tiva017 Correcting Elastic FEA Results for Local Plasticity
Plasticity Corrections for Elastic Analysis Results: Neuber Method
by FA. Conle, Univ. of Waterloo
Nov.8 2010, Updates: Jan2012, Sep2012, Jan2013,
Educational Background Article
Refthttp:/fde.uwaterloo.ca/Fde/Notches.new/neuber:himl
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‘The Interaction of Mean or Weld Residual Stress with the Neuber Plasticity
Correction and the Effects on Fatigue Life Prediction
Copyright (C) 2012 F.A. Conle and Univ. of Waterloo
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts
A copy of the license is available her
n License", ("hitp:/www.gnu.org/licenses/il.html” )
Introduction:
One of the objectives of durability analysis is to predict the magnitudes
of the local cyclic stresses and strains experienced at the hot-spot of
‘many components subjected to fatigue loading, Most estimates of component stress however,
have been calculated elasticly, by means of either traditional manual calculations
or elastic FEA methods, It is then necessary to translate the elastic
calculated stress atthe critical locations into estimates of elastic-plastic
stress and strain behavior. Of the several methods of accomplishing this
translation, the one most popularly adopted by most software methods is the
‘Neuber [1-3] plasticity correction
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16tiva017 Correcting Elastic FEA Results for Local Plasticity
S= Ky Soom
Snom
ii Som
e,€
+ o-e=S-e
Fig. 1 : Correcting an Elastic Stress Calculation for Material Plasticity
‘As depicted in Fig,_1, the Neuber correction can be set into three steps:
1. Using elastic calculation methods compute the stress and strain
at the fatigue hot-spot.
Compute the energy or product of elasti stress multiplied by
clastic strain,
Using the stabilized cycle stress-strain curve of the material
at the hot-spot find the cyelie stress and eyclie strain that
give the same energy product as in Step 2
One can find examples ofthe stabilized cyclic stress-strain curve
in fatigue databases such as here, When you find the material of interest
eg.
A36 Merged File of two above files _|__Fitted | __Caleulator
Click on the "Fitted" link and using either "View Page Source” in your
browser or "cut and paste", extract the stress and strain columns
from the data section,
Cyclic Stress-Strain Behaviour:
Fig. 2a shows the stress-strain behavior of a un-notched, axial sample starting from
the initial stress-strain origin with subsequent straining through a series of
simple fluctuating strain (or stress) cycles. It is apparent that the
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2
Fig. 2a : Movement of the stress strain locus during straining
of cyclically stabilized aluminum
initial loading path from the origin is different in size than the loading path
of the subsequent hysteresis loops. A commonly used approximation is that the
cyclic path is a factor of two larger than the initial path. Generally this is
referred to as "Masing” type behavior{4,5]. Similar behavior is exhibited in
multiaxial cyclic conditions[6,7], but for many fatigue problems a one-dimensional
approach suffices. An cxample of a strain sequence for HSLA 350 stec:
Input ¢ peaks — Get 0, €
Fig. 2b : (Jfimage above is not "moving" hit "Shift + reload” on browser.)
‘Try your own strain sequence.
Application of Plasticity Correction:
A schematic of the solution method of both the initial and cyclic Neuber based.
plasticity correction is shown in Fig, 3 and their application to two half cycles
are shown in Fig,_4,
hip:fdeuwateloo.ca/FdaiNotches.newineuber him! 316tiva017 Correcting Elastic FEA Results for Local Plasticity
AS* Ae= Constant
t
AS, Ao Ke
AS —‘d.
i
ote=S*e=Constant
ese Ae, Ae
Fig. 3 : (a) Initial stress-strain curve (b) Hysteresis loop stress-strain curve
There are two similar curves shown in figure_3. The one on the left side is the
stabilized eyclic stress-strain curve generally derived from uniaxial fatigue test
samples, while on the right is the same curve with co-ordinates multiplied by a factor
of two. Both curves use the equivalent elastic energy product to solve for the
stress-strain magnitudes of each half-cyele of the loading history
hip:fdeuwateloo.ca/FdaiNotches.newineuber him!
46tiva017 Correcting Elastic FEA Results for Local Plasticity
FEA S
time
Sxe sad Constant
E
AS* constant=Ao*A€
oe * const.
AO - hee const,
Fig. 4: Application of Initial and Cyclic Neuber Solutions
More details of how these features are modelled for fatigue purposes can be
found in reference_[8]
Calculation Software
In the fatigue database of this web site there are typically three entries for each
data set, An example:
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AA 7075-7651 (Kurath 1984) | __ Fitted Calculator
‘The first item, on the lef is a text display and of the "raw" fatigue
test data. Data can be added to these files, either on-line or locally, and plots
created by clicking on the "Send" button.
The second item " Fitted_" is a html file of a median line fit of the raw data
It would be an inpit file for any software that performs a plasticity correction
and calculates the life based on the resulting local stress-strain hysteresis loops.
‘The third item, " Calculator” is a html form which incorporates the "Fitted" file above,
and when submniifed (click on Send), will calculate and display the local stress-strain
response to the nominal stress inputs as predicted by the Neuber plasticity correction,
Life is computed by using the local stress-strain loops maximum and minimum stresses and strains,
‘The software that performs these calculations is available in a link under the topic Other Links below.
A screen shot image of how to use the calculators is available here,
For an example set of sereen shots of a typical usage with explanations
Entering the Cycle Set information
@ The resultin Stress-Strains & Damage
+ Percent Damage per Cycle Set Graphie
Other links:
FEA Fatigue Analysis: Case
FEA Fatigue Analysis: Case 2
Calculation Software that includes Neuber Plasticity Correction
How to do a quick Fatigue Analysi
Interaction of Neuber Plas, Cor in Welded Components
Acknowledgement:
The author wishes to thank the Univ. of Waterloo and NSERC for their support
in creating this publication.
Other articles
References:
1, Neuber, II, "Theory of Stress Concentration for Shear Strained Prismatical
Bodies with Arbitrary Non Linear Stress Strain Law," .Appl.Mech., Dec. 1961, pp. 544-550.
2. Topper, T:H., RM.Wetzel, J. Morrow, "Neuber’s Rule Applied to Fatigue of
Notched Specimens,” ASTM, J.of Materials V4 N1, March 1969, pp.200-209.
3. Tipton, S., "A Review of the Development and Use of Neuber’s Rule for Fatigue
Analysis," SAE Paper 910165, 1991
4, Jenkin, C.F."Fatigue in Metals,” The Engineer, Vol.134, No.3493, Dec. 1922, pp.612-614.
5. Masing, G., "Eigenspannungen und Verfestigung beim Messing,” in Proc. of 2nd Int.
Congress of Appl. Mech., Zurich, 1926.
6. Mroz, Z.,""On the Description of Anisotropic Work-Hardening," Jof Mech. Phys
of Solids, Vol.15 1967, pp. 163-175,
7.Chu, C.-C., "A Three-Dimensional Model of Anisotropic Hardening in Metals
and Its Application to the Analysis of Sheet Metal Formability,” J.of Mech, Phys.
of Solids, Vol.32, 1984, pp.197-212.
8. Conle, A., LR.Oxland, T.H.Topper, "Computer-Based Prediction of Cyclic Deformation
and Fatigue Behavior," Low Cycle Fatigue ASTM STP 942, 1988, pp.1218-1236
9. Chu, C.-C, "Incremental Multiaxial Neuber Correction for Fatigue Analysis,"
SAE Technical Paper 950705, 1995
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