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A M E NI S M A T E NI S M A ND
,
E G Y P T I A N M O NO T H E I SM
WITH H IERO GLY P H I C TE XT S OF H YM N S TO AME N
A ND ATEN TRA s
, TI O N S A ND ILL USTRA TIO NS BY
SI R E R NE S T A L LI S B UD G E L I T T D D LI T T
,
. .
, . .
KE E P E R OF TH E EG Y PT IA N A ND A SS Y RIA N
A N TI Q UITI E S I NT HE BRITI S H M US EUM
T HE M E M O RY OF
T
HERBER
O F CA R NA R V O N
CON TEN TS
The Reign of Tu tn kh m en
Egypti an Monotheism
I LLU S TRA TION S
I . PL A TE S
T o face 1 9 .
A men Ra -
,
King of the Go ds
Am en it
his son
Khn em A n qit an d,
Sati Tri ad of ,
Eleph antine
Am en hetep III in the Temple of Sulb
H athor of Thebes
Mut consort of Amen R
,
-
H er -
p a -
khart ( H ar
po krates)
H er -
n etch -
tef f
Ment -
H eraakhu ti , W ar -
god of Hermonthi s
Menu mut f Ka - -
P t ah M an god of Memphis
,
-
ILLUSTRA TION S ix
PA G E
an d w ater
Resurrection
A ten source of life
,
1 9 2 3 p 9)
.
xii P REFA CE
All the writers who h ave described an d di scussed
the di scovery h ave quite rightly lost no O ppor
, ,
)
c at ,
A
RI R
C)
M
a
+ i e >
E
The Mesopot mi ns knew of no such be st
a
w
a
ig o
c
l
l"
k g
a
l
an d
,
of sin ,
or an y evidence of belief in a resurrection
an d a life beyond the gr ave It is of course .
, ,
t t ll y h w h f d h m
On e lin e j us to e ou t at e ave oun t e ost
rem k bl d th t h
ar a e b m d I xp t i Egy p
n a as ever een a e, e ec n t
l wh I h i t h mb b
,
th i g h i th m
.
( p t i ) d th wh g d k w
.
u s a rs i l d d
an ere s a sea e oor ere oo n ess no s
wh t h
a i
t I i ere ly h q
s t i t y f h bj t s n ot on t e u an o t e o ec ts,
h i x p i l b y i h d i gi li ty whi h
.
but t er e ce t on a eau t n s an or na c
m k thi h x di y di Th
, ,
th h i h m b t if l h y bj h
.
has b f d i Egy p t l b t
een oun f h m t m
n a a as er vases o t e os ar
ll
ve ous w k d q itor k w x ptan p t di hu e un no n e ce as re resen e n t e
h f t t h i b d w d f l b dw k
,
to mb s ; c ou c es o s a e, c a rs, e s, on er u ea or ,
PREFA CE xi x
f our c h ariots enc rusted wi t hp rec ious t
s on es, f
li e siz e -
bitu
m en ised gu res of the in g in solid g old san dals an d covered k
wi th x b k b th h
in sign ia o es inn um era le the ing s clo es a S awab ti
b 3 f t high t i k f t I h p d h bx
, , ,
a ou t ee s c so sta e ave n ot o en e t e o es ,
t k w wh t i i th m b th
.
,
m p py
an d d on no a s n e ; ut ere are so e a rus
l tte f ers, j w ll y b q t
ai en c e, dl kh dl
e e er ou u e s, c an es on an c an e
ti k All thi i i [ h ] f t h m b b id l t f
,
s c s s s n t e ron c a er, es es o s o
t ff y Th i th th m wh i h y
.
s u ou c an t see ere s en an o er roo c ou
t h f t
.
i w i h f i l b
c an g t get n o o n to t e c aos o urn ure, etc a a aster
pil d p 4 5 f t h igh Th w m
.
,
l d d b h i d wh i h I m
. .
,
k w wh S m f h ff i i x ll di t i
,
no s at o e o m t e stu s n e ce en t c on on , so e
h wh l th i g i m d th th i
.
th t l d d ! E L
a sea e w t h d by h ight
oor ven ac au
1
as ou c e t e s
h t t
.
[ Tw p o g p m i d ]
ara ra I i g i g s om m hi gtte t s o n to c os e so e n
a wf l b u I m g i g t ut y d i all m y lf I hi k i
o n o tr to o t a se t n t
will t k C t d h i t t ly w y
.
,
if w d m h b h i d h
e n l I m
uc mi g b k i e n t e sea s . a co n ac n ten
day s an d will try an d see y ou
Y ours ever, CA RNA RV ON .
Th p t D i t f th S i f A tiq iti
e resen rec or o e erv c e o n u es .
xx PREFA CE
spent himself freely in helping them in every way
in his power .He gave them his time an d energy
an d knowl edge ungrudgingly but this work al as , ,
p erfect known He
. only c ared for the best a n d ,
British Museum ,
M ay 7 ,
1 9 2 3 .
NOT ES
The ki ng s of the XVIII th dy n asty reign ed b
a ou t
y ears, i . a, . f
ro m b
a out B C . . 1 5 80 to 1 35 0 ; t eir h n am es are
as follows
Thothm es I , b
a o ut 1 5 46 , b 3 0 y ears
reig n ed a out .
Hats hp b
e su t;
1 5 00 to 1 4 47 a out
Thothrn es I II
.
Sak ara
Ai
Herem beb ,
b
a out 1 35 0, reig n ed 3 4 y ears .
stro ngly as pi = h
t a soun d somet ing li e d ; k a
r ated ; h k ,
dee p gu t ural t
li e the H eb rew
pk a = the soun d of the H eb rew
2 T UTA NKH A MEN
Seaak ara who m arried the princess M E RITAT E N
, ,
throne .
, ,
q6) f S
O
W M
to
a whom l i fe I S gi ven for ever
o .
2
S A gypti h Z i t h ft Bd 38 1 900 pp 1 1 2 1 1 4
ee e sc e e sc ri , .
, , .
-
.
REI G N or TUT A NKH AMEN
TH E 3
th at Legrain discovered at K arn ak in
From this stele we le arn th at the strong n ames
an d ofci al titles which Tut ankh a men adopted
were as follows
1 Horus n ame
. K A NE K H T T U T M E S.
- - -
m
MI E P 25 T
a .
D I O 1 1 1 1
sa ss Pi
5 . Son of Ra n ame . T UT A N K H A M E N
A men .
1
S A l d S vi
ee V l V 1 905 p 1 9 2 ; R
n n a es a er il d
ce, o .
, , . ecue c
T v
ra aux,V l XX IX 1 907 pp 1 62 1 73
o .
, , .
.
4 TUT A NKH AMEN
state of c on q I on that prevai led in Egypt when
he ascended the throne The hi eroglyp hs giving .
l the
expect ations of the great ancient priesthoods of
Egypt .
b acks .
. Desert )
c ame under hi s supervision an d every l and ,
-
, ,
, ,
i
, ,
S
,
R }R Q ;
V P
, , , , ,
M any .
, dan i beds , ,
Thi i
1
s m f Th b b t it w
s a na l p pli d t th
e o e es, u as a so a e o e
t w f N p t wh th g t t mpl f Am Ra f N bi
o n o a a a, ere e rea e e o en o u a
itu t d
-
was s a e
d wi g p bli h d by L p iu Dm kmal
'
.
2
S th
ee e ra n II Iu s e e s s, er ,
pl 1 1 6 1 1 8
-
. .
THE REI G N OF TUT A NKHA MEN 1 1
rpose of pl ac ating the restorer of the c ult of
pu n en. Be this as it m ay the gold an d silver an d,
, ,
, . .
1
S D i M p D y Th T mb f H mh bi
ee av s -
as ero- aress , e o s o ar a
and Touat dn khamanoa Lon don 1 9 1 2
-
, , .
9
See H all H R C atalog ue of Egyptian Scarabs Lon don
, .
, ,
1 9 1 3 Nos 1 9 68 1 9 7 2 ,
, . 1 9 7 , 1 98 pp . .
TH E REI G N OF TUT A NKH AM EN 1 3
kheperu -
Ra , giver of li fe for ever ( 7
the other an d
( No 2 57 . te in colour is inscribed ,
ri y a ash I L: !: I!
- - >
III t i ll was de ad ,
h
T is is the legen d as pi
r n ted
in II pl C X C I bi s No 2
t xt ft V
. . .
,
2
For the e see K ei lschri o 6
'
aas B og haz koi , H e , N . .
Rev I I I 1 1 7 1 3
.
, . .
3 See
Dr . F
Hrosn y Di e Losang des H elki ti schen P roblems,
.
,
, D
ber, 1 9 1 5 , No 5 6 , 36 . p . .
TUTA N KH A MEN A ND TH E CU LT
OF AMEN .
G rea or of T hb
e es c oun er ar o f Amen weller ind
k
.
,
Bible N ahum 3
,
i e the
,
city of A men unti l
. .
, ,
t p
,
t
. .
, ,
9
Q uin u s u rtiu s lib IV 7 C See also Navill
,
e L e i eu
.
, .
, D
de l Oasi s de J upi ter A mon in C omptes Ren dus dc l A cadmi e,
-
1 906 25,
p . .
TUT A NKH AMEN
e ffective hold on the S dan beyond Napata
( J ab al B ark al ) at
, the foot of the Fourth
C at aract During one of his wars or raids into
.
, ,
rea G od
.
ft d p t d th f b by d t
-
of the in e o s
h ddg
-
.
is o en e ic e in is orm man
a
yp tl the o l es ea e od in
-
.
Eg
Heredit ary
P rincess Gre at Lady President of the South an d ,
, E M UKA - -
.
1 a ! r
(I r
=
.
2 I I'
m =
lll i ll! J ! (I r
3 a "v
4 l I J I E ll $ 1 "
it EII I= J !
an d if
Thothm es IV c arried her worship of them into
Egypt it is e asy to believe th at her religious
,
+
B k Di M i t
1 or i Sp h B li 1 909 e an n rac e, er n ,
H ft I p 7
, .
K i l h iftt t
2
c B gh 1 5 i
sc r N 1
ex e aus o az/ 2 . e , . . o
.
,
l 55 .
3
an d
Y are determin atives of g od an d
g0 5 3 .
1 3
2 2 TUT ANKH AMEN
which was hostil e to Amen but her husb and s ,
fteenth
century A legend was current in Egyp t under 1
1 890
t x
.
9
See Naville s edi ion of the te ts Vol I I pl 46 5 5
. . .
, ,
T UT AN K H AMEN CU LT OF A MEN 2 3
24 TUT A NKH AM EN
ction was promulgated by the priests of Amen
in respect of their god an d Am enhetep III A ccord .
1
Neb -
m aat~Ra is the
'
p ren omen of Amen hetep I II .
2
Den km aler, I II , 85 .
2 6 TUT A NK H AMEN
T em le p
se
of S
as a
ul b .
er o f the T ria n the
H th hb M ut, L dy As h fm l
a
t
or
in carn a e i n
and a wom an
of
.
T
the
e
f m
or
es,
s
who
of a
was
c ow t
a
p
c oun er ar t
of
of
er, a
Am en R a -
e
.
a e
Khensu , a
b
M
oon g od,
t h
-
ir
m em er of the grea T eban T riad
th d An pu, or A n ub is,
N ph thy
e
son
s.
of Set an d
Sbk
e a , an anc ien t d
Croc o ile god -
. Net ( Np t th ) S b k f S b k
ar
ei
of
, the
e a
em ale
or e e
coun ter
.
,
powers an d operations .
,
-
TUT A NKH AMEN A ND CU LT OF A MEN 3 1
, ,
H
er- S
e men , or H orus the A g ed
. H
er
1
-
kh
at
H
t ( H ar
orus the dm i
krates) ,
.
, ,
accl aimed j y
o q y at ri sing a n d settin He
cre ated the e arth The next words T i hn em ,
in 1
A ten is next c alled Conqueror of the Two
L ands from the gre atest to the least A nother .
.
,
-
.
A m en hetep III .
, ,
specimens : 1
A hi
1
glyp hi t a ip t f th h i
ero ti t xt will b
c r nscr o e era c e e
f u d i M t L Rit l d C lt Divi j umali
.
o n n ore , e ue a u e n o er en
Egypt P i 1 902 p 69
e, ar s, , . .
36 TUT A NKH AM EN
Hom age to thee O A men R a Lord of The bes
,
-
, ,
M K a m ut f, or M
en u , Bull of his m o th
th d t tyd th h
en u - -
er, a
god of n ew ir b
an d virili , wi w om A men
a n d Am en Ra were i en i e
-
.
are m ade ) .
TUT A NKH AMEN A ND CU LT O F A MEN 3 7
Thou art the M aker of he aven thou didst ,
O
[ ] A m en R a Lord of the Throne of
-
the
, Two
L ands President of the A pit A men R a
, ,
-
.
, ,
Thebes in pe ace ,
.
.
,
( Egypt ) in pe ace
Watch being at pe ace ! Thou watc hest in
.
,
thyself in pe ace
Watch being at pe ace ! Thou watchest in
.
,
.
,
p .
longer .
th e
G eb, the E ar
Gd G
tth -
g od, FLth d
a er of Nut
H , the goS ky ddb th L dy
-
ess, the a
E t ty
ern i
o
.
s, rea G od, or of of eaven , who g ave
an d I sis an d Set an d N phthy
ir
e
to O siris
s.
an d the a
A men .
, ,
M
( Eg
emp is
yhpt
) , the grea t L d
h
of eaven the mis ress of the T wo
,
yt t Pt h f
M an god of
g p ) She was a emale
t
an s ( E
-
. .
c oun er ar p of a .
the gods ( I bi d p . .
, .
4 0 T UT A NK H A MEN
( Ch ap VIII ) . .
( Ch ap VIII ) . .
on thy face .
. . .
4 2 TUT ANKH AMEN
He had no mother for whom his n ame Was
m ad e He had no f ather who begot him
.
,
him ( Ch ap XV ) . . .
l
.
,
1
t pt
For ran sc ri s of the i eratic e s ran sla ions etc see h t xt t t , .
,
p
,
9
A c om le e ran sc ri p of the i era ic te in o iero
gly ph
s, wi a ren c thtransla ion , has F een h
u lis ed by t b p b h
G rbau t, Hy mne aA mman Ra P aris 1 87 5 -
, , .
TUT A NKH AMEN A ND CU LT OF A MEN 43
A H Y M N T o AM E N R a -
.
gods ,
nor of Punt ,
the c attle ,
PO WE R produced by Pt ah
, ,
,
TUT A NKH AM EN
Great of power Lord of awe , ,
gods ,
Khepera in his bo at
He sent out the Word the gods c am e
.
into being ,
x v Im ag e O NE a g m aker of
.
,
r
everything th at is ,
f Q
5
O NE A L O NE ,
Q m aker of
things that are .
TUT A NKH AMEN A ND CU LT OF AM EN 4 5
Men proceed from his eyes
The gods come into b eing b y his
,
utter ance
M aker of green herb s Vivi
,
er of the
c attle,
br anch .
XIX Ch
. i ef of the G re at Nine G ods ,
O NE A L O N E without a second
,
A H YMN TO A MEN A ND A TEN
H ER A ND S UT I O V E RS E E RS O F W O R K S
, AT T H EBES ,
I N T H E R E I G N or A M E NHET EP III .
?
M T ?
R K
i f
5
.
ly a
T
Q
W M
El a
Il ia 8 0
0 o
Be autiful ( or B en e
.
, ,
h
T is m on umen t has een u lis ed by P ierre Rec ueil
1
b pb h t
tome I 20 an d by B irc
.
, pTran s Soc Bi bl A rch Vol
. III h , .
,
,
. V ,
p
. .
1 43 E
t k th t
. .
2
Li erally he m a e n ot c essa ion
t h
.
,
3 Or
C rea or H ere Am en is iden ti ed wit the ancien
. t
g od of reation C .
A HYMN TO A MEN A ND ATEN 47
h Pim
( P)
IM
s r
s
( P)
lit 2 i E i? ii E :
u
El i? T s
i5 5 MP 0
4
M l?e
M M T
" m =
<
e if P Y Q E
4
2 A ti 2 i = i
CT m
c ,
77?I a
75 3 3
Q w ir 2
1
T ham p h p g ild d
c er pp a s g ld i t lf
e Th co er, or even o se e
d wi th it
.
,
p f th b li k w
ca s o e o e s v s ere c o ere
i gp h p th did t d ig thi w
.
M ean n er a s, ou s es n ne o n
48 TUT ANKH AMEN
U a t ? Q !
w
n
e c
it ! m l
( t ie) [II
C . z z: i ts
2
" C
: W
1 Q I A C
o
v
a l
m =9=
I I I t i a t]
"
l M
M
o P 0
a f
ki
IQ O
M U
7 direct
. their g a z e upon thee they cea se not to ,
Th t xt i p b bly
1 e e s p t h ; th w it m t t
ro a corru ere e r er ean o
sa
y W h
Th y M jen t y tt th tli hi t
a es d i t se e , ou s n es an r ses
p th T t (th U d rw ld)
u on e ua e n e or .
5 0 TUT ANKH AME N
e as Is I I
s a
: 2;
w
e
Ii u
Ge n
II
w
A D
i 3 o
d
;
Ins 11 1
we
1 1 . G ds
o men arti
an d cer gr acious one e x ceed
, , ,
, He .
m o m
C
m m
A
o
El s e
law
I
He looketh on what he h ath m ade the
Lord O NE bringing al ong into c aptivit y
_ ,
[i f m a U
i el
r
O
s 0 m
m ;
No 4 D "
M
ct m ooo
th a
t$ 0
33
Mi I if
u
se i s l h e
S
H i
t
H< in Q)
! lo
i "
m u
?
I I I
$
M
D
1 &1 k
-
ill ?
R H W m
TREE) :
c en c e m ake me a buri al in Am en tt ,
' '
word aten q~8 or atken Q is a very M M
,
O
old word for the disk or f ace of the sun ,
sems the older Horus an d it was he who
, ,
.
,
H
hi twi
h wk h d d d S
b th
orus,
h f m
a -
T h g dd
di
ea e N ph th y wh
,
H li p i
an
Th l gy
et, e o ess e s o,
d h l tt t p t fS
s n w
ro er ; t e or er as c or ng to e o ol tan eo o
g d fm l ,
ig h t
g d f h d
o o t e w
ay , an t e a er o as a e a e c oun er ar o et .
of h t e n .
qw k
o
an d In l ater t i mes
, at least he , ,
5s TUT A NKHA MEN
in the X VI Ith Chapter he s ay s I am Tern in his
rising I was the Only One [when] I c ame int o
.
sk
y for the rst time under the form of R a an d ,
9
. He kept the Registers of things cre ated an d
uncreated Though the p apyrus from which we
.
O siris, L d
or
of
of E
Amen tt
t ty
.
erni , Bull I sis, fml
e
an d
a e
mo th
c oun te
er 0
art
H
of
o rus .
Osiris,
,
-
,
Q
was c alled RX 90
Of his origin an d
( Mycerinus ) Not s at i
.sed with this they rej ected ,
west end sto od a t runc ated or blunted pyramid , ,
, ,
ca
d
O siris Khen ti Amen tt,
d d
cd an d
of the
t
T he
R tt d riun e
tShk
g od of th e O sirian
ree m em ers b
th W d
j u g e of the ea an d lor
O er orl
.
esurrec i on
o f his
D th
ri a
. The
were e er,
M
an
ph Pt
o ld
C t
ea g od of em is ; ah, a
M ph
-
rea i on g od of em is ; an d
d d
-
,
I
hl 2; Es l
l
m
Py mid T x
K [hg , ra e ts, II . N . 663 p 3 72
, . .
64 TUT A NKH AMEN
the Egypti ans reg arded as the soul of Ra ,
,
-
over his re al m of A m en tt .
6
solar god who was associated with the Disk was
Tem or Atmu who is frequently referred to
, ,
q u en c es w a s
, h is m arri ag e with the l ady Ti ( or
Tei) l[M (Q a priv ate in dividu al
, app ar entl y ,
ii 1 I =
E= E Her father was c all ed l u au
QQ Q an d her mother Thu an 3:
.
,
1
F or an x m pl N 4094 i th B iti h Mu um
e a e see o n e r s se
F th Egyp tia R m)
.
(T b l C
a e B ase . our n oo .
2
See Nos . 4 096 an d 1 6988 .
68 TUT ANKH AM EN
is here referred to S imil ar to th at in the old story ,
, ,
1
See No . 49707 in the Britis hM useum .
70 TUT A NKH A MEN
other A ryan gods whose cults in m any respects
resemb led those of Horus R a Tem an d other
,
, ,
of Am en hetep s reign
.
1
F x mpl f thi g p f
or a ne e a eo b N 5 5 5 85 s rou o sc ara s, see o
th B iti h M
.
i
n e r sm useu
Fi x m pl i th B iti h Mu um
.
2 ne e a es n N 4095 e r s se are 05 .
,
1 25 2 0, 24 1 69 an d 2 9 438 .
CU LT O F ATEN 7 1
, ,
h
h h
, ,
.
DEV ELO PMEN T OF TH E CU LT
O F A T EN U N DER A M ENHETEP IV .
adds ,
The cranium however exhibits in an , ,
1
See D avis , The Tomb of Q u een Tiy i , Lon don 1 9 1 0 , .
76 TUT A NKH AM EN
an d there was no gre at omcial to in struct
him in the arts of war for the long peaceful ,
, ,
, ,
,
.
d
7 8 TUT ANKH AM EN
would h ave been so b lind to f acts as to attempt
to overthrow Amen an d his worship round which ,
A ten , the t d fh
g rea god, lor o eaven , f
ro m wh om p roc eeds li f
e
.
,
, ,
, , , , , , ,
touches an d re ads
The L iving Horus of the two horizons ,
we must
tr ansl ate it by h eat or he at an d .
,
, ,
, ,
go e dd
ss Heqit, on e of the Eig ht
M b
em ers of the O g oa d d
o f Th o h t .
F
82 TUT AN KH AM EN
too philosophi c al in ch ar acter an d was prob ably
b ased upon esoteric doctrines that were of foreign
origin Her an d Suti the two gre at overseers of
.
cial s , ,
, cial worship
due to him as such But with hi s son it was .
,
-
, ,
84 TUT A NKH AM EN
these murmurings were ch anged to thre ats an d
curses an d disputes between the A menites an d
Wh at exactly h appened
,
, ,
q %
&
M
n ame which
a b y an alogy
Spirit of Aten .
will ,
,
.
h th l d f h w iti g f M t dd t t h
T
g od,
o , or
H w
d f h p im l G d
o t e r n
e
o the
as the reali
piri ual
tyt d b th t tphdy p ht
aa ,
,
law,
the go
o
ess of
sical
ru
and
,
tth
m in
t d i t p h h will
ran sla e
is G od
o
.
t e r
n o S e ec
eva
t e
o , an d
of
s
ness, t ty
in
,
egri
or er,
,
rec
etc .
i u e, u rig
h
Amen etep IV , p
accom anie d by hi
s f mily
queen and a , making ferings to
of t
A en.
CU LT or ATEN UN D ER AM EN BETE F IV 8 9
semi m agic al rites an d ceremonies which the
-
( see p 9) th at a consider
. able number of d ancing .
, ,
, , , , ,
A n i etc ?
,
1
The names of the seven daug ters of Aakhun aten were h
1 A t en -
meri t q8 ,
Q .
[Ma Q 2 . k
M a et Aten , -
DO
3 A kh
MMM K ]
S
. n -
s eu- -
p a -
Aten ,
} i
4 . Nefer
g l In k
-
n eferu -
Aten the li tle t , 1] M m 0
5 Nf f R 0
6llg 6 S p . e er n e eru
- -
, . ete -
en
y? Q g
B k A E m 7 . a t -
ten , M
n
Th t d ght m i d h f th
e rs
r gg Sk
au er arr e er a er s
- co; e n t, a ara .
Th d di d y
e sec on g d w i d i m e oun an as ur e n a to in e
2 ave s e
e o s o a ese een a ra u
by D
avi es, The Rock Tombs of E l A mam a -
. Six vols . Lon don ,
1 903 08 .
CU LT OF ATEN UN D ER AM EN HETE P IV
94 TUT ANKH AMEN
The tombs of these men are different from all
others of the s ame class in Egypt The w alls are .
, , , ,
royal leader rej ected all the old funer ary Liturgies
like the Book of Opening the Mouth an d the ,
. .
, ,
Amen hetep I V td
sea e his t
p or able lion th ron e benea h t the y At
ra s of
y ty
on -
en
he h ld
o s in his h d
an s the old Ph araon ic s m b ols of sovereign
d mi i A
o n on .
H erem
h the Comm ander in Chi ef m an aged to
eb , - -
G
9 8 TUT ANKH AM EN
R a of Heliopolis The Memphites an d the Helio
.
1
tt h p t tt f
All t ese le ers an d re or s are wri en in c un ei orm
p
u on clay tb t h h
a le s of w ic th h
o ver ree f d
un dred were oun
t ,
S
by a n a ive wom an at T all al A m arn ah in 1 88 7 8 umm aries
t t th t h pb h
- -
by Win c ler ;
, ,
h
an ot er G erm an t t p b h
ran sla ion w as u lis ed by Kn u dtz on
,
t x th t t
.
tt f t f S
.
, , ,
do it .
dan proves th at 1
1
I t was rst published by H all , C atalog ue of Scarabs .
p . 302.
CULT OF ATEN UNDER AMEN H ETE P IV 1 05
$
7
1
1
i n l l)
N
i e
l
1 2 5 7
? l i l l hl i ll ill
This inscription shows th at the sc arab was m ade
for Am en hetep IV before he adopted his n ew n ame
of A akhun aten The l ast three lines give n ames .
tion is as follows
The king of the South an d of the North ,
, , , ,
say : ,
dan i
Thunder god with A ten ? The writer of one of
-
.
,
,
an d are commonly known as T all
CU LT OF ATEN UNDER A MEN HETE P IV 1 09
al Am a -
rn ah
In 1 887 this n am e was in common
.
Vice Consul ,
-
, ,
h
T is disc overy has een attri u ted to P etrie by M r
1
b b
h t
.
2 He
dug t ere rom ovem er 1 89 1 to the en d of M arc N b , , ,
. . .
,
, ,
-
.
, ,
tongued . er an d Quickener ,
Wilk i H i d M y th l gy p 3 3
1 n s, n u oo
S M t i G d f I di p 3 5
. .
,
2 ee ar n, o so n a, . .
M i W illi m I di
3
Wi d m p 1 9
on er -
a s, n an s o , . .
1 1
4 TUT A NKH A MEN
enhetep IV an d hi s followers conc eiv ed an
Aa
m
im ge of him in their minds an d worshipped
him inwardly But the abstract conception of .
doth sc an
In quick succession all this stirring active
world .
sp ace ,
M M Q The e arly .
1
M onier William s ranslation
t
V
-
.
9 Rig eda VI I 86 3 6
-
, , ,
.
A .
A H YMN TO ATEN BY TH E KIN G .
1
1 i h
w
e
a
s:
s i s uh e v
i l i a ti o v
l H as
A H YMN OFPRA I S E T o T H E L IVI N G H OR U S O F T HE
T wo H O RIZO NS W H O RE J O I CE T H I N T HE
,
H O RI ZO N I N HI S N A M E O F SH U W HO I S I N T HE ,
A TE N D I S K) T HE GI VE R O F LI FE FO R ,
E V E R A ND E V E R B Y T H E K I N G W H O L IVE T H
,
I N TR UT H T H E L O R D O F T H E T wo L A N D S
, ,
NE FE R Ra UA EN RA SO N RX
-
K H E PE RU - - -
,
OF ,
W HO LI VET H I N T R UT H LO RD O F T HE C RO W NS , ,
H I S L I F E GI VE R O F L I F E FO R E V E R A ND E VE R
,
.
ISee de G N D
avi es The Rock Tombs of El A marn a
xxx xxx t xt f b Of
. .
, ,
i <7
1 1 th
0 o
ll w t
ttt == - ~
v
J
lQ T h h'
o
h m
ih m
8 & 1 ?t
"
Mi . Pi ni lZi -
a e. a s
K l fl i
Q I :
l j a
Q
QQQ U
I s I n
[ He s aith]
Thou risest gloriously O thou Living A ten , ,
hill m Q T
s
W w
a .
1
E1 1
1}t W
11 3 .
m
e
)
a
ffai ? r M
ll i :
U P?
9 0
h ill
h P
us W
31 2 1] K 11 8 1
Zh s C m
m ill s
h e
hp
iq
lo t A IJ H All
m 5
t
i hi t ?
h
?
21 951
N U m g
E ll 63
' 3 0 1
11 1 : O
H
$ 11 8
1 1 3 9 4 12
1 3 11 1 } d r il l]
HR ? O
31 t 11
, ,
N E FE R K HE P E RU RA UA E N RA [s aith]
- - - -
e m c
i ha i
Q " D
h A C
Ql
' K Q
W
1 Th p g i b
e k t i dd d f m th py f th
assa e n rac e s s a e ro an o er c o o e
H ymn , viz .
,
th t
a of t
Tu u .
B .
-
HYMN To AT EN
BY
AI ,
O VE R S E E R O F THE HO R S E OF
AA K H UNAT E N .
H i
1 . A Hymn of praise of Her aakhuti the living -
KH E P E RU RA UA E N RA the son of R a
- - -
, ,
1
See N . de G . Davies , op ci t
. Vol VI , pl
. . xxvn .
1 2 4 TUT ANKH AMEN
Q I U J I I I I I t
1 5 1
w
I I I A
o n
w
IIZP [l ist
goin gs .
m m . C
h
im
a
i ii
4
h? <7
L a i r:
a U s.
it not .
is $ 1 01 1 (3
I I I
i 8
I
c m
all kinds
1 2 8 T UT A NK H AMEN
Q u il l" $ ' 3 O
t s a
v El
k / x
(Wy e V
U
lm -
c .
m z mo
a
o n
O K
Q A
O O M z a
susten ance .
N w
a
l
l a
W
k A
h: a .
s ? ? [M lw vvw
m
c
i i s;
his might when he hath come forth from
,
L and of Egypt .
1 30 TUT A NKH AMEN
teristics ( or fo rms ) an d
,
i n u m
Wg
3
2 a
e
m
u
lq lo q
o z
o
a
O G
h
'
lQ M oo
= >
8 l
m
= W f i
l]
l ll
f
feet (or legs) Hapi (the Nile) cometh from
.
li\ l ]
l lq ga
s M
w e
l l Q C .
2W k iw
" i
6
t
c b
m g
EM
r
"
.
a .
A ll m W U C
D
W
E
E C Z
?
_JL
a
.
0 c .
zenith .
it s
n
o
rm 2430' s ?
t
r M o 0 7:
body .
, ,
Lord .
, .
O S H E PH E R D O L O RD O O N LY O NE Cre ator
, , ,
A H Y M N TO RA WH E N H E RI S E S I N T H E E A ST .
of He aven .
2
Geschi edeni s van den Godsdi en st i n de Oudhei d A m sterdam , ,
1 89 3, p
25 . .
E G Y PTIA N MONOTHEISM 1 41
nature inclini ng to p antheism M aspero admitted
,
.
1
2
H i stoz rc A n ci emte, Paris, 1 904
, p . 33 .
1 42 TUT A NKH AMEN
honour able place among the religions O f antiquity .
p .
2
Religi on an d M y thologi e Lei , p
z ig 1 885
, , p . 90 .
1 44 TUT A NKH A M EN
Nile god is thus described only bec ause he was the
-
or 1 or j y
C
this power is N ETE R O
O
, ,
g y y i i
represents the ,beings it
Kk j@
known .
3 The d aily
. bre a d is under the dis p ens ation O f
God ll
E
.
,
4 W hen thou
.
p lou g h est l a b our in the eld ,
, , .
,
l
1 The G od x x j
.
, m agnies his n ame , .
3 It is thy G od I Q
C
. who gives thee existence , , .
the truth .
extract re ads
6 Observe with thine eye his plans ( or dis
.
Paris 1 8 76 78
,
-
an d A mlin eau La M orale Egyptia n s , ,
P aris, 1 89 2 .
1 48 TUT ANKH AMEN
A m an prep ares the str aw for his building ,
builds up d aily .
XXVI) .
l
g od whose ,
power
an d import ance depended
upon the we al th an d social position of his wor
shippers But the Eg ypti an whilst adoring the
.
,
1
S Egypti Hi
ee ti P py i d B dg
an S dS i era c a r e u e, econ er es,
d
.
,
Lon on , 1 92 3 .
EGYPTIA N MONOTHEISM 1 49
CbJ
The di stinction between
. God an d
D
he aven 5
, Now the monothei sm
1
mm
a
1 F rom p
the P a y rus of Nebseni . E arly XVIII th dy n as y t .
1
See Budg e, Gods f the Egy pti ans
o , Vol I .
, p . 45 8 .
1 52 TUT ANKH AMEN
Am en hetep IV attempted to est ablish a p osi tive
religion an d as a religious innov ator he spoke an d
,
appoint ed t ask bec ause his religion did not app eal
to the tradition an d religious instincts an d su sc ep
tib ili ties th at already existed among the Egypti ans
,
Aa em aba , 8 6 f Am en hetep I f
ou n d Of er the
t mb p th d Of
- -
.
,
65 ; in c arn a ion Am en
Aapep, I 0
5 ' R a, 2 4 his reig n an d wor s, k
A bd A shratum, 1 0 0 , 1 0 1 2 2 ff ; g o u a, 2 4 ; d O f N bi
k t p
-
S b
. .
A bi M il i, I O I his em le at ul , 1 2 his
ph t t b
-
.
A bu ( E le an in e) , 5 om , 73 his wives, 6 9
b yd y
. .
A os, I 6 , 2 8 , 3 5 A m en hetep I V , 4 , 6 8 ; en em
b t d
.
A c ro a s, 9 , 9 2 of A m en an d the g o s, 7 6 ;
p t k f d t h
.
Ai , ries an d in g, 7 6 , 7 7, 9 2 , o un s a c i y, 8 4 ; c an g es
t
- -
S
.
x d
A le an er the rea , 1 6 G t h t Of
c arac er 1 06 had wa er t
k b
,
.
A l Kab, I O to A en , 1 1 6 ff
h h
-
.
A m i, I O O A m en M u t K hen su T ria , 2 4
- -
. .
Am en a ac e A m en hetep 1 4 ac n owle g es Am en
I V , 7 9 ff ; b
ec om es in c ar
,
hetep I I I, 2 3 ; H mn s to, y
n a e, 2 2 ; t Ct
i y of, 1 5 ail d y 3 5 if
wors i O f, 3 4 hp his n am e Am en tt, 6 4 , 1 4 8
x
.
is ory ht py O f
P a rus 1 5 0
kh t , .
of, 1 4 H y mn to, 2 9 ; in An e m M aa , 8 6
kh p
- -
N b
.
o
d
- - - -
, .
pil lar c i y, 6 3 t ,
.
1 54 INDEX
Ann Of the B 5 bd So u th 3 en n u, 8 ; ir 63
bi B dD , ,
. .
A n u s, 2 7 ez ol 1 00
p
.
, r .
, .
A es, the s ng in , 3 3
i g i bk B i hu t u ri y a a b
t mb
s I 3
Bi h D S
- - - - - -
.
, .
A pi, 9 2 o of, 1 1 6
5 rc r 4 6, 8
A p it 5 Bi k t H b
. . .
, , .
,
1 . r a a u, 68
F
.
A pt, 2 . 4
5 5 i Biss n g , vo n , 6 1
b B k S l ght 5
. . .
m
A rtata a, 2 0 loo of un go 83
ft B h K i t b t Of
-
.
,
.
d
A rts an c ra s, 7 3 . og az eu ,
2 1 a le s ,
A shuru all t, 9 8
b i 1 3
B k Of G t
. .
b
A ssal erg s, D r , 1 0
3 oo a es, 94
y Of O p i g h M h
. . .
A ss ria, 2 0 BO O k en n t e on t
d ht Of i ,
.
A st, aug er T , 68 94
B k Of D d j t d b
.
A sy t, 8 4 oo the ea re ec e y
At S Di k
.
'
c ul c iall i h oo of the weller n t e
,
d t mp O f T t
.
5
7 ; n s to, 3 2 , 1 1 1 ff , oo eran u an en ,
1 1
3 , 1 1 4, 1 3 1 , 1 38 ; g ure
o Borc hart, Dr 61
t t mp Of h b B k D q td
.
, .
A en , e le at T e es, 2 or r uo e 2 1
L x B d St
, , .
, ,
.
A en , O the ne or nl n e, . IV , 8 4 .
Bourian t 1 1 1
t m B h
.
,
A en is , 8 6 ra m an s, 1 1 5
b i f Of B td f
. .
i
A ten tes, 8 4 , 1 0 8 ; el e s reas e , P ro , 1 1 2
ypt B hD H
. .
,
96 i
ru n E g 8 rug sc r 1 42
Bh
.
, ,
. . .
,
m i
A ten er t, 2 , 9 2 u en , I O
At t B t
. .
e oa 8 1 b i
B urra ur yash, 9 8
th t b B t Of ,
Byb '
. .
A en -
e en, oa ,
68 . los, 1 0 0 .
Atmu 64 , .
A t Tall, 1 0 8 , 1 09
p
.
t
. .
a on ia, 2 0 , 7 1 , 73 2 1
t Ct t 4 t Fi
. .
Ct th tF
-
.
, ,
8 9, 9 2 a arac our 1 0, 1 8, 67
B Chab F 4 6
.
.
, ,
an i A m ran , 1 0 9
as, 1
B t C h mp lli q t d
.
. .
,
ee le g od, 5 9 a o on uo e I 3, 1 40
ht t Ch i t ia
-
.
.
,
B b b k
. .
en en O elis , 1 1 9 C i l th 8
rc e, e, 0
B b St C it y O f Am 5 4
. .
B en ( en e n o n e, 6 3 , 8 3 . en , .
g m INDEX
H er ur,
-
56 K hab r, 7 2
. .
Hetkaptah 50 1 K hart m, 1 7
,
t Of
.
pt Of
- -
.
P
.
H i i es, 9 8 K e era, 2 9 . 4 4 . 4 6 , so . 6 0 .
d
.
, 3 3 ;
the il , 3 1 . K e a, 9 8
.
H rosn y, Dr F , 1 3 2 4
t b
. . . .
,
Hui, 1 1 , 9 2 ; om of, 1 0 K Am
hn em en , 32 , 49
tS b Kh m
. .
H un cara s, 7 0 ue R a, 1 47
yk B tt
-
. .
y t K h t b Of t kh m
. .
H mn s to A en , 9 4
. o l u es T u an a en ,
1 2
t 5
.
Ikh en a en , 8 K OShah, 6 7
kh t 5
- -
. .
m h O
I ag e, t e ne, 3 8 , 3 9 , 4 4 K urn ah, 1 3
Of h g d
. .
m
I ages t e o s, 7
d k
.
I n ra, 2 1 , 6 9 La e of H oru s, 1 3 7
k Of
. .
I n tar, 2 1 La e M ut, 7 2
k Of t
. .
I n taruda, 1 0 0 La e T es es, 1 3 7
Of d
. .
I sis, 2 8 , 8 0 ;
' gu re , 5 9 . L an , the E tern al, 1 3 8 .
I uaa, 66 Lapay a, 1 0 2
th
. .
Law an d T ru , 1 3 7
b B k d
.
J ac al A ven ue 7 3 L e sius, 1 0 , 1 2
ht
. .
,
J eru salem 8 7 L ig , 1 1 3
h t Of
. .
,
J g
u m en th e Las 95 72
pt ,
.
,
b 7
.
J u i er A m m on 1 6 L ion scara s, 0
t y y
.
'
.
,
Kagem n a, Prec e s , 1 4 4 pt Of 94
dO
.
t
. .
K an ekht, 1 1 5 , 1 4 7 L ore , V , 74
x
. . .
K an ekht tu t m es, 3 - -
. L u or, 2 4 , 2 8 , 7 2 .
K aradun iyash, 2 0 , 9 8 .
K arei 6 7 M i am 1 0
k ,
, . .
K arn a , 4 , 1 5 , 1 9 , 2 8 , 3 4 , 4 3 ,
S2 7 2
:
h
K es , Prin c e , 1 0 Of
hb
.
K a iri, K habiru, 9 8 , 1 0 0 , 1 0 1 .
INDEX 1 57
Ma kk h a , 87 . N asariya, 2 1 .
, .
M an n , 4 9 Naville Pro E 1 6, 2 2 1 40
dk
. .
.
, .
, ,
M ar u 60 Neber tc her 1 4 7
y Vi i
.
, .
,
M ar ,
the r
g n, 61 . Nebkheperura , 3, 1 2 .
M tt B t
,
py
.
.
,
a S J
well, ir 1 1 1 Nebt Un n ut 1 3 8
M dit
-
.
,
. .
,
e i es, 98 92
Of t
. .
M en thu, g u re
33 Nefer n eferu A en , 9 2
Of
- -
.
, .
M m
eri es, s ele of, 71 Nefertari, Q ueen, 2 8
hi h p i t f tt
. .
M erit a g r es 89 Ne er i i, Q ueen , 7 6, 9 1 9 3,
I t m b Of h d
.
, , ,
M i er ra o 9 2 1 05 35 ; 1 ea of, 1 09
I t mb Of
.
, , , .
M i er ra I , o , 92 . Neg an , 8 .
eri 43 N ei 3 0, 1 5 0
M it I , .
, .
er Ra, Nekhen 1 0.
M p t mi
-
.
,
eso o a a, 1 0 2 Nen I 4
M ta g
. .
,
es 5 ure of, 9 N en u , 5 8, 6 1
I phth Of
. .
,
Mi h hi
it ra as s i l, 2 Ne y s, 8 0 gure , 5
6
M it tt hb
- - - - -
.
.
, . .
lan
g uag e 2 1 go s 2 1 Nesubat n ame, 3
M ith th
-
,
.
, .
ras, 2 1 69 N
Net ( ei ) , gure of, 3 0
M it t
.
, .
ra, 2 1 1 1 3 . Ne er, G od an d
g od, 1 4 4
M i W i m
, .
on er ill a s, 1 1 3 Ni, 1 0 0
th i m ypt i
. .
M on o e s ,
1 49 Eg an , Nile, 1 3 0 3 2 .
1 40 if Nile god, 2 3 , 1 4 3 , 1 4 4
d
-
.
N G
.
M oon g od 1 4 7 in e o s, 4 5
tq t d NO
-
.
, .
M ore uo e 3 5 A m on , 1 5
th t
-
. .
,
M o er A en 4 9 N1 1 . 5 8 . I 3 9 , I 4 3
mmi i d Of
.
,
Mu cat on , 96 N b
u ia, 1 0, 8 9 5
g ol
g ha t b t Of
.
, 1 1 ;
M us afa t A 1 09 ri u e , 9 7
g O f t mp Of
.
, .
72 . Nu n u, 3 9, 1 4 2 , 1 4 3
1
M ceri n us, 61 . ut m en , 1 5 .
Naharn 67 b k b
O elis , sym ol of Ra, 6 2 ff
p
.
, .
O ffering s, ure, 1 4 6
d d h th
.
Napata 1 0, 1 8, 6 7, 71 76 ; Og oa of T o , 8 1
Sy i h fh k
, , .
r an c ie un g o n walls O f, O ld H aw , 4
1 8 . O n . 4 3 ; see n u .
1 58 I NDEX
One 1 48 tit Of R le a an d o th er h t
P un is m en , 9 5
d t
.
,
g o s, 3 1
33 P un , 4 3
d x
. .
O n e A lo n e, 4 4 , 4 5 . Pyrami T e ts, 1 4 , 5 7, 6 3 .
O n e G od, 1 4 1
Of Of O i i
.
t
.
W Q uin us C ur ius
.
On e a c er, the, 4 9 .
,
1 6 .
O n en ess, 4 2 , 7 9 , 1 4 9 , 1 5 0
y
.
O n l G od, 1 4 1 R5 . 5 8. 9 8. 1 2 4. 1 4 3. 1 47
b t
.
O n ly O n e, 5 8 , 1 3 7, 1 4 8 . ec om es in carn a e, 2 2
O i U N
sir s n eier, 2 8 R a A em, 6 4
O th W ld T t t
- -
. .
er or see ua ,
1
5 0 . R a A en, 1 3 8
-
.
Ra Heraakhuti, 4 , 2 8 , 6 4
ti 5 hp
-
.
Pales n e, Ri K e era, 6 4
tt f T t kham
-
. .
Pale e o u an en , 1 3 . Rames, 9 2 .
hi
P an e s , 9 2 Ra T em Heraakhuti, 1 5 0
th m d
- -
. .
P an eis , 1 4 1 . Red L an , 6 .
Pen thu, 9 2 R es R a em An u, 8 9
pi I t
- - -
. .
P e a at A
q os, 2 8 . R eten n u ( Rethen n u) , U er,
P A
er k
akheper ara, 6 1 1 8 1
t tbt
-
.
, .
P er A en , 8 3 , 8 9 Re ri u ion , 9 5
m At dd
-
. .
'
P er g e en , 8 9 R ib A a, 1 0 0
P t S Vd
- -
. .
er eason , 1 32 R ig e a, 1 1 4
d) 5
-
. .
P est (E nn ea 8 R uttet, 2 2
ti f
.
, .
P e r e, Pro , 1 0 9
h ii
. .
P oen c a, 1 1 , 1 7, 7 1 , 9 8 S i 6
acr ces, 2
P h ix 5
. .
oen , 8, 64 S d g 6 7
a n 4 a, 1 0
Sak a 9
. .
,
P hoin ix, 6 1 ar 3 8 2 1 0 1 0
Sm h 7
, ,
. .
,
P ian khi, 6 1 a na 1
h S g Of A kk d
,
. .
P ie l, K , 1 1 1 ar on a 1 1 0
t S h
. . .
,
P ierre , P , 4 6 ar a, 1 02
t Of
. . .
t S ti g
. .
Plan e s, 1 3 6 a f 5 ure o 2
y t S it i I I
.
,
.
,
P ra er, silen , 1 4 6 av r
y t
.
S b f A m h t p I II
,
Pra er to A en , 1 1 5 c ara s o en e e an d
py
.
t S h af D 6
.
g
, .
Sh d D
.
, .
S
.
t hS k a S bak g Of 3
-
.
, ,
.
P a e er- A s r, 63 e ure 0
t hS k T m S ba d 44 3 7
-
.
, ,
P a -
e er -
e ,
1 50 . e u en s, , 1 .
1 60 INDEX
T iele, 1 4 0 . Un Ne fer 1 5 0
-
,
.
T od ay, 5 8 Ur m aa, 8 9
I
-
.
b
.
T om s at T all al A marn ah , 9 2
U ru un n aash shi il, 2
t
- - - - - - -
.
b
.
T om s of the Ki n g s, 1 1
ty t
.
V aruna, 2 1 6 9 , 7 6, 1 1 3
1
5
V d , .
T rin i , the rs , 5 8
th b e as, 1 1 5
.
95
t Wi th Halfa ,
.
,
Io
Tua . the. 3 1 . 4 1 64 . 94 . 9 5 .
W d
.
ei n er Dr
.
1 1 0
W ll Of th S
, .
, .
e e un , 60
T un ip, 1 0 0
Wh it C w
.
e ro n, 1 43
T ushratta, 2 0 , 6 9 , 9 8 , 1 0 2
Wi k l
.
t kh
.
nc er, 2 0 , 1 0 0
T u an amen , reig n of, 1 1 2 H ,
Wi t 5
.
t bd d
.
n er, 1
6 08 h m i
Wi d m 4 3
.
9 1 t e o sc o vere
by
,
D
avis, 1 2 ; res ores wor t W ll y M
s o ,
1 .
s i hp
O f A men , 1 4
' oo e , r
.
,
1 1 0 .
t kh t
.
T u an a en , 2
t t b h h
.
T u u, 9 2 ; om of, 1 1 6 Ya we , 1 1 2
y
.
Yes er a , 5 8 .
'
b
Um ilic us, 1 6
k
.
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