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A powerful software Contents
upgrade leverages 03 Executive summary
quaternary modulation 04 1. Introduction
05 2. Key cost-efficiency benefits
and MIMO techniques
for network operators
to improve network 05 2.1 Improved BTS hardware utilization
efficiency with existing 05 2.2 Efficient spectrum utilization
handsets. 06 2.3 Minimized site density
06 2.4 Improved energy efficiency
06 2.5 Fast deployment with existing handsets
07 3. Technical concepts
07 3.1 Training sequences differentiate channels
07 3.2 Quaternary modulation in the downlink
08 3.3 Optimized pulse shaping filter
maximizes DL coverage
08 3.4 Multi-user MIMO in the uplink
08 3.5 Matchmaking and resource
optimization by DFCA
09 3.6 Further gains with upcoming 3GPP
VAMOS handsets
10 4. Conclusion
11 Glossary
11 References
The technical method of doubling voice Figure 1: Overview of the OSC with two simultaneous calls in the same radio channel
channel capacity entails adopting the
quaternary modulation scheme in the
As far as radio link performance goes,
downlink and spatially orthogonal sub
receiving an orthogonal sub channel
channels in the uplink, also called a
requires about the same signal energy
multi-user MIMO. With these two key
per user as for a conventional GMSK
techniques linked to adaptive multi-rate
channel. System simulations have
(AMR) half-rate, four legacy SAIC
shown significant capacity gain when
handsets can be served at the same
the available spectrum is exploited
time within a radio time slot.
using fewer TRXs. Each TRXs capacity
increases to maintain maximum
In addition to new 3GPP VAMOS
coverage and reduce per-user energy
handsets, these radio techniques are
consumption. This means the OSC
also applicable to existing GSM SAIC
is able to minimize CAPEX and
handsets. Consequently, upgrading
OPEX, paving a profitable path to
the software in GSM radio networks
growth for operators. Specifically,
brings immediate benefits to network
OSC helps operators:
operators.
Improve BTS hardware utilization
Exploit available spectrum efficiently
Maintain coverage in capacity
extensions
Improve energy efficiency
Enjoy immediate gains with
existing handsets
Erlangs
16
served traffic could exceed 20 Erlangs
per carrier. And with the trunking effect, 12
the OSC could bring even greater
8
gains to smaller BTS configurations.
4
As the OSC increases voice capacity,
0
it also frees up capacity for data traffic. 1 2 3 4
For instance, one carrier could be #TRX
Site / Erl / km
antenna combiners to add more
transceivers. Wideband transmitter
combiners, for example, introduce 50%
about 3.5dB loss. Compensating
for the decrease in coverage may
necessitate new sites. The OSC,
in turn, maintains the coverage area 0
Legacy BTS Flexi EDGE Flexi EDGE
in capacity extensions. This can BTS BTS with OSC
cut the site count by up to 50%,
and the operators costs accordingly.
Figure 4: BTS site density for providing coverage & capacity
The OSC offers an efficient method of
adding channel capacity while leaving
energy consumption. Whats more,
the site hardware configuration
a country-wide network based on
untouched.
fewer sites requires less power.
FER [%]
channel. As the graph below shows,
1
the modulation shaping filter currently
used in EGPRS requires about 2dB
more power.
(0,1) (1,1)
I(A) I(A)
(0,0) (1,0)
(0,0) (1,0)
3.6 Further gains with This improved receiver performance The table below lists properties subject
upcoming 3GPP VAMOS also enables sub channel-specific to standardization, and indicates which
power control, where the square may be applied to the two types of
handsets
quaternary modulation constellation in handsets.
the downlink changes to a rectangular
3GPP aims to standardize this new
constellation, boosting power by Advanced receivers may also be used
channel type in Release 9 as part of
almost 2dB for another sub channel. with the OSC in handsets, for example,
a work item called VAMOS, to include
Constellations providing unequal receiver diversity that could double
support for legacy and new VAMOS
power to sub channels can be derived spectral efficiency.
handsets.
from the existing 8PSK constellation.
This enables precise blind detection
New VAMOS handsets will be aware
of the given modulation constellation
of quaternary modulation and training
in VAMOS handsets on a burst basis
sequences in both sub channels,
to ensure optimum performance.
providing about 1dB link gain
over legacy SAIC handsets.
Handset type: Legacy SAIC VAMOS
References:
[1] Source: Informa 2008
[2] Nokia Siemens Networks Press release of May 2, 2007:
Researchers at Nokia Siemens Networks double the
capacity in the uplink using Virtual MIMO in LTE networks
www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com