Exercise 10.

4 (Solutions)
MathCity.org Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI
Page 336

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Question # 1
Express the following products as sums or differences:
(i) 2sin 3 cos (ii) 2cos5 cos3 (iii) sin 5 cos 2
(iv) 2sin 7 sin 2 ( ) (
(v) cos( x + y )sin( x y ) (vi) cos 2 x + 30 cos 2 x 30 )
(vii) sin12 sin 46 ( ) (
(viii) sin x + 45 sin x 45 )
Solution
(i) Since 2sin cos = sin( + ) + sin( )
Put = 3 and =
2sin 3 cos = sin(3 + ) + sin(3 )
= sin 4 + sin 2
(ii) Since 2cos cos = cos ( + ) + cos ( )
Put = 5 and = 3
2cos5 cos3 = cos(5 + 3 ) cos(5 3 )
= cos8 cos 2
(iii) Since 2sin cos = sin( + ) + sin( )
Put = 5 and = 2
2sin 5 cos 2 = sin(5 + 2 ) + sin(5 2 )
= sin 7 + sin 3
1
sin 5 cos 2 = ( sin 7 + sin 3 )
2
(iv) Since 2sin sin = cos( + ) cos( )
Put = 7 and = 2
2sin sin = cos( + ) cos( )
2sin 7 sin 2 = cos(7 + 2 ) cos(7 2 )
= cos9 cos5
2sin 7 sin 2 = cos5 cos9
(v) Since 2cos sin = sin( + ) sin( )
Put = x + y , = x y
2cos( x + y )sin( x y ) = sin( x + y + x y ) sin( x + y x + y )
= sin 2 x sin 2 y
1
cos( x + y )sin( x y ) = ( sin 2 x sin 2 y )
2
(vi) Since 2cos cos = cos ( + ) + cos ( )
Put = 2 x + 30 and = 2 x 30
FSc-I / Ex 10.4 - 2

( ) ( ) ( ) (
2cos 2 x + 30 cos 2 x 30 = cos 2 x + 30 + 2 x 30 + cos 2 x + 30 2 x + 30 )
( )
= cos ( 4 x ) + cos 60
1
cos ( 2 x + 30 ) cos ( 2 x 30 ) = ( cos 4 x + cos60 )
2
(vii) Since 2sin sin = cos( + ) cos( )
Put = 12 and = 46
2sin12 sin 46 = cos(12 + 46) cos(12 46)
= cos58 cos(34)
= cos58 cos34 cos( ) = cos
1
sin12 sin 46 = ( cos58 cos34 )
2
1
= ( cos34 cos58 )
2
(viii) Since 2sin sin = cos( + ) cos( )
Put = x + 45 and = x 45
( ) ( ) { } {
2sin x + 45 sin x 45 = cos ( x + 45 ) + ( x 45 ) cos ( x + 45 ) ( x 45 ) }
= cos 2 x cos90
1
( ) ( )
sin x + 45 sin x 45 = cos90 cos 2 x
2
Question # 2
Express the following sum or difference as product:
(i) sin 5 + sin 3 (ii) sin8 sin 4 (iii) cos6 + cos3
(iv) cos7 cos (v) cos12 + cos 48 (vi) sin( x + 30 ) + sin( x 30 )
Solution
+
(i) Since sin + sin = 2sin cos
2 2
Put = 5 , = 3
5 + 3 5 3
sin 5 + sin 3 = 2sin cos
2 2
8 2
= 2sin cos = 2sin 4 cos
2 2
+
(ii) Since sin sin = 2cos sin
2 2
Put = 8 , = 4
8 + 4 8 4
sin8 sin 4 = 2cos sin
2 2
= 2cos6 sin 2

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 FSc-I / Ex 10.4 - 3

(iii) Do yourself

+
(iv) Since cos cos = 2sin sin
2 2
Put = 7 , =
7 + 7 8 6
cos7 cos = 2sin sin = 2sin sin
2 2 2 2
= 2sin 4 sin 3

+
(v) Since cos + cos = 2cos cos
2 2
Put = 12 , = 48
12 + 48 12 48
cos12 + cos 48 = 2cos cos
2 2
60 36
= 2cos cos = 2cos30cos ( 18 )
2 2
= 2cos30 cos18 cos( ) = cos

+
(vi) Since sin + sin = 2sin cos
2 2
Put = x + 30 , = x 30
x + 30 + x 30 x + 30 x + 30
sin( x + 30) + sin( x 30) = 2sin cos
2 2
2x 60
= 2sin cos = 2sin x cos30
[
2 2
Question # 3
Prove the following identities:
sin 3 x sin x sin8 x + sin 2 x
(i) = cot 2 x (ii) = tan 5 x
cos x cos3 x cos8 x + cos 2 x
sin sin +
(iii) = cot tan
sin + sin 2 2
Solution
sin 3 x sin x
(i) L.H.S =
cos x cos3 x
3x + x 3x x 4x 2x
2cos sin cos sin
= 2 2 = 2 2
x + 3x x 3x 4 x 2 x
2sin sin sin sin
2 2 2 2

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FSc-I / Ex 10.4 - 4

cos ( 2 x ) sin ( x )
= = cot 2 x = R.H.S
+ sin ( 2 x ) sin ( x )
(ii) Do yourself
sin sin
(iii) L.H.S =
sin + sin
+
2cos sin
= 2 2 = cot +
tan = R.H.S
+ 2 2
2sin cos
2 2
Question # 4
Prove that:
1
(i) cos 20 + cos100 + cos140 = 0 (ii) sin sin + = cos 2
4 4 2
sin + sin 3 + sin 5 + sin 7
(iii) = tan 4
cos + cos3 + cos5 + cos7
Solution
(i) L.H.S = cos 20 + cos100 + cos140
(
= cos100 + cos 20 + cos140 )
100 + 20 100 20
= 2cos cos + cos140
2 2
1
= 2cos60 cos 40 + cos140 = 2 cos 40 + cos140
2
140 + 40 140 40
= cos140 + cos 40 = 2cos cos
2 2
= 2cos90 cos50 = 2 ( 0 ) cos50 = 0 = R.H.S

(ii) L.H.S = sin sin +
4 4

= sin cos cos sin sin cos + cos sin
4 4 4 4
1 1 1 1
= cos sin cos + sin
2 2 2 2
2 2
1 1 1 1
= cos sin = cos 2 sin 2
2 2 2 2
1 1
( )
= cos 2 sin 2 = cos 2 = R.H.S
2 2
sin + sin 3 + sin 5 + sin 7
(iii) L.H.S =
cos + cos3 + cos5 + cos 7
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 FSc-I / Ex 10.4 - 5

=
( sin 7 + sin ) + ( sin 5 + sin 3 )
( cos 7 + cos ) + ( cos5 + cos3 )
7 + 7 5 + 3 5 3
2sin cos + 2sin cos
= 2 2 2 2
7 + 7 5 + 3 5 3
2cos cos + 2cos cos
2 2 2 2
2sin 4 cos3 + 2sin 4 cos
=
2cos 4 cos3 + 2cos 4 cos
2sin 4 ( cos3 + cos ) sin 4
= = = tan 4 = R.H.S
2cos 4 ( cos3 + cos ) cos 4
Question # 5
Prove that:
1 2 4 3
(i) cos 20 cos 40 cos 60 cos80 = (ii) sin sin sin sin =
16 9 9 3 9 16
Solution
(i) L.H.S = cos 20 cos 40 cos 60 cos80
1 1
= cos 20 cos 40 cos80 = cos80 cos 40 cos 20
2 2
1 1
( )
= 2cos80 cos 40 cos 20 = ( cos ( 80 + 40 ) + cos ( 80 40 ) ) cos 20
4 4
1 1 1
4
( )
= cos120 + cos 40 cos 20 = + cos 40 cos 20
4 2
1 1 1 1
= cos 20 + cos 40 cos 20 = + 2cos 40 cos 20
8 4 8 8
( )
1 1
= cos 20 + ( cos(40 + 20) + cos(40 20) )
8 8
1 1 1 1 1
= cos 20 + ( cos 60 + cos 20 ) = cos 20 + + cos 20
8 8 8 8 2
1 1 1 1
= cos 20 + + cos 20 = = R.H.S
8 16 8 16
2 4
(ii) L.H.S = sin sin sin sin
9 9 3 9
180 2(180 ) (180 ) 4(180 )
= sin sin sin sin = 180
9 9 3 9
3
= sin 20 sin 40 sin 60 sin 80 = sin 20 sin 40 sin 80
2
3 3
=
2
sin 80 sin 40 sin 20 =
4
( 2sin 80 sin 40 ) sin 20

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FSc-I / Ex 10.4 - 6

3
= ( cos(80 + 40) cos(80 40) ) sin 20
4
3 3 1
=
4
( cos120 cos 40 ) sin 20 = cos 40
4 2
sin 20

3 3 3 3
=
8
sin 20 +
4
cos 40 sin 20 =
8
sin 20 +
8
( 2cos 40 sin 20 )
3 3
= sin 20 + ( sin(40 + 20) sin(40 20) )
8 8
3 3 3 3 3
=
8
sin 20 +
8
( sin 60 sin 20 ) 8= sin 20 +
8 2
sin 20

3 3 3 3
= sin 20 + sin 20 = = R.H.S
8 16 8 16
(iii) Do yourself as above

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Book: Exercise 10.4

Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI
Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.

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