TheuseofX
raystructuresallowedanunambiguousassignmentofbioactiveoverlaysforeachcompoundset.The
alignmentaccuracydependedonmultiplefactorsandrangedfrom6%forflexibleoverlaysto73%forXray
rigidoverlays,whentheconformationofthetemplateligandcamefromXraystructures.Thedependence
oftheoverlayaccuracyonthechoiceoftemplatesandmoleculestobealignedwasfoundtobethemost
significantfactorinsixandsevenoftheeightligandproteincomplexdatasets,respectively.Whilefinding
littlepreferencefortheoverlaymethod,weobservedthattheintroductionofmoleculeflexibilityresultedina
decreaseofoverlayaccuracyin50%ofthecases.Wederivedrulestomaximizetheaccuracyofalignment,
leadingtoamorethan2foldimprovementinaccuracy(from19%to48%).Therulesalsoallowedthe
identificationofcompoundswithalow(<5%)chancetobecorrectlyaligned.Last,theaccuracyofthe
alignmentderivedwithoutanyutilizationofXrayconformersvariedfrom<1%forthehuman
immunodeficiencyvirusdatasetto53%forthetrypsindataset.Wefoundthattheaccuracywasdirectly
proportionaltotheproductoftheoverlayaccuracyfromthetemplatesintheirbioactiveconformationsand
thechanceofobtainingthecorrectbioactiveconformationofthetemplates.Thisstudygeneratesamuch
neededbenchmarkfortheexpectationsofmolecularalignmentaccuracyandshowsappropriateusages
andbestpracticestomaximizehypothesisgenerationsuccess.
209.Potentialeffectsofgalliumoncladdingmaterials(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/672086)
Wilson,D.F.Beahm,E.C.Besmann,T.M.DeVan,J.H.DiStefano,J.R.Gat,U.Greene,S.R.
Rittenhouse,P.L.Worley,B.A.
19971001
Thispaperidentifiesandexaminesissuesconcerningtheincorporationofgalliuminweaponsderived
plutoniuminlightwaterreactor(LWR)MOXfuels.Particularattentionisgiventothemorelikelyeffectsof
thegalliumonthebehaviorofthecladdingmaterial.Thechemistryofweaponsgrade(WG)MOX,including
possibleconsequencesofgalliumwithinplutoniumagglomerates,wasassessed.Basedonthecalculated
oxidationpotentialsofMOXfuel,theeffectthatgalliummayhaveonreactionsinvolvingfissionproducts
andpossibleimpactoncladdingperformancewerepostulated.Galliumtransportmechanismsare
discussed.Withanunderstandingofoxidationpotentialsandassumptionsofmechanismsforgallium
transport,possibleeffectsofgalliumoncorrosionofcladdingwereevaluated.Potentialandunresolved
issuesandsuggestedresearchanddevelopment(RandD)requiredtoprovidemissinginformationare
presented.
210.ComparingLaserWeldingTechnologieswithFrictionStirWeldingforProductionofAluminumTailorWelded
Blanks(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/1178867)
Hovanski,YuriCarsley,JohnCarlson,BlairHartfieldWunsch,SusanPilli,SivaPrasad
20140115
Acomparisonofweldingtechniqueswasperformedtodeterminethemosteffectivemethodforproducing
aluminumtailorweldedblanksforhighvolumeautomotiveapplications.Aluminumsheetwasjoinedwithan
emphasisonpostweldformability,surfacequalityandweldspeed.Comparativeresultsfromseverallaser
basedweldingtechniquesalongwithfrictionstirweldingarepresented.Theresultsofthisstudy
demonstrateaquantitativecomparisonofweldmethodologiesinpreparingtailorweldedaluminum
stampingsforhighvolumeproductionintheautomotiveindustry.Evaluationofnearlyadozenwelding
variationsultimatelyledtodownselectingasingleprocessbasedonpostweldqualityandperformance.
211.PortableWeldTester.(http://eric.ed.gov/?q=50+AND+Hz&pg=2&id=ED461028)
Eckert,Douglas
Thistrainingmanual,whichwasdevelopedforemployeesofanautomotiveplant,isdesignedtoteach
traineestooperateaportableweldtester(MiyachiMM315).Inchapter1,theweldtester'scomponents
areillustratedanddescribed,andtheprocedureforchargingitsbatteriesisexplained.Chapter2illustrates
theweldtester'sparts,
212.Variablepolarityarcwelding(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910013733)
Bayless,E.O.,Jr.
19910101
Technologicaladvancesgeneratewithinthemselvesdissatisfactionsthatleadtofurtheradvancesina
process.AseriesofadvancesinweldingtechnologywhichculminatedintheVariablePolarityPlasmaArc
(VPPA)WeldingProcessandanadvanceinstitutedtoovercomethelatestdissatisfactionswiththeprocess:
automatedVPPAweldingaredescribedbriefly.
213.CoilWeldingAid(http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
R=19830000088&hterms=coil&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dcoil)
Wiesenbach,W.T.Clark,M.C.
19830101
Positionerholdscoilinsidecylinderduringtackwelding.Weldingaidspacesturnsofcoilinsidecylinderand
appliescontactpressurewhilecoilistackweldedtocylinder.Devicefacilitatesfabricationofheat
exchangersandotherstructuresbyeliminatinghandpositioningandclampingofindividualcoilturns.
214.Activeweldcontrol(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950019175)
Powell,BradleyW.Burroughs,IvanA.
19940101
Throughthetwophasesofthiscontract,sensorsforweldingapplicationsandparameterextraction
algorithmshavebeendeveloped.Thesesensorsformthefoundationofaweldcontrolsystemwhichcan
provideactionweldcontrolthroughthemonitoringoftheweldpoolandkeyholeinaVPPAweldingprocess.
Systemsofthistypeofferthepotentialofqualityenhancementandcostreduction(minimizationofrework
onfaultywelds)forhighintegrityweldingapplications.Sensorsforpreweldandpostweldinspection,weld
poolmonitoring,keyhole/weldwireentrymonitoring,andseamtrackingweredeveloped.Algorithmsfor
signalextractionwerealsodevelopedandanalyzedtodeterminetheirapplicationtoanadaptiveweld
controlsystem.Thefollowingsectionsdiscussfindingsforeachofthethreesensorsdevelopedunderthis
contract:(1)weldprofilingsensor(2)weldpoolsensorand(3)stereoseamtracker/keyholeimaging
sensor.Hardenedversionsofthesesensorsweredesignedandbuiltunderthiscontract.Acontrolsystem,
describedlater,wasdevelopedonamultiprocessing/multitaskingoperatingsystemformaximumpower
andflexibility.Documentationforsensormechanicalandelectricaldesignisalsoincludedasappendicesin
thisreport.
215.WeldingCourseCurriculum.(http://eric.ed.gov/?q=WElding&pg=5&id=ED284984)
Genits,JosephC.
Thisguideisintendedforuseinhelpingstudentsgainafundamentalbackgroundonthemajoraspectsof
theweldingtrade.Thecourseemphasisisonmasteryofthemanipulativeskillsnecessarytodevelop
successfulweldingtechniquesandonacquisitionofanunderstandingofthespecializedtoolsand
equipmentusedinwelding.Thefirstpart
216.InstructionalGuidelines.Welding.(http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED078216.pdf)
Fordyce,H.L.Doshier,Dale
UsingthestandardsoftheAmericanWeldingSocietyandtheAmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers,
thisweldinginstructionalguidelinesmanualpresentsacourseofstudyinaccordancewiththecurrent
practicesinindustry.IntendedforuseinweldingprogramsnowpracticedwithintheFederalPrisonSystem,
thephasesoftheprogramare
217.Investigationonreticleheatingeffectinducedoverlayerror
Lim,MijungKim,GeunhakKim,SeoMinLee,ByounghoonKim,SeokkyunLim,ChangmoonKim,
MyoungsooPark,Sungki
20140401
Asdesignruleofsemiconductordecreasescontinuously,overlayerrorcontrolgetsmoreandmore
importantandchallenging.ItisalsotruethatOnProductOverlay(OPO)ofleadingedgememorydevice
showsunprecedentedlevelofaccuracy,owingtothedevelopmentofprecisionoptics,mechanicstageand
alignmentsystemwithactivecompensationmethod.However,theheatingofreticleandlensactsasa
dominantdetrimentagainstfurtherimprovementofoverlay.Reticleheatingismorecriticalthanlens
heatingincurrentadvancedscannersbecauselensheatingcanbemostlycompensatedbyfeedforward
controlalgorithm.Inrecentyears,thetoolsandtechnicalideasforreticleheatingcontrolareproposedand
thoughttoreducethereticleheatingeffect.Nevertheless,itisnotstillsimpletopredicttheaccurateheating
amountandoverlay.Anditisrequiredtoinvestigatetheparametersaffectingreticleheatingquantitatively.
Inthispaper,thereticlepatterndensityandexposuredoseareconsideredasthemaincontributors,and
theeffectsareinvestigatedthroughexperiments.Masksetofvarioustransmittancearepreparedby
changingpatterndensity.Afterexposurewithvariousdoses,overlayaremeasuredandanalyzedby
comparingwithreferencemarksexposedinheatingfreecondition.Asaresult,itisdiscoveredthatevenin
thecaseoflowdoseandhightransmittance,reticleheatingishardlyavoidable.Itisalsoshownthatthere
isasimplerelationshipamongreticleheating,transmittanceandexposuredose.Basedonthisrelationship,
thereticleheatingisthoughttobepredictedifthetransmittanceanddosearefixed.
218.Overlaymetrologysolutionsinatriplepatterningscheme
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SPIE.9424E..0EL)
Leray,PhilippeMao,MingBaudemprez,BartAmir,Nuriel
20150301
Overlaymetrologytoolsuppliersareofferingtodayseveraloptionstotheircustomers:Differenthardware
(ImageBasedOverlayorDiffractionBasedOverlay),differenttargetdesigns(withorwithoutsegmentation)
ordifferenttargetsizes(from5umto30um).Allthesevariationsareproposedtoresolveissueslike
robustnessofthetargettowardsprocessvariations,bemorerepresentativeofthedesignorincreasethe
densityofmeasurements.IntheframeofthedevelopmentofatriplepatterningBEOLschemeof10nm
nodelayer,wecompareIBOtargets(standardAIM,AIMidandmultilayerAIMid).Themetrologytoolsused
forthestudyareKLATencor'snextgenerationArcher500system(scatterometryandimagingbased
measurementtechnologiesonthesametool).Theoverlayresponseandfingerprintofthesetargetswillbe
comparedusingaverydensesampling(upto51ptsperfield).Thebenefitofindiemeasurements
comparedtothetraditionalscribesisdiscussed.Thecontributionofprocesseffectstooverlayvaluesare
comparedtothecontributionoftheperformanceofthetarget.Differenttargetsarecombinedinone
measurementsettobenefitfromtheirdifferentstrengths(performancevssize).Theresultsare
summarizedandpossiblestrategiesforatriplepatterningschemesareproposed.
219.InstructionalgeographicinformationscienceMapoverlayandspatialabilities
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhDT.......125T)
Tricot,ThomasAlexander,II
Thefundamentalgoalofthisstudyistodetermineifthecomplexspatialconceptofmapoverlaycanbe
effectivelylearnedbyyoungadolescentsthroughtheutilizationofaninstructionaltechniquebasedwithin
thefoundationsofInstructionalGeographicInformationScience(InGIScience).Percentcorrectand
reactiontimeswerethemeasuresusedtoanalyzetheabilityofyoungadolescentstolearntheintersect,
erase,andunionfunctionsofmapoverlay.Theabilitytosolveformissinginputs,output,orfunctionwas
alsoanalyzed.Youngadolescentsofthetestgroupscoredhigherpercentcorrectandrecordedfaster
reactiontimesthanthoseofthecontrolgrouporadultsoftheexpertgroupbytheendoftheexperiment.
Theintersectfunctionofmapoverlaywasmoredifficultintermsofpercentcorrectandreactiontimethan
theeraseorunionfunctions.Solvingforthefirstorsecondinputconsistentlyresultedinlowerpercent
correctandhigherreactiontimesthroughouttheexperiment.Nooverallperformancedifferenceswere
showntoexistbetweenmalesandfemales.Resultsofasubjective"realworld"testalsoindicatedlearning
byyoungadolescents.Thisstudyhasshownthatthepracticeofrepetitiveinstructionandtestinghas
proveneffectiveforenhancingspatialabilitieswithregardtothemapoverlayconcept.Thisstudyfoundthat
withpractice,youngadolescentscanlearnthemapoverlayconceptandperformatlevelsequaltoor
greaterthanadults.Thisstudyhashelpedtoanswerthequestionofwhetherthisdevelopmentofspatial
abilitiesispossible.
220.Highorderdistortioncontrolusingacomputationalpredictionmethodfordeviceoverlay
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JMM%26M..15b1403K)
Kang,YoungSeogAffentauschegg,CedricMulkens,JanKim,JangSunShin,JuHeeKim,YoungHa
Nam,YoungSunChoi,YoungSinHa,HunhwanLee,DongHanLee,JaeilRizvi,UmarGeh,Bernd
vanderHeijden,RobBaselmans,JanKwon,OhSung
20160401
Asaresultofthecontinuouslyshrinkingfeaturesoftheintegratedcircuit,theoverlaybudgetrequirements
havebecomeverydemanding.Historically,overlayhasbeenperformedusingmetrologytargetsfor
processcontrol,andmostoverlayenhancementswereachievedbyhardwareimprovements.However,this
isnolongersufficient,andweneedtoconsideradditionalsolutionsforoverlayimprovementsinprocess
variationusingcomputationalmethods.Inthispaper,wepresentthelimitationsofthirdorderintrafield
distortioncorrectionsbasedonstandardoverlaymetrologyandproposeanimprovedmethodwhich
includesapredictionofthedeviceoverlayandcorrectsthelensaberrationfingerprintbasedonthis
prediction.ForaDRAMusecase,wepresentacomputationalapproachthatcalculatestheoverlayofthe
devicepatternusinglensaberrationsasanadditionalinput,nexttothetargetbasedoverlaymeasurement
result.Supportingexperimentaldataarepresentedthatdemonstrateasignificantreductionoftheintrafield
overlayfingerprint.
9 10 11 12 13
10 11 12 13 14
221.Methodforweldingberyllium(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/870886)
Dixon,RaymondD.Smith,FrankM.O'Leary,RichardF.
19970101
Amethodisprovidedforjoiningberylliumpieceswhichcomprises:depositingaluminumalloyonatleast
oneberylliumsurfacecontactingthatberylliumsurfacewithatleastoneotherberylliumsurfaceand
weldingthealuminumalloycoatedberylliumsurfacestogether.Thealuminumalloymaybedepositedon
theberylliumusinggasmetalarcwelding.Thealuminumalloycoatedberylliumsurfacesmaybesubjected
toelevatedtemperaturesandpressurestoreduceporositybeforeweldingthepiecestogether.The
aluminumalloycoatedberylliumsurfacesmaybemachinedintoadesiredweldingjointconfiguration
beforewelding.Theberylliummaybeanalloyofberylliumoraberylliumcompound.Thealuminumalloy
maycomprisealuminumandsilicon.
222.EvaluationandcharacterizationofGeneralPurposeHeatSourcegirthweldsfortheCassinimission
Lynch,C.M.Moniz,P.F.Reimus,M.A.H.
19981231
GeneralPurposeHeatSources(GPHSs)arecomponentsofRadioisotopicthermoelectricGenerators
(RTGs)whichprovideelectricpowerfordeepspacemissions.EachGPHSconsistsofa{sup238}Puoxide
ceramicpelletencapsulatedinaweldediridiumalloyshellwhichformsaprotectivebarrieragainstthe
releaseofplutoniaintheunlikelyeventofalaunchpadfailureorreentryincident.GPHSfueledcladgirth
weldflawdetectionwasparamounttoensuringthissafetyfunction,andwasaccomplishedusingboth
destructiveandnondestructiveevaluationtechniques.Thefirstgirthweldproducedfromeachwelding
campaignwasmetallographicallyexaminedforflawssuchasincompleteweldpenetration,cracks,or
porositywhichwouldrenderaGPHSunacceptableforflightapplications.Afteranacceptableexampleweld
wasproduced,thesubsequentlyweldedheatsourceswereevaluatednondestructivelyforflawsusing
ultrasonicimmersiontesting.Selectedheatsourceswhichfailedultrasonictestingwouldberadiographed,
and/or,destructivelyevaluatedtofurthercharacterizeanddocumentanomalousindications.Metallography
wasalsoperformedonimpactedheatsourcestodeterminetheconditionofthewelds.
223.Opticallycontrolledweldingsystem(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890003497)
Gordon,StephenS.(Inventor)
19880101
Anopticallycontrolledweldingsystemwhereinaweldingtorchhavingthroughthetorchviewingcapabilities
isprovidedwithanopticalbeamsplittertocreateatransmittedviewandareflectiveviewofawelding
operation.Theseviewsareconvertedtodigitalsignalswhicharethenprocessedandutilizedbya
computerizedroboticweldertomaketheweldingtorchresponsivethereto.Otherfeaturesincludean
activelycooledelectrodeholderwhichminimizesablockedportionoftheviewbyvirtueofbeing
constructedofasinglespokeorarm,andaweldpoolcontourdetectorcomprisingalaserbeamdirected
ontotheweldpoolwiththepositionofspecularradiationreflectedtherefrom,beingcharacteristicofa
penetratedorunpenetratedconditionoftheweldpool.
224.Opticallycontrolledweldingsystem(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080012343)
Gordon,StephenS.(Inventor)
19890101
Anopticallycontrolledweldingsystem(10)whereinaweldingtorch(12)havingthroughthetorchviewing
capabilitiesisprovidedwithanopticalbeamsplitter(56)tocreateatransmittedviewandareflectiveview
ofaweldingoperation.Theseviewsareconvertedtodigitalsignalswhicharethenprocessedandutilized
byacomputerizedroboticwelder(15)tomaketheweldingtorchresponsivethereto.Otherfeatures
includesanactivelycooledelectrodeholder(26)whichminimizesablockedportionoftheviewbyvirtueof
beingconstructedofasinglespokeorarm(28)andaweldpoolcontourdetector(14)comprisingalaser
beamdirectedontotheweldpoolwiththepositionofspecularradiationreflectedtherefrombeing
characteristicofapenetratedorunpenetratedconditionoftheweldpool.
225.CooperativeResourcePricinginServiceOverlayNetworksforMobileAgents
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010IEITC..93.1927N)
Nakano,TadashiOkaie,Yutaka
Thesuccessofpeertopeeroverlaynetworksdependsoncooperationamongparticipatingpeers.Inthis
paper,weinvestigatethedegreeofcooperationamongindividualpeersrequiredtoinduceglobally
favorablepropertiesinanoverlaynetwork.Specifically,weconsideraresourcepricingproblemina
marketorientedoverlaynetworkwhereparticipatingpeerssellownresources(e.g.,CPUcycles)toearn
energywhichrepresentssomemoneyorrewardsinthenetwork.Intheresourcepricingmodelpresented
inthispaper,eachpeersetsthepriceforownresourcebasedonthedegreeofcooperationnon
cooperativepeersattempttomaximizetheirownenergygains,whilecooperativepeersmaximizethesum
ofownandneighbors'energygains.Simulationresultsarepresentedtodemonstratethatthenetwork
topologyisanimportantfactorinfluencingtheminimumdegreeofcooperationrequiredtoincreasethe
networkwideglobalenergygain.
226.TensileBondStrengthofLatexModifiedBondedConcreteOverlays(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgibin/nph
data_query?bibcode=2010APS..NWS.D1033D&link_type=ABSTRACT)
Dubois,CameronRamseyer,Chris
20101001
Thetensilebondstrengthofbondedconcreteoverlayswastestedusingtheinsitupulloffmethod
describedinASTMC1583withthegoalofdeterminingwhetheraddinglatextothemixdesignincreases
bondstrength.Oneslabofductileconcrete(f'c>12,000psi)wascastwithonehalftined,i.e.roughened,
andonehalfsteeltroweled,i.e.smooth.Theslabsurfacewassectionedoffandoverlaymixtures
containingdifferentlatexcontentscastineachsection.Partialcoresweredrilledperpendiculartothe
surfacethroughtheoverlayintothesubstrate.Atensileloadingdeviceappliedadirecttensileloadtoeach
specimenandtheloadwasincreaseduntilfailureoccurred.Thetensilebondstrengthwasthencalculated
forcomparisonbetweenthespecimens.
227.AnonymityandCensorshipResistanceinUnstructuredOverlayNetworks
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009LNCS.5870..147B)
Backes,MichaelHamerlik,MarekLinari,AlessandroMaffei,MatteoTryfonopoulos,ChristosWeikum,
Gerhard
ThispaperpresentsClouds,apeertopeerprotocolthatguaranteesbothanonymityandcensorship
resistanceinsemanticoverlaynetworks.Thedesignofsuchaprotocolneedstomeetanumberof
challenginggoals:enablingtheexchangeofencryptedmessageswithoutassumingpreviouslyshared
secrets,avoidingcentralisedinfrastructures,liketrustedserversorgateways,andguaranteeingefficiency
withoutestablishingdirectconnectionsbetweenpeers.Anonymityisachievedbycloakingtheidentityof
protocolparticipantsbehindgroupsofsemanticallyclosepeers.Censorshipresistanceisguaranteedbya
cryptographicprotocolsecuringtheanonymouscommunicationbetweenthequeryingpeerandthe
resourceprovider.Althoughweinstantiateourtechniqueonsemanticoverlaynetworkstoexploittheir
retrievalcapabilities,ourframeworkisgeneralandcanbeappliedtoanyunstructuredoverlaynetwork.
ExperimentalresultsdemonstratethesecuritypropertiesofCloudsunderdifferentattacksandshowthe
messageoverheadandretrievaleffectivenessoftheprotocol.
228.Astrainsensorbasedoncladdingmoderesonanceofopticaldoublecladdingfiber
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010SPIE.7853E..3UZ)
Zhang,JianPang,FufeiGuo,HairunChen,ZhenyiWang,Tingyun
20101101
Astrainsensorbasedoncladdingmoderesonanceofopticaldoublecladdingfiber(DCF)wasproposed
andexperimentallydemonstrated.ThesensorheadwasfabricatedbysplicingasectionofDCFintoa
standardsinglemodefiber(SMF).Attributedtothethinthicknessoftheinnercladding,thecoremodecan
becoupledwithcladdingmodeswhichgeneratessastrongresonantspectrumatthephasematching
wavelength.WhentheDCFsensorisappliedanaxialstrain,therefractiveindexoftheDCFdecreasesdue
tothephotoelasticeffect.Accordingtothecoupledmodetheory,thephasematchingwavelengthwillshift
toashorterwavelength.Bydetectingtheresonantspectrumvariation,thestainsensorcanberealized.
Thestrainsensitivitywasachievedas2.87pmover800measurementrangewithgood
repeatability.Withthesimpleconfigurationandattractiveperformance,thespecialtyDCFstrainsensorcan
beexploredforwidesensingapplications.
229.RoboticWeldingOfInjectorManifold(http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
R=19920000770&hterms=robotics+engineer&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Drobotics%2Bengineer)
Gilbert,JeffreyL.Shelley,D.Mark
19920101
Briefreportpresentshistory,upthroughOctober1990,ofcontinuingeffortstoconvertfrommanualto
roboticgas/tungstenarcweldinginfabricationofmaininjectorinletmanifoldofmainengineofSpace
Shuttle.Includesphotographsofweldingmachinery,welds,andweldpreparations.Ofinteresttoengineers
consideringestablishmentofroboticweldingfacilities.
230.Pelletcladdingmechanicalinteractionsofceramiccladdingsfuelsunderlightwaterreactorconditions
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgibin/nphdata_query?bibcode=2013PhDT.......114L&link_type=ABSTRACT)
Li,BoShiuan
Ceramicmaterialssuchassiliconcarbide(SiC)arepromisingcandidatematerialsfornuclearfuelcladding
andareofinterestaspartofapotentialaccidenttolerantfueldesignduetoitshightemperaturestrength,
dimensionalstabilityunderirradiation,corrosionresistance,andlowerneutronabsorptioncrosssection.It
alsooffersdrasticallylowerhydrogengenerationinlossofcoolantaccidentssuchasthatexperiencedat
Fukushima.WiththeimplementationofSiCmaterialpropertiestothefuelperformancecode,FRAPCON,
performancesoftheSiCcladfuelarecomparedwiththeconventionalZircaloycladfuel.Duetonegligible
creepandhighstiffness,SiCcladfuelallowsgapclosureathigherburnupandinsignificantcladding
dimensionalchange.However,severedegradationofSiCthermalconductivitywithneutronirradiationwill
leadtohigherfueltemperaturewithlargerfissiongasrelease.HighstiffnessofSiChasadrawbackof
accumulatinglargeinterfacialpressureuponpelletcladdingmechanicalinteractions(PCMI).Thislarge
stresswilleventuallyreachtheflexuralstrengthofSiC,causingfailureofSiCcladdinginstantlyinabrittle
mannerinsteadofthegracefulfailureofductilemetalliccladding.Thelargeinterfacialpressurecauses
phenomenathatwerepreviouslyofonlymarginalsignificanceandthusignored(suchascreepofthefuel)
tonowhaveanimportantroleinPCMI.Considerationofthefuelpelletcreepandelasticdeformationin
PCMImodelsinFRAPCONprovideforanimprovedunderstandingofthemagnitudeofaccumulated
interfacialpressure.Outwardswellingofthepelletisretardedbytheinwardirradiationinducedcreep,
whichthenreducestherateofinterfacialpressurebuildup.EffectofPCMIcanalsobereducedandby
increasinggapwidthandcladdingthickness.However,increasinggapwidthandcladdingthicknessalso
increasestheoverallthermalresistancewhichleadstohigherfueltemperatureandlargerfission
231.CladdingForTransverselyPumpedLaserRod(http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
R=19890000168&hterms=Neodymium&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3DNeodymium)
Byer,RobertL.Fan,TsoYee
19890101
Combinationofsuitabledimensioningandcladdingofneodymium:yttriumaluminumgarnetofsimilarsolid
statelaserprovidesformoreefficientutilizationoftransverselyincidentpumplightfromdiodelasers.New
designovercomessomeoflimitationsoflongitudinalandoldertransversepumpingconceptsand
promotesoperationathigheroutputpowersinTEM00mode.
232.Advancedceramiccladdingforwaterreactorfuel(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/20086971)
Feinroth,H.
20000701
UndertheUSDepartmentofEnergy'sNuclearEnergyResearchInitiatives(NERI)program,continuous
fiberceramiccomposites(CFCCs)arebeingdevelopedascladdingforwaterreactorfuelelements.The
purposeistosubstantiallyincreasethepassivesafetyofwaterreactors.Adevelopmenteffortwasinitiated
in1991tofabricateCFCCcladtubesusingcommerciallyavailablefibersandasolgelprocessdeveloped
byMcDermottTechnologies.TwosmalldiameterCFCCtubeswerefabricatedusingpurealuminaand
aluminazirconiafibersinanaluminamatrix.Densitiesof{approximately}60%oftheoreticalwereachieved.
Higherdensitiesarerequiredtoguaranteefissiongascontainment.ThisNERIworkhasjustbegun,and
onlypreliminaryresultsarepresentedherein.Shouldtheworkprovesuccessful,furtherdevelopmentis
requiredtoevaluateCFCCcladdingandperformance,includinginpiletestscontainingfuelandexploringa
marriageofCFCCcladdingmaterialswithsuitableadvancedfuelandcoredesigns.Thepossibilityofmuch
highertemperaturecoredesigns,possiblycooledwithsupercriticalwater,andachievementofplant
efficiencies{ge}50%wouldbeexamined.
233.Advancesinprocessoverlay:alignmentsolutionsforfuturetechnologynodes
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007SPIE.6518E..1ZM)
Megens,HenryvanHaren,RichardMusa,SamiDoytcheva,MayaLalbahadoersing,Sanjayvan
Kemenade,MarcLee,HyunWooHinnen,PaulvanBilsen,Frank
20070301
Semiconductorindustryhasanincreasingdemandforimprovementofthetotallithographicoverlay
performance.Toimprovethelevelofonproductoverlaycontrolthenumberofalignmentmeasurements
increases.Sincemoremasklevelswillbeintegrated,morealignmentmarksneedtobeprintedwhenusing
directalignment(alsocalledlayertolayeralignment).Accordingly,thealignmentmarksizeneedsto
becomesmaller,tofitallmarksintothescribelane.Foranindirectalignmentscheme,e.g.aschemethat
alignstoanotherlayerthanthelayertowhichoverlayisbeingmeasured,thenumberofneededalignment
markscanbereduced.Simultaneouslythereisarequirementtoreducethesizeofalignmentmarksub
segmentationswithoutcompromisingthealignmentandoverlayperformance.Smallerfeatureswithin
alignmentmarkscanpreventprocessingissueslikeerosion,dishingandcontamination.However,when
thesubsegmentationsizewithinanalignmentmarkbecomescomparabletothecriticaldimension,and
thussmallerthanthealignmentilluminatingwavelength,polarizationeffectsmightstarttooccur.
Polarizationeffectsareachallengeforopticalalignmentsystemstomaintainmarkdetectability.
Nevertheless,thispapershowshowtoactuallyutilizethoseeffectsinordertoobtainenhancedalignment
andoverlayperformancetosupportfuturetechnologynodes.Finally,anotherchallengetobemetfornew
semiconductorproducttechnologiesistheabilitytoalignthroughsemiopaquematerials,likeforinstance
newhardmaskmaterials.Enhancementofalignmentsignalstrengthcanbereachedbyadaptingtonew
alignmentmarksthatgenerateahigheralignmentsignal.Thispaperprovidesadescriptionofanintegral
alignmentsolutionthatmeetswiththeseemergingcustomerapplicationrequirements.Complyingwith
theserequirementswillsignificantlyenhancetheflexibilityinproductionstrategieswhilemaintainingor
improvingthealignmentandoverlay
234.Highfrequencynonreciprocalreflectionfrommagneticfilmswithoverlayers
Wang,YingNie,YanCamley,R.E.
20131114
Weperformatheoreticalstudyofthenonreciprocalreflectionofhighfrequencymicrowaveradiationfrom
ferromagneticfilmswiththinoverlayers.Reflectionfrommetallicferromagneticfilmsisalwaysnearunity
andshowsnononreciprocity.Incontrast,reflectionfromastructurewhichhasadielectricoverlayerontop
ofafilmcomposedofinsulatedferromagneticnanoparticlesornanostructurescanshowsignificant
nonreciprocityinthe7580GHzfrequencyrange,averyhighvalue.Thiscanbeimportantfor
devicessuchasisolatorsorcirculators.
235.ImplementingaTrustOverlayFrameworkforDigitalEcosystems
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010deti.conf..178M)
Malone,PaulMcGibney,JimmyBotvich,DmitriMcLaughlin,Mark
DigitalEcosystems,beingdecentralisedinnature,areinherentlyuntrustworthyenvironments.Thisisdueto
thefactthattheseenvironmentslackacentralisedgatekeeperandidentityprovider.Inorderfor
businessestooperateintheseenvironmentsthereisaneedforsecuritymeasurestosupport
accountabilityandtraceability.ThispaperdescribesatrustoverlaynetworkdevelopedintheOPAALS
projecttoallowentitiesparticipatingindigitalecosystemstoshareexperiencethroughtheexchangeof
trustvaluesandtoleverageonthisnetworktodeterminereputationbasedtrustworthinessofunknownand
initiallyuntrustedentities.Anoverlaynetworkisdescribedtogetherwithsamplealgorithmsandadiscussion
onimplementation.
236.Quasicrystalsurfaces:structureandgrowthofatomicoverlayers
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AdPhy..56..403S)
Sharma,H.R.Shimoda,M.Tsai,A.P.
20070501
Wereviewrecentdevelopmentsinsurfacestudiesofsinglegrainquasicrystalsunderultrahighvacuum
conditions,focusingontwodifferenttopics:surfacestructureandgrowthofatomicoverlayersonsurfaces.
Quasicrystallinephasesarecurrentlyusedforinvestigationofthefirsttopicareicosahedral(i)AlPdMn,i
AlCuFe,iAlCuRu,iAgInYbanddecagonal(d)AlNiCo,anddAlCuCo.Wereporttheprogress
madewithallofthesephases.Thesecondtopiccoversthestudyofsingleelementoverlayergrowthby
vapordeposition.
237.AninternationalgeostationaryoverlayforGPSandGLONASS
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990Navig..37...81K)
Kinal,G.V.Singh,J.P.
Theconceptofemployingnonautonomoussatelliterepeatersongeostationaryhostsforcivil
radionavigation,especiallyforintegritybroadcastandforcoverageaugmentation,isreviewed.Itis
suggestedthataworldwidegeostationaryoverlaycanbemoreeconomicalthanlaunchingadditional
autonomousnavigationsatellites.Alsopresentedarerecentlydevelopedtechnicalconsiderationsforthe
geostationaryoverlayconcept,includingdesignparametersforthenavigationpackage,signalanddata
formatconsiderationsforaugmentationandintegrity,andgroundnetworkconceptsforgeneratingand
timingtheuplinksignal.EarlyresultsofatestprogrambeingconductedwithtransmissionofGPSlike
signalsviaanexistingLbandmobilecommunicationssatellitearereported.
238.StabilityofYTiOprecipitatesinfrictionstirweldednanostructuredferriticalloys
Yu,XinghuaMazumder,B.Miller,M.K.David,S.A.Feng,Z.
20150119
Nanostructuredferriticalloys,whichhavecomplexmicrostructureswhichconsistofultrafineferriticgrains
withadispersionofstableoxideparticlesandnanoclusters,arepromisingmaterialsforfuelcladdingand
structuralapplicationsinthenextgenerationnuclearreactor.Thispaperevaluatesmicrostructureoffriction
stirweldednanostructuredferriticalloysusingelectronmicroscopyandatomprobetomography
techniques.Atomprobetomographyresultsrevealedthatnanoclustersarecoarsenedand
inhomogeneouslydistributedinthestirzoneandthermomechanicallyaffectedzone.Threehypotheseson
coarseningofnanoclustersarepresented.Finally,thehardnessdifferenceindifferentregionsoffrictionstir
weldhasbeenexplained.
239.VPPAweldmodelevaluation(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992nrc..reptR....M)
McCutcheon,KimbleD.Gordon,StephenS.Thompson,PaulA.
19920701
NASAusestheVariablePolarityPlasmaArcWelding(VPPAW)processextensivelyforfabricationofSpace
ShuttleExternalTanks.ThisweldingprocesshasbeeninuseatNASAsincethelate1970'sbutthephysics
oftheprocesshaveneverbeensatisfactorilymodeledandunderstood.Inanattempttoadvancethelevel
ofunderstandingofVPPAW,Dr.ArthurC.Nunes,Jr.,(NASA)hasdevelopedamathematicalmodelofthe
process.Theworkdescribedinthisreportevaluatedandusedtwoversions(level0andlevel1)ofDr.
Nunes'model,andamodelderivedbytheUniversityofAlabamaatHuntsville(UAH)fromDr.Nunes'level
1model.TwoseriesofVPPAWexperimentsweredone,usingover400differentcombinationsofwelding
parameters.ObservationsweremadeofVPPAWprocessbehaviorasafunctionofspecificwelding
parameterchanges.Datafromtheseweldexperimentswasusedtoevaluateandsuggestimprovementsto
Dr.Nunes'model.Experimentaldataandcorrelationswiththemodelwereusedtodevelopamultivariable
controlalgorithmforusewithafutureVPPAWcontroller.Thisalgorithmisdesignedtocontrolweldwidths
(bothonthecrownandrootoftheweld)basedupontheweldparameters,basemetalproperties,andreal
timeobservationofthecrownwidth.Thealgorithmexhibitedaccuracycomparabletothatoftheweldwidth
measurementsforbothaluminumandmildsteelwelds.
240.VPPAweldmodelevaluation(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930003731)
Mccutcheon,KimbleD.Gordon,StephenS.Thompson,PaulA.
19920101
NASAusestheVariablePolarityPlasmaArcWelding(VPPAW)processextensivelyforfabricationofSpace
ShuttleExternalTanks.ThisweldingprocesshasbeeninuseatNASAsincethelate1970'sbutthephysics
oftheprocesshaveneverbeensatisfactorilymodeledandunderstood.Inanattempttoadvancethelevel
ofunderstandingofVPPAW,Dr.ArthurC.Nunes,Jr.,(NASA)hasdevelopedamathematicalmodelofthe
process.Theworkdescribedinthisreportevaluatedandusedtwoversions(level0andlevel1)ofDr.
Nunes'model,andamodelderivedbytheUniversityofAlabamaatHuntsville(UAH)fromDr.Nunes'level
1model.TwoseriesofVPPAWexperimentsweredone,usingover400differentcombinationsofwelding
parameters.ObservationsweremadeofVPPAWprocessbehaviorasafunctionofspecificwelding
parameterchanges.Datafromtheseweldexperimentswasusedtoevaluateandsuggestimprovementsto
Dr.Nunes'model.Experimentaldataandcorrelationswiththemodelwereusedtodevelopamultivariable
controlalgorithmforusewithafutureVPPAWcontroller.Thisalgorithmisdesignedtocontrolweldwidths
(bothonthecrownandrootoftheweld)basedupontheweldparameters,basemetalproperties,andreal
timeobservationofthecrownwidth.Thealgorithmexhibitedaccuracycomparabletothatoftheweldwidth
measurementsforbothaluminumandmildsteelwelds.
10 11 12 13 14
11 12 13 14 15
241.Weldingarcplasmaphysics(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910009660)
Cain,BruceL.
19900101
Theproblemsofweldqualitycontrolandweldprocessdependabilitycontinuetoberelevantissuesin
modernmetalweldingtechnology.ThesebecomeespeciallyimportantforNASAmissionswhichmay
requiretheassemblyorrepairoflargerorbitingplatformsusingautomaticweldingtechniques.Toextend
presentweldingtechnologiesforsuchapplications,NASA/MSFC'sMaterialsandProcessesLabis
developingphysicalmodelsofthearcweldingprocesswiththegoalofprovidingbothabasisforimproved
designofweldcontrolsystems,andabetterunderstandingofhowarcweldingvariablesinfluencefinal
weldproperties.Thephysicsoftheplasmaarcdischargeisreasonablywellestablishedintermsof
transportprocessesoccurringinthearccolumnitself,althoughrecoursetosophisticatednumerical
treatmentsisnormallyrequiredtoobtainquantitativeresults.Unfortunatelytherigorofthesenumerical
computationsoftenobscuresthephysicsoftheunderlyingmodelduetoitsinherentcomplexity.Incontrast,
thisworkhasfocusedonarelativelysimplephysicalmodelofthearcdischargetodescribethegross
featuresobservedinweldingarcs.Emphasiswasplacedofderivinganalyticexpressionsforthevoltage
alongthearcaxisasafunctionofknownormeasurablearcparameters.Themodelretainstheessential
physicsforastraightpolarity,diffusiondominatedfreeburningarcinargon,withmajorsimplificationsof
collisionlesssheathsandsimpleenergybalancesattheelectrodes.
242.Weldelectrodecoolingstudy(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999SPIE.3700..190M)
Masters,RobertC.Simon,DanielL.
19990301
TheU.S.auto/truckindustryhasbeenmandatedbytheFederalgovernmenttocontinuouslyimprovetheir
fleetaveragegasmileage,measuredinmilespergallon.Severaltechniquesaretypicallyusedtomeet
thesemandates,oneofwhichistoreducetheoverallmassofcarsandtrucks.Tohelpaccomplishthis
goal,lighterweightsheetmetalparts,withsmallerweldflanges,havebeendesignedandfabricated.This
paperwillexaminethecoolingcharacteristicsofvariouswatercooledweldelectrodesandshanksusedin
resistancespotweldingapplications.Thesmallerweldflangesutilizedinmodernvehiclesheetmetal
fabricationshaveincreasedindustry'sinterestinusingonesizeofweldelectrode(1/2inchdiameter)for
certainspotweldingoperations.Theweldingcommunitywantsmoredataaboutthecoolingcharacteristics
ofthese1/2inchweldelectrodes.Tohepdefinethecoolingcharacteristics,aninfraredradiometerthermal
visionsystem(TVS)wasusedtocaptureimages(thermograms)oftheheatingandcoolingcyclesof
severalsizecombinationsofweldelectrodesundertypicalproductionconditions.Testsresultswillshow
whytheopenendedshanksaremoresuitableforcoolingtheweldelectrodeassemblythenclosedended
shanks.
243.Weldingandjoining:Acompilation(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19760005275)
19750101
AcompilationispresentedofNASAdevelopedtechnologyinweldingandjoining.Topicsdiscussedinclude
weldingequipment,techniquesinwelding,generalbonding,joiningtechniques,andclampsandholding
fixtures.
244.ComputerizedadaptivecontrolweldskatewithCCTVweldguidanceproject
Wall,W.A.
19760101
Thisreportsummarizesprogressoftheautomaticcomputerizedweldskatedevelopmentportionofthe
ComputerizedWeldSkatewithClosedCircuitTelevision(CCTV)ArcGuidanceProject.Themaingoalof
theprojectistodevelopanautomaticweldingskatedemonstrationmodelequippedwithCCTVweld
guidance.Thethreemaingoalsoftheoverallprojectareto:(1)developademonstrationmodel
computerizedweldskatesystem,(2)developademonstrationmodelautomaticCCTVguidancesystem,
and(3)integratethetwosystemsintoademonstrationmodelofcomputerizedweldskatewithCCTVweld
guidanceforweldingcontouredparts.
245.RecoveryofSublethallyInjuredBacteriaUsingSelectiveAgarOverlays.(http://eric.ed.gov/?
q=agar&pg=2&id=EJ627045)
McKillip,JohnL.
20010101
Thisexperimentsubjectsbacteriainafoodsampleandanenvironmentalsampletoconditionsofsublethal
stressinordertoassesstheeffectivenessoftheagaroverlaymethodtorecoversublethallyinjuredcells
comparedtodirectplatingontotheappropriateselectivemedium.(SAH)
246.CrosslayerSurvivabilityinOverlayIPWDMNetworks(http://eric.ed.gov/?
q=telephone+AND+network&pg=5&id=ED522300)
Pacharintanakul,Peera
20100101
AstheInternetmovestowardsathreelayerarchitectureconsistingofoverlaynetworksontopoftheIP
networklayerontopofWDMbasedphysicalnetworks,incorporatingtheinteractionbetweenandamong
networklayersiscrucialforefficientandeffectiveimplementationofsurvivability.Thisdissertationhasfour
majorfociasfollows:
247.IncidentalLearningofGeospatialConceptsacrossGradeLevels:MapOverlay(http://eric.ed.gov/?
q=overlay&pg=3&id=EJ748270)
Battersby,SarahE.Golledge,ReginaldG.Marsh,MeredithJ.
20060101
Inthispaper,theauthorsevaluatemapoverlay,aconceptcentraltogeospatialthinking,todeterminehow
itisnaivelyandtechnicallyunderstood,aswellastoidentifywhenitisleanerinnately.Theevaluationis
supportedbyresultsfromstudiesatthreegradelevelstoshowtheprogressionofincidentallylearned
geospatialknowledgeas
248.PromotingLearningofInstructionalDesignviaOverlayDesignTools(http://eric.ed.gov/?
q=overlay&pg=2&id=ED552578)
Carle,AndrewJacob
20120101
IbeginbyintroducingVirtualDesignApprenticeship(VDA),alearningmodelbuiltonasolidfoundationof
educationprinciplesandtheoriesthatpromoteslearningofdesignskillsviaoverlaydesigntools.InVDA,
whenanindividualneedstolearnanewdesignskillorparadigmsheisprovidedaccessible,concrete
examplesthathavebeen
249.12.DETAILINDICATINGTRANSITIONFROMORIGINALSURFACETOGUNITEOVERLAY...
(//www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/nj1256.photos.346990p/)
LibraryofCongressHistoricBuildingsSurvey,HistoricEngineeringRecord,HistoricLandscapesSurvey
(http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/)
12.DETAILINDICATINGTRANSITIONFROMORIGINALSURFACETOGUNITEOVERLAYON
UPSTREAMEMBANKMENTOFDAM(FROMREPAIRSCOMPLETEDIN1977)UpperDoughtyDam,200
feetwestofGardenStateParkway,1.7mileswestofAbsecon,EggHarborCity,AtlanticCounty,NJ
250.Acomparativereliabilityanalysisofcomputergeneratedbitemarkoverlays.
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15818864)
McNamee,AnneHSweet,DavidPretty,Iain
20050301
Thisstudycomparedthereliabilityoftwomethodsusedtoproducecomputergeneratedbitemarkoverlays
withAdobePhotoshop(AdobeSystemsInc.,SanJose,CA).Scannedimagesoftwelvedentalcastswere
sentto30examinerswithdifferentexperiencelevels.Examinerswereinstructedtoproduceanoverlayfor
eachcastimagebasedontheinstructionsprovidedforthetwotechniques.Measurementsoftheareaand
thexycoordinatepositionofthebitingedgesoftheanteriorteethwereobtainedusingScionImage
softwareprogram(ScionCorporation,Frederick,MD)foreachoverlay.Theinterandintrareliability
assessmentofthemeasurementswasperformedusingananalysisofvarianceandcalculationofreliability
coefficients.Theassessmentoftheareameasurementsshowedsignificantvariancesseenintheexaminer
variableforbothtechniquesresultinginlowreliabilitycoefficients.Conversely,theresultsforthepositional
measurementsshowednosignificantdifferencesinthevariancesbetweenexaminerswithexceptionally
highreliabilitycoefficients.Itwasconcludedthatbothtechniqueswerereliablemethodstoproduce
bitemarkoverlaysinassessingtoothposition.PMID:15818864
251.InvestigationsofMagneticOverlayersattheAdvancedPhotonSource
Tobin,JGYu,SButterfield,MT
20090626
MagneticoverlayersofFeandCohavebeeninvestigatedwithXrayMagneticCircularDichroisminXray
AbsorptionSpectroscopy(XMCDABS)andPhotoelectronSpectroscopy(PES),includingSpinResolved
PhotoelectronSpectroscopy(SRPES),atBeamline4attheAdvancedPhotonSource(APS).Particular
emphasiswasplacedupontheinterrogationofthe2plevelsoftheFe.
252.InvestigationsofmagneticoverlayersattheAdvancedPhotonSource
Tobin,J.G.Yu,S.W.Butterfield,M.T.Komesu,TakashiWaddill,G.D.
20100827
MagneticoverlayersofFeandCohavebeeninvestigatedwithxraymagneticcirculardichroisminxray
absorptionspectroscopyandphotoelectronspectroscopy,includingspinresolvedphotoelectron
spectroscopy,atBeamline4attheAdvancedPhotonSource.Particularemphasiswasplaceduponthe
interrogationofthe2plevelsoftheFe.
253.Dualwireweldingtorchandmethod(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/986535)
Diez,FernandoMartinezStump,KevinS.Ludewig,HowardW.Kilty,AlanL.Robinson,MatthewM.
Egland,KeithM.
20090428
Aweldingtorchincludesanozzlewithafirstweldingwireguideconfiguredtoorientafirstweldingwireina
firstweldingwireorientation,andasecondweldingwireguideconfiguredtoorientasecondweldingwirein
asecondweldingwireorientationthatisnoncoplanaranddivergentwithrespecttothefirstweldingwire
orientation.Amethodofweldingincludesmovingaweldingtorchwithrespecttoaworkpiecejointtobe
welded.Duringmovingtheweldingtorch,afirstweldingwireisfedthroughafirstweldingwireguide
definingafirstweldingwireorientationandasecondweldingwireisfedthroughasecondweldingwire
guidedefiningasecondweldingwireorientationthatisdivergentandnoncoplanarwithrespecttothefirst
weldingwireorientation.
254.UltrasonicStirWelding(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150009449)
Nabors,Sammy
20150101
NASAMarshallSpaceFlightCenter(MSFC)developedUltrasonicStirWelding(USW)tojoinlargepieces
ofveryhighstrengthmetalssuchastitaniumandInconel.USW,asolidstateweldprocess,improves
currentthermalstirweldingprocessesbyaddinghighpowerultrasonic(HPU)energyat20kHzfrequency.
Theadditionofultrasonicenergysignificantlyreducesaxial,frictional,andshearforcesincreasestravel
ratesandreduceswearonthestirrod,whichresultsinextendedstirrodlife.TheUSWprocessdecouples
theheating,stirring,andforgingelementsfoundinthefrictionstirweldingprocessallowingforindependent
controlofeachprocesselementand,ultimately,greaterprocesscontrolandrepeatability.Becauseofthe
independentcontrolofUSWprocesselements,closedlooptemperaturecontrolcanbeintegratedintothe
systemsothataconstantweldnuggettemperaturecanbemaintainedduringwelding.
255.WeldinginSpaceWorkshop(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19920003051)
Workman,GaryL.
19900101
Thepotentialwasdiscussedforweldinginspace,itsadvantagesanddisadvantages,andwhattypeof
programscanbenefitfromthecapability.Reviewofthevariouspresentationsandcommentsmadeinthe
courseoftheworkshopsuggestsseveralroutestoobtainingabetterunderstandingofhowwelding
processescanbeusedinNASA'sinitiativesinspace.Theyareasfollows:(1)developmentofadocument
identifyingwellprocessesandequipmentrequirementsapplicabletospaceandlunarenvironments(2)
moredemonstrationsofweldingparticularhardwarewhicharetobeusedintheaboveenvironments,
especiallyforspacerepairoperations(3)increasedawarenessamongcontractorsresponsibleforbuilding
spaceequipmentastothepotentialforweldingoperationsinspaceandonotherplanetarybodiesand(4)
continuationofspaceweldingresearchprojectsisimportanttomaintainawarenesswithinNASAthat
weldinginspaceisviableandbeneficial.
256.ManganeseContentControlinWeldMetalDuringMAGWelding
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MS%26E..142a2026C)
Chinakhov,D.A.Chinakhova,E.D.Sapozhkov,A.S.
20160801
TheinfluenceoftheweldingcurrentandmethodofgasshieldinginMAGweldingonthecontentof
manganeseisconsideredinthepaper.Resultsofstudyoftheweldedspecimensofsteels45when
applyingweldingwireofdifferentformulasanddifferenttypesofgasshielding(traditionalshieldingand
doublejetshielding)aregiven.ItisfoundthatinMAGweldingthevalueoftheweldingcurrentandthe
speedofthegasflowfromtheweldingnozzlehaveaconsiderableimpactonthechemicalcompositionof
theweldmetal.Theconsumableelectrodeweldingunderdoublejetgasshieldingprovidesthedirected
gasdynamicsintheweldingareaandenablescontrollingtheelectrodemetaltransferandthechemical
compositionofaweld.
257.WELDEDJACKETEDURANIUMBODY(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/4303037)
Gurinsky,D.H.
19580826
Afuelelementispresentedforaneutronicreactorandiscomprisedofauraniumbody,anonfissionable
jacketsurroundingsaldbody,thujacketincludingaportionsealedbyaweld,andaninclusioninsaid
sealedjacketatsaidweldofafiuxhavingalowneutroncapturecrosssection.Thefluxisprovidedby
combiningchlorinegasandhydrogenintheintenseheatofthearc,ina"Heliarc"weldingmuthod,toform
dryhydrochloricacidgas.
258.Computerbasedproductionofbitemarkcomparisonoverlays.
Sweet,DParhar,MWood,RE
19980901
Bitemarkcomparisonprotocolsincludemeasurementandanalysisofthepattern,size,andshapeofteeth
againstsimilarcharacteristicsobservedinaninjuryonskinoramarkonanobject.Thephysical
comparisonoftoothpositionoftendependsupontransparentacetateoverlaystodetectsimilaritiesor
differencesbetweentheteethandthebitemark.Severalmethodsareusedtoproducelifesized
comparisonoverlays.Theperimeterofthebitingedgesoftheanteriorteethareusuallyrecordedto
producefacsimileimagescalledhollowvolumeoverlays.Someinvestigatorshandtracetheseoutlinesfrom
dentalstudycasts,orfrombiteexemplarsproducedinwax,styrofoam,orsimilarmaterials.Someuse
handtracedoutlinesfromxerographicimagesproducedwithofficephotocopiersthatarecalibratedto
producelifesizedfinalimages.Othersuseradiographicimagesandtonelinephotographyofwax
exemplarsfilledwithradioopaquematerials,suchasmetalfilingsorbariumsulfate.Dependenceupon
subjectiveinputbytheodontologisttotracetheseimagesmanuallyisconsideredproblematic.Thisis
becausetheerrorsincorporatedatanyproductionstageareincreasedinthefinalproduct.Theauthors
havedevelopedamethodtogenerateaccuratehollowvolumeoverlaysusingcomputerbasedtechniques.
APowerPCMacintoshcomputer,flatbedscanner,andAdobePhotoshop(apopulargraphicalinterface
application)areusedtoacquire,select,arrangeandexportdetaileddatafromclassandindividual
characteristicsofasuspect'steethtoacetatefilmloadedinahighresolutionlaserprinter.Thispaper
describesthistechniquetoenabletheodontologisttoproducehighquality,accuratecomparisonoverlays
withoutsubjectiveinput.PMID:9729824
259.Computerbasedproductionofbitemarkcomparisonoverlays.
Sweet,DParhar,MWood,RE
19980901
Bitemarkcomparisonprotocolsincludemeasurementandanalysisofthepattern,size,andshapeofteeth
againstsimilarcharacteristicsobservedinaninjuryonskinoramarkonanobject.Thephysical
comparisonoftoothpositionoftendependsupontransparentacetateoverlaystodetectsimilaritiesor
differencesbetweentheteethandthebitemark.Severalmethodsareusedtoproducelifesized
comparisonoverlays.Theperimeterofthebitingedgesoftheanteriorteethareusuallyrecordedto
producefacsimileimagescalledhollowvolumeoverlays.Someinvestigatorshandtracetheseoutlinesfrom
dentalstudycasts,orfrombiteexemplarsproducedinwax,styrofoam,orsimilarmaterials.Someuse
handtracedoutlinesfromxerographicimagesproducedwithofficephotocopiersthatarecalibratedto
producelifesizedfinalimages.Othersuseradiographicimagesandtonelinephotographyofwax
exemplarsfilledwithradioopaquematerials,suchasmetalfilingsorbariumsulfate.Dependenceupon
subjectiveinputbytheodontologisttotracetheseimagesmanuallyisconsideredproblematic.Thisis
becausetheerrorsincorporatedatanyproductionstageareincreasedinthefinalproduct.Theauthors
havedevelopedamethodtogenerateaccuratehollowvolumeoverlaysusingcomputerbasedtechniques.
APowerPCMacintoshcomputer,flatbedscanner,andAdobePhotoshop(apopulargraphicalinterface
application)areusedtoacquire,select,arrangeandexportdetaileddatafromclassandindividual
characteristicsofasuspect'steethtoacetatefilmloadedinahighresolutionlaserprinter.Thispaper
describesthistechniquetoenabletheodontologisttoproducehighquality,accuratecomparisonoverlays
withoutsubjectiveinput.
260.IRSpotWeldInspect(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/1231757irspotweldinspect)
()
20140101
Inautomotiveindustry,destructiveinspectionofspotweldsisstillthemandatoryqualityassurancemethod
duetothelackofefficientnondestructiveevaluation(NDE)tools.However,itiscostlyandtimeconsuming.
RecentlyatORNL,anewNDEprototypesystemforspotweldinspectionusinginfrared(IR)thermography
hasbeendevelopedtoaddressthisproblem.Thissoftwarecontainsallthekeyfunctionsthatensurethe
NDEsystemtoworkproperly:systeminput/outputcontrol,imageacquisition,datamoreanalysis,weld
qualitydatabasegenerationandweldqualityprediction,etc.less
11 12 13 14 15
12 13 14 15 16
261.IRSpotWeldInspect(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/1231757)
Chen,JianFeng,Zhili
20140101
Inautomotiveindustry,destructiveinspectionofspotweldsisstillthemandatoryqualityassurancemethod
duetothelackofefficientnondestructiveevaluation(NDE)tools.However,itiscostlyandtimeconsuming.
RecentlyatORNL,anewNDEprototypesystemforspotweldinspectionusinginfrared(IR)thermography
hasbeendevelopedtoaddressthisproblem.Thissoftwarecontainsallthekeyfunctionsthatensurethe
NDEsystemtoworkproperly:systeminput/outputcontrol,imageacquisition,dataanalysis,weldquality
databasegenerationandweldqualityprediction,etc.
262.PhysicsofFusionWelding(http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
R=19860000398&hterms=solid+state+physics&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3D%2528%2528solid%2Bs
Nunes,A.C.,Jr.
19860101
Applicabilitiesandlimitationsofthreetechniquesanalyzed.NASAtechnicalmemorandumdiscusses
physicsofelectronbeam,gas/tungstenarc,andlaserbeamwelding.Fromcomparisonofcapabilitiesand
limitationsofeachtechniquewithregardtovariousweldingconditionsandmaterials,possibletodevelop
criteriaforselectingbestweldingtechniqueinspecificapplication.Allthreetechniquesclassifiedasfusion
weldingsmallvolumeofworkpiecemeltedbyintenseheatsource.Heatsourcemovedalongseam,
leavinginwakesolidmetalthatjoinsseamedgestogether.
263.Electricarcweldinggun(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/863149)
Luttrell,EdwardTurner,PaulW.
19780101
Thisinventionrelatestoimprovedapparatusforarcweldinganinteriorjointformedbyintersectingtubular
members.Asanexample,theinventioniswellsuitedforapplicationswheremanysimilarsmalldiameter
verticallinesaretobeweldedtoalonghorizontalheader.Theimprovedapparatusincludesanarcwelding
gunhavingaspeciallydesignedweldingheadwhichisnotonlyverycompactbutalsoproducesweldsthat
areessentiallyfreefromrolledoversolidifiedmetal.Theweldingheadconsistsoftheupperendofthe
barrelandareverselyextendingelectrodeholder,ortip,whichdefinesanacuteanglewiththebarrel.As
usedintheabovementionedexample,thegunispositionedtoextendupwardlythroughthevertical
memberandthejointtobewelded,withitsweldingheaddisposedwithinthehorizontalheader.Depending
onthedesignoftheweldinghead,thebarreltheniseitherrotatedorrevolvedabouttheaxisofthevertical
membertocausetheelectrodetotrackthejoint.
264.Investigationofsemiconductorcladopticalwaveguides(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19850020473)
Batchman,T.E.Carson,R.F.
19850101
Avarietyoftechniqueshavebeenproposedforfabricatingintegratedopticaldevicesusing
semiconductors,lithiumniobate,andglassesaswaveguidesandsubstrates.Theuseofglasswaveguides
andtheirinteractionwiththinsemiconductorcladdinglayerswasstudied.Thoughtheinteractionsofthese
multilayerwaveguidestructureshavebeenanalyzedhereusingglass,theymaybeapplicabletoother
typesofmaterialsaswell.Theprimaryreasonforusingglassisthatitprovidesasimple,inexpensiveway
toconstructwaveguidesanddevices.
265.PWRcoreswithsiliconcarbidecladding(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/22105674)
Dobisesky,J.P.Carpenter,D.Pilat,E.Kazimi,M.S.
20120701
ThefeasibilityofusingsiliconcarbideratherthanZircaloycladding,toreachhigherpowerlevelsandhigher
dischargeburnupsinPWRshasbeenevaluated.Apreliminaryfueldesignusingfuelrodswiththesame
dimensionsasintheWestinghouseRobustFuelAssemblybutwithfuelpelletshaving10vol%centralvoid
hasbeenadoptedtomitigatethehigherfueltemperaturesthatoccurduetothelowerthermalconductivity
ofthesiliconcarbideandtothepersistenceoftheopencladpelletgapovermostofthefuellife.Withthis
modifiedfueldesign,itispossibletoachieve18monthcyclesthatmeetpresentdayoperatingconstraints
onpeakingfactor,boronconcentration,reactivitycoefficientsandshutdownmargin,whileallowingbatch
averagedischargeburnupsupto80MWD/kgUandpeakrodburnupsupto100MWD/kgU.Poweruprates
of10%andpossibly20%alsoappearfeasible.Fornonupratedcores,thesiliconcarbidecladfuelhasa
clearadvantagethatincreaseswithincreasingdischargeburnup.Evenforcomparabledischargeburnups,
thereisasavingsinenricheduranium.Controlrodconfigurationmodificationsmayberequiredtomeetthe
shutdownmargincriterionforthe20%uprate.Siliconcarbide'sabilitytosustainhigherburnupsthan
Zircaloyalsoallowsthedesignofalicensabletwoyearcyclewithonly96freshassemblies,avoidingthe
enricheduraniumpenaltyincurredwithuseoflargerbatchsizesduetotheirexcessiveleakage.(authors)
266.PossibilityofMultimaterialLaserCladdingFabricationofNickelAlloyandStainlessSteel
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhPro..83..634K)
Kotoban,D.Aramov,A.Tarasova,T.
Therearesomeapplicationsintheindustryformultimaterialcomponents,includingdeviceengineering
andmultifunctionalsurfaceengineering,havingtoeliminateabrazingorweldingtechnologicalstep.This
studyinvestigatesthelasercladdingprocessparameters,relatedsingletrackgeometryandqualityofmulti
materialsamples.Theoptimalprocessparametersforsteelwerefoundof0.210.26J/mm2and0.25102
g/mmunderthescanningvelocityof14001700mm/minandpowderfeedingof4.24.5g/min.Thebimetal
thinwalls,cylindersandcubesweremanufacturedwithintheoptimalconditions.Therequirementsofsteel
andnickeljoiningwereexplored.Fortheexamination,theopticalmicroscopy,SEM,EDXmicroelement
analysisandhardnessanalysiswereinvolved.
267.HighperformancePTAweldsurfacing:Increaseintheservicelifeofcomponentssubjecttowearand
corrosion(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/115541)
Bouaifi,B.Draugelates,U.Sommer,D.
19941231
Componentsofmachinesandplantsinthesmelting,chemical,andplasticsindustriesaswellas
mechanicalworkingandcompactingtechnologyaresubjecttoincreasinglyseverecorrosiveattackand
abrasion.insuchcases,theuseofcompositematerials,inconstructionsavesrawmaterialsandthusoffers
aneconomicalsolution.Thesurfacefunctionistherebyensuredbyaprotectivecladdingadaptedtothe
requirements,whereasthesubstrate,whichusuallyconsistsofmoreeconomicalmaterial,absorbsthe
mechanicalloads.Anovelmethodforapplyingcladdingsasaprotectionagainstcomplexloadsconsisting
ofwear,corrosion,andtemperatureishighperformanceplasmaweldingincombinationwiththe
powder/wireordualpowdertechnique.Asaresultofseparatefeedofthematrixmetalandthehear
materials,thehardnessorthermalhardeningbehaviorandtheassociatedpropertiesanddurabilityofthe
protectivecladdingcanbemutuallymatched,forinstance.Accordingly,thematrixandthehardmaterials
embeddedthereinexertasubstantialinfluenceonthedurabilitywithrespecttotype,quantity,size,and
distribution.Themechanicalandchemicalpropertiesoftheentirealloysystemarelikewiseofvital
importanceforthequalityofhardcladdings.Thepossibilitiesofapplyingreproducible,highlywearresistant
protectivecladdingswithahighcontentofhardmaterialbyplasmaweldsurfacingincombinationwiththe
powder/wireordualpowdertechniquehavebeeninvestigatedindetailatISAF.Withinthescopeofthis
article,suchsurfaceweldedcladdingsforcomplexloadswiththecombineduseofironornickelbased
alloysasmatrixmaterialandniobiumcarbide(NbC),tungstenfusioncarbides(WSC)orvanadiumcarbides
(VC)ashardmaterialsaredescribedanddiscussed.
268.Improveddiffusionweldingandrollweldingoftitaniumalloys(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19730000005)
Holko,K.H.
19730101
Autovacuumcleaningtechniquewasappliedtotitaniumpartspriortowelding.Thisprovidesoxidefree
weldingsurfaces.Diffusionweldingcanbeaccomplishedinaslittleasfiveminutesofhotpressing.Roll
weldingcanbeaccomplishedwithonlytenpercentdeformation.
269.Laboratorystudiesofshear/leachprocessingofzircaloycladmetallicuraniumreactorfuel
Swanson,J.L.Bray,L.A.Kjarmo,H.E.Ryan,J.L.Matsuzaki,C.L.Pitman,S.G.Haberman,J.H.
19851201
Thesafetyaspectsaddressedcenteredonunderstandingandexplainingtheundesirablereactions,''fires,''
observedinafewinstancesduringearlierprocessingofsuchfuelattheNuclearFuelsServices(NFS)
plantatWestValley,NewYork.ConsiderationofthedissolverfiresthatoccurredatNFSleadstothe
conclusionthattheyresultedfromrapidreactionswithuraniummetal,ratherthanwithzirconiummetalor
withsensitizedweldbeads.ThefiresobservedatNFSduringhullshandlingoperationsmayhaveinvolved
sensitizedweldbeadsassuggestedbyearlierinvestigators,butcurrentresultssuggestthatthesefiresalso
couldhavebeencausedbyreactionsinvolvinguraniummetal.Verylittlepyrophoricactivitywasobserved
inleeachedcladdinghulls,indicatingaverylowprobabilityforsafetyproblemsresultingfromtheUZr
intermetalliczoneinNReactorfuel.Considerationofthepotentialroleofhydridesinthefiresobservedat
NFSindicatesthattheywerealsonotimportantfactors.Considerationwasalsogiventoprotective
atmospherestobeusedduringshearingtopreventexcessivereactionduringthatoperation.Awater
delugeduringshearingwilllikelyprovideadequatesafetywhilemeshingwellwithotherprocess
considerations.Studiesonthedissolutionofmetallicuraniuminnitricacidshowaninitialslowerreaction
followedbyafasterreactionthatproceedsatasustainedrateforaprolongedperiodoftime.Atsolution
concentrationstypicalofthoseencounteredinpracticaluraniumdissolverconditions,thissustainedrateis
governedbyanequationsuchas:Dissolutionrate=K(surfacearea)((HNO3)+2(U))/sup2.6/.Little
differencewasfoundindissolutionratesofasfabricatedandofirradiatedfuel.Thetransuranicelement
contentofleachedcladdinghullswasfoundtobeapprox.400nCi/g.Thisistoohightoallowdisposalas
lowlevelwaste.
270.Electricallyheatedexreactorpelletcladdinginteraction(PCI)simulationsutilizingirradiatedZircaloy
cladding.[PWR(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/6021014)
Barner,J.O.Fitzsimmons,D.E.
19850201
InaprogramsponsoredbytheFuelSystemsResearchBranchoftheUSNuclearRegulatoryCommission,
aseriesofsixelectricallyheatedfuelrodsimulationtestswereconductedatPacificNorthwestLaboratory.
Theprimaryobjectiveofthesetestswastodeterminethesusceptibilityofirradiatedpressurizedwater
reactor(PWR)Zircaloy4claddingtofailurescausedbypelletcladdingmechanicalinteraction(PCMI).A
secondaryobjectivewastoacquirekineticdata(e.g.,ridgegrowthorrelaxationrates)thatmightbehelpful
intheinterpretationofinreactorperformanceresultsand/orthemodelingofPCMI.Nocladdingfailures
attributabletoPCMIoccurredduringthesixtests.Thisreportdescribesthetestingmethods,testing
apparatus,fuelroddiametralstrainmeasuringdevice,andtestmatrix.Testresultsarepresentedand
discussed.
271.MicrostructureandMechanicalPropertiesofLaserCladandPostcladdingTemperedAISIH13ToolSteel
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MMTA...46.2309T)
Telasang,GururajDuttaMajumdar,JyotsnaWasekar,NitinPadmanabham,G.Manna,Indranil
20150501
Thisstudyreportsadetailedinvestigationofthemicrostructureandmechanicalproperties(wearresistance
andtensilestrength)ofhardenedandtemperedAISIH13toolsteelsubstratefollowinglasercladdingwith
AISIH13toolsteelpowderinascladandafterpostcladdingconventionalbulkisothermaltempering[at
823K(550C)for2hours]heattreatment.LasercladdingwascarriedoutonAISIH13toolsteel
substrateusinga6kWcontinuouswavediodelasercoupledwithfiberdeliveringanenergydensityof133
J/mm2andequippedwithacoaxialpowderfeedingnozzlecapableoffeedingpowderattherateof13.3
103g/mm2.Lasercladzonecomprisesmartensite,retainedaustenite,andcarbides,andmeasuresan
averagehardnessof600to650VHN.Subsequentisothermaltemperingconvertedthemicrostructureinto
onewithtemperedmartensiteanduniformdispersionofcarbideswithahardnessof550to650VHN.
Interestingly,lasercladdingintroducedresidualcompressivestressof67015MPa,whichreducesto
58020MPafollowingisothermaltempering.Microtensiletestingwithspecimensmachinedfromthe
cladzoneacrossortransversetocladdingdirectionshowedhighstrengthbutfailureinbrittlemode.Onthe
otherhand,similartestingwithsamplessectionedfromthecladzoneparallelorlongitudinaltothedirection
oflasercladdingpriortoandafterpostcladdingtemperingrecordedlowerstrengthbutductilefailurewith
4.7and8pctelongation,respectively.Wearresistanceofthelasersurfacecladandpostcladding
temperedsamples(evaluatedbyfrettingweartesting)registeredsuperiorperformanceascomparedto
thatofconventionalhardenedandtemperedAISIH13toolsteel.
272.AlSiMnAlloyCoatingonAluminumSubstrateUsingColdMetalTransfer(CMT)WeldingTechnique
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JOM....66f1061R)
Rajeev,G.P.Kamaraj,M.Bakshi,S.R.
20140601
Thecoldmetaltransfer(CMT)processwasexploredasaweldoverlaytechniqueforsynthesizingAlSiMn
alloycoatingonacommerciallypureAlplate.Theeffectofweldingspeedonthebeadgeometry,
depositionrate,andthedilutionwerestudiedandthebestparameterwasusedtosynthesizethecoatings.
TheCMTprocesscanbeusedtoproducethickcoatings(>2.5mm)withoutporosityandwithlowdilution
levels.TheVickershardnessnumberoftheAlsubstrateincreasedfrom28inthebulkto57inthecoating.
ItissuggestedthattheCMTprocesscanbeaneffectiveandenergyefficienttechniquefordepositingthick
coatingsandisusefulinweldrepairofaluminumalloycomponents.
273.AnisotropicPropertiesofStainlessSteelCladAluminumSheet
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AIPC.1252..357K)
Kim,DaeyongHwang,BumKyuLee,YoungSeonKim,JiHoonKim,MinJoong
20100601
Theproductionofastainlesssteelcladaluminumsheetbythecoldrollingprocessisamoreefficient
andeconomicalapproachcomparedwiththeothertypesofprocessesutilizedfortheproductionofsuch
sheets.Becauseboththestainlesssteelandaluminumsheetsshowthehighlyanisotropicbehavior,itis
necessarytoinvestigateanisotropicpropertiesofcladsheetsforthedesignofprocess.Inthispaper,to
investigatetheanisotropicpropertiesofstainlesssteelcladaluminumsheet,twokindsofcladsheets
wereconsidered:STS439/AA3003andSTS439/AA1050/STS304cladsheets.Theuniaxialtensiontestsat
0,45and90degreesfortherollingdirectionwereperformedtoobtainedyieldstressesandRvalues.The
strainratioatbalancedbiaxialtensionstatewasmeasuredfromcompressiondisktest.Inordertodescribe
theanisotropicbehaviorofthecladsheet,nonquadraticanisotropicyieldfunctionYld20002dwasutilized.
274.Fineweldingwithlasers.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18557404)
MacLellan,D
20080101
Theneedformicrojoiningmetallicalloysforsurgicalinstruments,implantsandadvancedmedicaldevices
isdrivingarapidincreaseintheimplementationoflaserweldingtechnologyinresearch,developmentand
volumeproduction.Thisarticlediscussestheadvantagesofthisweldingmethodandthetypesoflasers
usedintheprocess.
275.Weldingbladestorotors(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19730019783)
Hoklo,K.H.Moore,T.J.(Inventor)
19730101
AprocessisdescribedtoformTjointsbetweendissimilarthicknesspartsbymagneticforceupsetwelding.
Thistypeofresistanceweldingisusedtojoincompressorandturbinepartswhichtherebyreducesthe
weightandcostofjetengines.
276.AdvancedWeldingTorch(http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=MSFC
9311278&hterms=torch&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dtorch)
19960101
InordertomoreeasilyjointhehugesectionsoftheSpaceShuttleexternaltank,MarshallSpaceFlight
CenterinitiateddevelopmentoftheexistingconceptofVariablePolarityPlasmaArc(VPPA)welding.VPPA
weldingemploysavariablecurrentwaveformthatallowsthesystemtooperateforpresettimeincrements
ineitheroftwopolaritymodesforeffectivejoiningoflightalloys.
277.RemovingWeldingFumes(http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
R=19870000198&hterms=smoke+welding&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dsmoke%2Bwelding)
Moore,LloydJ.Hall,VandelL.
19870101
Portableexhaustductformachiningandweldingshopsremovesoilmist,dust,smoke,andfumes.Duct
usedwithshopexhaustsystem,inletsofwhichplacedatvariousconvenientlocationsinshopfloor.
Flangedconnectoronundersideofwheeledbaselinksflexibletubetoexhaustsystemunderfloor.Made
especiallyforweldinginroomwithlowceiling.
278.LaserWeldinginSpace(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910018227)
Workman,GaryL.Kaukler,WilliamF.
19890101
Solidificationtypeweldingprocessexperimentsinconditionsofmicrogravitywereperformed.Theroleof
convectioninsuchphenomenawasexaminedandconvectiveeffectsinthesmallvolumesobtainedinthe
laserweldzonewereobserved.Heattransferwithintheweldwasaffectedbyaccelerationlevelas
indicatedbytheresultingmicrostructurechangesinlowgravity.Allexperimentswereperformedsuchthat
bothhighandlowgravityweldsoccurredalongthesameweldbeam,allowingtheeffectsofgravityaloneto
beexamined.Resultsindicatethatlaserweldinginaspaceenvironmentisfeasibleandcanbesafely
performedIVAorEVA.DevelopmentofthehardwaretoperformtheexperimentinaHitchhikergplatformis
recomendedasthenextstep.ThisexperimentprovidesNASAwithacapabletechnologyforweldingneeds
inspace.TheresourcesrequiredtoperformthisexperimentaboardaShuttleHitchhikerpalletare
assessed.Overthefouryearperiod1991to1994,itisrecommendedthatthetaskwillrequire13.6
manyearsand$914,900.Inadditiontodemonstratingthetechnologyandferretingouttheproblems
encountered,itissuggestedthatNASAwillalsohaveausefullasermaterialsprocessingfacilityforworking
withboththescientificandtheengineeringaspectsofmaterialsprocessinginspace.Severalconceptsare
alsoincludedforlongtermoptimizationofavailablesolarpowerthroughsolarpumpingsolidstatelasers
directlyforweldingpower.
279.NASAweldingassessmentprogram(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19850017534)
Patterson,R.E.
19850101
Aprogramwasconductedtodemonstratethecyclelifecapabilityofweldedsolarcellmodulesrelativetoa
solderedsolarcellmoduleinasimulatedlowearthorbitthermalenvironment.Atotaloffive18cellwelded
(parallelgapresistancewelding)modules,three18cellsolderedmodules,andeighteensinglecell
sampleswerefabricatedusing2x4cmsiliconsolarcellsfromASEC,fusedsilicacoverglassfromOCLI,
silverplatedInvarinterconnectors,DC93500adhesive,andKaptonKevlarKaptonflexiblesubstrate
material.Zerodegreepullstrengthrangedfrom2.4to5.7lbsforfrontweldedcontacts(40samples),and
3.5to6.2lbsforbackweldedcontacts(40samples).Solarcellcrosssectionsshowsolidstateweldingon
bothfrontandrearcontacts.The18cellweldedmoduleshaveaspecificpowerof124W/kgandanarea
powerdensityof142W/sqm(bothat28C).Threeweldedandonesolderedmodulewerethermalcycle
testedinathermalvacuumchambersimulatingalowearthorbitthermalenvironment.
280.VocationalPreparationCurriculum:Welding.(http://eric.ed.gov/?q=true+AND+colors&pg=7&id=ED195809)
Usoro,Hogan
Designedtobeaworkableguideforinstructorsservingtheoccupationalneedsofvariouscategoriesof
disadvantagedandhandicappedstudents,thisweldingcurriculumcontainsfourteenunitsofselfpacedand
selfcontainedinstructionalmaterials.Theinstructionalunitscoverthefollowingtopics:jobopportunitiesin
welding,safetyrulesin
12 13 14 15 16
13 14 15 16 17
281.DCarcweldstarter(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/867503)
Campiotti,RichardH.Hopwood,JamesE.
19900101
AsystemforstartinganarcforweldingusesthreeDCpowersupplies,ahighvoltagesupplyforinitiating
thearc,anintermediatevoltagesupplyforsustainingthearc,andalowvoltageweldingsupplydirectly
connectedacrossthegapafterthehighvoltagesupplyisdisconnected.
282.Welding:ScopeandSequence.(http://eric.ed.gov/?q=tungsten&pg=3&id=ED267223)
NashvilleDavidsonCountyMetropolitanPublicSchools,TN.
IntendedforusebyallweldinginstructorsintheMetropolitanNashvillePublicSchools,thisguideprovides
asequentiallistingofcoursecontentandscope.Acoursedescriptionprovidesabriefoverviewofthe
contentofthecoursesofferedintheweldingprogram.Generalcourseobjectivesarethenlisted.Outlines
ofthecoursecontentare
283.Transverselypolarizedsourcecladdingforanopticalfiber(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950004984)
Egalon,ClaudioOliveira(Inventor)Rogowski,RobertS.(Inventor)
19940101
Anopticalfibercomprisingafibercorehavingalongitudinalsymmetryaxisisprovided.Anactivecladding
surroundsaportionofthefibercoreandcompriseslightproducingsourceswhichemitlightinresponseto
chemicalorlightexcitation.Thecladdingsourcesareorientedtransverselywithrespecttothelongitudinal
axisofthefibercore.Thispolarizationresultsinasuperiorpowerefficiencycomparedtoactivecladding
sourcesthatarerandomlypolarizedorlongitudinallypolarizedparallelwiththelongitudinalsymmetryaxis.
284.Cladfibercapacitorandmethodofmakingsame(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/1108977)
Tuncer,Enis
20131126
Acladcapacitorandmethodofmanufactureincludesassemblingapreformcomprisingaductile,
electricallyconductivefiberaductile,electricallyinsulatingcladdingpositionedonthefiberaductile,
electricallyconductivesleevepositionedoverthecladding.Oneormoreofthepreformsarethenbundled,
heatedanddrawnalongalongitudinalaxistodecreasethediameteroftheductilecomponentsofthe
preformandfusethepreformintoaunitizedstrand.
285.Cladfibercapacitorandmethodofmakingsame(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/1082355)
Tuncer,Enis
20121211
Acladcapacitorandmethodofmanufactureincludesassemblingapreformcomprisingaductile,
electricallyconductivefiberaductile,electricallyinsulatingcladdingpositionedonthefiberandaductile,
electricallyconductivesleevepositionedoverthecladding.Oneormorepreformsarethenbundled,heated
anddrawnalongalongitudinalaxistodecreasethediameteroftheductilecomponentsofthepreformand
fusethepreformintoaunitizedstrand.
286.DevelopmentandcharacterisationsofWC12Comicrowaveclad
Zafar,SunnySharma,ApurbbaKumar
20141015
Inthepresentwork,WC12CobasedcermetcladwasdevelopedonAISI304stainlesssteelusing
microwavehybridheatingtechnique.Theexperimentaltrialswerecarriedoutina1.4kWindustrial
multimodemicrowaveapplicator.Thepaperexplainsthemajoreventsoccurringduringmicrowave
irradiationandformationofclad.Thedevelopedcladsweresubsequentlycharacterisedthroughfield
emissionscanningelectronmicroscopyequippedwithenergydispersiveXrayspectroscopy,Xray
diffraction,assessmentofporosityandmicrohardness.TheWC12Cocladsdevelopedwithan
approximatethicknessof1mm,illustratedexcellentmetallurgicalbondingwithsubstrate.The
microstructureoftheWC12Cocladmainlyconsistsofskeletonstructuredcarbidesembeddedintough
metallicphase.Thephaseanalysisofthedevelopedcladsindicatethepresenceofvariousstableand
complexcarbideslikeCo{sub6}W{sub6}C,Co{sub3}W{sub3}CandFe{sub6}W{sub6}C.Theuniform
distributionofsuchcarbideswithskeletonlikemorphologyinthemicrostructureisindicativeofhigh
hardnessoftheclad.Thedevelopedcladswerefreefromvisibleinterfacialcrackingandthecladporosity
wasfoundintheorderofapproximately0.98%.TheaveragemicrohardnessoftheWC12Comicrowave
cladswasobservedtobe113588HV.Highlights:MicrowavecladdingofWC12CoonAISI304
stainlesssteeliscarriedout.SkeletonlikestructuresofWCobasedcarbidesareembeddedin
metallicmatrix.Cladsubstrateinterfaceisfreefromunmeltedandundissolvedcarbideparticles.
Hardnessofclad(113588HV)is3.5timesthatofthesubstrate(32549HV)
287.AlternatingPolarityArcWelding(http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
R=19870000367&hterms=polarity&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dpolarity)
Schwinghamer,R.J.
19870101
Briefreversingpolarityofweldingcurrentgreatlyimprovesqualityofwelds.NASAtechnicalmemorandum
recountsprogressinartofvariablepolarityplasmaarc(VPPA)welding,withemphasisonweldingof
aluminumalloytanks.VPPAweldersofferimportantadvantagesoverconventionalsinglepolarity
gas/tungstenarcwelders.
288.ArgonWeldingInsideAWorkpiece(http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
R=19880000393&hterms=Argon&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D80%26Ntt%3DArgon)
Morgan,GeneE.
19880101
Canopiesconvertlargehollowworkpieceintoinertgasweldingchamber.Largemanifoldserveswelding
chamberforattachmentoflinerpartsinargonatmosphere.Everycrevice,openingandpassageway
providedwithargonrichenvironment.Welddefectsandoxidationdramaticallyreducedalsoweldingtime
reduced.
289.ArcReflectorForWeldingDucts(http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
R=19900000552&hterms=arc+welding&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Darc%2Bwelding)
Gilbert,JeffreyL.
19900101
Arclightreflectorforthroughthetorchweldingvisionsystemdesignedexpresslyforuseinweldingductsof
smalldiameter.Cylindricalreflectorpositionedtoreflectlightdiffuselyfromweldingarcontonearbysurface
ofworkpieceformostadvantageousviewingalongaxisofweldingtorch.
290.MultiholeArcWeldingOrifice(http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
R=19890000576&hterms=arc+welding&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Darc%2Bwelding)
Swaim,BenjiD.
19890101
Modifiedorificeforvariablepolarityplasmaarcweldingdirectsweldingplumesoitcreatesclean,even
weldsonbothInconel(R)andaluminumalloys.Includeseightholestorelievebackpressureinplasma.
Qualityofweldsonferrousandnonferrousalloysimprovedasresult.
291.Ultrasonicseamwelding.Finalreport(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/5349417)
Darner,G.S.
19800601
Ultrasonicseamweldinghasbeenevaluatedformakingcontinuousseamweldsonaluminumandcopper
foilconductors.Aseamweldingsystemhasbeendesignedandfabricated,weldablematerialcombinations
havebeenidentified,andtheprocessparametersforweldingmaterialsapplicabletoflatcableproduction
havebeenestablished.
292.Effectofweldingpositiononporosityformationinaluminumalloywelds
Haryung,J.Wroth,R.S.
19670101
Programinvestigatestheeffectsofvariedweldingpositionsonweldqualities.Progressivechangesinbead
geometryoccurastheweldplaneangleisvariedfromupslopetodownslope.Thegravitationaleffecton
theweldpuddlevariesgreatlywithweldingposition.
293.Acomparativestudyofoverlaygenerationmethodsinbitemarkanalysis
(http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3746467)
Khatri,MihirDaniel,MariappanJonathanSrinivasan,SubramanianVasudevan
20130101
Aim:Toevaluatethebestmethodofoverlaygenerationoutofthethreemethods,i.e.,manual,
photocopying,andcomputerassistedmethod.MaterialsandMethods:Impressionsofmaxillaryand
mandibulararchesof25individualsparticipatinginthestudyweremadeanddentalstudymodelswere
prepared.Overlayproductionwasdonebymanual,photocopying,andcomputerassistedmethods.Finally,
theoverlaysobtainedbyeachmethodwerecompared.Results:KruskalWallisANOVAHtestwasusedfor
thecomparisonofmanual,photocopying,andcomputerassistedoverlaygenerationmethods.Hvalue
beinghighestincaseofcomputerassistedoverlays,thus,makingitthebestmethodofoverlaygeneration
outofthethreemethods.Conclusion:Weconcludethatthemethodofcomputerassistedoverlay
generationisthebestamongthethreemethodsusedinourstudy.PMID:23960410
294.Methodforweldingberyllium(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/462865)
Dixon,R.D.Smith,F.M.O`Leary,R.F.
19970401
maycomprisealuminumandsilicon.9figs.
295.WeldingSensorSystem(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020080920)
19930101
AsystemoriginallydesignedforweldingcomponentsofthehugeSpaceShuttleexternaltankledtoalaser
basedautomatedwelderforindustrialuse.Alasersensortrackstheseamwheretwopiecesofmetalareto
bejoined,measuresgaps,misfitsandautomaticallycorrectsweldingoftorchdistanceandheight.Asmall
industrialcomputertranslatesthesensor'sinformationtotheweldheadandrecordsanddisplayswelddata
forcontrolpurposesandanalysis.ThesystemwasmodifiedforcommercialusebyMarshallSpaceFlight
Center(MSFC),MartinMariettaandAppliedResearch,Inc.,whichproducesthecommercialsystem.
Applicationsareinindustrialweldingprocessesthatrequirerepetitiveoperationsandahighdegreeof
reliability.
296.Methodforweldingberyllium(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/555449)
Dixon,R.D.Smith,F.M.O`Leary,R.F.
19951231
maycomprisealuminumandsilicon.Berylliumpartsmadeusingthismethodcanbeusedasstructural
componentsinaircraft,satellitesandspaceapplications.
297.GrindingPartsForAutomaticWelding(http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
R=19890000037&hterms=surface+grinding&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dsurface%2Bgrinding)
Burley,RichardK.Hoult,WilliamS.
19890101
Rollersguidegrindingtoolalongprospectiveweldingpath.Skatelikefixtureholdsrotarygrinderorfilefor
machininglargediameterringsorringsegmentsinpreparationforwelding.Operatorgraspshandlesto
pushrollingfixturealongpart.Rollersmaintainprecisedimensionalrelationshipsogrindingwheelcuts
precisedepth.Fixturemountedgrindermachinessurfacetoqualitysufficientforautomaticweldingmanual
weldingwithattendantvariationsanddistortionnotnecessary.Developedtoenableautomaticweldingof
parts,manualweldingofwhichresultedinweldbeadpermeatedwithmicroscopicfissures.
298.Modelingthedynamicalinteractionbetweenepidemicsonoverlaynetworks
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhRvE..84b6105M)
Marceau,VincentNol,PierreAndrHbertDufresne,LaurentAllard,AntoineDub,LouisJ.
20110801
Epidemicsseldomoccurasisolatedphenomena.Typically,twoormoreviralagentsspreadwithinthesame
hostpopulationandmayinteractdynamicallywitheachother.Wepresentageneralmodelwheretwoviral
agentsinteractviaanimmunitymechanismastheypropagatesimultaneouslyontwonetworksconnecting
thesamesetofnodes.Byexploitingacorrespondencebetweenthepropagationdynamicsanda
dynamicalprocessperformingprogressivenetworkgeneration,wedevelopananalyticalapproachthat
accuratelycapturesthedynamicalinteractionbetweenepidemicsonoverlaynetworks.Theformalism
allowsforoverlaynetworkswitharbitraryjointdegreedistributionandoverlap.Toillustratetheversatilityof
ourapproach,weconsiderahypotheticaldelayedinterventionscenarioinwhichanimmunizingagentis
disseminatedinahostpopulationtohinderthepropagationofanundesirableagent(e.g.,thespreadof
preventiveinformationinthecontextofanemerginginfectiousdisease).
299.ModelingofCooverlayersonPd(111)fromfirstprinciples(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgibin/nph
data_query?bibcode=2007SPIE.6597E..07U&link_type=ABSTRACT)
Uba,S.Uba,L.Antonov,V.N.
20070401
Theelectronic,magneticandmagnetoopticalpropertiesofCooverlayersonPd(111)substratehave
beeninvestigatedbyabinitiobandstructurecalculationswithinthespinpolarizedrelativisticlinearmuffin
thinorbitals(LMTO)methodandsupercellapproach.TheroleoftheCoPdinterfacestructure,thenumber
oftheCoatomiclayers(nCo),aswellasthespinorbitinteractionandinducedPdspinpolarization,in
formationofmagnetoopticalresponseofthestructuresfor[nCoCo/Pd(111)]systemisshown.Thesign
reversalofthepolarKerrrotationobtainedtheoreticallywithdecreasingthicknessofCooverlayersagrees
wellwithexperiment.Wewilldemonstratetheeffectivenessoftheextendednumericmodelingofmagneto
opticalpropertiesfromfirstprinciples.
300.Polymerwaveguideoverlaysforsidepolishedfiberdevices.
Lee,SGSokoloff,JPMcGinnis,BPSasabe,H
19980120
Severalpolymersoftenusedashostsinguesthostorganicthinfilmsystemswereinvestigatedfortheir
suitabilityasoverlaysforsidepolishedfiber(SPF)devices.Goodopticalquality,~10mumthickfilmswere
fabricatedbyspincoatingandappliedtoSPF'sbyuseofadecaldepositiontechniquetoproducepassive
devicessuchaschanneldropping(CD)filters,bandpassfilters,andpolarizerswithgoodthroughputand
highcontrastratios.ThemainCDfeaturescanbequantitativelyexplainedbyaweakcoupledmodemodel.
SPFstructureswithdopedoverlayswerealsoexamined.Thesemeasurementsprovidedameansof
determiningseveralSPFdeviceparametersandalsoallowedestimatesofthenonlinearitiesrequiredto
makeallopticalandelectroopticdevices.PMID:18268606
13 14 15 16 17
14 15 16 17 18
301.OndemandOverlayNetworksforLargeScientificDataTransfers
Ramakrishnan,LavanyaGuok,ChinJackson,KeithKissel,EzraSwany,D.MartinAgarwal,Deborah
20091012
Largescalescientificdatatransfersarecentraltoscientificprocesses.Datafromlargeexperimental
facilitieshavetobemovedtolocalinstitutionsforanalysisoroftendataneedstobemovedbetweenlocal
clustersandlargesupercomputingcenters.Inthispaper,weproposeandevaluateanetworkoverlay
architecturetoenablehighthroughput,ondemand,coordinateddatatransfersoverwideareanetworks.
OurworkleveragesPhoebusandOndemandSecureCircuitsandAdvanceReservationSystem(OSCARS)
toprovidehighperformancewideareanetworkconnections.OSCARSenablesdynamicprovisioningof
networkpathswithguaranteedbandwidthandPhoebusenablesthecoordinationandeffectiveutilizationof
theOSCARSnetworkpaths.Ourevaluationshowsthatthisapproachleadstoimprovedendtoenddata
transferthroughputwithminimaloverheads.Theachievedthroughputusingouroverlaywaslimitedonlyby
theabilityoftheendhoststosinkthedata.
302.FlutterAnalysisoftheShuttleTileOverlayRepairConcept(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070014908)
Bey,KimS.Scott,RobertC.Bartels,RobertE.Waters,WilliamA.Chen,Roger
20070101
TheSpaceShuttletileoverlayrepairconcept,developedattheNASAJohnsonSpaceCenter,isdesigned
foronorbitinstallationoveranareaofdamagedtiletopermitsafereentry.Thethinflexibleplateisplaced
overthedamagedareaandsecuredtotileatdiscreetpointsarounditsperimeter.Aseriesofflutter
analyseswereperformedtodetermineiftheonsetoffluttermettherequiredsafetymargins.Normal
vibrationmodesofthepanel,obtainedfromasimplifiedstructuralanalysisoftheinstalledconcept,were
combinedwithaseriesofaerodynamicanalysesofincreasinglevelsoffidelityintermsofmodelingtheflow
physicstodeterminetheonsetofflutter.Resultsfromtheseanalysesindicatethatitisunlikelythatthe
overlayinstalledatbodypoint1800willflutterduringreentry.
303.Ionbeammixingoftitaniumoverlayerswithhydroxyapaptitesubstrates
Levine,T.E.Nastasi,M.Alford,T.L.Suchicital,C.Russell,S.Luptak,K.Pizziconi,V.Mayer,J.W.
19950101
Themixingoftitaniumoverlayerswithhydroxyapatite(HA)substratesviaionirradiationhasbeen
demonstrated.Analysisviasecondaryionmassspectroscopy(SIMS)indicatesaninterfacialbroadeningof
titaniumandcalciumoftheimplantedsamplecomparedtothatoftheunimplantedsample.Attendanttothe
observedionbeammixingoftitaniumintotheHA,theoxygensignalofthetitaniumoverlayerincreasesas
aresultofionirradiation.Itissupposedthatthischangeisevidentofdiffusionthroughthemetallayerand
possiblyfromtitaniaformationatthefreesurfaceandperovskiteformationatthefilm/substrateinterface.
Thispossibilityisconsistentwiththermodynamicpredictions.Additionally,theforcerequiredtoseparatethe
filmfromthesubstrateincreasedasaresultofionirradiation,validatingthecontinuedstudyofionbeam
processingofTi/HAsystemstowardstheimprovementoflongtermfixationofimplantdevices.
304.MicrostructuralCharacterizationofCermetCladdingDevelopedThroughMicrowaveIrradiation
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JMEP...21.2165G)
Gupta,DheerajSharma,ApurbbaKumar
20121001
Inthepresentwork,claddingofhardfacingWC10Co2Nipowderonausteniticstainlesssteelhasbeen
developedthroughanovelprocessingtechnique.Thecladsweredevelopedusingmicrowavehybrid
heating.Thecladofaveragethickness~2mmhasbeendevelopedthroughtheexposureofmicrowave
radiationatfrequency2.45GHzandpower900Wforthedurationof360s.Thedevelopedcladswere
characterizedusingfieldemissionscanningelectronmicroscope,Xrayelementalanalysis,Xray
diffraction,andmeasurementofVicker'smicrohardness.Themicrostructurestudyofthecladshowedgood
metallurgicalbondingwithsubstrateandrevealedthatcladsarefreefromanyvisibleinterfacecracking.
Cladswereformedwithpartialdilutionofathinlayerofthesubstrate.Thecermetmicrostructuremainly
consistsofrelativelysoftmetallicmatrixphaseanduniformlydistributedhardcarbidephasewithskeleton
likestructure.Thedevelopedcladsexhibitanaveragemicrohardnessof106499Hv.Theporosityof
developedcladhasbeensignificantlylessatapproximately0.89%.
305.Anacousticvibrationsensorbasedontaperedtriplecladdingfiber(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgibin/nph
data_query?bibcode=2014SPIE.9157E..A8X&link_type=ABSTRACT)
Xu,HuiPang,FufeiZhao,ShiqiChen,ZhenyiWang,Tingyun
20140501
Anacousticvibrationsensorisinvestigatedanddemonstratedbyusingataperedtriplecladdingfiber
(TCF).Itisfabricatedbytaperingalengthof2cmTCFwhichissplicedbetweentwosinglemodefibers
(SMF).TheTCFconsistsofcore,innercladding,middlecladdingandoutercladding.Afterthetapering
process,thisstructurebecomesataperedcoaxialfibercouplerwhichpresentsaperiodicfiltering
transmissionspectrum.Thesurroundingvibrationperturbationcanbedirectlydemodulatedbyintensity
detectionofthetransmissionpowerataparticularwavelength.Theexperimentalresultshowsthatthe
maximumfrequencyresponseof700kHzisachieved.
306.Hollowcoreantiresonantfibreswithsplitcladding(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9728E..21H)
Huang,XiaoshengQi,WenliangHo,DarylLuan,FengYong,KenTyeYoo,Seongwoo
20160301
Asplitcladdingfibers(SCF)isproposedasanadditionaldesigntotheantiresonanttypefiber.The
introducedsplitcladdinghelpstoreducethefabricationdistortion.Weusenumericalsimulationsto
comparetheKagomefibers(KFs)andtheproposedsplitcladdingfibers(SCFs)overtwonormalized
transmissionbands.ItrevealsthatSCFsareabletomaintainthedesiredroundshapeofsilicacladding
walls,henceimprovingtheconfinementloss(CL)comparedtotheKF.FabricationoftheSCFis
demonstratedbythestackanddrawtechnique.Thenearfiledmodepatternsaremeasuredtoprovethe
feasibilityofthisfiberdesign.
307.Nuclearreactorfuelelementwithvanadiumgetteroncladding
Johnson,CarlE.Carroll,KennethG.
19770101
Anuclearreactorfuelelementisdescribedwhichhasanoutercladding,acentralcoreoffissionableor
mixedfissionableandfertilefuelmaterialandalayerofvanadiumasanoxygengetterontheinnersurface
ofthecladding.Thevanadiumreactswithoxygenreleasedbythefissionablematerialduringirradiationof
thecoretopreventtheoxygenfromreactingwithandcorrodingthecladding.Alsodescribedisamethod
forcoatingtheinnersurfaceofsmalldiametertubesofcladdingwithalayerofvanadium.
308.CorrosionofnickelandMonelweldsofsteelinchlorinetrifluoride
Fout,S.L.
19880725
Failuresintheweldareasofnickelplatedsteelpipecarryingchlorinetrifluoride,ClF/sub3/,promptedthis
investigationtodeterminetheeffectofweldcompositiononcorrosionbyClF/sub3/.Monel/steeland
nickel/steelalloysofcompositiontosimulateweldoverlaysweretestedtodeterminetheircorrosionratesin
ClF/sub3/at200/degree/Fand300/degree/F.Forbothnickel/steelandMonel/steel,thecorrosionratewas
higheratthehighertemperature.Fornickel/steelalloysatcompositionsupto50%iron,whichwouldcover
arangeconsiderednormalforwelding,thecorrosionratewouldbewithinacceptablelimits.For
Monel/steelalloys,compositionsupto35%ironhaveanacceptablecorrosionrate.Abovethis,the
corrosionwouldbegreaterthanatolerableamount.Itshouldposenoproblemtokeeptheheatinputtothe
weldlowenoughtoproduceaMonelweldwithanironcontentbelow35%.2refs.,5figs.,2tabs.
309.Microstructuralstudiesandcrystallographicorientationofdifferentzonesandhydridesinresistance
weldedZircaloy4sheets(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JNuM..414..341K)
KiranKumar,N.A.P.Szpunar,Jerzy.A.He,Zhang
20110701
Thecoldworkedstressrelieved(CWSR)Zircaloy4sheetusedasendplateinnuclearfuelbundleis
resistanceweldedwithanendcapinargonenvironment.Latertheweldedsampleishydridedinagaseous
atmosphereat400C.Opticalmicroscopy(OM),electronbackscatterdiffraction(EBSD)andXray
diffraction(XRD)wereusedtoexaminethemorphologyandcrystalorientationofthehydrides.The
microstructuralchangesindifferentareasoftheweldzone,heataffectedzone(HAZ)andtheasreceived
zonewereanalyzedusingEBSDtechnique.Opticalexaminationshowedcompleterandommorphological
orientationofhydridesandpredominantlybasketweavestructureintheweldzone,withveryfewcolonies
ofparallelplatestructures.Variantselectionforphaseformationinsidepriorgrainswasidentifiedat
theweldcentre.Aswemovefromtheweldcentretotheasreceivedzone,thevariantselectionisfoundto
belessprobable.Thehydrideplateletsattheweldzonewerealwaysfoundtobegrowingperpendicular
tothecolonieshavingangulardifferenceof6063andfollow(0001)Zr//{111}ZrH1.5
orientationrelationshipwiththezirconiummatrix.Proposeddescriptionofcomplexdistributionofhydrides
andalloymicrostructureattheweldandheataffectedzonewillcontributetoabetterunderstandingof
mechanismsoffailureoffuelcladdinginvarioustypesofnuclearreactors.
310.Plaqueassayofbluegillvirususingamethylcelluloseoverlay.
Robin,JLarivireDurand,CBerthiaume,L
19821201
TheEFDLstrainofBluegillvirus(BGV)hasbeentitratedinBF2cellsbytheplaquemethodusing1%
methylcelluloseoverlay.Visibleplaques,formed7dayspostinfection,rangedindiameterfrom0.5to1mm.
Doseresponseexperimentsindicatedthatasingleparticleinitiatedtheformationofaplaque.Thetitration
ofBGVbythisnewplaquemethodprovidedanaccuratetechniqueforthedeterminationofvirus
concentration.
311.Groundtruthdatagenerationforskullfaceoverlay.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25267257)
Ibez,OCavalli,FCampomaneslvarez,BRCampomaneslvarez,CValsecchi,AHuete,MI
20150501
Objectiveandunbiasedvalidationstudiesoverasignificantnumberofcasesarerequiredtogetamore
solidpictureoncraniofacialsuperimpositionreliability.Itwillnotbepossibletocomparetheperformanceof
existingandupcomingmethodsforcraniofacialsuperimpositionwithoutacommonforensicdatabase
availablefortheresearchcommunity.Skullfaceoverlayisakeytaskwithincraniofacialsuperimposition
thathasadirectinfluenceonthesubsequenttaskdevotedtoevaluatetheskullfacerelationships.Inthis
work,wepresenttheproceduretocreateforthefirsttimesuchadataset.Wehavealsocreateda
databasewith19skullfaceoverlaycasesforwhichwearetryingtoovercomelegalissuesthatallowusto
makeitpublic.Thequantitativeanalysismadeinthesegmentationandregistrationstages,togetherwith
thevisualassessmentofthe19facetofaceoverlays,allowsustoconcludethattheresultscanbe
consideredasagoldstandard.Withsuchagroundtruthdataset,anewhorizonisopenedforthe
developmentofnewautomaticmethodswhoseperformancecouldbenowobjectivelymeasuredand
comparedagainstpreviousandfutureproposals.Additionally,otherusesareexpectedtobeexploredto
betterunderstandthevisualevaluationprocessofcraniofacialrelationshipsincraniofacialidentification.It
couldbeveryusefulalsoasastartingpointforfurtherstudiesonthepredictionoftheresultingfacial
morphologyaftercorrectiveorreconstructiveinterventionisminmaxillofacialsurgery.
312.Groundtruthdatagenerationforskullfaceoverlay.(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25267257)
Ibez,OCavalli,FCampomaneslvarez,BRCampomaneslvarez,CValsecchi,AHuete,MI
20150501
Objectiveandunbiasedvalidationstudiesoverasignificantnumberofcasesarerequiredtogetamore
solidpictureoncraniofacialsuperimpositionreliability.Itwillnotbepossibletocomparetheperformanceof
existingandupcomingmethodsforcraniofacialsuperimpositionwithoutacommonforensicdatabase
availablefortheresearchcommunity.Skullfaceoverlayisakeytaskwithincraniofacialsuperimposition
thathasadirectinfluenceonthesubsequenttaskdevotedtoevaluatetheskullfacerelationships.Inthis
work,wepresenttheproceduretocreateforthefirsttimesuchadataset.Wehavealsocreateda
databasewith19skullfaceoverlaycasesforwhichwearetryingtoovercomelegalissuesthatallowusto
makeitpublic.Thequantitativeanalysismadeinthesegmentationandregistrationstages,togetherwith
thevisualassessmentofthe19facetofaceoverlays,allowsustoconcludethattheresultscanbe
consideredasagoldstandard.Withsuchagroundtruthdataset,anewhorizonisopenedforthe
developmentofnewautomaticmethodswhoseperformancecouldbenowobjectivelymeasuredand
comparedagainstpreviousandfutureproposals.Additionally,otherusesareexpectedtobeexploredto
betterunderstandthevisualevaluationprocessofcraniofacialrelationshipsincraniofacialidentification.It
couldbeveryusefulalsoasastartingpointforfurtherstudiesonthepredictionoftheresultingfacial
morphologyaftercorrectiveorreconstructiveinterventionisminmaxillofacialsurgery.PMID:25267257
313.DiffusionBarrierstoIncreasetheOxidativeLifeofOverlayCoatings
Nesbitt,JamesA.Lei,JihFen
19990101
Currently,mostbladesandvanesinthehottestsectionofaerogasturbineenginesrequiresometypeof
coatingforoxidationprotection.Newlydevelopedsinglecrystalsuperalloyshavethemechanicalpotential
tooperateatincreasinglyhighercomponenttemperatures.However,attheseelevatedtemperatures,
coating/substrateinterdiffusioncanshortentheprotectivelifeofthecoating.Diffusionbarriersbetween
overlaycoatingsandsubstratesarebeingexaminedtoextendtheprotectivelifeofthecoating.A
previouslydevelopedfinitedifferencediffusionmodelhasbeenmodifiedtopredicttheoxidativelife
enhancementduetouseofadiffusionbarrier.Theoriginaldiffusionmodel,designatedCOSIM,simulates
AldiffusioninthecoatingtothegrowingoxidescaleaswellasAldiffusionintothesubstrate.TheCOSIM
modelincorporatesanoxidegrowthandspallingmodeltoprovidetherateofAlconsumptionduringcyclic
oxidation.CoatingfailureispredictedwhentheAlconcentrationatthecoatingsurfacedropstoadefined
criticallevel.ThemodifiedCOSIMmodelpredictstheoxidativelifeofanoverlaycoatingwhenadiffusion
barrierispresenteliminatingdiffusionofAlfromthecoatingintothesubstrate.Boththeoriginalandthe
modifieddiffusionmodelshavebeenusedtopredicttheeffectivenessofadiffusionbarrierinextendingthe
protectivelifeofaNiCrAloverlaycoatingundergoingcyclicoxidationat1100C.
314.DECONTAMINATIONOFZIRCALOYSPENTFUELCLADDINGHULLS
Rudisill,TJohnMickalonis,J
20060927
Thereprocessingofcommercialspentnuclearfuel(SNF)generatesaZircaloycladdinghullwastewhich
requiresdisposalasahighlevelwasteinthegeologicrepository.Thehullsareprimarilycontaminatedwith
fissionproductsandactinidesfromthefuel.Duringfuelirradiation,thesecontaminantsaredepositedina
thinlayerofzirconiumoxide(ZrO{sub2})whichformsonthecladdingsurfaceattheelevatedtemperatures
presentinanuclearreactor.Therefore,ifthehullsaretreatedtoremovetheZrO{sub2}layer,amajorityof
thecontaminationwillberemovedandthehullscouldpotentiallymeetacceptancecriteriafordisposalasa
lowlevelwaste(LLW).DiscardofthehullsasaLLWwouldresultinsignificantsavingsduetothehighcosts
associatedwithgeologicdisposal.Toassessthefeasibilityofdecontaminatingspentfuelcladdinghulls,two
treatmentprocessesdevelopedfordissolvingfuelscontainingzirconium(Zr)metaloralloyswere
evaluated.SmallscaledissolutionexperimentswereperformedusingtheZIRFLEXprocesswhichemploys
aboilingammoniumfluoride(NH{sub4}F)/ammoniumnitrate(NH{sub4}NO{sub3})solutiontodissolveZr
orZircaloycladdingandahydrofluoricacid(HF)processdevelopedforcompletedissolutionofZr
containingfuels.ThefeasibilityexperimentswereperformedusingZircaloy4metalcouponswhichwere
electrochemicallyoxidizedtoproduceathinZrO{sub2}layeronthesurface.Oncetheoxidelayerwasin
place,theeaseofremovingthelayerusingmethodsbasedonthetwoprocesseswasevaluated.The
ZIRFLEXandHFdissolutionprocesseswerebothsuccessfulinremovinga0.2mm(thick)oxidelayerfrom
Zircaloy4coupons.AlthoughtheZIRFLEXprocesswaseffectiveinremovingtheoxidelayer,twopotential
shortcomingswereidentified.Theformationofammoniumhexafluorozirconate((NH{sub4}){sub2}ZrF{sub
6})onthemetalsurfacepriortodissolutioninthebulksolutioncouldhinderthedecontamination
315.Weldanalysisandcontrolsystem(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080003996)
Kennedy,LarryZ.(Inventor)Rodgers,MichaelH.(Inventor)Powell,BradleyW.(Inventor)Burroughs,
IvanA.(Inventor)Goode,K.Wayne(Inventor)
19940101
TheinventionisaWeldAnalysisandControlSystemdevelopedforactiveweldsystemcontrolthroughreal
timewelddataacquisition.Closedloopcontrolisbasedonanalysisofweldsystemparametersandweld
geometry.Thesystemisadaptedforusewithautomatedweldingapparatushavingaweldcontrollerwhich
iscapableofactiveelectroniccontrolofallaspectsofaweldingoperation.Enhancedgraphicsanddata
displaysareprovidedforpostweldanalysis.Thesystemprovidesparameteracquisition,includingseam
locationwhichisacquiredforactivetorchcrossseampositioning.Torchstandoffisalsomonitoredfor
control.Weldbeadandparentsurfacegeometricalparametersareacquiredasanindicationofweld
quality.Theseparametersincludemismatch,peaking,undercut,underfill,crownheight,weldwidth,puddle
diameter,andothermeasurableinformationabouttheweldpuddleregions,suchaspuddlesymmetry,etc.
Theseparametersprovideabasisforactivecontrolaswellaspostweldqualityanalysisandverification.
Weldsystemparameters,suchasvoltage,currentandwirefeedrate,arealsomonitoredandarchivedfor
correlationwithqualityparameters.
316.FerriticAlloysasAccidentTolerantFuelCladdingMaterialforLightWaterReactors
Rebak,RaulB.
20140930
TheobjectiveoftheGEprojectistodemonstratethatadvancedsteelssuchasironchromiumaluminum
(FeCrAl)alloyscouldbeusedasaccidenttolerantfuelcladdingmaterialincommerciallightwaterreactors.
TheGEprojectdoesnotincludefueldevelopment.CurrentfindingssupporttheconceptthataFeCrAlalloy
couldbeusedforthecladdingofcommercialnuclearfuel.Theuseofthisalloywillbenefitthepublicsinceit
isgoingtomakethepowergeneratinglightwaterreactorssafer.InthePhase1Aofthiscostshared
project,GE(GRC+GNF)teamedwiththeUniversityofMichigan,LosAlamosNationalLaboratory,
BrookhavenNationalLaboratory,IdahoNationalLaboratory,andOakRidgeNationalLaboratorytostudy
theenvironmentalandmechanicalbehaviorofmorethaneightcandidatecladdingmaterialsbothunder
normaloperationconditionsofcommercialnuclearreactorsandunderaccidentconditionsinsuperheated
steam(lossofcoolantcondition).Themainfindingsareasfollows:(1)Undernormaloperationconditions
thecandidatealloys(e.g.APMT,Alloy33)showedexcellentresistancetogeneralcorrosion,shadow
corrosionandtoenvironmentallyassistedcracking.APMTalsoshowedresistancetoprotonirradiationup
to5dpa.(2)Underaccidentconditionstheselectedcandidatematerialsshowedseveralordersof
magnitudeimprovementinthereactionwithsuperheatedsteamascomparedwiththecurrentzirconium
basedalloys.(3)TubefabricationfeasibilitystudiesofFeCrAlalloysareunderway.Theaimistoobtaina
wallthicknessthatisbelow400m.(4)Astrategyisoutlinedfortheregulatorypathapprovalandforthe
insertionofaleadfuelassemblyinacommercialreactorby2022.(5)TheGEteamworkedcloselywithINL
tohavefourrodletstestedintheATR.GEprovidedtherawstockforthealloys,thefuelfortherodletsand
thecostforfabrication/weldingoftherodlets.INLfabricatedtherodletsandthecapsandweldedthemto
317.Rheologicalevaluationofpretreatedcladdingremovalwaste
McCarthy,D.Chan,M.K.C.Lokken,R.O.
19860101
Claddingremovalwaste(CRW)containsconcentrationsoftransuranic(TRU)elementsinthe80to350
nCi/grange.ThiswastewillrequirepretreatmentbeforeitcanbedisposedofasglassorgroutatHanford.
TheCRWwillbepretreatedwitharareearthstrikeandsolidsremovalbycentrifugationtosegregatethe
TRUfractionfromthenonTRUfractionofthewaste.Thecentrifugecentratewillbeneutralizedwith
sodiumhydroxide.Thisneutralizedcladdingremovalwaste(NCRW)isexpectedtobesuitableforgrouting.
TheTRUsolidsremovedbycentrifugationwillbevitrified.ThegoaloftheRheologicalEvaluationof
PretreatedCladdingRemovalWasteProgramwastoevaluatethoserheologicalandtransportproperties
criticaltoassuringsuccessfulhandlingoftheNCRWandTRUsolidsstreamsandtodemonstratetransfers
inasemiprototypicpumpingenvironment.Thisgoalwasachievedbyacombinationoflaboratoryand
pilotscaleevaluations.Theresultsobtainedduringtheseevaluationswerecorrelatedwithclassical
rheologicalmodelsandscaleduptopredicttheperformancethatislikelytooccurinthefullscalesystem.
TheProgramusedsimulatedNCRWandTRUsolidslurries.RockwellHanfordOperations(Rockwell)
provided150gallonsofsimulatedCRWand5gallonsofsimulatedTRUsolidslurry.ThesimulatedCRW
wasneutralizedbyPacificNorthwestLaboratory(PNL).Thephysicalandrheologicalpropertiesofthe
NCRWandTRUsolidslurrieswereevaluatedinthelaboratory.ThepropertiesdisplayedbyNCRWallowed
ittobeclassifiedasapseudoplasticoryieldpseudoplasticnonNewtonianfluid.TheTRUsolidsslurry
containedveryfewsolids.Thisslurryexhibitedthepropertiesassociatedwithapseudoplasticnon
Newtonianfluid.
318.Photoniclanternwithcladdingremovablefibers(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014SPIE.9151E..4CS)
Sun,WeiminYan,QiBi,YaoYu,HaijiaoLiu,XiaoqiXue,JiulingTian,HeLiu,Yongjun
20140701
Recently,spectralmeasurementbecomesanimportanttoolinastronomytofindexoplanetsetc.Thefibers
areusedtotransferlightfromthefocalplatetospectrometers.Togethighresolutionspectrum,theinput
slitsofthespectrometersshouldbeasnarrowaspossible.Inopposite,thelightspotsfromthefibersare
circle,whichdiametersareclearlywiderthanthewidthofthespectrometerslits.Toreducetheenergyloss
ofthefiberguidestarlight,manykindsofimageslicersweredesignedandfabricatedtotransformlight
spotfromcircletolinear.Somedifferentsetupoffiberslicersareintroducedbydifferentresearchgroups
aroundtheworld.Thephotoniclanternsarecandidatesoffiberslicers.Photoniclanternincludesthree
parts:insertedfibers,preformortubing,tapedpartofthepreformortubing.Usuallytheopticalfields
concentrateintheformercorearea,sothelightspotsarenotuniformfromthetaperedendofthelantern.
Wedesigned,fabricatedandtestedaspecialkindofphotoniclantern.Thespecialfibersconsistpolymer
claddinganddopedhighindexcore.Thepolymercladdingcouldbeeasilyremovedusingacetonebath,
whilethefibercoreremainsingoodcondition.Weinsertedthepurehighindexcoresintoapuresilica
tubingandtaperedit.Duringthetaperingprocess,thegapsbetweentheinsertedfibersdisappeared.
Finallywecangetauniformtaperedmultimodefiberend.Thesimulationresultsshowthatthelongerthe
taperis,thelowerthelossis.Theshapeofthetapershouldbecontrolledcarefully.Alargezonemoving
flametapermachinewasfabricatedtomakethespecialphotoniclantern.Threesamplesofphotonic
lanternswerefabricatedandtested.Thelanternswithcladdingremovablefibersguidelightuniforminthe
taperedendsthatmeanstheselanternscouldcollectmorelightfromthoseends.
319.Zircaloycladdingdegradationunderrepositoryconditions(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/137958)
Santanam,L.Raghavan,S.Chin,B.A.Shaw,H.
19901201
Creep,apotentialdegradationmechanismofZircaloycladdingafterrepositorydisposalofspentnuclear
fuel,hasbeeninvestigated.Thedeformationandfracturemapmethodologyhasbeenusedtopredict
maximumallowableinitialstoragetemperaturestoachieveathousandyearlifewithoutruptureasa
functionofspentfuelhistory.Maximumallowabletemperaturesare340{degree}C(613K)fortypically
stressedrods(70100MPa)and300{degree}C(573K)forhighlystressedrods(140160MPa).10refs.,
2figs.
320.Effectiveabsorptionincladdingpumpedfibers(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011SPIE.7914E..1TZ)
Zervas,MichalisN.Marshall,AndyKim,Jaesun
20110201
Weinvestigateexperimentallyandtheoreticallythewavelengthdependenceofthepumpabsorptionalong
Yb3+dopedfibers,forcladdingpumpedsingleaswellascoupledmultimode(GTWaveTM)fibers.We
showthatsignificantspectralabsorptiondistortionsoccuralongthelengthwiththe976nmabsorptionpeak
affectedthemost.Wehavedevelopedanoveltheoreticalapproach,basedoncoupledmodetheory,to
explaintheobservedeffects.Wehavealsoinvestigatedthemodemixingrequirementsinordertoimprove
theabsorptionspectraldistributionalongtheincreasetheoverallabsorptionefficiencyanddiscussthe
implicationsonfiberlaserperformance.
14 15 16 17 18
15 16 17 18 19
321.Resistanceseamwelding(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/10132481)
Hollar,D.L.Jr.
19920301
Considerableinsightandunderstandingwereachievedinregardtotheinfluenceofalloftheweld
parametersontheseamweldprocessesatAlliedSignalInc.,KansasCityDivision(KCD).Several
mechanicalimprovementsweremadeintheseamweldequipment.Theelectrodedesignwasmodifiedto
includeglassbeadblastingoftheperiphery.Thisgreatlyimprovedtheelectrodeperformanceconsistency.
Also,thenewelectrodedesigndefinedarefurbishingprocessthatallowedtheelectrodestobeusedupto
threetimes.Originally,theelectrodeswerediscardedafteroneuse.Asubstantialcostsavingsresulted
formthisimprovement.AOto1500amperecurrenttransformerwasinsertedintheweldcircuittomonitor
weldcurrentduringtheweldasanadditionalprocesscontrolelement.Thetransformerisalsousedto
calibratetheweldpowersupply.Amonocularmicroscopewithacrosshairreticlewasaddedtoallowmore
preciseelectrodealignment.Otherimprovementsincludedincreasedbrushspringforceandtheadditionof
a5to1gearreductionontheelectrodedrivemotor.5refs.
322.ModelofLayeredWeldFormationUnderNarrowGapPulseWelding
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MS%26E..125a2021K)
Krampit,A.G.
20160401
Themodelparametersofnarrowgappulseweldingcanbedividedintoinput,internalandoutputones.The
breadthofgap,thatis,clearancebreadthbetweenuprightedgesisoneofkeyparameterssecuringhigh
qualityofaweldjoint.Thepaperpresentstheoreticaloutcomesforthemodeloflayeredweldformation
undernarrowgappulsewelding.Basedonthesestudiesisdevelopedmodelofprocesses,whichoccurin
theweldpoolunderpulsegrovewelding.Itcomprisestheschemeofliquidmetalmotionintheweldpool,
schemeoffusionwiththesideedgeandinthebottompart,andtheschemeofweldingcurrentimpulse
effectonthestructureofaweldjoint.
323.Surfacestudiesofiridiumalloygrainboundariesassociatedwithweldcracking
Mosley,W.C.
19820101
Plutonium238oxidefuelpelletsfortheGeneralPurposeHeatSource(GPHS)Radioisotopic
ThermoelectricGeneratorstobeusedontheNASAGalileoMissiontoJupiterandtheInternationalSolar
PolarMissionareproducedandencapsulatediniridiumalloyattheSavannahRiverPlant(SRP).
Underbeadcracksoccasionallyoccurinthegirthweldontheiridiumalloycladventsetsintheregion
wherethegastungstenarcisquenched.Grainboundarystructuresandcompositionswerecharacterized
byscanningelectronmicroscopy/xrayenergyspectroscopy,electronmicroprobeanalysisandscanning
Augermicroprobeanalysistodeterminethecauseofweldquenchareacracking.Resultssuggestthatweld
quenchareacrackingmaybecausedbygasporosityorliquationinthegrainboundaries.
324.CapabilityforFineTuningoftheRefractiveIndexSensingPropertiesofLongPeriodGratingsbyAtomic
LayerDepositedAl2O3Overlays(http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?
mietana,MateuszMyliwiec,MarcinMikulic,PredragWitkowski,BartomiejS.Bock,WojtekJ.
20130101
Thisworkpresentsanapplicationofthinaluminumoxide(Al2O3)filmsobtainedusingatomiclayer
deposition(ALD)forfinetuningthespectralresponseandrefractiveindex(RI)sensitivityoflongperiod
gratings(LPGs)inducedinopticalfibers.Thetechniqueallowsforanefficientandwellcontrolleddeposition
atmonolayerlevel(resolution0.12nm)ofexcellentqualitynanofilmsasrequiredforopticalsensors.
TheeffectofAl2O3depositiononthespectralpropertiesoftheLPGsisdemonstratedexperimentallyand
numerically.WecorrelatedboththeincreaseinAl2O3thicknessandchangesinopticalpropertiesofthe
filmwiththeshiftoftheLPGresonancewavelengthandprovedthatsimilarfilmsaredepositedonfibers
andoxidizedsiliconreferencesamplesinthesameprocessrun.Sincethethinoverlayeffectivelychanges
thedistributionofthecladdingmodesandthusalsotunesthedevice'sRIsensitivity,thetuningcanbe
simplyrealizedbyvaryingnumberofcycles,whichisproportionaltothicknessofthehighrefractiveindex
(n>1.6ininfraredspectralrange)Al2O3film.Theadvantageofthisapproachistheprecisionin
determiningthefilmpropertiesresultinginRIsensitivityoftheLPGs.Tothebestofourknowledge,thisis
thefirsttimethatanultraprecisemethodforoverlaydepositionhasbeenappliedonLPGsforRItuning
purposesandtheresultshavebeencomparedwithnumericalsimulationsbasedonLPmode
approximation.
325.ImagingTheLeadingEdgeOfAWeld(http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?
R=19940000120&hterms=Mcgee&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAuthor
Name%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3DMcgee)
Mcgee,WilliamF.Rybicki,DanielJ.
19940101
Proposedopticalsystemintegratedintoplasmaarcweldingtorchprovidesimageofleadingedgeofweld
poolandweldingarcinitiationpoint.Weldingtorchalignedbetterwithjoint.Systemincludescoherent
bundleofopticalfibersandtransparentcup.
326.Roboticsforweldingresearch(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/5694241)
Braun,G.Jones,J.
19840901
TheweldingmetallurgyresearchandeducationprogramatColoradoSchoolofMines(CSM)ishelping
industriesmakethetransitiontowardautomationbytrainingstudentsinrobotics.Industry'sinterestis
primarilyinpickandplaceoperations,althoughroboticscanincreaseefficiencyinareasotherthan
production.Trainingstudentstodevelopfullyautomatedroboticweldingsystemswillusherinnew
curriculumrequirementsintheareaofcomputersandmicroprocessors.ThePuma560robotisCSM's
newestacquisitionforweldingresearch5references,2figures,1table.
327.APPARATUSFORARCWELDING(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/4174538)
Lingafelter,J.W.
19600401
Anapparatusisdescribedinwhichaweldingarccreatedbetweenanannularelectrodeandaworkpiece
movesundertheinfluenceofanelectromagneticfieldabouttheelectrodeinaclosedorannularpath.This
modeofweldingisspeciallysuitedtotheenclosingofnuclearfuelslugsinaprotectivecasing.For
example,auraniumslugisplacedinanaluminumcan,andanaluminumclosureisweldedtotheopenend
ofthecanalongaclosedorannularpathconformingtotheperipheryoftheendclosure.
328.Thermalstirweldingapparatus(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110014411)
Ding,R.Jeffrey(Inventor)
20110101
Aweldingmethodandapparatusareprovidedforformingaweldjointbetweenfirstandsecondelements
ofaworkpiece.Themethodincludesheatingthefirstandsecondelementstoformaninterfaceofmaterial
inaplasticizedormeltedstateinterfacebetweentheelements.Theinterfacematerialisthenallowedto
cooltoaplasticizedstateifpreviouslyinameltedstate.Theinterfacematerial,whileintheplasticized
state,isthenmixed,forexample,usingagrinding/extrudingprocess,toremoveanydendritictypeweld
microstructuresintroducedintotheinterfacematerialduringtheheatingprocess.
329.Thermalstirweldingprocess(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120012435)
Ding,R.Jeffrey(Inventor)
20120101
Aweldingmethodisprovidedforformingaweldjointbetweenfirstandsecondelementsofaworkpiece.
Themethodincludesheatingthefirstandsecondelementstoformaninterfaceofmaterialinaplasticized
ormeltedstateinterfacebetweentheelements.Theinterfacematerialisthenallowedtocooltoa
plasticizedstateifpreviouslyinameltedstate.Theinterfacematerial,whileintheplasticizedstate,isthen
mixed,forexample,usingagrinding/extrudingprocess,toremoveanydendritictypeweldmicrostructures
introducedintotheinterfacematerialduringtheheatingprocess.
330.Measurementofworkpiecetemperatureduringweldingforweldingrobotcontrol
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983STIN...8610534I)
Illegrams,P.F.A.
MIG/MAGweldingrobotseamtrackingsystembasedonasymetricallynoncontacttemperature
measurementispresented.Usingliteratureinformationontemperaturedistributionduringwelding,a
modelforthepredictionofthebehaviorofapyrometertwinisconstructed.Thetemperaturedifference
betweenthemeasuringpointsconstitutesthesignalforapositioncontrolofthetwinholdingweldingtorch.
Astemperaturemeasurementismadeimpossiblebyradiationoriginatingfromtheweldingarc,thisisdone
duringintermittentweldingintimeintervalsinwhichtheweldingarcisswitchedoff.
331.AchievingInclusionthroughCLAD:CollaborativeLearningAssessmentthroughDialogue
(http://eric.ed.gov/?q=N95+AND+test&id=EJ811418)
Fitch,E.FrankHulgin,KathleenM.
20080101
ThisstudymeasurestheeffectivenessofCollaborativeLearningAssessmentthroughDialogue(CLAD)on
readingachievementininclusiveclassroomsintheUSA.TheCLADprocessinvolvedstudents
collaborativelycompletingmultiplechoicequizzes,usingdialogueandcriticalthinkingtoreachconsensus
andreceivingimmediatefeedbackontheir
332.Metalcladaramidfibersforaerospacewireandcable(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19960009929)
Tokarsky,EdwardW.Dunham,MichaelG.Hunt,JamesE.Santoleri,E.DavidAllen,DavidB.
19950101
Highstrengthlightweightmetalcladaramidfiberscanprovidesignificantweightsavingswhenusedto
replaceconventionalmetalwireinaerospacecable.Anoverviewofmetalcladaramidfibermaterialsand
informationonperformanceanduseinbraidedelectricalshieldingandsignalconductorsisprovided.
333.Laserweldjig.[Patentapplication(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/6231486)
VanBlarigan,P.Haupt,D.L.
19801205
Asystemisprovidedforweldingaworkpiecealongapredeterminedweldlinethatmaybeofirregular
shape,whichincludesthestepofformingalipontheworkpiecetoextendparalleltotheweldline,and
movingtheworkpiecebyengagingthelipbetweenapairofrotatablemembers.Rotationofoneofthe
membersataconstantspeed,causestheworkpiecetomovesothatallpointsontheweldlinesequentially
passafixedpointinspaceataconstantspeed,sothatalaserweldingbeamcanbedirectedatthatfixed
pointtoformaweldalongtheweldline.Theworkpiececanincludeareusablejigformingthelip,andwith
thejigconstructedtodetachablyholdpartstobeweldedatapositionwhereintheweldlineoftheparts
extendsparalleltotheliponthejig.
334.FlowDynamicsinArcWelding(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/21055396)
Lowke,JohnJ.Tanaka,Manabu
20080221
Thestateoftheartfornumericalcomputationshasnowadvancedsothatthecapabilityiswithinsightof
calculatingweldshapesforanyarccurrent,weldinggas,weldingmaterialorconfiguration.Inherentin
thesecalculationsis'flowdynamics'appliedtoplasmaflowinthearcandliquidmetalflowintheweldpool.
Examplesofpredictionswhichareconsistentwithexperiment,arediscussedfor(1)conventionaltungsten
inertgaswelding,(2)theeffectofafractionofapercentofsulfurinsteel,whichcanincreasewelddepthby
morethanafactoroftwothroughchangesinthesurfacetension,(3)theeffectofaflux,whichcanproduce
increasedwelddepthduetoarcconstriction,(4)useofaluminiuminsteadofsteel,whenthemuchlarger
thermalconductivityofaluminiumgreatlyreducesthewelddepthand(5)additionofafewpercentof
hydrogentoargon,whichmarkedlyincreaseswelddepth.
335.FlowDynamicsinArcWelding(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AIPC..982..547L)
Lowke,JohnJ.Tanaka,Manabu
20080201
Thestateoftheartfornumericalcomputationshasnowadvancedsothatthecapabilityiswithinsightof
calculatingweldshapesforanyarccurrent,weldinggas,weldingmaterialorconfiguration.Inherentin
thesecalculationsis"flowdynamics"appliedtoplasmaflowinthearcandliquidmetalflowintheweldpool.
Examplesofpredictionswhichareconsistentwithexperiment,arediscussedfor(1)conventionaltungsten
inertgaswelding(2)theeffectofafractionofapercentofsulfurinsteel,whichcanincreasewelddepthby
morethanafactoroftwothroughchangesinthesurfacetension(3)theeffectofaflux,whichcanproduce
increasedwelddepthduetoarcconstriction(4)useofaluminiuminsteadofsteel,whenthemuchlarger
thermalconductivityofaluminiumgreatlyreducesthewelddepthand(5)additionofafewpercentof
hydrogentoargon,whichmarkedlyincreaseswelddepth.
336.Imageprocessingappliedtolasercladdingprocess(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/522453)
Meriaudeau,F.Truchetet,F.
19961231
Thelasercladdingprocess,whichconsistsofaddingameltpowdertoasubstrateinordertoimproveor
changethebehaviorofthematerialagainstcorrosion,fatigueandsoon,involvesalotofparameters.In
ordertoperformgoodtrackssomeparametersneedtobecontrolledduringtheprocess.Theauthors
presentherealowcostperformancesystemusingtwoCCDmatrixcameras.Onecameraprovidessurface
temperaturemeasurementswhiletheothergivesinformationrelativetothepowderdistributionor
geometriccharacteristicsofthetracks.Thesurfacetemperature(thankstoBeerLambert`slaw)enables
onetodetectvariationsinthemassfeedrate.Usingsuchasystemtheauthorsareabletodetect
fluctuationof2to3g/mininthemassflowrate.Theothercameragivestheminformationrelatedtothe
powderdistribution,asimplealgorithmappliedtothedataacquiredfromtheCCDmatrixcameraallows
themtoseeveryweakfluctuationswithinbothgazflux(carriageorprotectiongaz).Duringtheprocess,this
cameraisalsousedtoperformgeometricmeasurements.Theheightandthewidthofthetrackare
obtainedinrealtimeandenabletheoperatortofindinformationrelatedtotheprocessparameterssuchas
thespeedprocessing,themassflowrate.Theauthorsdisplaytheresultprovidedbytheirsysteminorder
toenhancetheefficiencyofthelasercladdingprocess.Theconclusionisdedicatedtoasummaryofthe
presentedworksandtheexpectationsforthefuture.
337.MaterialSelectionforAccidentTolerantFuelCladding
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MMTE....2..190P)
Pint,B.A.Terrani,K.A.Yamamoto,Y.Snead,L.L.
20150901
AlternativecladdingmaterialstoZrbasedalloysarebeinginvestigatedforaccidenttolerance,whichcanbe
definedas>100Ximprovement(comparedtoZrbasedalloys)inoxidationresistancetosteamorsteam
H2environmentsat1473K(1200C)forshorttimes.Afterreviewingawiderangeofcandidates,
currentsteamoxidationtestingisbeingconductedonMo,MAXphases,andFeCrAlalloys.Recently
reportedlowmasslossesforMoinsteamat1073K(800C)couldnotbereproduced.BothFeCrAland
MAXphaseTi2AlCformaprotectivealuminascaleinsteam.However,commercialTi2AlCthatwasnot
singlephase,formedamuchthickeroxideat1473K(1200C)insteamandsignificantTiO2,and
therefore,Ti2AlCmaybechallengingtoformasacladdingoracoating.AlloydevelopmentforFeCrAlis
seekingtomaintainitssteamoxidationresistanceto1748K(1475C),whilereducingitsCrcontentto
minimizesusceptibilitytoirradiationassisted'formation.Thecompositioneffectsandcriticallimitsto
retainingprotectivescaleformationat>1673K(1400C)arestillbeingevaluated.
338.Materialselectionforaccidenttolerantfuelcladding(http://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1155053material
selectionaccidenttolerantfuelcladding)
DOEPAGESBeta(http://www.osti.gov/pages)
20150914
Alternativecladdingmaterialsarebeinginvestigatedforaccidenttolerance,whichcanbedefinedas>100X
improvement(comparedtocurrentZrbasedalloys)inoxidationresistanceinsteamenvironmentsat
1200Cforshort(4h)times.Afterreviewingawiderangeofcandidates,currentsteamoxidation
testingisbeingconductedonMo,MAXphasesandFeCrAlalloys.Recentlyreportedlowmasslossesfor
Moinsteamat800Ccouldnotbereproduced.BothFeCrAlandMAXphaseTi2AlCformaprotective
aluminascaleinsteam.Therefore,commercialTi2AlCthatisnotsinglephase,formedamuchthicker
oxideat1200CinsteammoreandsignificantTiO2,andthereforemaybechallengingtouseasa
claddingoracoating.AlloydevelopmentforFeCrAlisseekingtomaintainitssteamoxidationresistanceto
1475C,whilereducingitsCrcontenttominimizesusceptibilitytoirradiationassistedCrrich
formation.Thecompositioneffectsandcriticallimitstoretainingprotectivescaleformationat>1400Care
stillbeingevaluated.less
339.Materialselectionforaccidenttolerantfuelcladding(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/1155053)
20150914
Alternativecladdingmaterialsarebeinginvestigatedforaccidenttolerance,whichcanbedefinedas>100X
improvement(comparedtocurrentZrbasedalloys)inoxidationresistanceinsteamenvironmentsat
1200Cforshort(4h)times.Afterreviewingawiderangeofcandidates,currentsteamoxidation
testingisbeingconductedonMo,MAXphasesandFeCrAlalloys.Recentlyreportedlowmasslossesfor
Moinsteamat800Ccouldnotbereproduced.BothFeCrAlandMAXphaseTi2AlCformaprotective
aluminascaleinsteam.Therefore,commercialTi2AlCthatisnotsinglephase,formedamuchthickeroxide
at1200CinsteamandsignificantTiO2,andthereforemaybechallengingtouseasacladdingora
coating.AlloydevelopmentforFeCrAlisseekingtomaintainitssteamoxidationresistanceto1475C,
whilereducingitsCrcontenttominimizesusceptibilitytoirradiationassistedCrrichformation.The
compositioneffectsandcriticallimitstoretainingprotectivescaleformationat>1400Carestillbeing
evaluated.
340.MaterialSelectionforAccidentTolerantFuelCladding(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/1224157)
Pint,BruceA.Terrani,KurtA.Yamamoto,YukinoriSnead,LanceLewis
20150101
AlternativecladdingmaterialstoZrbasedalloysarebeinginvestigatedforaccidenttolerance,whichcanbe
definedas>100Ximprovement(comparedtoZrbasedalloys)inoxidationresistancetosteamorsteam
H2environmentsat1200Cforshorttimes.Afterreviewingawiderangeofcandidates,current
steamoxidationtestingisbeingconductedonMo,MAXphasesandFeCrAlalloys.Recentlyreportedlow
masslossesforMoinsteamat800Ccouldnotbereproduced.BothFeCrAlandMAXphaseTi2AlCform
aprotectivealuminascaleinsteam.However,commercialTi2AlCthatwasnotsinglephase,formedamuch
thickeroxideat1200CinsteamandsignificantTiO2,andthereforeTi2AlCmaybechallengingtoformas
acladdingoracoating.AlloydevelopmentforFeCrAlisseekingtomaintainitssteamoxidationresistance
to1475C,whilereducingitsCrcontenttominimizesusceptibilitytoirradiationassistedformation.
Thecompositioneffectsandcriticallimitstoretainingprotectivescaleformationat>1400Carestillbeing
evaluated.
15 16 17 18 19
16 17 18 19 20
341.Compactcladdingpumpedplanarwaveguideamplifierandfabricationmethod
Bayramian,AndyJ.Beach,RaymondJ.Honea,EricMurray,JamesE.Payne,StephenA.
20031028
Alowcost,highperformancecladdingpumpedplanarwaveguideamplifierandfabricationmethod,for
deploymentinmetroandaccessnetworks.Thewaveguideamplifierhasacompactmonolithicslab
architecturepreferablyformedbyfirstsandwichbondinganerbiumdopedcoreglassslabbetweentwo
claddingglassslabstoformamultilayerplanarconstruction,andthenslicingtheconstructionintomultiple
unitconstructions.Usinglithographictechniques,asilverstripeisdepositedandformedatatoporbottom
surfaceofeachunitconstructionandoveracrosssectionofthebonds.Byheatingtheunitconstructionin
anovenandapplyinganelectricfield,thesilverstripeistheniondiffusedtoincreasetherefractiveindices
ofthecoreandcladdingregions,withthediffusionregionofthecoreformingasinglemodewaveguide,
andthesilverdiffusioncladdingregionformingasecondlargerwaveguideamenabletocladdingpumping
withbroadareadiodes.
342.Weldfailuredetection(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/863844)
Pennell,WilliamE.Sutton,Jr.,HarryG.
19810101
Methodandapparatusfordetectingfailureinaweldedconnection,particrlyapplicabletonotreadily
accessibleweldssuchasthosejoiningcomponentswithinthereactorvesselofanuclearreactorsystem.A
preselectedtaggasissealedwithinachamberwhichextendsthroughselectedportionsofthebasemetal
andwelddeposit.Intheeventofafailure,suchasdevelopmentofacrackextendingfromthechamberto
anoutersurface,thetaggasisreleased.Theenvironmentabouttheweldedareaisdirectedtoan
analyzerwhich,intheeventofpresenceofthetaggas,evidencesthefailure.Atriggergascanbeincluded
withthetaggastoactuatetheanalyzer.
343.Frictionstirweldingtool(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/985661)
TolleCharlesR.,ClarkDenisE.,BarnesTimothyA.
20080415
Africtionstirweldingtoolisdescribedandwhichincludesashankportionashoulderportionwhichis
releasablyengageablewiththeshankportionandapinwhichisreleasablyengageablewiththeshoulder
portion.
344.Claddingembrittlementduringpostulatedlossofcoolantaccidents.
Billone,M.Yan,Y.Burtseva,T.Daum,R.NuclearEngineeringDivision
20080731
Theeffectoffuelburnupontheembrittlementofvariouscladdingalloyswasexaminedwithlaboratorytests
conductedunderconditionsrelevanttolossofcoolantaccidents(LOCAs).Thecladdingmaterialstested
wereZircaloy4,Zircaloy2,ZIRLO,M5,andE110.Testswereperformedwithspecimenssectionedfrom
asfabricatedcladding,fromprehydrided(surrogateforhighburnup)cladding,andfromhighburnupfuel
rodswhichhadbeenirradiatedincommercialreactors.Thetestsweredesignedtodetermineforeach
claddingmaterialtheductiletobrittletransitionasafunctionofsteamoxidationtemperature,weightgain
duetooxidation,hydrogencontent,pretransientcladdingthickness,andpretransientcorrosionlayer
thickness.Forshort,defueledcladdingspecimensoxidizedat10001200C,ringcompressiontestswere
performedtodeterminepostquenchductilityat{le}135C.Theeffectofbreakawayoxidationon
embrittlementwasalsoexaminedforshortspecimensoxidizedat8001000C.Amongotherfindings,
embrittlementwasfoundtobesensitivetofabricationprocessesespeciallysurfacefinishbutinsensitive
toalloyconstituentsforthesedilutezirconiumalloysusedascladdingmaterials.Itwasalsodemonstrated
thatburnupeffectsonembrittlementarelargelyduetohydrogenthatisabsorbedinthecladdingduring
normaloperation.Sometestswerealsoperformedwithlonger,fueledandpressurizedcladdingsegments
subjectedtoLOCArelevantheatingandcoolingrates.Recommendationsaregivenfortypesofteststhat
wouldidentifyLOCAconditionsunderwhichembrittlementwouldoccur.
345.Concurrentultrasonicweldevaluationsystem(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/866445)
Hood,DonaldW.Johnson,JohnA.Smartt,HerschelB.
19870101
Asystemforconcurrent,nondestructiveevaluationofpartiallycompletedweldsforuseinconjunctionwith
anautomatedwelder.Thesystemutilizesrealtime,automatedultrasonicinspectionofaweldingoperation
astheweldsarebeingmadebyprovidingatransducerwhichfollowsashortdistancebehindthewelding
head.Reflectedultrasonicsignalsareanalyzedutilizingcomputerbaseddigitalpatternrecognition
techniquestodiscriminatebetweengoodandflawedweldsonapassbypassbasis.Thesystemalso
distinguishesbetweentypesofweldflaws.
346.Concurrentultrasonicweldevaluationsystem(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/5454001)
Hood,D.W.Johnson,J.A.Smartt,H.B.
19850904
anautomatedwelder.Thesystemutilizesrealtime,automatedultrasonicinspectionofaweldingoperation
astheweldsarebeingmadebyprovidingatransducerwhichfollowsashortdistancebehindthewelding
head.Reflectedultrasonicsignalsareanalyzedutilizingcomputerbaseddigitalpatternrecognition
techniquestodiscriminatebetweengoodandflawedweldsonapassbypassbasis.Thesystemalso
distinguishesbetweentypesofweldflaws.
347.Concurrentultrasonicweldevaluationsystem(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/7255527)
Hood,D.W.Johnson,J.A.Smartt,H.B.
19871215
anautomatedwelderisdisclosed.Thesystemutilizesrealtime,automatedultrasonicinspectionofa
weldingoperationastheweldsarebeingmadebyprovidingatransducerwhichfollowsashortdistance
behindtheweldinghead.Reflectedultrasonicsignalsareanalyzedutilizingcomputerbaseddigitalpattern
recognitiontechniquestodiscriminatebetweengoodandflawedweldsonapassbypassbasis.The
systemalsodistinguishesbetweentypesofweldflaws.5figs.
348.EffectofPerovskiteOverlayersonTiO2ElectrodesinPerovskiteSensitizedSolarCells.
Kim,KangPilKim,JeongHwaHwang,DaeKue
20160501
Inthispaper,wehavestudiedtheeffectofthethicknessofaCH3NH3PbI3perovskiteoverlayeron
mesoporousTiO2electrodesinperovskitesolarcells.TheoverlayerswerepreparedbyspincoatingPbI2
filmsontheelectrodes,whichweresubsequentlyexposedtoaCH3NH3I/2propanolsolution.We
controlledthethicknessoftheperovskiteoverlayerbychangingthePbI2solutionconcentration.The
thicknessesoftheoverlayersspincoatedfrom0.5,0.75,0.9,and1MPbI2solutionswereapproximately
179,262,316,and341nm,respectively.Perovskitesolarcellswithanapproximately316nmthick
overlayershowedthehighestefficiencyof9.11%.Weconcludethatoptimizationoftheperovskiteoverlayer
thicknessinthesolarcellstructureisnecessarytoimprovethecellefficiency.PMID:27483921
349.Intralotwaferbywaferoverlaycontrolusingintegratedandstandalonemetrologycombinedsampling
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9780E..09C)
Choi,YoungSinNam,YoungSunLee,DongHanLee,JaeIlKang,YoungSeogJang,SeYeonKong,
JeongHeung
20160301
Asoverlaymarginisgettingtighter,traditionaloverlaycorrectionmethodisnotenoughtosecuremore
overlaymarginwithoutextendedcorrectionpotentialonlithographytool.Timely,thelithographytoolhasa
capabilityofwafertowafercorrection.Fromthesewelltimedindustry'spreparations,theuncorrected
overlayerrorfromcurrentsamplinginalotcouldbecorrectedforyieldenhancement.Inthispaper,overlay
budgetbreakwasperformedpriortoexperimentswiththepurposeofestimatingamountofoverlay
improvement.Andwafertowafercorrectionwassimulatedtothespecifiedlayerofa2xnodeDRAM
device.Asaresult,notonlymaximum94.4%ofresidualvariationimprovementisestimated,butalso
recognizedthatmoresamplingstocoverallwafer'sbehaviorisinevitable.Integratedmetrologywith
optimizedsamplingschemewasalsointroducedasasupportivemethodformoresamplings.
350.FrictionStirWeldTools(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080009745)
Carter,RobertW.(Inventor)Payton,LewisN.(Inventor)
20070101
Africtionstirweldtoolsleeveissupportedbyanunderlyingsupportpin.Thepinmaterialispreferably
selectedfortoughnessandfracturecharacteristics.Thepinsleevepreferablyhasageometrywhich
employstheuseofaninterruptedthread,apluralityofflutesand/oreccentricpathtoprovidegreaterflow
through.Paddleshavebeenfoundtoassistinimpartingfrictionanddirectingplasticmetalduringthe
weldingprocess.
351.Frictionstirweldtools(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080009641)
Carter,RobertW.(Inventor)Payton,LewisN.(Inventor)
20070101
Africtionstirweldtoolsleeveissupportedbyanunderlyingsupportpin.Thepinmaterialispreferably
selectedfortoughnessandfracturecharacteristics.Thepinsleevepreferablyhasageometrywhich
employstheuseofaninterruptedthread,apluralityofflutesand/oreccentricpathtoprovidegreaterflow
through.Paddleshavebeenfoundtoassistinimpartingfrictionanddirectingplasticmetalduringthe
weldingprocess.
352.Combinedoverlay,focusandCDmetrologyforleadingedgelithography
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011SPIE.7973E..11E)
Ebert,MartinCramer,HugoTel,WimKubis,MichaelMegens,Henry
20110401
Asleadingedgelithographymovesto22nmdesignrules,lowk1technologieslikedoublepatterningare
thenewresolutionenablers,andsystemcontrolandsetuparethenewdriverstomeetremarkablytight
processrequirements.Thewayofthinkingandexecutingsetupandcontroloflithographyscannersis
changinginfourways.First,unusuallytightprocesstolerancescallforverydensesampling[1],whichin
effectmeansmeasurementsathighthroughputcombinedwithhighordermodelingandcorrectionsto
compensateforwaferspatialfingerprint.Second,complexinteractionsbetweenscannerandprocessno
longerallowseparationoferrorsourcesthroughtraditionalmetrologyapproaches,whicharebasedon
usingonesetofmetrologytoolsandmethodsforsetupandanotherforscannerperformancecontrol.
Moreover,setupandcontrolofoverlayisdoneindependentlyfromCDuniformity,whichineffectleadsto
independentandconflictingadjustmentsforthescanner.Third,traditionalCDsetupandcontrolisbased
onthefocusanddosecalculatedfromtheirCDresponseandnotfrommeasurementoftheireffecton
patternprofile,whichallowsacleanandorthogonaldeconvolutionoffocusanddosevariationsacrossthe
wafer.Fourth,scannersetupandcontrolhastotakeintoconsiderationthefinalgoaloflithography,whichis
theaccurateprintingofacomplexpatterndescribingarealdevicelayout.Tothisendweintroduceanew
setupandcontrolmetrologystep:measuringtomatchscanner1Dand2Dproximity.Inthispaperwewill
describethestrategyforsetupandcontrolofoverlay,focus,CDandproximitybasedontheYieldStarTM
metrologytoolandpresenttheresultingperformance.YieldStar200isanew,highthroughputmetrology
toolbasedonahighnumericalaperturescatterometerconcept.Thetoolcanbeusedstandaloneaswell
asintegratedinaprocessingtrack.ItissuitablefordeterminingprocessoffsetsinX,YandZdirections
throughOverlay
353.AutomaticWeldingSystem(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20030002780)
19820101
Roboticweldinghasbeenofinteresttoindustrialfirmsbecauseitoffershigherproductivityatlowercost
thanmanualwelding.Therearesomesystemswithautomatedarcguidanceavailable,buttheyhave
disadvantages,suchaslimitationsontypesofmaterialsortypesofseamsthatcanbewelded
susceptibilitytostrayelectricalsignalsrestrictedfieldofviewortendencytocontaminatetheweldseam.
Wantingtoovercomethesedisadvantages,MarshallSpaceFlightCenter,aidedbyHayesInternational
Corporation,developedsystemthatusesclosedcircuitTVsignalsforautomaticguidanceofthewelding
torch.NASAgrantedlicensetoCombinedTechnologies,Inc.forcommercialapplicationofthetechnology.
Theydevelopedarefinedandimprovedarcguidancesystem.CTIinturn,licensedtheMerrick
Corporation,alsoofNashville,formarketingandmanufacturingofthenewsystem,calledtheCT2Optical
Trucker.CT2isanoncontractingsystemthatoffersadaptabilitytobroaderrangeofweldingjobsand
providesgreaterreliabilityinhighspeedoperation.Itisextremelyaccurateandcantravelathighspeedof
upto150inchesperminute.
354.Weldradiographenigmas(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19870007334)
Jemian,WartanA.
19860101
WeldradiographenigmasarefeaturesobservedonXrayradiographsofwelds.Someofthesefeatures
resembleindicationsofwelddefects,althoughtheiroriginisdifferent.Sincetheyarenotunderstood,they
areasourceofconcern.Thereisaneedtoidentifytheircausesandespeciallytomeasuretheireffecton
weldmechanicalproperties.Amethodisproposedwherebytheenigmascanbeevaluatedandrated,in
relationtothefullspectrumofweldradiographindications.Thiemethodinvolvesasignatureanda
magnitudethatcanbeusedasaquantitiveparameter.Thesignatureisgeneratedasthediference
betweenthemicrodensitometertraceacrosstheradiographandthecomputedfilmintensityderivedfroma
thicknessscanalongthecorrespondingregionofthesample.Themagnitudeisthemeasureddifferencein
intensitybetweenthepeakandbaselinevaluesofthesignature.Theprocedureisdemonstatedby
comparingtracesacrossradiographsofaweldsamplebeforeandaftertheintroductionofaholeandbya
systembasedonaMacIntoshmouseusedforsurfaceprofiling.
355.LaserCladdingofMCrAlYCoatingsonStainlessSteel
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhPro..56..276T)
Tobar,M.J.Amado,J.M.Yez,A.Pereira,J.C.Amig,V.
MCrAlYalloys(whereMstandsforNi,Coorboth)arecommonlyusedasoverlayprotectivecoatingsingas
turbineenginecomponentsagainsthightemperatureoxidationandcorrosion.Theprotectiveeffectof
thesealloysisduetotheformationofacontinuousthermallystableoxidelayeronthecoatingsurface.In
thisworkseveraltypesofMCrAlYalloys,differingintheirelementalcomposition,havebeendepositedon
austeniticstainlesssteelbymeansoflasercladding.Themicrostructureofthecoatingshavebeen
characterizedbySEMEDSandXRD.Asexpected,elementalcompositioncompatiblewithNi/'Ni3Al,Ni/
NiAlorCo/(Co,Ni)Alphasesareobservedinhypoeutecticorhypereutecticmicrostructuresdepending
onthealloycomposition.Thehightemperatureoxidationbehaviorofthecoatingswasevaluatedbyair
furnaceoxidationtestsat1100Cfor200h.TheoxidizedsurfaceofthesampleswasexaminedbySEM
EDSandtheoxidespresentidentifiedbytheoreticalstoichiometriccalculations.Resultsindicatethe
formationofauniformAl3O2protectiveoxidescalewithNiO,CoO,Y2O3/YAlO3andCr2O3oxideinclusions.
356.Autologousadventitialoverlaymethodreinforcesanastomosesinaorticsurgery.
Minato,NaokiOkada,TakayukiSumida,TomohikoWatanabe,KenichiMaruyama,TakahiroKusunose,
Takashi
20140501
Inthisstudy,wepresentaninexpensiveandeffectivemethodforprovidingasecureandhemostatic
anastomosisusingautologousadventitiaobtainedfromadissectedoraneurysmalwall.Theresectedaortic
wallisseparatedbetweentheadventitiaandmedia,andasoft,210cmadventitialstripisoverlaidto
covertheanastomoticmargin.Agraftissuturedtotheaorticstump.Thisautologousadventitialoverlay
methodcaninexpensivelyandstronglyreinforcetheanastomosisduringaorticsurgeryfordissectionor
aneurysmandwillcontributetoanastomotichemostasisandlongtermstability.
357.Ductilefilmdelaminationfromcompliantsubstratesusinghardoverlayers
(https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4307999)
Cordill,M.J.Marx,V.M.Kirchlechner,C.
20140101
Flexibleelectronicdevicescallforcopperandgoldmetalfilmstoadherewelltopolymersubstrates.
Measuringtheinterfacialadhesionofthesematerialsystemsisoftenchallenging,requiringtheformulation
ofdifferenttechniquesandmodels.Presentedhereisastrategytoinducewelldefinedareasof
delaminationtomeasuretheadhesionofcopperfilmsonpolyimidesubstrates.Thetechniqueutilizesa
stressedoverlayerandtensilestrainingtocausebuckleformation.Thedescribedmethodallowsoneto
examinetheeffectsofthinadhesionlayersusedtoimprovetheadhesionofflexiblesystems.
PMID:25641995
358.FluidFlowPhenomenaduringWelding(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/1024771)
Zhang,Wei
20110101
MOLTENWELDPOOLSaredynamic.Liquidintheweldpoolinactedonbyseveralstrongforces,which
canresultinhighvelocityfluidmotion.Fluidflowvelocitiesexceeding1m/s(3.3ft/s)havebeenobserved
ingastungstenarc(GTA)weldsunderordinaryweldingconditions,andhighervelocitieshavebeen
measuredinsubmergedarcwelds.Fluidflowisimportantbecauseitaffectsweldshapeandisrelatedto
theformationofavarietyofwelddefects.Movingliquidtransportsheatandoftendominatesheattransport
intheweldpool.Becauseheattransportbymassflowdependsonthedirectionandspeedoffluidmotion,
weldpoolshapecandifferdramaticallyfromthatpredictedbyconductiveheatflow.Temperaturegradients
arealsoalteredbyfluidflow,whichcanaffectweldmicrostructure.AnumberofdefectsinGTAweldshave
beenattributedtofluidfloworchangesinfluidflow,includinglackofpenetration,topbeadroughness,
humpedbeads,fingerpenetration,andundercutting.Instabilitiesintheliquidfilmaroundthekeyholein
electronbeamandlaserweldsareresponsiblefortheunevenpenetration(spiking)characteristicofthese
typesofwelds.
359.Infrareddifferentialinterferencecontrastmicroscopyfor3Dinterconnectoverlaymetrology.
Ku,YishaShyu,DehMingLin,YeouSungCho,ChiaHung
20130812
Oneofthemainchallengesfor3Dinterconnectmetrologyofbondedwafersismeasuringthroughopaque
siliconwafersusingconventionalopticalmicroscopy.Wedemonstrateheretheuseinfraredmicroscopy,
enhancedbyimplementingthedifferentialinterferencecontrast(DIC)technique,tomeasurethewafer
bondingoverlay.Apairoftwodimensionalsymmetricoverlaymarkswereprocessedatboththefrontand
backsidesofthinnedwaferstoevaluatethebondingoverlay.Aselfdevelopedanalysisalgorithmand
theoreticalfittingmodelwasusedtomaptheoverlayerrorbetweenthebondedwafersandthe
interconnectstructures.Themeasurementaccuracywasfoundtobebetterthan1.0micron.
360.METHODOFOBTAININGANIMPROVEDWELDININERTARCWELDING
Correy,T.B.
19621211
Amethodisreportedforinertarcwelding.Anacweldingcurrentisappliedtotheworkpieceandwelding
electrodesuchthatthepositiveportionofeachcyclethereof,withtheelectrodepositive,hasonlysufficient
energytocleanthesurfaceoftheworkpieceandthenegativeportionofeachcyclethereof,withthe
electrodenegative,containstheenergyrequiredtoweld.(AEC)
16 17 18 19 20
17 18 19 20 21
361.PreweldheattreatmentimprovesweldsinRene41(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19680000285)
Prager,M.
19680101
CoolingofRene41priortoweldingreducestheincidenceofcrackingduringpostweldheattreatment.The
microstructureformedduringtheslowcoolingratefavorselevatedtemperatureductility.Somevestigesof
thismicrostructureareapparentlyretainedduringweldingandthusenhancestrainagecrackresistancein
air.
362.Certificationofaweldproducedbyfrictionstirwelding(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/1107585)
Obaditch,ChrisGrant,GlennJ
20131001
Methods,devices,andsystemsforprovidingcertificationoffrictionstirweldsaredisclosed.Asensoris
usedtocollectinformationrelatedtoafrictionstirweld.Datafromthesensoriscomparedtothreshold
valuesprovidedbyanextrinsicstandardsettingorganizationsusingacertificationengine.Thecertification
enginesubsequentlyproducesareportonthecertificationstatusoftheweld.
363.Weldingarclengthcontrolsystem(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080004259)
Iceland,WilliamF.(Inventor)
19930101
Thepresentinventionisaweldingarclengthcontrolsystem.Thesystemincludes,initsbroadestaspects,
apowersourceforprovidingweldingcurrent,apoweramplificationsystem,amotorizedweldingtorch
assemblyconnectedtothepoweramplificationsystem,acomputer,andcurrentpickupmeans.The
computerisconnectedtothepoweramplificationsystemforstoringandprocessingarcweldcurrent
parametersandnonlinearvoltageamperecharacteristics.Thecurrentpickupmeansisconnectedtothe
powersourceandtotheweldingtorchassemblyforprovidingweldcurrentdatatothecomputer.Thus,the
desiredarclengthismaintainedastheweldingcurrentisvariedduringoperation,maintainingconsistent
weldpenetration.
364.RemoteweldingequipmentforTPX(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/465022)
Silke,G.W.Junge,R.
19951231
RemoteweldingequipmentandtechniquesarenecessaryformaintenanceoftheTokamakPhysics
Experiment(TPX)PlasmaFacingComponents(PFCs).Theprocessesidentifiedforthisapplication
includesinsidediameter(i.d.)andoutsidediameter(o.d.)GasTungstenArc(GTA)weldingoftitaniumand
stainlesssteelalloys.Weldingequipmentdevelopedforthisapplicationincludessomeuniquefeaturesdue
tothespecializedenvironmentoftheTPXvessel.Remotefeaturesofthisequipmentmustincludethe
abilitytoacquireandalignthepartsbeingwelded,performallweldingoperationsandvisuallyinspectthe
weldarea.Designsforweldheadsrequiretheintegrationofindustryprovenhardwarewiththespecial
featuresincludecompactsize,remotemanipulation,remoteclampingandalignment,remotevision,full
inertgascoverage,arcvoltagecontrol,wirefeed,programmableweldschedulesandfailurerecovery.
365.Femtosecondwritingofdepressedcladdingwaveguidesinstronglycumulativeregime
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SPIE.9516E..1AB)
Bukharin,MikhailA.Khudyakov,DmitriyV.Vartapetov,SergeyK.
20150501
Weproposedanovelapproachfordirectfemtosecondinscriptionofwaveguides.Itconsistedinformation
ofcladdingwithreducedrefractiveindexinfusedsilica.Depressedcladdingwasbasedonperipheral
regionsofindividuallywrittenneighboredtracks,whichshouldbeinscribedinstronglycumulativeregime.It
wasshown,thatduetoshottimeintervalbetweenfemtosecondlaserpulsesandrelativelyslowthermal
diffusion,theexposedfocalregionsurroundsbysignificantlywidecladdingwithreducedrefractedindex.
Basedonproposedapproachwedemonstrateddepressedcladdingwaveguideinscriptioninfusedsilica
usingemissiondirectlyfromcommerciallyavailablefemtosecondoscillatorwithoutcorrectingoptical
systemsandsecondharmonicgeneration.Itwasshown,thatthenewapproachprovidesformationof
easilyadjustablesinglemodewaveguideswithdesiredmodefielddiameter.Suchdepressedcladding
waveguidesexploitbothadvantagesoffusedsilicamaterialanddepressedcladdinggeometry.Wealso
verifiedoursuggestionbyexperimentandinscribeddepressedcladdingwaveguideswithtwodifferent
modefielddiametersatsimilarfemtosecondpulsecharacteristics.Theobtainedstructuresprovidedlow
propagationlossesandgoodcouplingwithGaussianmode.Thewaveguidessupportedpropagationof
bothpolarizationswithnearlyidenticalcharacteristics.Obtainedexperimentalresultswereingood
agreementwithnumericalsimulation.
366.Hollowcoreantiresonantfiberwithsplitcladding.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27137053)
Huang,XiaoshengQi,WenliangHo,DarylYong,KenTyeLuan,FengYoo,Seongwoo
20160401
Animproveddesignforhollowcoreantiresonantfibers(HAFs)ispresented.Asplitcladdingstructureis
introducedtoreducethefabricationdistortionwithindesigntolerance.Weusenumericalsimulationsto
comparetheKagomefibers(KFs)andtheproposedsplitcladdingfibers(SCFs)overtwonormalized
transmissionbands.ItrevealsthatSCFsareabletomaintainthedesiredroundshapeofsilicacladding
walls,henceimprovingtheconfinementloss(CL)comparedtotheKFandiscomparabletothatofthe
nestedantiresonantnodelessfiber(NANF)withthesamecoresize.Inaddition,theSCFallowsstacking
multiplelayersofcladdingringstocontroltheCL.Theinfluencesofthenumberofcladdinglayersandthe
claddinggapwidthontheCLoftheSCFshavebeenstudied.SCFwiththreecladdingringsisfabricatedby
thestackanddrawtechnique.Ameasuredattenuationspectrummatcheswellwiththecalculation
prediction.Themeasurednearfieldmodepatternsalsoprovethefeasibilityofourfiberdesign.
367.Doublecladtaperedfiberforhighpowerapplications.(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18542272)
Filippov,VChamorovskii,YuKerttula,JGolant,KPessa,MOkhotnikov,OG
20080201
Wereportanoveltypeofactivefibertapereddoublecladfibersuitableforpumpingbylowbrightness
sourceswithlargebeamparameterproductof50/300mmxmrad.Ytterbiumdoublecladallsilicafiber
(core/1(st)clad/2(nd)claddiameters27/834/890mum,NA(core)=0.11,NA(clad)=0.21),tapereddownbya
factor4.8foralengthof10.5mwasdrawnfromapreformfabricatedbyplasmachemicaltechnologies.At
amoderateYbionconcentrationand1:31core/claddingratio,thetapereddoublecladfiberdemonstrates
0.9dB/mpumpabsorptionat976nmandexcellentlasingslopeefficiency.Anytterbiumfiberlaserwith84
Wofoutputpowerand92%slopeefficiency,a74Wsuperfluorescentsourcewith85%slopeefficiencyand
amplifiersoperatingbothinCWandpulsedregimeshavebeenrealized.Alldevicesdemonstratedrobust
singlemodeoperationwithabeamqualityfactorofM(2)=1.07.PMID:18542272
368.Stresscorrosioncrackingofausteniticwelddepositsinasaltsprayenvironment
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JNuM..465..774C)
Cai,J.B.Yu,C.Shiue,R.K.Tsay,L.W.
20151001
ER308Land309LMowereutilizedasthefillermetalsforthegrooveandoverlayweldsofa304Lstainless
steelsubstrate,whichwaspreparedviaagastungstenarcweldingprocessinmultiplepasses.Ubendand
weightlosstestswereconductedbytestingtheweldsinasaltspraycontaining10wt%NaClat120C.
Thedissolutionoftheskeletalstructureinthefusionzone(FZ)causedthestresscorrosioncracking(SCC)
oftheweld.TheFZinthecoldrolledconditionshowedthelongestsinglecracklengthintheUbendtests.
Moreover,sensitizationtreatmentat650Cfor10hpromotedtheformationofnumerousfinecracks,
whichresultedinahighSCCsusceptibility.TheweightlossofthedepositswasconsistentwiththeSCC
susceptibilityoftheweldsinasaltspray.The309LModepositwassuperiortothe308Ldepositinthesalt
spray.
369.Reliabilityofhardplasticcladsilicafibers(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006SPIE.6193...0US)
Skutnik,BoleshJ.Spaniol,Stefan
20060401
NewformulationsofcladdingmaterialshavebecomeavailableinrecenttimesforHardPlasticCladSilica
(HPCS)fibers,Initialdatashowedgainsinsomeproperties,particularlydynamicstrength,especiallyfor
highnumericalaperture(NA)fibers.Asystematicstudyhasbeenundertakentodeterminethefullstrength
andfatiguebehavioroftheseHPCSfibersandtomakecomparisonstoearlierHPCSfibers.Preliminary
results,nowconfirmed,hasshownimprovedmediandynamicstrengthandhigherWeibullslope.Full
resultsarepresentedbelowincludingfatiguebehaviorandopticalproperties.Thesefibershavemany
applicationsandbenefitsinthehighpowerdeliveryandmedicallaserusesashighlightedbelow.High
powerdiodelasersystemswiththeirlaserdiodebarsandarraysnotonlyrequirespecialfiberstocouple
directlytothediodeemitters,butalsorequirespecialfiberstocouplefromthelasertoapplicationsites.
Theselatterpowerdeliveryfibersaremuchlargerthantheinternalfibersbutstillmustbeflexible,andhave
notonlygoodstrengthbutalsogoodfatiguebehavior.Thisparticularlyimportantindustrialsystemsusing
roboticarmstoapplythehighpowerlaserenergyatatreatmentsite.TheopticalpropertiesofHPCSfibers
arewellsuitedfortheneedsofthedeliveryofhighpowerfromdiodelaserbarsandarraystoan
applicationsite.Benefitsofstrongmediandynamicstrengthsandtighterflawdistributionsinsuchcaseswill
bediscussed.Manymedicalapplications,especiallyendoscopicones,canbenefitfromtheuseofhighly
flexible,highNA,costeffective,HPCSopticalfibers.Benefitsofhighstrengthandgoodfatiguebehaviorfor
suchfibersinendoscopicprocedures,includinglasersurgery,arediscussedbrieflyincludingimplications
formechanicalreliabilityinmedicalandindustrialsettings.
370.Lightweightstorageandoverlaynetworksforfaulttolerance.
Oldfield,RonA.
20100101
Thenextgenerationofcapabilityclass,massivelyparallelprocessing(MPP)systemsisexpectedtohave
hundredsofthousandstomillionsofprocessors,Insuchenvironments,itiscriticaltohavefaulttolerance
mechanisms,includingcheckpoint/restart,thatscalewiththesizeofapplicationsandthepercentageofthe
systemonwhichtheapplicationsexecute.Forapplicationdriven,periodiccheckpointoperations,thestate
oftheartdoesnotprovideascalablesolution.Forexample,ontoday'smassivescalesystemsthat
executeapplicationswhichconsumemostofthememoryoftheemployedcomputenodes,checkpoint
operationsgenerateI/Othatconsumesnearly80%ofthetotalI/Ousage.Motivatedbythisobservation,
thisprojectaimstoimproveI/Operformanceforapplicationdirectedcheckpointsthroughtheuseof
lightweightstoragearchitecturesandoverlaynetworks.Lightweightstorageprovidedirectaccessto
underlyingstoragedevices.Overlaynetworksprovidecachingandprocessingcapabilitiesinthecompute
nodefabric.ThecombinationhaspotentialtosignifcantlyreduceI/Ooverheadforlargescaleapplications.
Thisreportdescribesourcombinedeffortstomodelandunderstandoverheadsforapplicationdirected
checkpoints,aswellasimplementationandperformanceanalysisofacheckpointservicethatuses
availablecomputenodesasanetworkcacheforcheckpointoperations.
371.QuantumMechanicallyDefinedCriticalThicknessinMetallicOverlayerHeteroepitaxy^1
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997APS..MAR.O2502Z)
Zhang,ZhenyuNiu,QianShih,ChihKang
19970301
InarecentstudyofAgfilmgrowthonGaAs(110),onestartlingobservationwastheexistenceofacritical
thickness:anatomicallyflatoverlayercanbeformedonlyifthetotalAgcoverageexceedsaminimum
valueofabout7ML.^2Hereweprovideanexplanationofthephenomenabyinvokingthequantumnature
oftheconductionelectronswithinanultrathinmetallicoverlayer.Weshowthatthediscretelevelsofthe
quantumwellplayaveryimportantroleindefiningtheoverallenergeticsofthesystem.Thecritical
thicknessisfoundtobetheminimalthicknessofthefilmatwhichtheconductionelectronscanbetruly
confinedwithoutmuchchargespillingintothesemiconductor.Aquantitativecomparisonwiththe
experimentismadeusingathermodynamicanalysisbasedonasimplemodel.^1SupportedbyDOE,NSF,
andtheR.A.WelchFoundation.^2A.R.Smith,K.J.Chao,Q.Niu,andC.K.Shih,Science273,226
(1996).
372.Increasingcorrosionresistanceofcarbonsteelsbysurfacelasercladding
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MS%26E..130a2011P)
Polsky,V.I.Yakushin,V.L.Dzhumaev,P.S.Petrovsky,V.N.Safonov,D.V.
20160401
Thispaperpresentsresultsofinvestigationofthemicrostructure,elementalcompositionandcorrosion
resistanceofthesamplesoflowalloysteelwidelyusedintheengineering,aftertheapplicationoflaser
cladding.Thelevelofcorrosiondamageandthecorrosionmechanismofcladdedsteelsampleswere
established.Thecorrosionrateandinstalleddischargeobservedatthetotaldestructionofcladdingwere
obtained.Theregularitiesofstructureformationintheapplicationofdifferentpowdercompositionswere
obtained.Theoptimalpowdercompositionthatpreventscorrosionofsamplesoflowcarbonlowalloysteel
wasestablished.
373.Innovationsinlasercladdinganddirectmetaldeposition
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SPIE.8239E..04B)
Brckner,FrankNowotny,SteffenLeyens,Christoph
20120301
Thepresentpaperreviewsrecentprogressinproductivity,precisionandqualityoflaserbasedcladding
andadditivelayermanufacturing.Recently,wehavedemonstratedthegreatbenefitsobtainedfrom
inductionassistedlasercladding.Thisnovelhybridtechnologycombineshighdepositionrateswith
excellentcladdingproperties.Laserbaseddirectmetaldepositionisanovelconceptforthefabricationof
componentsandrepairaswellasgeometricalsurfacemodifications.Newlydevelopednozzledesignallows
focusedpowderspotstogeneratewallthicknessesofabout30m.Anindepthunderstandingofthe
processesandtheresultingmaterialspropertiesiskeyforthedevelopmentoftechnicallyviableand
economicallyreasonablecustomizedsolutions.
374.OxidationperformanceofplatinumcladMo47Realloy(http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940029892)
Clark,RonaldK.Wallace,TerrylA.
19940101
ThealloyMo47Rehasfavorablemechanicalpropertiesattemperaturesabove1400C,butitundergoes
severeoxidationwhenusedinairwithnoprotectivecoating.Toshieldthealloyfromoxidation,platinum
claddinghasbeenevaluated.Theunprotectedalloyundergoescatastrophicoxidationunderstaticand
dynamicoxidationconditions.Theplatinumcladdingprovidesgoodprotectionfromstaticanddynamic
oxidationformoderatetimesat1260C.Samplestestedforlongertimesunderstaticoxidationconditions
experiencedsevereoxidation.Thedatasuggestthatoxidationresultsfromthetransportofoxygenthrough
thegrainboundariesandthroughthepinholedefectsoftheplatinumcladding.
375.RoboticWeldingandInspectionSystem(http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/969506)
H.B.SmarttD.P.PaceE.D.LarsenT.R.McJunkinC.I.NicholD.E.ClarkK.L.SkinnerM.L.ClarkT.
G.KaserC.R.Tolle
20080601
ThispaperpresentsaroboticsystemforGTAweldingoflidsoncylindricalvessels.Thesystemconsistsof
anarticulatedrobotarm,arotatingpositioner,endeffectorsforwelding,grinding,ultrasonicandeddy
currentinspection.Featuresincludeweldviewingcameras,modularsoftware,andtextbasedprocedural
filesforprocessandmotiontrajectories.
376.Welding.PerformanceObjectives.BasicCourse.(http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED139947.pdf)

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