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Web Reference:
i. http://www.daretofail.com/theauthor2.ht
ml
ii. www.moresales.com.my/catalog/entry/lkjj
rivs.shtml.
In this section, you learnt about
goals and the characteristics of
effective goals such as challenging,
realistic, measurable, positive, etc.
We also discussed the differences
between STGs and LTGs. STGs,
which are referred to as objectives,
lead you to your LTGs.
Objectives:
1. Explain the meaning of motivation.
2. Apply motivaional strategies in your learning.
3. Apply techniques to enhance your memory skills
in learning.
4. Evaluate your stress level and allocate your time
for study, work and other daily tasks.
1. Success in your studies does not happen by itself
or by chance.
2. To succeed, you need to make effort.
3. You need to organise yourself so that your
efforts are focused towards earning your degree.
4. Rearrange your daily schedule
5. Make certain sacrifices.
6. Making new arrangements for family,work or
even social life. e.g. pick up children from school,
cut down overtime etc.
1. Tools or ways to motivate yourself to
understand, learn and integrate new material or
skills.
2. Learn how to learn
1. an encouragement.
2. Extrinsic motivation = encouragement from
outside or external force.
3. Is the driving power behind all our actions.
4. Intrinsic motivation = motivation from within
5. If you are intrinsically motivated you do not
need external encouragement or rewards to
study hard.
6. Motivation is a goal-directed behaviour.
7. Our motivation depends on our own individual
values and beliefs.
What is your motivation ?
Take a look at the reasons you listed in Activity 3.1 on
why you signed up for this degree course at WOU.
Among all the reasons you gave, write down your most
important reason. This could be the motivation for you
to work towards your degree!
1. how you do your work
2. when you do your work
3. how long you concentrate on your work
4. what study strategies you use
1. Have a conducive environment to study
e.g. library
Activity 3.5
Identifying a conducive study environment
1. By now you should have a better idea of a conducive study
environment. In column A of the table below, list down the
conditions in an environment which will make it ideal for you to
study. Write them down in order of importance, from the most
important to the least important.
2. Look around your environment. How many of the conditions you
listed are present in your environment. In Column B, put a tick (/)
for those that are present and a cross (X) for those that are not.
Column A Column B
My ideal condition Put a / in this column if the
condition is present in your
study environment
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3. List down the changes that you think you have to make
to your study environment.
_______________________________________________
2. Break down the bigger tasks
break down the big tasks into smaller tasks so that they are
more manageable-e.g. for working person, break down task
into revising one section of the unit at a time.
4. Have incentives
give yourself a reward when you have achieved an objective
and this will motivate you greatly.
5. Be positive
Be positive when faced with unpleasant incidents and
disappointments.
When faced with problems seek solutions by taking
advantage of the support of your friends, colleagues, family
members and tutors.
6. Learn actively
take initiative to look for additonal references in the library or
Internet.
Ask your tutor or friends for assistance
Form discussion groups with your course mates to discuss topics you
do not understand or problems you cannot solve.
1. Think of the days when you were in school. How did you remember what
you learnt in History or Science? List down the methods you used.
_________________________________________________________
2. Which of the methods you used was the most effective for you ?
Does your list match any of the methods mentioned above ?
________________________________________________________
3. Choose two 500-word articles from a magazine or newspaper.
Read each article twice. Select one method which you think will help
you remember the concepts or facts contained in the article. Using one
article at a time, try to recall the concepts or facts 24 hours later. Can
you remember better?
________________________________________________________
Have you ever wished that you had 48 hours
instead of 24 hours ?
How many times have you said: I dont have time
to do my
assignments. Why are you always short of time?
Perhaps, it is due to your inability to manage your
time well.
As a result you you not seem to have time for your
studies or work.
Lets find your management score.
Do this simple time management quiz at the following
website to find out your time management score:
http://www.ucc.vt.edu/lynch/TMQuiz.htm
Date
Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Assign. Assignments
A 10% 20 %
Test-
B 20%
C
D
Others
In the planner above, write down the dates for a particular week in the Date column, for
e.g., for Week 1, you may write: 2nd 8th Oct. Four separate rows in the planner, namely
A,B,C and D have been drawn for the 4 courses you are taking for the semester. Increase
the no. of rows if you take more courses. The last row, labelled Other has been included
for your work, family and social events. In this case, you may write, for e.g. meeting or
wedding.
A weekly schedule should be used , which should be made once a week preferably on a
Sunday night before the week begins. This includes:
a. all classes
b. exercise routine
c. work
d. extracurricular activities
e. housekeeping duties
f. sleeping
g. eating
Make sure to leave blank spaces to fit in necessary activities as they come up. These blanks
should be utilised for studying and the completion of assignments. Study time should be
scheduled for at least two hours a day. Do you still remember the total number of hours
you need which was mentioned in Unit 2?
Make a list of what you have to complete during the coming weeks, including assignments
and office work. Include also your family and personal activites. In other words, identify
and take note of deadlines. It is important to estimate how long each task will take.
Prioritise your activities. List down the activites in order of importance. Give priority to those
activities which are important and must be done during the week. The less important
acitvites can be done in another week or when you have less load. Remember, as part
time student, it is advisable to set aside at least an hour everyday for your studies! Then
identify the day on which you will accomplish each task, keeping in mind the amount of
time the task will take and other things you must also do that day.
Based on your semester planner which you have
completed in Activity 3.11, create one weekly
schedule for the first month of your semester.
When you prepare the weekly schedule, bear in
mind the tips you have just learnt in the previous
section. You must remember to include two hours
study time for each day!
After you have completed it, you can compare
your weekly schedule with your course mate. You
will ntice how different their weekly schedules are
compared to yours. Again, you may use the
sample below. Remember, you can modify it to
suit your needs, especially the time slots.
Day/Time 8- 10- 11- 1- 3- 5- 7- 9-
10am 11am 1pm 3pm 5pm 7pm 9pm 11pm
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
After you have prepared the schedule, go through it to see how you can re-schedule
it to make it more effective. You may also keep your schedule in a visible place, for
e.g. next to your desk/pin it on a board. Look at it everyday to remind yourself of
your proposed schedule.
Before you start your day every morning, write out a daily schedule .
Include uncompleted tasks from the previous day as well as new tasks.
The list of tasks to be done should be kept short, about 5 or 6 items,
both academic and personal. The items should be small specific goals
such as : Read 5 pages in Learning Skills.
It should not be a whole unit of the course materials. As you write out
your daily schedule, arrange them in order of importance. Some
activities must be done on a particular day while others may be done on
another day. This can definitely reduce your stress level.
Then, you must use your schedules every day and learn to say no to
acivities which are not relevant.
In this way, you are more likely to keep to your schedule. For every
item which you have accomplished, draw a line across the item. The
more lines you see on the list, the more you feel satisfied you should
feel.
Take a break when you have finished all the tasks for the day. If you
often find you cannot finish all the tasks most of the days, you need to
review youe schedule.
After you arrange your daily schedule, review it.
Ask yourself whether the schedule for the day is realistic.
If it is not, remove some of the less urgent items.
Use the sample above to create your own daily schedule list.
Look at the chart below. It gives you a summary of the TM you
should do so that you can manage your learning more effctive.
When you plan and carry out your study in frequent but small,
manageable chunks, it makes your life easier.
A study schedule means that you dont waste time but rather have time
for other commitments.
A schedule also helps you to track your progress. You can see that you
have achieved set tasks, completed assignments on time and made good
progress.
1. Stress is a part of everyones life.
2. It is a response of the body to a variety of internal and external
stimuli.
3. External stimuli job change, move to city, death of a loved one
or an illness in family.
4. Internal stimuli physical/mental discomfort.
5. Happy as well sad events can create stress.
6. Stress = need to strive for perfection or to please others.
7. Stress has effects on health and performance.
8. Sometimes, stress helps people attain difficult goals and perform
well.
9. Total absence of stress would make life very boring.
10. Each person handles stress differently so it is important to
recognise your limit.
Stress
1. Good Stress = getting up on time and attending all your tutorial classes.
2. Stress challenges students to do their best and keeps learning and growing.
3. Final exams are an especially stressful time.
4. This stress prompts students to study harder, longer and learn more = +ve stress trigger =
functional stress.
5. Stress that lasts a short period of time can rapidly motivates us.
6. A stress that lasts too long, happens too often, or is too strong may bring us physical,
behavioural, and psychological problems = -ve stress = dysfunctional stress.
7. Examples of bad stress = going to class unprepared, your health, financial problems,or even
a hungry stomach.
Feelings Thoughts
Anxiety Difficulty in
Irritability concentrating
Fear Forgetfulness
Moodiness Preoccupation
with the future
Fear of failure
Behavioural Physical
Crying Tight muscles.
Acting impulsively. Cold or sweaty hands.
Nervous laughter Headache.
By using a search engine (Google or Yahoo) in the Internet, try to identify the different types of learning styles.
Find out the type of learner for each of the four groups mentioned above. Then, write the types on the blank
lines provided at the top of the description for each group.
Case A : Active and Reflective Learners
Case B : Sensing and Intuitive Learners
Case C : Sequential and Global Learners
Case D : Visual and Verbal Learners
1. Find out your particular learning style by answering the
questions at this website:
http://www.engr.ncsu.edu/learningstyles/ilsweb.html.
It is called Index of Learning Style Questionnaire and
contains 44 questions. It will only take a few minutes to
complete. It is fun because you get to know your learning
style immediately when you submit your answers online.
2. Ask your course mates about their learning style. Can you
find anyone who has the same learning style as you?
Perhaps, you can choose to be in the same group for
discussion or other group work later in your course.
The following table suggests the strategies you can use to help you get the most out of
your studies.
Sequential Learner Copy every step to a solution carefully. Fill up any missing
ones by making additional references.
Take time to outline the course material for yourself in logical
order.
Relating each new topic you study to things you already know.
Global Learner You need the big picture of a subject before you can master
details.
Before you begin to study the first section of a chapter in a text,
skim through the entire chapter to get an overview.
Instead of spending a short time on every subject every night,
you might find it more productive to immerse yourself in
individual subjects for a longer period of time. Try to relate the
subject to things you already know, either by asking your tutor
to help you see connections or by looking up references
Objectives:
By the end of this section, learners should be able to :
1. Explain the important of taking notes.
2. Apply the 5 methods of taking notes effecively.
3. Identify the 3 steps involved in taking notes for
tutorials.
1. When you were in primary/secondary school, you were not
required to take much notes.
2. But in a higher level of education, you have to do more note
taking.
3. Having good lecture notes to revise can determine how well you
are able to perform during exams.
4. As an ODL, one effective way to learn is to take notes from the
materials.
5. You may take down the important points or summaries the text.
6. Taking notes effectively is a skill which you have to develop to
help you improve your studies and remember important facts.
Make you concentrate on what you are learning.
Enable you to put ideas into your own words.
Help you remember things better.
Are excellent for revision.
Questions to be asked.
1. Go to tutorial with +ve mind.
2. Make a conscientious effort to pay attention.
3. Without concentration there is no focus, and without focus there is
no learning?
4. Follow closely what your tutor says.
5. Bring highlighters to highlight important points.
6. How tutors give clues to important points:-
a. Material written on blackboard.
b. Repetition
c. Emphasis tone of voice & gesture, time spent on points
d. Word signals There are 2 pts. of view,the 3rd reason is..In
conclusion...
e. List of things which are being discussed.
f. Summaries given at the end of class.
g. Reviews given at the beginning of class.
a. Start on a new page.-date/number on page
b. Write on one side of paper.
c. Leave blank spaces- to add comments/note questions later.
d. Make notes brief.
e. Develop a system of abbreviations and symbols.
f. Note all unfamiliar vocab or concepts you dont understand
look them up later.
Look through the notes.
Edit words and phrases that are illegible or to do not make sense. Write out
abbreviated words that might be unclear later.
Rework your notes by adding extra points and spelling out unclear items.
This is important because we tend to forget fast. Allocate enough time for this
step.
Verify your notes by reading the recommended texts.
Edit with a different coloured pen to distinguished between what you wrote
in class and what you filled in later.
Note anything you dont understand by underlining or highlighting to remind
you to ask the instructor.
Compare your notes with the textbook reading and fill in important details
in the blank spaces you left.
Consider rewriting or typing up your notes.
Revise your notes regularly. This is the only way achieve lasting memory.
1. Outline method
o dash (-) or indentation is commonly used.
o jot down points in an organised pattern based on space indentation.
o Write major points on the far left.
o Indent each of the more specific points to the right.
o Minor points will be placed further away from major points
Transport
Definition : means of carrying objects from one place to
another
- three modes
- air transport
- land transport
- sea transport
Big tasks may worry you. Break down the big tasks into smaller
ones so that they are more manageable. For example, as a
working person, it may be too demanding to revise one whole
chapter at one tme for your test. You may want to break down
the task into revising one section of the chapter at a time.
Suitable time
Strategies to enhance
learning motivation Set goals
Learn
Positive Have incentives actively
Summary
This section exposed you to the importance of taking notes. 5 methods of
note taking were discussed. You also learnt about the 3 steps involved in
taking notes for tutorials, namely: prepare for tutorials, listen during
tutorials and revise after tutorials.
Read the article and make notes of the important ideas.
Article 1. Regional haze Health effects
Fine particle pollution, that contributes to regional haze, can affect peoples health. People most
at risk include those with:
heart disease
lung disease
respiratory conditions (include asthma)
diabetes, as well as
older adults and children.
Fine particles are deposited deep into lungs where they can accumulate on the surface or be absorbed by
underlying tissue and enter the bloodstream. People with heart or lung diseases and respiratory conditions, such
as coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, are
at increased risk of serious effects, because particles can aggravate these diseases.
In people with heart disease, particles have been linked to heart attacks and cardiac arrhythmias (irregular
heart rhythms). Recent evidence suggests that some of these cardiac effects may result from very short-term
exposures, possibly as short as one hour.
People with diabetes may be at increased risk of serious effects from regional haze, possibly because of
underlying cardiovascular disease.
Older adults are at increased risk from regional haze possibly because they may have diagnosed heart or lung
disease or diabetes.
Children are likely to be at risk from regional haze for a number of reasons. For example, they may be more
vulnerable to fine particles because their lungs are still developing. Also, childrens breathing rates can be as
much as twice as rapid as adults under resting conditions, and children tend to have far higher activity levels
than adults on any given day, which will result in more particles being deposited in their developing lungs.
Long-term (years) exposure of healthy people to particles has been associated with reduced
lung function and the development of chronic bronchitis.
Peoples chances of being affected by particles in increase the longer they are active outdoors
and the more strenuous their activity. This is because the harder we work or exercise, the more
rapidly we breathe and greater concentrations of particles reach the deepest and most sensitive
areas of the lungs.
People involved in an activity that requires heavy or prolonged exertion can reduce the time
they spend on the activity or substitute another activity that requires less exertion, especially
on days when particle pollution levels are elevated. For example, alking instead of jogging to
reduce the impact of fine particles on their health.
Symptoms of exposure to fine particles include:
Even healthy people may experience temporary symptoms from exposure to elevated levels of
particles. Symptoms may include: irritation of the eyes, nose and throat, coughing, phlegm,
chest tightness, and shortness of breath.
People with lung disease may not breathe as deeply or as vigorously as normal, and may
experience respiratory symtoms including: coughing,phlegm, chest discomfort, wheezing,
shortness of breath and unusual fatigue. These symptoms are an indication to reduce exposure
and to follow the advice of their doctor.
People with heart disease can have serious effects, such as heart attacks, with no waning
symptoms. If people with heart disease have symptoms of breath, or unsual fatigue, these may
indicate a serious problem and should follow the advise of their doctor.
Asthmatics should already have an asthma action plan that they routinely follow, but may need
to follow it more carefully when particles levels are high.
Source: http://www.maine.gov/dep/air/meteorology/regionalhaze/reghealth.htm(Apr 2006)
In this unit, you learnt many skills which will enable you to
manage your learning more effectively. It started by explaining
the meaning of a goal and more importantly, an effective goal. it
also suggested ways to enhance your motivation and memory
skills so that you can learn effectively. To help you cope with your
busy schedule, suggestions to enable you to manage your time and
stress level were provided.
For individuals with different ways of learning, strategies to
maximise your learning using your styles were explained. Finally,
this unit ended with an explanation on the importance of taking
notes as well as ways of taking notes. By mastering all these
strategies, you would be able to go through your long journey of
obtaining your degree much more smoothly. You will therefore be
able to achieve your goal faster and through a more enjoyable
process.
You have been asked to give a speech at a college during Parents Day on bringing up
children. Discuss four (4) ways that you can use to analyse your audience.
CONCLUSION
2 In-text Citations
[In the text of the article]
(Chicago style)
2 references
[At the end of the article]
(Chicago style)
Question 2 (50%)
As an ODL student it is very important that you remain motivated to learn regularly. Explain
any four (4) factors that can best help to motivate you to learn.
2. 4 ways that can best help you learn : ELABORATION CONCISE AND PRECISE.
3. CONCLUSION
2 In-text Citations
[In the text of the article]
(Chicago style)
2 references
[At the end of the article]
(Chicago style)