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Vibration Basics
Troubleshooting Examples
VIBRATION BASICS
Blade vibration = friction vibration + structure vibration
Definitions
Vibration is a mechanical phenomenon
whereby oscillations occur about an
equilibrium point
Amplitude
0 T
x
-
Displacement measurement
Rotation from 0 position over x axis
3600 RPM = 3600 cycles per minute = 60 Hz (60 cycles per second)
Vibration amplitude measurement
RMS Root Mean Square
Square root of the average of the squared values of the waveform
Average level of vibration
Arithmetical average calculation never used in vibration analysis
Waveform
Squared
These two
surfaces
are equal
RMS
level
Vibration amplitude measurement
PEAK
Maximum excursion of the wave from the zero or equilibrium point
PEAK
level
Vibration amplitude measurement
Summary
Peak Average
RMS
Peak to
Peak
Vibration signal analysis
Temporal analysis
Show evolution of vibration amplitude over the time
Allow detection of process event on vibration level
Amplitude
Time
Vibration Monitoring..
a key tool to drive yankee dryer safety and machine productivity
Objectives..
Protect the Yankee from damage
Prevent chatter
Identify mechanical and operational impact on Yankee
performance
Stabilise the production process.
Increase machine efficiency
Concerns about Vibration:
No magic solutions
Vibration sources are numerous and complex, usually a combination
Solutions requires time, involvement & investment from machine crew
Time
Software capabilities..
FFT analysis of the vibration signal
Signal broken down to the FFT format to allow..
Specific frequency bands to set and be monitored.
Measure RMS and Peak values.
Set warning and Danger levels
Monitor vibration over time trend analysis.
Energy
Software capabilities..
FFT analysis of the vibration signal
Machine vibration footprint or signature
Helps define critical vibration range
Enable to discriminate vibration source
Software capabilities..
Vibration indicators set-up
6-10 kHz 10-12 kHz 15-20 kHz
FCW20.3006-25
Software capabilities
Level of vibration for selected frequencies
Vibration monitoring by operator
Follows a specific critical frequency range
Configurable alarm & danger levels
Reaching alarm level triggers operator actions
What tools do I need?
In order to properly monitor vibration and the risk of
chatter, what tools do I need?
Vibration Monitoring System
Strobe Light
Flashlight
Basic understanding of the bandwidths
0 700Hz (Yankee headers, SPR, etc.)
2 8kHz (Yankee surface issues)
8 14kHz (Coating under the sheet)
16 20kHz (High frequency imbalances)
Document and spend time to understand relationship
between process changes and vibration levels
Utilize experience to develop a decision tree
Decision Tree Example
Indicator Yellow alarm Red alarm Long term actions
Coating Adjustment
Assess Coating
Control!
Crepe Blade
Loosing the Battle
Cleaner Helping to
Level the Surface
Vibration History Trends
What happened?
Machine has had serious issues with chatter since the machine was
started up. About every 8 12 months the Yankee had to be ground to
remove chatter marks.
Just over 3 years after start-up, so much of the cast iron material was
removed the Yankee had to be metallized to avoid a de-rate situation.
Period B
Low frequency vibration
dissapeared
Only remains the peak at 15kHz whose cause has not been
clearly determined yet.