Centre for Medieval Studies Level 1 Latin Word List

by Morris Tichenor, University of Toronto

This word list was compiled from A Glossary of Centre for Medieval Studies MA/Level 1 Latin Examinations 1990-
2013, and includes only those words which are recommended for memorization. Bold definition(s) denote(s) actual
meanings found in a previous exam and should be memorized first; additional definitions found in Lewis & Short are
listed after a semicolonan exception is made when bold definitions are less common: these are placed after the
semicolon. As an aid to vocabulary building, words are clustered around roots as defined in the Oxford Latin Dictionary.
In very few instances words were added which have not appeared in previous examinations; these words are for the most
part root-forms of words which have previously appeared. Additionally, some words have been listed according to theme,
e.g. animals, body parts, colours, since those rarely share roots with other words. These thematic lists appear after the
general vocabulary. All words are listed according to the spellings found, if present, in Lewis & Short with the exception
of the letter j which has been normalized to i in all cases; the letter u is distinguished between its vowel u and
consonant v forms. Common medieval spelling variations, such as collapsed diphthongs and assibillations, are not
noted. Regularly formed comparative and superlative forms are not noted except to highlight unique meanings.

List of abbreviations:

abl ablative gen genitive n neuter

acc accusative impers impersonal num numeral
adj adjective indec indeclinable prep preposition
adv adverb indef indefinite rel relative
compar comparative int interrogative subst substantive
conj conjunction interj interjection superl superlative
dat dative intr intransitive tr transitive
dep deponent m masculine vb verb 1
f feminine n noun

a(b) prep (with abl) from, by (agent), after (etymologies)

absque prep (with abl) except, without
ac or atque conj and; and also, and even, and yet, and so
acer, acris, acre adj sharp, vigorous; violent, acute
acies, -ei n (f) sharp edge; battle line; sharpness, debate
acumen, -inis n (n) peak; point, shrewdness, cunning
acuo, acuere, acui, acutum vb tr to make sharp; to exercise, to incite, to kindle
ad prep (with acc) to, towards, at, for, in, up to
ad hoc idiom ad hoc, to the extent; moreover
adeo adv so; so far, so long, to the end that, yet, indeed
adhuc adv still; thus far, hitherto, just now, moreover
adulescens, -entis n (m/f) young man; young woman
adulescentia, -ae n (f) adolescence; youth
proles, -is n (f) offspring; that which grows, child, youth, testicles
adulor, adulari, adulatus vb tr to flatter; to fawn over (like a dog)
adulatio, -onis n (f) adulation; fawning (like a dog)
aedes or aedis, -is n (f) home; temple, cells of bees, ear chamber, catafalque
aedificatio, -onis n (f) edification; constructing, building, instructing
aedificium, -i n (n) building
aedifico, -are, aedificavi, aedificatum vb tr to build, to found; to instruct
aeger, aegra, aegrum adj sick; sorrowful, weak
aegritudo, -inis n (f) illness; grief
aemulor, aemulari, aemulatus vb dep to emulate; to endeavor to equal or excel, to be jealous of
aemulatio, -onis n (f) rivalry; emulation, jealousy
aequus, -a, -um adj straight, fair; flat, equal, tranquil
adaequo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr and intr to level; to make equal, to attain, to be equal
aequalis, -e adj equal; of the same age, contemporary, similar, uniform
aequaliter adv equally; uniformly
aequalitas, -atis n (f) evenness; equality
aeque adv equally; justly
aequipollens, -entis adj equivalent; of equal significance
aequitas, -atis n (f) fairness; equality, tranquillity
aequor, -oris n (n) level surface, the sea
inique adv wickedly; unequally, unfairly, unsuitably, indignantly
iniquus, -a, -um adj harmful, wicked; uneven, too large or small, hostile
nequam adj indecl vile; worthless, bad
nequitia, -ae n (f) wickedness; badness, idleness, prodigality, wantonness
ar, aris n (m) air; mist, weather
aes, aeris n (n) bronze, money
existimo, existimare, existimavi, existimatum vb tr to think; to value, to consider
aestas, -atis n (f) summer; year, summer air
aestivus, -a, -um adj summer; summer-like
aestuo, -are, aestuavi, aestuatum vb intr to boil; to rage, to burn; to feel heat; to billow; to heave
aestus, -us n (m) heat; boiling, heaving, passion, doubt
aether, -eris n (m) ether; heaven, air
aevum, -i n (n) all time; age, lifetime, generation, time
aetas, -atis n (f) period, age; lifetime
aeternitas, -atis n (f) eternity; duration, a title of the emperor
aeternus, -a, -um adj eternal; immortal, everlasting
coaetaneus, -a, -um adj of the same age; contemporary
grandaevus, -a, -um adj old
2
ager, agri n (m) field; district, countryside, plain
peraro, perarare, peraravi, peraratum vb tr to write; to plough through, to furrow over, to injure
peregrinatio, -onis n (f) living abroad; pilgrimage, travel
peregrinus, -a, -um adj foreign; strange, exotic
ago, agere, egi, actum vb tr to act, to do, to drive, to plead, to treat, to wage; to spend
agere gratias idiom to give thanks
actus, -us n (m) Acts (of the Apostles), deed; motion, driving, role, gesture
agmen, -inis n (n) army; movement of an army, multitude
cogitatio, -onis n (f) thought; thinking, faculty of thought
cogito, cogitare, cogitavi, cogitatum vb tr to think; to ponder, to intend
cogo, cogere, coegi, coactum vb tr to force; to gather together, to curdle, to contract, to infer
exaggero, -are, exaggeravi, exaggeratum vb tr to heap up; to raise a dam, to enlarge, to exaggerate
exagito, exagitare, exagitavi, exagitatum vb tr to drive out; to disturb, to harass, to criticise, to excite
examino, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr and intr to examine; to form swarms, to weigh, to consider
excogito, excogitare, excogitavi, excogitatum vb tr to think up
exiguus, -a, -um adj small
igitur conj postpositive therefore, then
perago, peragere, peregi, peractum vb tr to complete; to transfix, to annoy, to describe
prodigo, prodigere, prodegi, prodactum vb tr to drive forth; to waste, to get rid of, to consume
redigo, redigere, redegi, redactum vb tr to bring back; to reduce; to receive
subigo, subigere, subegi, subactum vb tr to subjugate; to bring under, to plough, to work, to tame
transigo, transigere, transegi, transactum vb tr to pass, to settle; to drive through, to complete, to sell
aio, aiebam vb defective to say
alius, -a, -ud adj and subst indef one/some, (an)other
alienus, -a, -um adj possessive anothers, alien from, free from; hostile, foreign
aliter adv otherwise
aliqui, aliqua, aliquod adj indef any, some
aliquis, aliquid pron indef anyone, anything, someone, something
(ali)quis, (ali)quid pron indef After si, nisi, num, or ne, ali- takes a holiday
aliquando adv indef sometimes; ever, at some time, once
aliquantulum adv indef a small amount; somewhat, a little
aliquot adj indef indec some; several, a few
alo, alere, alui, al(i)tum vb tr to nourish; to feed
alimonia, -ae n (f) nourishment, food
altitudo, -inis n (f) height, depth
altus, -a, -um adj high, loud; grown, noble, deep
alumnus, -i n (m) pupil
exaltatio, -onis n (f) exaltation; pride
exalto, exaltare, exaltavi, exaltatum vb tr to exalt; to praise, to deepen
alter, altera, alterum pron indef the one, the other (of two)
adulter, -eri n (m) adulterer; counterfeiter, bastard
adulterium, -ii n (n) adultery; adulteration
adultero, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr and intr to commit adultery; to counterfeit
alternus, -a, -um adj alternate; by turns, one after another, interchangeable
ambo, -ae, -o adj num both
ambiguus, -a, -um adj ambiguous; going here and there, uncertain, wavering
ambulo, -are, ambulavi, ambulatum vb tr and intr to walk; to travel, to go, to sail, to march
amnis, -is n (m) river
amo, amare, amavi, amatum vb tr to love; to be in love, to like, to be thankful, to be wont
amabilis, -e adj worthy of love
amicabiliter adv in a friendly manner
amicitia, -ae n (f) friendship; alliance, sympathy
amicus, -i n (m) friend; ally, courtier 3
amicus, -a, -um adj friendly; kindly, pleasing
amoenus, -a, -um adj pleasant; lovely, delightful
amoenitas, -atis n (f) pleasantness; loveliness, delight
amor, -oris n (m) love; beloved object, Cupid, lust, love-charm
inimicus, -i n (m) enemy
amplus, -a, -um adj full; wide, great, splendid, esteemed, honourable
amplifico, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to enlarge; to widen, to amplify
amplius adv compar henceforth, more; further, besides
an conj or (introduces the second of a two-part question)
ancilla, -ae n (f) handmaid; female slave
ango, angere, anxi, anctum or anxum vb tr to choke; to draw together, to torment, to vex
angustia, -ae n (f) narrow passage; narrowness, scarcity, distress, brevity
angustus, -a, -um adj narrow
anxius, -a, -um adj anxious; troublesome, prepared with anxious care
egenus, -a, -um adj destitute; worthless
anima, -ae n (f) soul, breath; breeze, air
animal, -alis n (n) animal; beast
animalis, -e adj animate; consisting of air
animans, -antis adj living; subst living being, animal
animo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to animate; to fill with breath, to dispose, to enliven
animose adv courageously
animus, -i n (m) mind, spirit; will, intellect, rational soul, feeling, character
exanimis, -e adj lifeless; dead, terrified
inanimo, inanimare, inanimavi, inanimatum vb tr to encourage; to enliven
annus, -i n (m) year; circular course, yearly produce
anniversarius, -a, -um adj anniversary; annual
annona, -ae n (f) yearly produce; subsistence, price (of grain), supplies
annuatim adv yearly
ante prep (with acc) before
ante adv beforehand, previously, forwards
antequam conj before
antiquus, -a, -um adj ancient; former, earlier, old-fashioned, honest, venerable
anus, -i n (m) ring, anus, hemorrhoids
anulus, -i n (m) ring; signet-ring, link of chain, ringlet
anus, -us n (f) old woman
apex, -icis n (m) highest point; crown, summit, highest honour, letters
apio, apere, , aptum vb tr to attach, to join, to depend upon
adipiscor, adipisci, adeptus vb dep to obtain; to reach
aptus, -a, -um adj suitable; fitting, appropriate
coepi, coepisse, coeptum vb defective to begin
apud prep (with acc) among, at, before (in the presence of), in the house of
aqua, -ae n (f) water; sea, lake, stream, rain, baths
inaquosus, -a, -um adj without water
aquilo, -onis n (m) north; the north wind
arbiter, arbitri n (m) on-looker, judge; umpire, ruler
arbitrium, -ii n (n) judgment; being present, opinion, mastery
arbitror, arbitrari, arbitratus vb dep to judge; to observe, to believe, to suppose
arceo, arcere, arcui, vb tr to defend against; to enclose, to keep, to hold off
arca, -ae n (f) chest; safe, coffin, Ark, water-box, cistern
arx, arcis n (f) citadel; stronghold, defense, pinnacle, height, , summit
exerceo, exercere, exercui, exercitum vb tr to exercise; to keep busy, carry into effect, to disturb 4
exercitatio, -onis n (f) exercise; setting in motion
exercitium, -ii n (n) exercise
exercito, exercitare, exercitavi, exercitatum vb tr to exercise; to disturb
exercitus, -us n (m) army; exercise, assembly, multitude, affliction
arcus, -us n (m) arch, rainbow; bow, arc
ardeo, ardere, arsi, arsum vb intr to burn; to kindle, to sparkle, to dazzle
ardor, -oris n (m) heat; flame, brightness, glow, desire
exardesco, exardescere, exarsi, exarsum vb intr to rage; to kindle, to be enflamed
arduus, -a, -um adj steep; important, high, difficult, troublesome, adverse
argentum, -i n (n) silver; silver-work, money
argenteus, -a, -um adj of silver; adorned with silver, silvery white, monetary
arguo, arguere, argui, argutum vb tr to argue; to make clear, to accuse
redarguo, redarguere, redargui, vb tr to refute
redargutio, -onis n (f) refutation
aridus, -a, -um adj dry; thirsty, shrivelled, unadorned, avaricious
exaresco, exarescere, exarui, vb intr to dry up
aro, arare, aravi, aratum vb tr to plough; to furrow, to cultivate land, to reap
arvum, -i n (n) field; arable land, country, plains
aroma, -atis n (n) spice, sweet odour
ars, artis n (f) art; skill, knowledge, theory
artifex, -icis n (m) Maker; artist, master
artificium, -ii n (n) art; trade, skill, theory system, artifice
artus, -a, -um adj narrow; brief, close, strict, severe, scanty
coarto, coartare, coartavi, coartatum vb tr to narrow; to press together, to abridge, to compel
asper, aspera, asperum adj harsh; rough, uneven, violent
asperitas, -atis n (f) harshness; roughness, unevenness, contrast, difficulty
astrum, -i n (n) star; constellation, height, heavens
astrologia, -ae n (f) astrology; astronomy
astronomia, -ae n (f) astronomy
astutia, -ae n (f) cunning; shrewdness, expertise
at conj but (adds something different but not opposite)
atrium, -ii n (n) atrium, hall; court
auctor, -oris n (m) author, authority, Creator, originator; founder
auctoritas, -atis n (f) authority; opinion, advice, command, model, warrant
authenticus, -a, -um adj authentic
audeo, audere, ausus vb semideponent to dare; to be bold
audacia, -ae n (f) boldness; courage, audacity
audac(i)ter adv boldly; courageously, audaciously
audax, -acis adj bold; courageous, audacious, rash, unusual, violent
audio, audire, audivi, auditum vb tr to hear, to listen
auditor, -oris n (m) listener; catechumen
auris, -is n (f) ear; hearing, the ear of a plough
exaudio, exaudire, exaudivi, exauditum vb tr to hear; to perceive, to listen to, to obey, to understand
inauditus, -a, -um adj unheard of; unusual, strange, without a trial, deaf
inauris, -is n (f) earring; eardrop
inoboediens, -entis adj disobedient
oboedientia, -ae n (f) obedience
oboedio, oboedire, oboedi(v)i, oboeditum vb intr to obey (with dat); to give ear, to listen to, to be subject to
augeo, augere, auxi, auctum vb tr and intr to increase; to augment, to enrich, to grow
augmentum, -i n (n) increase
augustus, -a, -um adj august; venerable, relating to the emperor
auxilior, auxiliari, auxiliatus vb dep to aid
auxilium, -ii n (n) aid 5
aula, -ae n (f) court, hall; palace, princely power
aurum, -i n (n) gold; a thing made of gold
aurora, -ae n (f) dawn; the East
aureus, -a, -um adj golden; gilded, beautiful
deauro, deaurare, deauravi, deauratum vb tr to gild
aut conj or
aut . . . aut conj either . . . or
autem conj postpositive however, moreover (often does not require translation)
aveo, avere vb tr to desire
avaritia, ae n (f) greed; eagerness
avarus, -a, -um adj greedy
aveo, avere vb intr to be or fare well, hail
avis, -is n (f) bird; omen
aucupo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr (also dep form) to go fowling (avis capio); to watch for
avus, -i n (m) grandfather; ancestor, old man
avunculus, -i n (m) maternal uncle (or equivalent in-law)
axis, -is n (m) axis; wheel, chariot, pole, heavens, clime, hinge-pin
barbarus, -a, -um adj barbarous; foreign, uncultivated, wild
bestia, -ae n (f) beast; non-human animal, wild beasts
belua, -ae n (f) monster, whale; elephant, beast, brute
beluinus, -a, -um adj bestial
blandus, -a, -um adj flattering; charming, persuasive
blandimentum, -i n (n) flattery; delight, seasoning, careful culture
blandior, blandiri, blanditus vb tr to flatter; to fawn upon, to delude ones self, to please
blanditia, -ae n (f) flattery; delight
bonus, -a, -um adj good; morally good, noble, elegant, decent
beatus, -a, -um adj blessed; happy, rich, deceased, (superl) higher clergy
bellus, -a, -um adj beautiful; pretty, pleasant, gallant, good
benigne adv kindly; mildly, abundantly
benignitas, -atis n (f) kindness; favour, mercy
beo, beare, beavi, beatum vb tr to bless; to gladden, to make happy
bene adv well, quite; honourably, pleasantly, eloquently, ably
benedictio, -onis n (f) blessing; praising, consecrated object,
benedico, -dicere, -dixi, -dictum vb tr to bless; to speak well of, to praise, to hallow
beneficium, -ii n (n) benefit; benefice, support, favour, promotion, privilege
benevolus, -a, -um adj benevolent; devoted
bona, -orum n (n) goods; possessions, fortunes
bonitas, -atis n (f) goodness; honesty, kindness, tenderness
melior, -ius adj compar better
melius adv compar better
optime adv superl best
optimus, -a, -um adj superl best
brevis, -e adj brief; short, small, shallow
brevi adv shortly; in a few words
breviter adv briefly; in a small area, in a short time
cacumen, -inis n (n) peak; extreme, point, treetop, end, accent-mark
cado, cadere, cecidi, casum vb intr to fall; to come under, to suit, to happen, to die, to end
accidentia, -ae n (f) event
accido, accidere, accidi, vb intr to happen; to fall upon
cadaver, -eris n (n) corpse; carcass, ruins
casus, -us n (m) case, chance, fortune; falling, overthrow, end, error
decido, decidere, decidi, vb intr to die; to fall down, to fail
excido, excidere, excidi, vb intr to be without; to fall out,to escape,to dissent,to die,to fail 6
incido, incidere, incidi, incasum vb intr to fall into; to fall, to meet, to attack, to befall, to occur
occasus, -us n (m) setting; going down, falling down, West, downfall, death
occidens, -entis n (m) West
occidentalis, -e adj Western
procido, procidere, procidi, vb intr to fall prostrate; to fall forward
caecus, -a, -um adj blind; devoid of light, concealed, obscure, doubtful
caedo, caedere, cecidi, caesum vb tr to cut; to strike, to kill, to conquer, to slaughter
caedes, -is n (f) slaughter; lopping off, murder, the slain, gore, beating
decido, decidere, decidi, decisum vb tr to decide; to cut off, to cudgel, to reduce
occido, occidere, occidi, occisum vb tr to kill; to strike down, to smash, to cut down, to torment
trucido, trucidare, trucidavi, trucidatum vb tr to slaughter
caelum, -i n (n/m) heaven, sky, weather
caelestis, -e adj heavenly
calidus, -a, -um adj hot; warm, fiery, rash, quick
calor, -oris n (m) heat; warmth, summer heat, fever, passion, love
recalesco, recalescere, , vb intr to grow warm
callidus, -a, -um adj clever
calliditas, -atis n (f) cleverness
calo, calare, calavi, calatum vb tr to call together
clamo, clamare, clamavi, clamatum vb tr and intr to shout; to proclaim, to declare
clare adv clearly; brightly, plainly, intelligibly, honourably
claritas, -atis n (f) brightness; clearness, renown
clarus, -a, -um adj bright, famous; clear, manifest
classis, -is n (f) fleet; class, rank, army, division
concilio, conciliare, conciliavi, conciliatum vb tr to unite; to recommend, to purchase, to cause
concilium, -ii n (n) council; assembly, union, sexual union
declaro, declarare, declaravi, declaratum vb tr to declare; to make clear, to explain
praeclarus, -a, -um adj very famous; very clear, very beautiful
proclamo, -are, proclamavi, proclamatum vb tr to proclaim; to call out, to clamour in defense
reclamo, -are, reclamavi, reclamatum vb tr and intr to exclaim against; to reclaim, to resound, to call aloud
succlamo, -are, succlamavi, succlamatum vb tr to shout
calumnia, -ae n (f) charge, slander; trickery, pretence, fallacy
calx, calcis n (f) heel; foot, foot of an object
calcar, -aris n (n) spur; incitement
calco, calcare, calcavi, calcatum vb tr to tread upon; oppress, to scorn, to pass over, to press in
camera, -ae n (f) room; vault
campus, -i n (m) field; plain, produce of the field, level surface
campestria, -ium n (n) field; plain, athletic field
cancelli, -orum n (m) grate; lattice, boundaries, space enclosed by boundaries
cancellarius, -i n (m) secretary, chancellor
candeo, candere, candui, vb intr to shine, to glow, to be excited
accendo, accendere, accendi, accensum vb tr to kindle; to illuminate, to enflame, to incite
candela, -ae n (f) candle; wax-light, fire, cord covered in wax
candidus, -a, -um adj white; bright, resplendent, hoary, clean, clear, happy
incandesco, incandescere, incandui, vb intr to grow heated; to glow, to kindle
7
incendiosus, -a, -um adj fiery; burning, hot
incendo, incendere, incendi, incensum vb tr to set on fire;to brighten, to excite, to enhance, to destroy
cano, canere, cecini, cantum vb tr and intr to sing; to sing of, to sound, to resound, to play, to foretell
canticum, -i n (n) song; comedic monody, lampoon, incantation
cantilena, -ae n (f) little song; old song, gossip
canto, cantare, cantavi, cantatum vb tr to sing; to sound, to sing of, to act, to predict, to enchant
cantus, -us n (m) song; singing, playing, music, prophecy, incantation
carmen, -inis n (n) song; poem, prophecy, incantation
capio, capere, cepi, captum vb tr to capture, to grasp, to take
accipio, accipere, accepi, acceptum vb tr to receive, to take, to take up, to understand
capesso, capessere, capessi(v)i, capessitum vb tr to seize; to go to, to undertake, to understand
captio, -onis n (f) capture; deception, sophism, disadvantage
captivitas, -atis n (f) captivity; bondage, capture
captivus, -a, -um adj captive; prisoner
captura, -ae n (f) catching; prey, wages
captus, -us n (m) capture; comprehension, capacity
decipio, decipere, decepi, deceptum vb tr to deceive
excipio, excipere, excepi, exceptum vb tr to receive, to except; to draw out, to come next, to catch
incipio, incipere, incepi, inceptum vb tr and intr to begin; to take in hand, to commence
occupo, occupare, occupavi, occupatum vb tr to occupy; to seize, to fill, to attack, to anticipate
percipio, percipere, percepi, perceptum vb tr to learn, to receive; to seize, to assume, to feel
praeceptor, -oris n (m) teacher; one who take beforehand, commander
praeceptum, -i n (n) command; precept
praecipio, -ere, praecepi, praeceptum vb tr to command, to teach; to take beforehand, to anticipate
praecipue adv especially; principally
praecipuus, -a, -um adj particular; notable, taken before other things, excellent
recipio, recipere, recepi, receptum vb tr to accept, to receive; to recover, to withdraw
susceptibilis, -e adj susceptible
suscipio, suscipere, suscepi, susceptum vb tr to receive, to take up, to bear a child;to begin, to support
caput, -itis n (n) head; origin, summit, life, leader
capitalis, -e adj capital; relating to the head, punishable by death
capitulum, -i n (n) chapter; small head
praeceps, -ipitis adj headlong, steep, hasty, inclined, dangerous
praecipito, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr and intr to throw headlong; to precipitate, to rush down, to fall
carbo, -onis n (m) charcoal, coal
carcer, -eris n (m) jail; criminal, jail-bird, starting line, beginning 8
cardo, -inis n (m) axis; hinge, pole, pivot point, crisis
cardinalis, -is n (m) Cardinal
careo, carere, carui, caritum vb intr to lack (with abl); to miss
incassum adv in vain; to no purpose
caro, carnis n (f) flesh; body, soft part of an object, richness
carnalis, -e adj carnal
carnifex, -icis n (m) butcher; executioner, scoundrel, murderer
cruor, -oris n (m) gore; blood, vital power, murder
crudelis, -e adj cruel
crudelitas, -atis n (f) cruelty
cruento, cruentare, cruentavi, cruentatum vb tr to stain with blood; to pollute, to dye red
incarnatio, -onis n (f) Incarnation
carpo, carpere, carpsi, carptum vb tr to pluck, to graze, to snatch, to enjoy, to take (a road)
excerpo, excerpere, excerpsi, excerptum vb tr to pick out
carus, -a, -um adj dear (with dat); costly
caritas, -atis n (f) love; costliness, Christian charity
catena, -ae n (f) chain; wooden brace, barrier, necklace, series
causa, -ae n (f) cause, reason; occasion, case
causa (in the abl sing) prep (with gen) for the sake of
recuso, recusare, recusavi, recusatum vb tr to refuse; to make an objection against, to refute
caveo, cavere, cavi, cautum vb tr and intr to beware; to guard against, to care for, to make bail
cautio, -onis n (f) safeguarding; obligation, bail
cautus, -a, -um adj cautious
praecaveo, -cavere, -cavi, -cautum vb tr and intr to beware; to guard against beforehand, to prevent
cavus, -a, -um adj
caverna, -ae n (f)
cavernosus, -a, -um adj
-ce enclitic emphatic particle
ecce interj
cedo, cedere, cessi, cessum vb intr
abscedo, abscedere, abscessi, abscessum vb intr
accedo, accedere, accessi, accessum vb intr
antecedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessum vb intr
antecessus, -i n (m)
arcesso, -iri, -ivi, -itum (accerso) vb tr
cesso, cessare, cessavi, cessatum vb tr and intr
concedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessum vb tr and intr
decedo, decedere, decessi, decessum vb intr
discedo, discedere, discessi, discessum vb intr
excedo, excedere, excessi, excessum vb intr
excessus, -us n (m)
inaccessus, -a, -um adj
incedo, incedere, incessi, incessum vb tr and intr
intercessio, -onis n (f)
necessarius, -a, -um adj
necesse adj indec
necessitas, -atis n (f)
necessitudo, -inis n (f)
praecedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessum vb tr and intr
procedo, procedere, processi, processum vb intr
processionaliter adv
processus, -us n (m)
recedo, recedere, recessi, recessum vb intr
retrocedo, -ere, retrocessi, retrocessum vb intr
secedo, secedere, secessi, secessum vb intr
succedo, -ere, successi, successum vb tr and intr
successus, -us n (m)
celeber, celebris, celebre adj
celebro, celebrare, celebravi, celebratum vb tr
celer, celeris, celere adj
accelero, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr and intr
celo, celare, celavi, celatum vb tr
caligo, -inis n (f)
clam adv or prep (with abl or acc)
occulo, occulere, occului, occultum vb tr
occulto, occultare, occultavi, occultatum vb tr
celsus, -a, -um adj
celsitudo, -inis n (f)
collis, -is n (m)
culmen, -inis (columen) n (n)
excellens, -entis adj
excellentia, -ae n (f)
excello, excellere, , excelsum vb tr and intr
excelsa, -orum n (n)
excelsus, -a, -um adj
praecello, praecellere, , vb tr and intr
censeo, censere, censui, census vb tr
census, -us n (m)
hollow
cavern
cavernous
very
Behold!
to go, to yield; to depart, to die, to be changed
to retreat; to depart, to disappear, to retire, to escape
to approach, to go to, to add to; to befall, to resemble
to precede; to go before, to have precedence
ancestor; that which goes before
to summon; to arraign, to bring to mind
to cease; to be idle, to rest, to not be present, to be void
to concede; to go, to depart, to disappear, to die, to yield
to depart; to retire, to resign to yield, to avoid, to fall short
to leave; to separate, to forsake, to go/come away, to die
to exceed; to go forth, to withdraw, to die, to transgress
excess; departure, loss, projecting, digression, deviation
inaccessible
to advance; to go, to triumph over, to happen, to appear
intercession; intervention, interposition, protest on behalf
necessary; unavoidable, related
necessary; unavoidable
necessity; unavoidability, compulsion, fate, relationship
obligation; necessity, relationship, necessary connection
to precede; to surpass, to excel, to lead, to be older
to proceed; to advance, to rise, to appear, to go on
in a procession
going forward; progress, legal judgment, elapsing of time 9
to go back, to withdraw; to retire, to vanish, to die
to retreat; to recede, to go back
to withdraw; to separate, to be distant, to retire, to revolt
to come after, to advance; to go below; to succeed
success; advance, succession, posterity
frequented, famous; containing a multitude, oft-repeated
to celebrate, to honour; to frequent, to repeat, to fill
quick; rash
to hurry; to hasten, to accelerate
to hide
fog; darkness, gloom, dullness, dim-sightedness
secret from; hidden, unknown to
to hide; to cover, to keep secret, to bury
to hide; to conceal
high; lofty, noble, haughty
loftiness; lofty carriage of the body, Highness
hill
peak; summit, crown, pillar, acme
excellent; rising, lofty
excellence
to excel; to raise up, to rise, to exult
heavens
heavenly; lofty
to rise above; to surpass, to preside over, to encompass
to decide, to decree, to think; to estimate, to value
estate; census, wealth
centrum, -i n (n) centre; foot of a compass
centum num indec hundred; indefinite large number
centenarius, -a, -um adj containing one hundred
centeni, -ae, -a adj one-hundred each
cera, -ae n (f) wax; writing tablet, wax figure
cereus, -i n (m) candle; wax light
cerno, cernere, crevi, cretum vb tr to perceive; to separate, to discern, to decide
certamen, -inis n (n) battle; contest, rivalry
certatim adv eagerly
certe adv certainly, at least;
certitudo, -inis n (f) certainty; truth
certo, certare, certavi, certatum vb tr to struggle; to decide by contest, to strive, to contend
certus, -a, -um adj certain, sure; determined, fixed
crimen, -inis n (n) crime; verdict, charge, fault
criminalis, -e adj criminal
decerno, -cernere, -crevi, -cretum vb tr and intr to decree; to decide, to judge
decertatio, -onis n (f) fight; dispute
decretum, -i n (n) decree; precept
discerno, discernere, discrevi, discretum vb tr to discern; to separate, to determine, to except
discretio, -onis n (f) distinction; separation, discernment
discretus, -a, -um adj discreet, distinguished
discrimen, -inis n (n) crisis, danger; separation, distinction, decisive point
incertus, -a, -um adj uncertain; dubious, untrustworthy, hesitating
indiscretus, -a, -um adj indiscreet; unseparated, undistinguishable
secreto adv secretly; in private
secretum, -i n (n) secret; solitude, retreat, secrecy
ceterus, -a, -um adj the rest (of)
10
decetero adv henceforth
chorus, -i n (m) chorus; dance, heavenly body in motion, crowd
cieo, ciere, civi, citum vb tr to put in motion, to excite, to call upon, to effect
cito adv quickly; easily, soon
citus, -a, -um adj quick; put in motion
excito, excitare, excitavi, excitatum vb tr to excite, to wake; to call out, to erect, to cite, to found
recito, recitare, recitavi, recitatum vb tr to recite; to read out, to repeat from memory
suscito, suscitare, suscitavi, suscitatum vb tr to raise; to kindle, to revive, to build, to incite
cimitherium, -ii n (n) cemetery
cingo, cingere, cinxi, cinctum vb tr to encircle, to gird
accingo, accingere, accinxi, accinctum vb tr to gird; to arm, to provide, to prepare ones self
praecingo, -ere, praecinxi, praecinctum vb tr to gird; to surround
cinis, -eris n (m) ashes
circa (circum) adv and prep (with acc) around, concerning
circulus, -i n (m) circle; orbit, ring, necklace, company
circumquaque adv on every side
idcirco adv therefore
civis, -is n (m) citizen
civilis, -e adj civil; civic, courteous, urbane
civilitas, -atis n (f) civility; politics, courteousness
civitas, -atis n (f) city; citizenship, state
clades, -is destruction, disaster, massacre, pest, corruption
percello, percellere, perculi, perculsum vb tr to strike; to upset, to destroy, to discourage, to excite
claudo, claudere, clausi, clausum vb tr to shut, to end; to close, to block, to imprison, to hide
claustrum, -i n (n) cloister; that which is shut, bar, barrier, dam, fortress
claviger, -eris n (m) key-bearer; Peter
clavis, -is n (f) key
concludo, concludere, conclusi, conclusum vb tr to shut; to enclose, to confine, to include, to conclude
excludo, excludere, exclusi, exclusum vb tr to exclude; to shut out, to drive out, to remove, to hinder
includo, includere, inclusi, inclusum vb tr to include
clemens, -entis adj clement; calm, placid, smooth, tranquil, tame, mild
clementia, -ae n (f) clemency; calmness, mildness, mercy, kindness
clima, -atis n (n) clime; region
colo, colere, colui, cultum vb tr to cultivate; to inhabit, to worship, to maintain
accola, -ae n (f) inhabitant; neighbour
cultor, -oris n (m) worshipper; cultivator, inhabitant, supporter
cultus, -us n (m) worship; observance, cultivation, culture, style, dress
incolatus, -us n (m) inhabiting
incolo, incolere, incolui, vb tr and intr to inhabit; to cultivate
recolo, recolere, recolui, recolitum vb tr to cultivate again; to renew, to bring to mind (with gen)
colum, -i n (n) filter
percolo, percolare, percolavi, percolatum vb tr to filter; to percolate, to cause to pass through
congruus, -a, -um adj suitable
congruenter adv agreeably
conor, conari, conatus vb dep to try
conatus, -us n (m) effort; tendency, attempt
consilium, -ii n (n) plan, counsel, intelligence
consiliarius, -ii n (m) counselor
consulo, -ere, -ui, -tum vb tr and intr to advise, to pay attention to; to consider, to consult
consolor, consolari, consolatus vb dep to console; to mitigate 11
consolatio, -onis n (f) consolation; encouragement
contemno, contemnere, contempsi, contemptum vb tr to slight; to defy
contemptio, -onis n (f) disregard; scorn
contra adv and prep (with acc) against, opposite, towards; facing
contrarietas, -atis n (f) contrariety; misfortune, opposition
contrarius, -a, -um adj contrary; opposite
econtra adv the contrary, on the contrary
cor, cordis n (n) heart
concordia, -ae n (f) agreement; an intimate friend
concordo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr and intr to concord; to agree together, to bring into union
discordia, -ae n (f) discord; subject of strife
discordo, -are, -avi, -atum vb intr to differ; to quarrel, to disagree, to be inconsistent with
recordor, recordari, recordatus vb dep to remember; to ponder
corona, -ae n (f) crown; wreath, assembly, circle
corono, coronare, coronavi, coronatum vb tr to crown; to surround
corpus, -oris n (n) body; corpse, flesh, trunk, person, corporation
corporalis, -e adj bodily
corporeus, -a, -um adj bodily; fleshy
corpulentus, -a, -um adj fat; great, physical
corpusculum, -i n (n) little body; collection
cras adv tomorrow; tomorrow morning, the future
crastinum, -i tomorrow, the morrow
crassus, -a, -um adj thick; fat, stupid
grossus, -a, -um adj large; thick, rough
creber, crebra, crebrum adj frequent; crowded, thick
crebro adv often; repeatedly
credo, credere, credidi, creditum vb tr and intr to believe (with dat); to entrust, to trust in, to suppose
cremo, cremare, cremavi, crematum vb tr to burn
concremo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to burn (to ashes)
creo, creare, creavi, creatum vb tr to create; to elect, to produce
creatio, -onis n (f) creation; election
creator, -oris n (m) Creator; author, founder, elector
creatura, -ae n (f) creature; creation
procreo, procreare, procreavi, procreatum vb tr to beget; to produce
procreatrix, -icis n (f) creator; mother
crepo, crepere, crepui, crepitum vb tr and intr to rattle, to fart, to break with a crash, to prattle
increpo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr and intr to rebuke; to make a noise, to utter, to cause to sound
cresco, crescere, crevi, cretum vb intr to grow; to increase, to rise, to become great
accresco, accrescere, accrevi, accretum vb intr to swell; to increase, to be added to
concresco, -crescere, -crevi, -cretum vb intr to take form; to harden, to congeal, to grow strong
excresco, excrescere, excrevi, excretum vb intr to grow out; to swell, to excrete, to increase
incrementum, -i n (n) growth; that which promotes growth, increment
succresco, succrescere, , vb intr to grow; to grow under or from under, to grow up
crusta, -ae n (f) rind, bark, crust, shell, stucco, embossing
incrusto, incrustare, incrustavi, incrustatum vb tr to cover; to encrust
crux, crucis n (f) Cross; wooden instrument for execution, tormentor
crucifixus, -i n (m) Crucifix
crucio, cruciare, cruciavi, cruciatum vb tr to torture; to crucify; to grieve
cubo, cubere, cubui, cubitum vb intr to lie down, to recline, to sleep, to be sick, to slop
decumbo, decumbere, decubui, vb intr incumbo, to lie down; to fall
incumbere, incubui, incubitum vb intr to lean; to recline against, to burden, to pay attention
occumbo, -ere, occumbui, occumbitum vb intr to die; to fall down, to lie at table
recumbo, recumbere, recubui, vb intr to recline; to lie down, to sink down
succumbo, -ere, succubui, succubitum vb intr to succumb; to lie down, under, or with, to surrender
12
culpa, -ae n (f) fault; crime, neglect, mischief
cum (quum, quom) conj subjunctive after, since, when, although indicative when
cum . . . tum conj both . . . and, as . . . so, not only . . . but also
quondam adv once, previously; sometimes, one day
quoniam conj since; (like quod) that
cum prep (with abl) also enclitic with, (introducing abl of manner) -ly
cunctor, cunctari, cunctatus vb dep to hesitate; to delay, to doubt, to go slowly
percunctor, percunctari, percunctatus vb dep to ask; to investigate
cunctus, -a, -um adj all, every; whole, entire
cunio, cunire, , to defecate
inquino, inquinare, inquinavi, inquinatum vb tr to pollute; to corrupt
cupio, cupire, cupivi, cupitum vb tr to desire; to favour
cupiditas, -atis n (f) desire; passion, avarice, ambition
cupido, -inis n (m) desire, Cupid; lust, love
cupidus, -a, -um adj desirous; greedy, pining, covetous, partial
cura, -ae n (f) care, concern; administration, writing, anxiety, love
curatio, -onis n (f) curing; management, guardianship
curiositas, -atis n (f) curiosity
curiosus, -a, -um adj curious; devoted, careful, meddlesome
curo, curare, curavi, curatum vb tr to care for, to trouble ones self, to cure; to manage
procuratio, -onis n (f) caring for; superintendence, procuration, effort, expiation
procurator, -oris n (m) procurator; manager, superintendent, steward, collector
procuratorius, -a, -um adj procuratorial
secure adv freely; carelessly
securitas, -atis n (f) security; freedom from care, carelessness, safety
securus, -a, -um adj safe; free from care, serene, careless
curro, currere, cucurri, cursum vb intr to run
concurro, -currere, -(cu)curri, -cursum vb intr to coincide; to assemble, to meet, to fight, to accord
currus, -us n (m) chariot
cursus, -us n (m) bow, course; journey, running
decurro,-currere, -(cu)curri, -cursum vb tr and intr to descend, to run down/through; to skirmish, to discuss
discurro, discurrere, dis(cu)curri, discursum vb intr to run, to run down, to wander; to run about, to discourse
discursus, -us n (m) course, discourse; running about, pace
incurro, incurrere, in(cu)curri, incursum vb intr to incur, to run into; to attack, to offend, to befall
occurro, occurrere, occurri, occursum vb intr to meet (with dat), to run to meet; to oppose, to occur
percurro, -ere, per(cu)curri, percursum vb tr & intr to run through; to scan, to run along, to touch upon
praecurro, -ere, -(cu)curri, -cursum vb tr and intr to run ahead; to precede, to excel, to anticipate
recurro, recurrere, re(cu)curri, recursum vb intr to run back; to revert, to have recourse to
succurro, -ere, suc(cu)curri, succursum vb intr to help; to run under, to run up to, to occur to
custos, -odis n (m) guard; voting officer, watch, jailer
custodia, -ae n (f) protection; sentinel, guardhouse, prison
custodio, custodire, custodivi, custoditum vb tr to guard; to defend, to maintain
damno, damnare, damnavi, damnatum vb tr to condemn, to damn; to damage, to bind an heir
damnatio, -onis n (f) damnation; condemnation
indemnis, -e adj unharmed
de prep (with abl) about, concerning, by, down, from, of
debilis, -e adj weak
debilitas, -atis n (f) weakness
deinceps adv then; next, successively, and so forth
deinde (dein) adv then; from there, next, hereafter, at length
demum adv superl finally; precisely, just, indeed, only, not till then
denique adv finally; and then, precisely, in short, therefore
deterior, -ius adj worse
exinde (exin) adv from there; next, then, thence, hence 13
inde adv from there; thenceforward, thereupon
proinde adv therefore; just so, in like manner
decem adj indec num ten
decie(n)s adv num ten times
decimus, -a, -um adj num tenth; tenth part, tithe
denarius, -a, -um adj num containing ten
denarius, -ii (d.) n (m) silver coin (Eng: pence; Fr: denier; It: denari; Sp: dinero)
decet, decere, decuit, vb impers to be fitting
decenter adv properly
decens, -entis adj appropriate; well-formed
decoro, decorare, decoravi, decoratum vb tr to honour; to decorate
decorus, -a, -um adj beautiful; fitting
decus, -oris n (n) glory; ornament, deed of honour, virtue
dignitas, -atis n (f) dignity; worth, office
dignor, dignari, dignatus vb tr to deign; to deem worthy
dignus, -a, -um adj worth, worthy
indecenter adv unbecomingly; disgracefully
indecorus, -a, um adj indecorous; shameful
indignans, -antis adj indignant
indignatio, -onis n (f) indignation; disdain, provocation, wound
indignus, -a, -um adj unworthy; undeserving, unbecoming, cruel
declino, declinare, declinavi, declinatum vb tr and intr to decline; to bend from, to lower, to turn away, to avoid
inclinatio, -onis n (f) inclination; leaning, tendency, bias, alteration, derivation
inclino, inclinare, inclinavi, inclinatum vb tr and to bend; to fall back, to yield, to change, to favour
intr couch; back of a couch, seat of a chariot
reclinatorium, -ii n (n) table-couch; dining room, bed
triclinium, -ii n (n)
defendo, defendere, defendi, defensum vb tr to defend; to fend off, to protect, to speak in defense
defensio, -onis n (f) defense; defense speech
offendo, -ere, offendi, offensum vb tr and intr to offend; to hit against, to find, to suffer damage, to fail
deleo, delere, delevi, deletum vb tr to destroy, to abolish; to end
dens, dentis n (m) tooth; tine, prong, envy
bidens, -entis n (f) animal (for sacrifice, with two rows of teeth)
dentosus, -a, -um adj toothy
dexter, dext(e)ra, dext(e)rum adj right; dexterous, fortunate
dext(e)ra, -ae n (f) right hand; the right side, friendship
dextrorsum adv to the right
diadema, -atis n (n) diadem
dico, dicere, dixi, dictum vb tr to call, to name, to say, to speak
contradictor, -oris n (m) opponent
dicio, -onis (ditio) n (f) dominion; sovereignty, rule, power
dico, dicare, dicavi, dicatum vb tr to dedicate; to proclaim, to deify, to appropriate to
dicto, dictare, dictavi, dictandi vb tr to dictate; to declare often, to compose, to prescribe
dictum, -i n (n) word; saying, prophecy, order, promise
dictus, -a, -um adj said, aforesaid
edictum, -i n (n) edict; proclamation, order, command
index, -icis n (n) sign; index-finger, proof, informer, spy, title, catalogue
indicium, -ii n (n) indication; notice, information, charge, proof 14
indico, indicare, indicavi, indicatum vb tr to point out; to declare, to show, to hint, to price
praeco, -onis n (m) herald; crier, summoner, publisher
praedicatio, -onis n (f) preaching; proclaiming, proclamation, praising, prediction
praedicator, -oris n (m) preacher, Dominican (Friars Preachers); proclaimer
praedico, praedicere, praedixi, praedictum vb tr to preach, to foretell, to warn; to proclaim, to praise
praedictus, -a, -um adj aforesaid
supradico, -ere, supradixi, supradictum vb tr to say above
supradictus, -a, -um adj said above
dies, -ei n (m/f) day
cot(t)idie adv every day, daily
diu adv for a long time; by day (rare)
diurnus, -a, -um adj daily; of day
diuturnus, -a, -um adj chronic; long-lasting
hodie adv today; nowadays, immediately
meridies, meridiei n (f) noon; mid-day, South
disco, discere, didici, discitum vb tr to learn
disciplina, -ae n (f) learning, teaching; knowledge, discipline, habit
discipulus, -i n (m) disciple, student; scholar, apprentice
distinguo, distinguere, distinxi, distinctum vb tr to distinguish; to separate, to punctuate, to decorate
distinctio, -onis n (f) distinction; difference, separation, ornament
instigatio, -onis n (f) instigation
dives, -itis adj rich; sumptuous, plentiful
dis, dite adj (contracted form) rich; sumptuous plentiful
dito, ditare, ditavi, ditatum vb tr to enrich
divitiae, -arum n (f) riches; wealth, copiousness
divido, dividere, divisi, divisum vb tr to divide; to separate, to distinguish, to decorate
do, dare, dedi, datum vb tr to give; to grant, to allow, to put, to cause, to tell, to assign
addo, addere, addidi, additum vb tr to add; to put to, to bring to
additamentum, -i n (n) addition
circumdo, -dare, -dedi, -datum vb tr to surround; to put around, to enclose
condio, condire, condivi, conditum vb tr to season; to pickle, to embalm, to ornament, to temper
condicio, -onis n (f) condition
conditor, -oris n (m) Maker; author, founder, compiler
condo, condere, condidi, conditum vb tr to bury, to establish; to form, to hide, to preserve, to store
deditio, -onis n (f) surrender
deditus, -a, -um adj devoted
dedo, dedere, dedidi, deditum vb tr to dedicate, to surrender
dono, donare, donavi, donatum vb tr to give; to sacrifice, to pardon, to present
donum, -i n (n) gift; sacrifice, funeral rite
dos, dotis n (f) dower; dowry, endowment, talent, quality
editio, -onis n (f) edition; bringing forth, birth, statement, declaration
edo, edere, edidi, editum vb tr to publish; to bring forth, to beget, to tell, to proclaim
indo, indere, indedi, indatum vb tr to put on; to introduce, to give to, to name after
mandatum, -i n (n) command; commission, contract
mando, mandare, mandavi, mandatum vb tr to command; to commit, to enjoin, to send word
perdo, perdere, perdidi, perditum vb tr to destroy, to lose; to squander
praeditus, -a, -um adj gifted; presiding over
proditor, -oris n (m) traitor; betrayer
prodo, prodere, prodidi, proditum vb tr to betray; to reveal, to publish, to prolong, to defer
recondo, recondere, recondidi, reconditum vb tr to store away; to conceal
reddo, reddere, reddidi, redditum vb tr to render, to return; to hand over, to yield, to surrender
retrado, retradere, , vb tr to hand back; to deliver up again, to restore
subdo, subdere, subdidi, subditum vb tr to place under; to subdue, to substitute
traditio, -onis n (f) betrayal; surrender, teaching, tradition 15
trado, tradere, tradidi, traditum vb tr to hand over or down, to relate; to surrender, to betray
doceo, docere, docui, doctum vb tr to teach (with double acc); to produce on stage
doctor, -oris n (m) teacher, Doctor (of the Church)
doctrina, -ae n (f) doctrine; teaching, erudition, learning, principle
doctus, -a, -um adj learned; shrewd
documentum, -i n (n) document; lesson, example, warning, proof
dogma, -atis n (n) teaching; philosophical tenet, doctrine, decree
indoctus, -a, -um adj unlearned; untaught, ignorant
doleo, dolere, dolui, dolitum vb tr and intr to grieve; to feel pain, to pain
dolor, -oris n (m) pain; distress, resentment, terror, grief, pathos
dolus, -i n (m) trick; guile, deceit, deception
sedulitas, -atis n (f) assiduity; sedulity
sedulo adv laboriously; without guile, assiduously
subdolus, -a, -um adj sly; deceitful
domus, -us or -i n (f) house, home
domesticus, -a, -um adj domestic; private, personal
domesticus, -i n (m) servant; member of a household
domina, -ae n (f) lady, wife, mistress; wife, sweetheart
dominatio, -onis n (f) lordship; rule, dominion, tyranny, rulers, angels
dominatrix, -icis n (f) mistress; female ruler
dominatus, -us n (m) dominion; rule, command, tyranny
dominicus, -a, um adj Lords; imperial
dominium, -ii n (n) dominion; ownership banquet
domino, dominare, dominavi, dominatum vb tr to rule
dominor, dominari, dominatus vb intr to master of (with gen); to rule
dom(i)nus, -i n (m) lord, the Lord, master; owner, possessor, host
edomo, edomare, edomavi, edomatum vb tr to master; to tame, to conquer
dormio, dormire, dormi(v)i, dormitum vb intr to sleep; to rest, to be careless
condormio, -ire, -ivi, -itum vb intr to sleep soundly; to fall asleep
obdormio, -ire, -ivi, -itum vb tr and intr to fall asleep; to sleep to death, to sleep off a hangover
dulcis, -e adj sweet, fresh; pleasant, charming, dear
dulcedo, -inis n (f) sweetness; pleasantness, charm
dum conj when, while, until
donec conj as long as, until
dumtaxat adv only, as long as; at least, provided that
interdum adv sometimes; for some time, meanwhile
nondum adv not yet
duco, ducere, duxi, ductum vb tr to lead, to marry; to conduct, to produce, to reckon
adduco, adducere, adduxi, adductum vb tr to lead (to); to lead to, to induce
circumduco, -ducere, -duxi, -ductum vb tr to lead around; to to cheat, to prolong, to drawl out
conduco, -ducere, -duxi, -ductum vb tr and intr to conduct; to gather
16
conductus, -us n (m) hiring; contraction
deduco, deducere, deduxi, deductum vb tr to deduce, to lead away/down; to compose, to derive
ducatus, -us n (m) leadership; guidance, authority
ductus, -us n (m) guidance; leading, command, structure
dux, ducis n (m) duke, ealdorman, general, leader; guide
educo, educere, eduxi, eductum vb tr to lead out, to raise; to summon to court, to rear
induco, inducere, induxi, inductum vb tr to lead in; to exhibit, to put on, to introduce, to deceive
introduco, -ere, introduxi, introductum vb tr to bring in; to introduce, to institute
perduco, perducere, perduxi, perductum vb tr to lead, to import; to drink, to prolong, to persuade
produco, producere, produxi, productum vb tr to lead forth; to lengthen, to beget, to educate
reduco, reducere, reduxi, reductum vb tr to lead back; to restore, to reduce
seduco, seducere, seduxi, seductum vb tr to seduce; to lead away, to separate, to divide
superinduco, -ducere, -duxi, -ductum vb tr to lead upon; to cover over, to mention afterwards
duo, duae, duo adj num two
bini, -ae, -a adj two at time; pair
bis adv twice
dubito, dubitare, dubitavi, dubitatum vb tr and intr (with indirect question) to doubt, (with inf) to hesitate
dubius, -a, -um adj doubtful; moving in two directions, uncertain, various
ducentesimus, -a, -um adj two-hundredth
ducenti, -ae, -um adj num two-hundred
duodecim num indec twelve
duodeni, -ae, -a adj twelve each
duplex, -icis adj two-fold; cloven, both, thick, twice, ambiguous, two-faced
duplicatio, -onis n (f) duplication; doubling, reflection, repetition
dupliciter adv in two ways; doubly
duplico, duplicare, duplicavi, duplicatum vb tr to double; to enlarge, to bend in half, to split
duplus, -a, -um adj double; twice as much, twice as large
durus, -a, -um adj hard; rough, rude, hardy, harsh, severe, burdensome
duro, durare, duravi, duratum vb tr and intr to harden, to endure; to hold out, to blunt, to callous
induro, indurare, induravi, induratum vb tr and intr to make hard; to steel, to become hard
e(x) prep (with abl) from, out of, of, after
exterior, -ius adj compar exterior; outward, outer
extra adv and prep (with acc) outside; without, beyond, except
extremum, -i n (n) limit; end
extrinsecus adv from outside; on the outside, irrelevantly, moreover
egeo, egere, egui, vb intr to need (with gen or abl), to be destitute, to do without
indigentia, -ae n (f) need; insatiableness
indigeo, indigere, indigui, vb intr to need (with gen or abl)
ego, mei pron pers (1st pers sing) I, me
meus, -a, -um poss adj (1st pers sing) my
elementum, -i n (n) element; first principle, alphabet, rudiment
emo, emere, emi, emptum vb tr to buy
adimo, adimere, ademi, ademptum vb tr to take away; to carry off
demo, demere, dempsi, demptum vb tr to take away; to remove
emporium, -ii n (n) emporium; market
exemplar, -aris n (n) exemplar; copy, likeness, pattern, original
exemplum, -i n (n) example; sample, imitation, copy, parallel, original, kind
eximius, -a, -um adj outstanding; exempt
interimo, interimere, interimi, interemptum vb tr to kill; to take away, to abolish
perimo, perimere, peremi, peremptum vb tr to kill; to take away, to destroy, to hinder
praemium, -ii n (n) reward; booty, profit, punishment, bribe
promptus, -us n (m) readiness; making public, ease
redemptio, -onis n (f) redemption; buying back, ransoming, bribing
redimo, redimere, redemi, redemptum vb tr to redeem; to rescue, to buy back, to buy up, to gain
17
eo, ire, i(v)i, itum vb intr to go
abeo, abire, abi(v)i, abitum vb intr to go away; to die, to elapse, to retire, to end
adeo, adire, adi(v)i, aditum vb tr and intr to go towards, to approach; to attack, to undertake
aditus, -us n (m) entrance, opportunity; possibility
anteeo, -ire, -i(v)i, -itum vb tr and intr to excel; to go before, to precede
circuitus, -us n (m) circuit; circling, circumlocution, period(ic sentence)
circu(m)eo,-cuire,-cu(m)i(v)i,-cuitum vb tr and intr to go around; to surround, to canvass
coeo, coire, coi(v)i, coitum vb tr and intr to have sex; to assemble, to encounter, to combine
comes, -itis n (m) Count, companion; tutor, attendant, courtier
comitatus, -us n (m) comune (Italy), company; retinue
comito, comitare, comitavi, comitatum vb tr to accompany
comitor, comitari, comitatus vb dep to accompany; to attend
depereo, deperire, deperi(v)i, deperitum vb intr to die; to go to ruin; to be desperately in love with
exeo, exire, exi(v)i, exitum vb intr to exit; to go out, to die, to beyond, to avoid
exitus, -us n (m) death, outlet; departure, end, solution, result
ineo, inire, ini(v)i, initum vb intr to enter, to form a plan; to begin
initium, -ii n (n) beginning; elements, auspices, sacred mysteries
intereo, interire, interi(v)i, interitum vb intr to die; to go among, to become lost among, to be ruined
interitus, -us n (m) death; destruction, ruin
introeo, introire, introi(v)i, introitum vb intr to enter
iter, -ineris n (n) journey, path; walk, land route, passage, method
nequeo, nequire, nequi(v)i, nequitum vb intr to not be able
obeo, obire, obi(v)i, obitum vb tr and intr to die; to go to, to go against, to fall, to traverse, to meet
obitus, -us n (m) death; approach, visit, setting, downfall
pereo, perire, peri(v)i, peritum vb intr to die; to vanish, to pine away, to be lost
praeeo, praeire, praei(v)i, praeitum vb tr and intr to go ahead of; to precede, to dictate to recite, to lead
queo, quire, qui(v)i, quitum vb intr to be able
redeo, redire, redi(v)i, reditum vb intr to return; to turn back 18
reditus, -us n (m) return; returning, revenue
subeo, subire, subi(v)i, subitum vb intr to undergo, to go under; to approach, to come upon
subito adv suddenly
transeo, transire, transi(v)i, transitum vb intr to cross, to pass; to go over, to pierce, to excel, to die
transitivus, -a, -um adj transitive; passing over
transitus, -us n (m) passing- by; passing over, passage, change, transition
equus, -i n (m) horse
eques, -itis n (m) horseman; rider, knight, the equestrian order
equito, equitare, equitavi, equitatum vb tr and intr to ride a horse; to manoeuvre, to go, to ride through
erro, errare, erravi, erratum vb tr and intr to wander; to go astray, to err
error, -oris n (m) error; wandering, uncertainty, going astray
et conj and
et adv also, even
et . . . et conj both . . . and
etcetera idiom etc.
etiam adv also, even
expergefacio, -ere, expergefeci, expergefactum vb tr to awaken; to excite
faber, fabri n (m) smith; carpenter, stoneworker, maker
fabrica, -ae n (f) artistry; workshop of an artisan, art, skilful production
fabricator, -oris n (m) fabricator; forger, framer, contriver, causer
fabrico, -are, fabricavi, fabricatum vb tr (also dep) to fashion; to make of wood stone etc., to build
facies, -iei n (f) face; form, appearance, pretence, sight
superficies, -iei n (f) surface; upper side, building
facio, facere, feci, factum vb tr to make, to do, to order that
affecto, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to desire; to strive after, to aim at, to feign
affectus, -us n (m) love; mood, ignoble passion, will
afficio, afficere, affeci, affectum vb tr to affect, to afflict
conficio, conficere, confeci, confectum vb tr to complete; to prepare, to effect, to deduce, to kill
defectus, -us n (m) lack, defect; revolt, failure
deficio, deficere, defeci, defectum vb tr and intr to be lacking, to die, to fail, to end; to leave, to forsake
difficile adv with difficulty
difficilis, -e adj difficult; surly
effectus, -us n (m) effect; accomplishment, purpose
efficio, efficere, effeci, effectum vb tr to make; to effect, to accomplish, to produce, prove
facile adv easily; certainly, willingly, pleasantly
facilis, -e adj easy; ready, willing, favorable
faciliter adv easily
facinus, -oris n (n) crime; deed, instrument of wickedness
factum, -i n (n) deed, fact
facultas, -atis n (f) resources; capability, ability
fio, fieri, factus vb semi-dep intr to become, to happen
imperfecte adv imperfectly
imperfectus, -a, -um adj imperfect
indeficiens, -entis adj unfailing
inficio, inficere, infeci, infectum vb tr to infect; to dip into, to dye, to taint
interficio, interficere, interfeci, interfectum vb tr to kill; to put between, to consume, to destroy, to murder
officium, -ii n (n) office, duty; favour, service, ceremony
perfecte adv perfectly; fully
perfectio, -onis n (f) perfection; finishing
perfectus, -a, -um adj perfect; complete, finished
perficio, perficere, perfeci, perfectum vb tr to accomplish; to finish, to perfect, to effect 19
praefectus, -i n (m) prefect; overseer, commander, president, governor
praeficio, praeficere, praefeci, praefectum vb tr to place in charge of (with dat); to set over
profecto adv certainly; actually, indeed, truly, by all means
profectus, -us n (m) progress; increase, success
proficio, -ere, profeci, profectum vb tr and intr to accomplish, to prosper, to make progress
proficiscor, proficisci, profectus vb dep to set out; to go, to begin, to originate
refectorium, -ii n (n) refectory
reficio, reficere, refeci, refectum vb tr to restore; to make again, to refresh (with food and drink)
sufficio, sufficere, suffeci, suffectum vb intr to suffice; to put under, to dye, to supply, to substitute
fallo, fallere, fefelli, falsum vb tr to deceive; to swear falsely, to be unknown to
fallax, -acis adj deceitful
falsitas, -atis n (f) falsehood
falsus, -a, -um adj false; counterfeit
fames, -is n (f) famine; hunger, poverty, greed
famelicus, -a, -um adj starving
familia, -ae n (f) household; family, estate, sect, school, troop
familiaris, -e adj familiar; household, customary, appropriate
familiaritas, -atis n (f) familiarity; friendship
familiariter adv in a friendly manner, commonly; by families, suitably
famula, -ae n (f) servant
famulatus, -us n (m) service; servitude, slavery
famulor, famulari, famulatus vb dep to be a servant; to serve, to attend
famulus, -a, -um adj serving; servile
farcio, farcire, farsi, fartum to stuff, to fatten, to cram
confestim adv immediately
refercio, refercire, refersi, refertum vb tr to stuff
fatigo, fatigare, fatigavi, fatigatum vb tr to fatigue; to vex
fessus, -a, -um adj tired; weak
infatigabilis, -e adj tireless; indefatigable
fatuus, -a, -um adj foolish; tasteless, awkward
faveo, favere, favi, fautum vb intr to favour (with dat); to applaud
fax, facis n (f) torch
fel, fellis n (n) poison; yellow bile, bitterness
felix, -icis adj happy; fertile, fruitful, favorable, lucky,
effemino, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to effeminate; to make feminine, to disgrace
felicitas, -atis n (f) happiness; fertility, luckiness
feliciter adv happily; abundantly, auspiciously
femina, -ae n (f) woman; female
fertilis, -e adj fertile
fertilitas, -atis n (f) fertility; abundance
filia, -ae n (f) daughter
filialis, -e adj filial
filius, -ii n (m) son; descendent, (pl) children
infelix, -icis adj unfortunate; not fertile, miserable, calamitous
fenestra, -ae n (f) window; hole, entrance, opportunity
ferio, ferire, , vb tr to strike, to hit, to kill, to make a treaty, to stamp a coin
foro, forare, foravi, foratum vb tr to pierce
foramen, -inis n (n) hole
ferus, -a, -um adj wild, untamed, disagreeable, uncultivated, rude
fera, -ae n (f) wild animal
ferina, -ae n (f) wild animal; game
ferox, -ocis adj fierce
fero, ferre, tuli, latum vb tr to bear, to say, to speak; to carry, to suffer, to report 20
affero, afferre, attuli, allatum vb tr to bear; to bring, to report, to cause, to allege, to help
antefero, anteferre, antetuli, antelatum vb tr to place before; to prefer, to anticipate
aufero, auferre, abstuli, ablatum vb tr to carry away, to steal; to remove, to kill, to cease
circumferentia, -ae n (f) circumference
confero, conferre, contuli, collatum vb tr to bring, to bestow; to collect, to join, to compare
defero, deferre, detuli, delatum vb tr to deliver, to bring (down); to drive away, to indict
differo, -ferre, distuli, dilatum vb tr intr and impers to differ, to put off; to disperse, to publish
dilatio, -onis n (f) delay; interval
effero, efferre, extuli, elatum vb tr to exalt; bring out, to produce, to publish, to lift, to rise
ferculum, -i n (n) dish; that on which anything is carried, course of food
infero, inferre, intuli, illatum vb tr to bring; to bury, to attack, to cause, to infer
offero, offerre, obtuli, oblatum vb tr to offer; to bring before, to adduce, to consecrate
opprobrium, -i n (n) shame; scandal, taunt, reproach
perfero, perferre, pertuli, perlatum vb tr to carry along; to convey, to endure, to accomplish
praefero, praeferre, praetuli, praelatum vb tr to carry before; to put in charge of, to present, to prefer
praelatus, -i n (m) prelate (clerical rank)
profero, proferre, protuli, prolatum vb tr to produce, to proffer; to grow, to defer, to utter, to cite
refero, -ferre, retuli, relatum vb tr, intr and impers to bring back, to give, to refer to, to relate, to say
relator, -oris n (m) reporter; proposer, narrator
suffero, sufferre, sustuli, sublatum vb tr to suffer; to carry under, to offer, to bear, to sustain
transfero, transferre, transtuli, translatum vb tr to transfer; to carry across, to transcribe, to translate
translatio, -onis n (f) translation; transporting, transferring, metaphor
translator, -oris n (m) translator; transferor
ferveo, fervere, ferbui, vb intr to boil; to foam, to rage, to swarm, to burn
febris, -is n (f) fever
fervens, -entis adj hot; glowing, impetuous
fervidus, -a, -um adj hot; fiery, eager
fervor, -oris n (m) heat; passion
festino, festinare, festinavi, festinatum vb tr and intr to hasten; to hurry, to accelerate
festinus, -a, -um adj quick
festum, -i n (n) feast day; holiday, feast
feria, -ae n (f) week-day (e.g. VI feria is Friday), days of rest, rest
festivitas, -atis n (f) feast; mirth, kindness, humour
f(o)etor, -oris n (m) smell; stench, foulness
f(o)etidus, -a, -um adj foul-smelling; disgusting
fides, -ei n (f) faith; trust, belief, credit, credibility, promise, guaranty
confido, confidere, confisi, confisum vb intr to trust (with dat); to confide in
fidelis, -e adj faithful; depended upon
fidelitas, -atis n (f) faithfulness
fideliter adv faithfully; strongly, firmly
fiducia, -ae n (f) trust; confidence, deposit
infidelis, -e adj infidel; unreliable, faithless
perfidia, -ae n (f) perfidy; dishonesty
figo, figere, fixi, fixum vb tr to fix; to attach, to pierce
fingo, fingere, finxi, fictum vb tr to fashion, to pretend; to touch, to make, to form
effigies, -iei n (f) likeness; portrait, imitation, image, statue
fictio, -onis n (f) feigning; fashioning, fiction
figura, -ae n (f) figure; shape, drawing, form, quality
praefiguro, -are, praefiguravi, praefiguratum vb tr to prefigure
finis, -is n (m) end; boundary, limit, border, measure 21
affinis, -e (adfinis) adj related (by marriage); neighboring
confine, -is n (n) boundary
confinitas, -atis n (f) boundaries
diffinio, diffinire, diffinivi, diffinitum vb tr to decide; to define, to restrict, to ordain, to assign
finio, finire, finivi, finitum vb tr to finish; to limit, to enclose, to restrain, to die
infinitus, -a, -um adj infinite; boundless, unlimited, innumerable, indefinite
firmus, -a, -um adj firm; steadfast, strong, constant, faithful
affirmo, affirmare, affirmavi, affirmatum vb tr to affirm; to confirm
confirmo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to confirm; to assert
fere or ferme adv almost; approximately, closely, soon
firmamentum, -i n (n) foundation; strengthening, prop, firmament, main point
firmiter or firme adv firmly
firmo, firmare, firmavi, firmatum vb tr to make firm; to fortify, to encourage, to prove, to assert
infirmitas, -atis n (f) sickness; weakness, women, fickleness
infirmor, infirmari, infirmatus vb dep to be ill
infirmus, -a, -um adj sick, weak; superstitious, inconstant, trivial
flagellum, -i n (n) whip
affligo, affligere, afflixi, afflictum vb tr to afflict; to strike, to throw down, to ruin, to reduce
conflictus, -us n (m) conflict; striking together, impulse, contest
flamma, -ae n (f) flame; blaze, flame-color, fever-eat, love
inflammo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to inflame; to set on fire, to excite
flecto, flectere, flexi, flexum vb tr and intr to bend; to turn, to persuade, to avoid
deflecto, deflectere, deflexi, deflexum vb tr to deflect; to bend down or aside, to withdraw, to inflect
inflecto, inflectere, inflexi, inflexum vb tr and intr to bend; to change, to mark with a circumflex, to pervert
fleo, flere, flevi, fletum vb tr and intr to weep; to cry, to weep for, to lament
defleo, deflere, deflevi, defletum vb tr and intr to weep (for)
flo, flare, flavi, flatum vb tr and intr to blow
flatus, -us n (m) blowing; soul, breath, breeze pride
follis, -is n (m) bellows; air-filled ball, money-bag; air cushion, stomach
inflo, inflare, inflavi, inflatum vb tr to bloat, to inflate; to play a wind instrument
flos, floris n (m) flower
floreo, florere, florui, vb intr to flourish; to bloom, to flower, to abound
fluo, fluere, fluxi, fluxum vb intr to flow; to overflow, to stream, to pour, to pass away
defluo, defluere, defluxi, defluctum vb intr to flow down; to cease, to die
fluctuatio, -onis n (f) swaying
fluctuo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr (also dep) to swell; to undulate, to move to and fro, to hesitate
fluctus, -us n (m) flood; flowing, commotion
fluentum, -i n (n) flow; flood, stream, river
flumen, -inis n (n) river; flowing of water, stream, fluency
fluvius, -ii n (m) river; running water stream
influo, influere, influxi, influxum vb tr to flow in; to press into
fodio, fodire, fodi, fossum vb tr and intr to dig; to pierce, to wound, to goad
effodio, effodere, effodi, effossus vb tr to dig up
fossatus, -i n (m) boundary (ditch)
foedus, -a, -um adj foul; disgraceful
foedus, -eris n (n) treaty; compact, bargain, contract, law
foedero, foederare, foederavi, foederatum vb tr to federate; to establish by treaty
fons, fontis n (m) font, source; fountain, spring
for, fari, fatus vb dep to speak; to say, to foretell, to prophesy, to sing in verse
confiteor, confiteri, confessus vb dep to confess; to reveal
confessio, -onis n (f) confession; creed, acknowledgement of Christ
fabula, -ae n (f) story; narrative, conversation, poem, play, fable
fabulator, -oris n (m) story-teller; fabulist 22
fama, -ae n (f) fame, rumour; reputation, infamy
famosus, -a, -um adj famous; infamous, slanderous
fatalis, -e adj fatal; destined, deadly
fateor, fateri, fassus vb dep to confess; to show, to indicate
fator, fatari, fatatus vb dep to be fated; to speak, to say
fatum, -i n (n) fate; that which is said, oracle, destiny, misfortune, death
ineffabilis, -e adj unspeakable; unpronounceable
infans, -antis n (m/f) child; mute, speechless, not yet able to speak, infant
infantia, -ae n (f) infancy; inability to speak, children
infantilis, -e adj infantile; belonging to infants or little children
infantulus, -i n (m) little baby
nefandus, -a, -um adj wicked; impious, abominable
nefarius, -a, -um adj wicked; impious, abominable, nefarious
praefatio, -onis n (f) preface; saying beforehand, preliminary hearing, prologue
praefatus, -a, -um adj aforesaid
praefor, praefari, praefatus vb dep to say before; to preface, to give a preliminary prayer
foris adv outside (locative); abroad, out of doors, from without
foras adv outside (direction); through the doors, forth
forensis, -e adj public; belonging to the forum, forensic
forceps, -ipis n (m/f) tongs
fornax, -acis n (f) furnace
forma, -ae n (f) form, beauty; shape, appearance, plan, model, sort, kind
conformo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to conform; to fashion symmetrically
deformis, -e adj deformed; ugly
formo, formare, formavi, formatum vb tr to form; to compose
formosus, -a, -um adj beautiful
informis, -e adj ugly; shapeless, deformed
formido, formidare, formidavi, formidatum vb tr and intr to fear
fors, fortis n (f) chance
forte adv by chance
fortuna, -ae n (f) fortune; chance, prosperity, misfortune, circumstances
infortunatus, -a, -um adj more unfortunate;
fortis, -e adj brave, strong
fortiter adv strongly; bravely
fortitudo, -inis n (f) strength; bravery
foveo, fovere, fovi, fotum vb tr to warm, to cherish, to foment, to favour
confutatio, -onis n (f) refutation; confutation
favilla, -ae n (f) embers; ashes
refocillo, refocillare, refocillavi, refocillatum vb tr to revive
refoveo, refovere, refovi, refotum vb tr to warm again; to refresh, to revive
frango, frangere, fregi, fractum vb tr to break
anfractus, -us n (m) spiral; unbroken curving, circuit, circumlocution, prolixity
confringo, confringere, confregi, confractum vb tr to break to pieces; to destroy, to dissipate
effringo, -ere, effregi, effractum vb tr and intr to break in; to break out
fractio, -onis n (f) breaking
fragilis, -e adj fragile; frail
fragilitas, -atis n (f) frailty; fragility
frater, fratris n (m) brother, friar, Franciscans (fratres minores)
fraus, fraudis n (f) deceit; fraud, cheater, crime, error, damage
defraudo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to defraud
frenum, -i n (n) rein; bridle, bit, bands
refreno, refrenare, refrenavi, refrenatum vb tr to restrain; to check, to bridle, to curb
frequens, -entis adj frequent, repeated, numerous, full
frequenter adv frequently; in great numbers 23
frico, fricare, fricui, frictum or fricatum vb tr to rub
refrico, refricare, refricavi, refricatum vb tr to rub again; to gall, to fret, to tear open, to renew
frigus, -oris n (n) cold; winter, chill, shudder of fear, inactivity, disfavour
frigidus, -a, -um adj cold; indifferent, trivial, causing cold or fright
frons, frontis n (f) forehead; brow, front, outside, appearance
confronto, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to adjoin; to confront
fruor, frui, fructus vb dep to enjoy (with abl); , to have the use of
fructuosus, -a, -um adj productive; fruitful, profitable
fructus, -us n (m) fruit; enjoyment, profit, consequence
frumentum, -i n (n) grain
fugio, fugere, fugi, fugitum vb intr to flee
confugio, confugere, confugi, confugitum vb intr to flee; to take refuge in
diffugio, diffugire, diffugi, diffugitum vb intr to scatter
fuga, -ae n (f) flight; banishment, refuge, escape
fugax, -acis adj fleeing; swift, fleeting, avoiding
fugitivus, -a, -um adj fugitive; runaway, deserter
fugo, fugare, fugavi, fugatum vb tr to rout; to put to flight
profugio, profugere, profugi, vb tr and intr to flee; to flee from, to take refuge
refugio, refugere, refugi, vb tr and intr to flee; to escape, to recede, to take refuge, to shun
fulgeo, fulgere, fulsi, vb intr to shine; to flash, to glitter, to be illustrious
fulgor, -oris n (m) brightness; lightning, renown
fulmen, -inis n (n) lightning (that strikes something); thunderbolt
refulgeo, refulgere, refulsi, vb intr to shine; to flash back, to glitter
fumus, -i n (m) smoke; steam, destruction
suffumigo, -are, suffumigavi, suffumigatum vb tr to fumigate from below
fundus, -i n (m)
funditus adv
fundo, fundare, fundavi, fundatum vb tr
profunditas, -atis n (f)
profundum, -i n (n)
fundo, fundere, fudi, fusum vb tr
confundo, confundere, confudi, confusum vb tr
confusio, -onis n (f)
effundo, effundere, effudi, effusum vb tr
infundo, infundere, infudi, infusum vb tr
fungor, fungi, functus vb dep
defungor, defungi, defunctus vb dep
funus, -eris n (n)
fur, furis n (m)
furor, furari, furatus vb dep
furtim adv
furtum, -i n (n)
furor, -oris n (m)
gaudeo, gaudere, gavisus vb tr and intr
gaudium, -ii n (n)
gelu, -us n (n)
gemma, -ae n (f)
gemo, gemere, gemui, gemitum vb tr and intr
gemitus, -us n (m)
gero, gerere, gessi, gestum vb tr
gesta, -orum n (n)
gestatorius, -a, -um adj
gestio, gestire, gestivi, gestitum vb intr
ingero, ingerere, ingessi, ingestum vb tr
suggero, suggerere, suggessi, suggestum vb tr
gigas, -antis n (m)
bottom; piece of land, foundation
completely; from the foundation, at the bottom
to found; to lay the bottom, to make firm
depth; vastness, darkness
depths; depth, abyss
to pour; to melt, to moisten, to spread out, to utter
to confuse; to mix together, to unite, to disturb, to diffuse
confusion; mingling, uniting
to pour out, to spill; to send out, to produce, to waste
to pour on; to lay before, to hurl, to impart
to perform, to use; to do, to discharge, to pay
to die; to discharge
death; funeral, corpse, destruction
thief; rascal
to steal; to remove secretly
stealthily; secretly
theft; a stolen thing, trick, secret love
fury; raving, rage, wrath
to rejoice; to delight in
joy; delight, cause or occasion of joy
frost; coldness produced by death
gem; object made of precious stones, ornament
to groan; to sight, to creak, to utter complain, to bemoan
groan; sigh, complaint, sorrow, hoarse sound
to carry on, to wage, to wear; to bear, (res gesta) history
deeds
funerary; that serves for carrying 24
to be eager; to gesture, to exult, to digress, to desire
carry in; to rush to, to inflict, to thrust, to repeat, to heap
to suggest; to carry under, to supply, to excite, to add
giant
gigno, gignere, genui, genitum vb tr to beget; to bear, to produce, to cause
degenero, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr and intr to degenerate; to cause to deteriorate, to dishonour
generalis, -e adj general; generic
generaliter adv generally
generatio, -onis n (f) generation, offspring; begetting
genero, generare, generavi, generatum vb tr to beget; to produce
generosus, -a, -um adj noble; of good birth, magnanimous, dignified
genetrix, -icis n (f) mother
genitor, -oris n (m) Creator; begetter, father, source
gens, gentis n (f) people; clan, race, (pl )world, foreigners, gentiles
gentilis, -is n (m) gentile; heathen, pagan
gentilitas, -atis n (f) paganism; relationship of the same gens, kinship
genus, -eris n (n) kind, noble birth, race; offspring, genus, gender
germen, -inis n (n) sprout; embryo, precious stone, germ, origin
germino, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr and intr to sprout; to put forth, to beget
ingenium, -ii n (n) talent, genius; inborn quality, nature, disposition
ingenuus, -a, -um adj freeborn; native, not foreign, not a bastard
nascor, nasci, natus vb dep to be born; to derive origin, to arise
natalis, -is n (m) birthday; anniversary, birth, origin
natio, -onis n (f) nation; birth, breed, kind, race
nativitas, -atis n (f) birth, Nativity; generation
natus, -i n (m) child, son
natura, -ae n (f) nature; birth, property, natural order, universe, element
naturalis, -e adj natural; by birth, inborn, real
naturaliter adv naturally
progenies, -iei n (f) progeny; descent, lineage, race, descendants, generation
progigno, progignere, progenui, progenitum vb tr to beget; to produce
gloria, -ae n (f) glory; praise, honour, vainglory, boasting 25
gloriatio, -onis n (f) glorying, boasting
glorifico, glorificare, glorificavi, glorificatum vb tr to glorify
glorior, gloriari, gloriatus vb dep to pride ones self; to glory, to boast, to brag
gloriosus, -a, -um adj glorious; renowned, vainglorious, ostentatious
gracilis, -e adj slender; meagre, plain
gradior, gradi, gressus vb dep to walk; to take steps, to conduct ones self
aggredior, aggredi, aggressus vb dep to attack; to approach, to go to, to undertake
egredior, egredi, egressus vb dep to go out; to climb, to leave, to disembark, to exceed
gradus, -us n (m) position, step; pace, degree, stair
ingredior, ingredi, ingressus vb dep to enter; to go into, to engage in, to begin, to go
ingressus, -us n (m) step; entering, inroad, gait, entrance, beginning
regredior, regredi, regressus vb dep to go back; to return, to retreat, to have recourse
transgredior, transgredi, transgressus vb dep to transgress; to pas over, to cross
transgressio, -onis n (f) transgression; going over, transposition, transition
gratus, -a, -um adj pleasing; beloved, grateful
grates, -ium n (f) thanks; thanksgiving
gratia, -ae n (f) grace, favour, thanks (pl ago; sing debeo, habeo, refero)
gratiosus, -a, -um adj gracious; enjoying favour, beloved, obliging
gratis adv freely; out of favour, gratis
grator, gratari, gratatus vb dep to rejoice; to congratulate
gratuitus, -a, -um adj free; done without pay, voluntary
gravis, -e adj heavy; burdensome, laden, grave, important, eminent
gravamen, -inis n (n) annoyance
gravidus, -a, -um adj pregnant; laden, abundant
gravitas, -atis n (f) hardship; heaviness, fetidness, violence, severity, dignity
graviter adv severely, badly; weightily, in an impressive manner
gravor, gravari, gravatus vb dep to feel vexed; to regard as a burden
grex, gregis n (m) flock; herd, drive, swarm, troop, crowd, company
congregatio, -onis n (f) gathering; assembly, society
congrego, -are, congregavi, congregatum vb tr to gather together; to herd, to assemble, to unite
egregie adv excellently; exceedingly, uncommonly well
egregius, -a, -um adj outstanding; distinguished, illustrious
segrego, segregare, segregavi, segregatum vb tr to separate; to remove, to set apart, to divide
guberno, gubernare, gubernavi, gubernatum vb tr to govern; to pilot, to steer to direct
gubernatio, -onis n (f) management; steering, government
gurges, -itis n (m) whirlpool; sea, abyss, spendthrift
gustus, -us n (m) taste; tasting, light meal, specimen
gyro, gyrare, gyravi, gyratum (giro) vb tr and intr to wheel; to turn in a circle, to go around, to turn around
habeo, habere, habui, habitum vb tr to have, to hold, to consider, se habere idiom to be
adhibeo, adhibere, adhibui, adhibitum vb tr to apply; to hold to, to add to, to summon, to consult
cohibeo, cohibere, cohibui, cohibitum vb tr to contain, to restrain; to comprise, to subdue
debeo, debere, debui, debitum vb tr ought, to owe
debite adv deservedly
debitum, -i n (n) debt
exhibeo, exhibere, exhibui, exhibitum vb tr to exhibit; to hold forth, to present, to deliver, to show
habilis, -e adj suitable; manageable, expert
habitaculum, -i n (n) home; dwelling-place
habitatio, -onis n (f) habitation; dwelling, rent 26
habitator, -oris n (m) inhabitant; tenant, occupant
habito, habitare, habitavi, habitatum vb tr and intr to inhabit; to have frequently, to remain
habitus, -us n (m) condition, dress; appearance, quality, disposition
inhabito, inhabitare, inhabitavi, inhabitatum vb tr to inhabit
praebeo, praebere, praebui, praebitum vb tr to offer, to supply; to hold forth, to give, to show
prohibeo, prohibere, prohibui, prohibitum vb tr to forbid; to hold in front, to hinder, to preserve
haereo, haerere, haesi, haesum vb intr to cling to (with dat); to hold fast, to adhere, to follow
adhaereo, adhaerere, adhaesi, adhaesum vb intr to cling to (with dat); to stick to, to be close to, to hang on
cohaereo, cohaerere, cohaesi, cohaesum vb intr to cling together; to be near or united, to agree, to exist
inhaereo, inhaerere, inhaesi, inhaesum vb intr to cling to (with dat); to adhere to, to be connected with
halo, halare,, vb tr and intr to emit vapour or breathe, to give off a scent
exhalo, exhalare, exhalavi, exhalatum vb tr and intr to die; to breathe out, to steam
harena, -ae n (f) sand, arena; sandy place, desert, beach, place of combat
haud (haut, hau) adv not at all; by no means,
haurio, haurire, hausi, haustum vb tr to drink; to draw out, to spill, to exhaust, to derive
inexhaustus, -a, -um adj inexhaustible; unexhausted
heres, -edis n (m/f) heir; heiress, owner, successor
(h)era, -ae n (f) lady; mistress of a family, proprietor
(h)erus, -i n (m) lord; master of a family, proprietor
hereditas, -atis n (f) heredity, inheritance
heredito, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to bequeath (with double acc)
heri adv yesterday; lately, a short time ago
hiems, hiemis n (f) winter; rainy season, stormy weather, cold, distress
hibernus, -a, -um adj winter; wintery, cold
hiemo, hiemare, hiemavi, hiematum vb intr to winter; to be frozen, to congeal
hic, haec, hoc pron adj and subst demonstr this, he, she, it, they, this/these one(s)/thing(s); the latter
hactenus adv up until now; thus far, to this extent, insofar as
hic adv here; in this affair, now, hereupon
hinc adv from here; on this side, on this account, hereafter, ago
huc adv to here; hither, to this point
hucusque adv up to here; hitherto, thus far
huiusmodi idiom of this sort
hoc, huius pron correlative with quod the fact that
hoc est idiom i.e.
hio, hiare, hiavi, hiatum vb tr and intr to stand open, to gape, to cause hiatus, to desire, to sing
inhio, inhiare, inhiavi, inhiatum vb intr to desire (with dat); to gape, to gape at
homo, -inis n (m) man; human being
humane adv humanely; humanly, politely
humanitas, -atis n (f) kindness, humanity; mankind, liberal education
humanus, -a, -um adj human; humane, kind, polite, learned
nemo, neminis pron indef no one; no man, nobody, not any
honor or honos, -oris n (m) honour; repute, public office, gift, rite, ornament
honestas, -atis n (f) honor, honesty; respectability, reputation, beauty
honeste adv worthily; honourably, properly
honestus, -a, -um adj honourable, respectable, proper, beautiful
honorabiliter adv honourably
honorifice adv honourably
hora, -ae n (f) hour; time, season
horreo, horrere, horrui, vb tr and intr to shudder at; to bristle, to be horrid
horribils, -e adj horrible; astonishing
hortor, hortari, hortatus vb dep to encourage; to urge, to exhort
exhortatio, -onis n (f) exhortation 27
exhortor, exhortari, exhortatus vb dep to exhort; to excite
hospes, -itis n (m) guest; host, stranger, ignorant of
hospitale, -is n (n) hospital, room
hospitalitas, -atis n (f) hospitality; being a guest, living in a foreign country
hospitium, -ii n (n) lodging, hospitality; entertainment
hospitor, hospitari, hospitatus vb dep to lodge; to be a guest
hostis, -is n (m) enemy, the Enemy (i.e. Satan)
hostilis, -e adj hostile; enemy
humus, -i n (f) ground; earth, soil, country
humilio, humiliare, humiliavi, humiliatum vb tr to humble; to abase
humilis, -e adj humble; low, slight, poor, insignificant
humilitas, -atis n (f) humility; lowness, insignificance, baseness
humiliter adv humbly; low, deeply, basely
humo, humare, humavi, humatum vb tr to bury, to perform funeral rites
iaceo, iacere, iacui, iacitum vb intr to lie down; to be ill, to lie dead, to be situated, to lie idle
subiaceo, subiacere, subiacui, subiectum vb intr to lie beneath (with dat)
iacio, iacere, ieci, iactum vb tr to throw; to lay, to produce, to scatter, to utter
abiectio, -onis n (f) dejection; casting down, degradation
con(i)icio, con(i)icere, conieci, coniectum vb tr to infer; to throw together, to unite, to discuss, to urge
de(i)icio, de(i)icere, deieci, deiectum vb tr to throw down; to drive out, to kill, to lower, to deprive
e(i)icio, e(i)icere, eieci, eiectum vb tr to throw out;to sally forth,to land a ship,to expel,to reject
iactantia, -ae n (f) boasting
in(i)icio, in(i)icere, inieci, iniectum vb tr to throw into or onto, to inject; to seize, to cause, to hint
ob(i)icio, ob(i)icere, obieci, obiectum vb tr to throw before; to expose, to object, to present, to taunt
pro(i)icio, pro(i)icere, proieci, proiectum vb tr to throw down, to toss out; to throw forth, to rush into
sub(i)icio, sub(i)icere, subieci, subiectum vb tr to throw under, to say, to subjugate
subiectio, -onis n (f) submission; placing under, subjugation
idoneus, -a, -um adj suitable to or for (with dat); proper, sufficient
ignis, -is n (m) fire; brightness, firewood, passion, beloved object
igneus, -a, -um adj fiery; burning-hot, resplendent, ardent
ilia, -ium n (n) groin; flank, genitals
exilis, -e adj small; feeble, meagre, void
ille, illa, illud pron adj and subst demonst he, she, it, they, that/those one(s)/thing(s); the former
illic adv there; yonder, in that place, therein
illinc adv from there; thence, on that side
illuc adv to there; thither, thereto
olim adv once; formerly, long ago, on a future day
imago, -inis n (f) image, statue; copy, likeness, picture, ghost, idea
imaginarius, -a, -um adj imaginary; of an image
imaginatio, -onis n (f) imagination
imitor, imitari, imitatus vb tr to imitate; to represent, to copy, to counterfeit
imbecillitas, -atis n (f) weakness; helplessness, imbecility
imber, imbris n (m) rain; shower, raincloud, water
immo adv nay rather; on the contrary
in prep (with abl) in, on, among, at, under, while
in prep (with acc) into, against, as, for, in (modum), onto, to, towards,upon
inanis, -e adj empty; void, vain, unprofitable, worthless, petty
inane, -is n (n) void; emptiness, vanity, inanity
incoho or inchoo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr and intr to begin; to lay the foundation of, to commence
inclutus, -a, -um (inclitus, inclytus) adj renowned; famous, glorious
indulgeo, indulgere, indulsi, indultum vb tr and intr to grant; to be kind, to indulge in or to, to favour
induo induere indui indutum vb tr to clothe; to put on, to assume
infestus, -a, -um adj dangerous; made unsafe, infested, making unsafe
infra adv and prep (with acc) below, during; underneath, farther, later, less than 28
inferi, -orum n (m) underworld, the dead
inferus, -a, -um adj lower; underneath
infernus, -i n (m) Hell
infimus or imus, -a, -um adj superl lowest; last, bottom, deepest, most humble
ingens, -entis adj huge; remarkable, distinguished, great
inquam, inquit vb defective to say
instar prep (with gen) or n indec in the image of; like, sketch, manner, appearance value
instauro, instaurare, instauravi, instauratum vb tr to restore; to renew, to erect
restauratio, -onis n (f) restoration
restauro, restaurare, restauravi, restauratum vb tr to restore; to rebuild, to renew, to repeat
insula, -ae n (f) island
inter adv and prep (with acc) among, between; in the midst, during
interior, -ius adj compar inner, interior; nearer, more hidden, deeper
interius adv compar on the inside
intimo, intimare, intimavi, intimatum vb tr to tell; to put into, to push into, to announce, to intimate
intimus, -a, -um adj superl innermost, most intimate; profound, deepest
intra adv and prep (with acc) inside; within, inwardly, during, under
intrinsecus adv inside; inwards, inwardly
intro, intrare, intravi, intratum vb tr and intr to enter; to penetrate, to pierce, to attack
intus adv inside; within, from within
subintro, -are, subintravi, subintratum vb intr to enter secretly
interpres, -etis n (m/f) an agent between two parties, explainer, interpreter
interpretatio, -onis n (f) interpretation; explanation, translation, meaning
interpreto, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr (also dep) to interpret; to explain, to translate, to understand
iocus, -i n (m) sport; joke, jest,
ipse, ipsa, ipsum pron and pron adj demonst that very, his/her/it/them/self/selves, he, she, it, they
ipse, ipsa, ipsum pron subst for a second rel pron who, which
-ipse, -ipsa, -ipsum adj demonst reflexive enclitic -self
ira, -ae n (f) anger; wrath, provocation, object of anger, passion, fury
iracundia, -ae n (f) anger; proneness to anger, violence of anger, passion
irascor, irasci, iratus vb dep to be angry
irrito, irritare, irritavi, irritatum vb tr to irritate; to incite, to vex
is, ea, id pron and pron adj demonst he, she, it, they, that, those (often pejorative)
iam adv now, already
ibi adv there
ibidem adv in that same place
id est idiom i.e.
idem, eadem, idem pron adj and subst demonst the same one(s),the same thing(s);same,at the same time
ideo adv therefore
inibi adv therein; nearly, almost
interea adv meanwhile; nevertheless
interim adv meanwhile; for a while, sometimes
iste, ista, istud pron and pron adj demonst he, she, it, they
ita adv such, thus, so
itaque conj and so; accordingly, therefore, in like manner
item adv also (usually 1st position), likewise
iterum adv again; a second time, on the other hand
iubilo, iubilare, iubilavi, iubilatum vb tr and intr to shout, to shout for joy
iubilatio, -onis n (f) jubilation; shouting
iubeo, iubere, iussi, iussum vb tr to order; to command, to wish, to decree, to assign
iussio, -onis n (f) command; order, law, prescription, parental consent
iussum, -i n (n) command 29
iungo, iungere, iunxi, iunctum vb tr to join, to unite, to yolk, to add
coniugatio, -onis n (f) marriage; combining, mixture, conjugation, syllogism
coniugium, -ii n (n) marriage; connection, concubinage
coniu(n)x, coniugis n (m/f) spouse; wife, husband, betrothed, concubine, comrade
iugis, -e adj continual; perpetual, perennial
iugo, iugare, iugavi, iugatum vb tr to join; to bind to rails, to marry
iugum, -i n (n) yoke, pair of animals; crossbeam, bond, mountain chain
iugiter adv continuously; immediately
iumentum, -i n (n) beast of burden; carriage
iunctura, -ae n (f) joint; joining, trappings, team, relationship
iuxta adv and prep (with acc) equally, near, next to, according to
subiugo, subiugare, subiugavi, subiugatum vb tr to subjugate; to bring under the yoke
subiungo, subiungere, subiunxi, subiunctum vb tr to add to; to yoke, to subjugate, to subdue, to substitute
ius, iuris n (n) law, right, rule; that which is obligatory, place of justice
adiuro, adiurare, adiuravi, adiuratum vb tr to swear; to conjure, to adjure
coniuro, coniurare, coniuravi, coniuratum vb tr to conjure; to combine by oath, to conspire
iniuria, -ae n (f) harm, offense; injustice, wrongdoing, damage, revenge
iniuriose adv wrongfully; unjustly
iniustus, -a, -um adj unjust; wrongful, excessive, severe
iudex, -icis n (m) judge; decider, umpire
iudico, iudicare, iudicavi, iudicatum vb tr to judge; to decide, to condemn, to declare, to conclude
iudicium, -ii n (n) judgment; trial, sentence, court, opinion, discernment
iuramentum, -i n (n) oath
iuro, iurare, iuravi, iuratum vb tr and intr (also dep) to swear; to take an oath, to conspire
iusiurandum, -i n (n) oath, swearing an oath
iustitia, -ae (iusticia) n (f) justice; righteousness, holiness, clemency
iustus, -a, -um adj just; righteous, lawful, true, proper, moderate
peiero, -are, peieravi, peieratum vb tr and intr to perjure; to lie
periurus, -a, -um adj false; perjurious
praeiudico, -are, praeiudicavi, praeiudicatum vb tr to decide beforehand; to be prejudiced
iuvenis, -is n (m/f) young man; young person
iunior, -ius adj compar younger
iuvencula, -ae n (f) little girl
iuvenilis, -e adj juvenile, youthful; lively, cheerful, violent
iuventus, -utis or iuventa, -ae n (f) youth; age of youth
iuvo, iuvare, iuvi, iutum vb tr and intr to help; to benefit, to delight, to please
adiutor, -oris n (m) Helper; assistant, secretary, minister
adiutorium, -i n (n) help
adiuvo, adiuvare, adiuvi, adiutum vb tr to help; to give aid, to cherish, to profit
iucunditas, -atis n (f) charm; agreeableness, delight, enjoyment
iucundo, -are, iucundavi, iucundatum vb intr to delight; to please, to take delight 30
iucundus, -a, -um adj pleasing; pleasant, agreeable, delightful
iuvat, iuvare, iuvit, iutum vb imper it pleases; it delights
kalendae, -arum n (f) Kalends, first of the month
labor, labi, lapsus vb dep to slip; to fall, to slide, to glide, to escape, to die, to err
collabor, collabi, collapsus vb dep to collapse; to fall into ruin
elabor, elabi, elapsus vb dep to elapse, to slip; to glide away, to escape
labes, -is n (f) fault; fall, sinking, stroke, ruin, destruction, epilepsy
labor, -oris n (m) effort; labour, toil, hardship, suffering, work
laborerium, -ii n (n) place of work; piece of work, duty
laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratum vb tr and intr to labour, to suffer; to strive, to grieve, to make
lacero, lacerare, laceravi, laceratum vb tr to tear; to lacerate, to shatter, to carve, to torture, to ruin
lacinia, -ae n (f) hem; edge of a garment, garment, small strip of anything
lacio, lacere, , vb tr to entice
elicio, elicere, elicui, elicitum vb tr to draw forth; to entice out, to elicit, to conjure, to speak
illicio, illicere, illexi, illectum vb tr to entice; to seduce, to decoy
lacesso, lacessere, lacessivi, lacessitum vb tr to harass; to challenge, to excite, to irritate, to arouse
lacrima, -ae n (f) tear; teardrop
lacrimo, -are, -avi, -atum vb intr (also dep) to cry; to shed tears, to lament, to weep
lacus, -us n (m) lake; tub, basin, pond, cistern, cave, pit
laedo, laedere, laesi, laesum vb tr to harm, to wound, to vex, to violate, to betray
illaesus, -a, -um adj unharmed
laesio, -onis n (f) harm
laetus, -a, -um adj happy; joyful, willing, pleasing, propitious, beautiful
laetitia, -ae n (f) happiness; joyfulness, delight, beauty
laetor, laetari, laetatus vb dep to be glad; to rejoice, to be joyful
laevus, -a, -um adj left; of ill omen, unfortunate, (of auguries) fortunate
lamentor, lamentari, lamentatus vb dep to lament; to wail, to weep
lamentum, -i n (n) lament; wailing, weeping
latratus, -us n (m) barking
langueo, languere, , vb intr to languish; to be faint, to be languid
languidus, -a, -um adj weak; faint, languid, powerless, ill
languor, -oris n (m) feebleness; faintness, languor, apathy, listlessness
lapis, -idis n (m) stone; mile-stone, landmark, gravestone, jewel, statue
lapidicina, -ae n (f) stone quarry
lapido, lapidare, lapidavi, lapidatum vb tr to stone; to assault
largus, -a, -um adj abundant, giving abundantly
elargio, elargire, elargivi, elargitum vb tr (also dep) to bestow
largiter adv generously; largely, greatly
largior, largiri, largitus vb dep to bestow; to show largess, to bribe, to grant
lascivia, -ae n (f) lasciviousness; playfulness, wantonness, lewdness
lateo, latere, latui, vb intr to hide (acc of hiding from); to lurk, to live in retirement
latebra, -ae n (f) hiding place; refuge, retreat, subterfuge
latito, latitare, latitavi, latitatum vb intr to hide; to lurk, to keep out of the way
latro, -onis n (m) robber; mercenary, bodyguard, highwayman, brigand
latrocinium, -ii n (n) robbery; freebooting, piracy, villainy, fraud
latrocinor, latrocinari, latrocinatus vb dep to rob; to be a hired soldier, to freeboot, to hunt
latus, -a, -um adj wide; broad, wide-spread, prolix
late adv wide; widely
latitudo, -inis n (f) width; breadth, size
latus, -eris n (n) side; flank, body, intimacy, relationship
laus, laudis n (f) praise; glory, esteem, praiseworthy thing, merit, value
collaudo, collaudare, collaudavi, collaudatum vb tr to praise highly
laudatio, -onis n (f) praise; eulogy, panegyric 31
laudo, laudare, laudavi, laudatum vb tr to praise; to eulogize, to approve, to cite
laxus, -a, -um adj wide, loose, spacious
relaxo, relaxare, relaxavi, relaxatum vb tr to loosen; to ease, to soften, to cheer up
lectus, -i n (m) bed; couch, bridal bed, eating-couch, funeral-bed
lectulus, -i n (m) bed; eating-couch, funeral-bed, reading-couch, bridal-bed
lego, legare, legavi, legatum vb tr to bequeath; to send an ambassador, to entrust
collega, -ae (m/f) colleague; one chosen at the same time, companion
collegium, -ii n (n) college; partnership, guild, corporation, company
legatio, -onis n (f) mission; sending an ambassador, ambassador, embassy
legatus, - i n (m) commander, legate; ambassador, assistant to a general
lego, legere, legi, lectum vb tr to read; to gather, to collect, to go through, to choose
collectio, -onis n (f) collection; collecting, summary, conclusion, abscess
colligo, colligere, collegi, collectum vb tr to bring together, to collect; to acquire, to conclude
delecto, delectare, delectavi, delectatum vb tr to delight; to seduce
deliciae, -arum n (f) delights; darling
deligo, deligere, delegi, delectum vb tr to choose; to gather
dilectio, -onis n (f) love
dilectus, -a, -um adj beloved
diligenter adv diligently
diligentia, -ae n (f) diligence; frugality
diligens, -entis adj diligent; frugal
diligo, diligere, dilexi, dilectum vb tr to love
electio, -onis n (f) choice; selection
elegans, -antis adj elegant; luxurious, effeminate, tasteful, nice
eligo, eligere, elegi, electum (elego) vb tr to choose, to pluck
intellectus, -us n (m) intellect, sense, understanding; meaning, perception
intellegibilis, -e adj intelligible; perceptible
intellego, intellegere, intellexi, intellectum vb tr to understand; to perceive, to to have a skill
lectio, -onis n (f) reading; gathering, collecting, picking, reading off, text
lector, -oris n (m) lector, reader
legenda, -ae n (f) legend; saints life
legio, -onis n (f) legion; a body of soldiers, soldiers, army, troops
lignum, -i n (n) beam, the Cross, tree; wood, timber, writing tablet, staff
neglegens, -entis adj negligent; heedless
neglego, neglegere, neglexi, neglectum vb tr to think nothing of; to not heed, to neglect, to slight
praeeligo, -ere, praeelegi, praeelectum vb tr to choose; to prefer
relego, relegere, relegi, relectum vb tr to reread; to collect again, to traverse
supellectilis, -is n (f) furniture; household utensils, good, apparatus 32
lenis, -e adj soft, smooth, mild, easy, calm
lenio, lenire, leni(v)i, lenitum vb tr and intr to soften; to mitigate, to appease, to calm, to become soft
lenitas, -atis n (f) softness; smoothness, gentleness, mildness
leniter adv gently; softly, mildly, quietly, moderately, remissly
lepra, -ae n (f) leprosy
leprosus, -a, -um adj leprous
leprosus, -i n (m) leper
levis, -e adj light, fickle; swift, trivial
elevo, elevare, , elevatum vb tr to lift; to alleviate, to diminish, to raise
levitas, -atis n (f) fickleness; lightness, shallowness
leviter adv lightly; slightly, easily
levo, levare, levavi, levatum vb tr to lift; to elevate, to lighten, to ease, to take, to console
sublevo, sublevare, sublevavi, sublevatum vb tr to lift; to support, to console, to support, to lighten
lex, legis n (f) law, Law of Moses; bill, precept, contract, stipulation
legalis, -e adj legal
legaliter adv legally
legislator, -oris n (m) legislator; law-giver
legitimus, -a, -um adj legitimate; fixed by law, legal, right, proper, appropriate
liber, libera, liberum adj free; unrestricted, frank, not a slave, politically free
liber, liberi n (m) child; animal young
liberalis, -e adj liberal, honourable; concerning freedom or the freeborn
libere adv freely; boldly
libero, liberare, liberavi, liberatum vb tr to free; to manumit, to release, to acquit, to clear
libertas, -atis n (f) liberty; freedom, free will, independence, frankness
liber, libri n (m) book; inner bark of a tree, papyrus, paper, treatise, work
libellus, -i n (m) little book; pamphlet, journal, notice, letter, libel, brief
libet, libere, libuit, libitum vb intr and impers it pleases
libens, -entis adj willing; happy
libenter adv willingly; gladly
libitus, -us n (m) pleasure
libra, -ae n (f) pound; liquid measure, scales, balance
licet, licere, licuit, licitum vb intr and impers it is allowed; one may
licenter adv boldly; freely, licentiously
licentia, -ae n (f) license; freedom, frankness
licet conj (with subjunctive vb) although; even if, notwithstanding
licite adv lawfully
ligo, ligare, ligav, ligatum vb tr to bind, to bandage, to surround, to unite, to confirm
alligo, alligare, alligavi, alligatum vb tr to bind; to bind to, to fix, to detain, to oblige
obligatio, -onis n (f) obligation; binding, ensnaring, obligatory relationship
obligo, obligare, obligavi, obligatum vb tr to bind; to bandage, to oblige, to pledge, to embarrass
religo, religare, religavi, religatum vb tr to bind; to moor, to chain, to unbind
limus, -a, -um adj sidelong, askance, sideways
collimitaneus, -a, -um adj coterminous; bordering upon
limen, -inis n (n) threshold; lintel, door, house, barrier, beginning, end
limes, -itis n (m) path; boundary, boundary-wall, road, line, limit, way
obliquo, obliquare, obliquavi, obliquatum vb tr to turn away;to twist awry, to draw back, to say indirectly
lingua, -ae n (f) tongue, language; speech, utterance
elinguis, -e adj speechless; deprived of a tongue, without eloquence
lino, linere, levi or livi, litum or linio, -ire, -ivi, -itum vb t to besmear, to anoint, to cover, to bemire, to befoul
illino, illinere, illevi, illitum vb tr to smear; to besmear, to anoint, to daub
linquo, linquere, liqui, lictum vb tr to leave behind
delinquo, -ere, deliqui, delictum vb tr and intr to fail; to transgress
derelinquo, -linquere, -liqui, -lictum vb tr to leave; to abandon, to bequeath
33
relinquo, relinquere, reliqui, relictum vb tr to leave behind, to leave
reliquiae, -arum n (f) relics; leavings, remains, fragments
reliquus, -a, -um adj the rest; remaining
linum, -i n (n) flax, thread, fishing-line, linen, sail, rope
linea, -ae n (f) line; thread, string, region, boundary-line, lineage, sketch
lineus, -a, -um adj linen; of flax
liqueo, liquere, liqui or licui, vb intr to be fluid, to be clear, to be apparent
liquor, -oris n (m) liquid; fluidity
prolixitas, -atis n (f) long-windedness, length; breadth, duration
lis, litis n (f) lawsuit; quarrel, charge, subject of a dispute
litus, -oris n (n) shore; beach, bank, coast, landing place
locus, -i n sing (m) pl (m/n) place; region, topic, book-passage, occasion, position, rank
colloco, collocare, collocavi, collocatum vb tr to place; to place together, to arrange, to give in marriage
ilico adv immediately; in that very spot, thither
localis, -e adj of place; local
longus, -a, -um adj long; remote, vast, of long duration
elongo, -are, elongavi, elongatum vb tr and intr to withdraw; to remove, to prolong
longe adv far, by far; far off, for a long period, widely, much
longinquus, -a, -um adj far away; long, extensive, of long duration, ancient
longitudo, -inis n (f) length; long duration
prolongo, -are, prolongavi, prolongatum vb tr to prolong
loquor, loqui, locutus vb dep to speak; to say, to name, to show
alloquor, alloqui, allocutus vb dep to speak to; to address, to exhort, to console
colloquium, -ii n (n) conversation; discourse, correspondence
colloquor, colloqui, collocutus vb dep to converse; to talk together, to parley
eloquentia, -ae n (f) eloquence
eloquium, -ii n (n) eloquence, word; communication
locutio, -onis n (f) speech; speaking, pronunciation, word, phrase
loquela, -ae n (f) speech; language, word
lucrum, -i n (n) profit; advantage, avarice, wealth
lucror, lucrari, lucratus vb dep to gain; to get, to win, to persuade
lucta, -ae n (f) wrestling; wrestling match
luctamen, -inis n (n) exertion; wrestling, struggle, mixing together
ludo, ludere, lusi, lusum vb tr and intr to play; to sport, to wanton, to mock, to waste, to delude
deludo, deludere, delusi, delusum vb tr to prank; to mock, to delude
illudo, illudere, illusi, illusum vb tr and intr to mock (with dat); to play at, to destroy, to abuse
ludus, -i n (m) game; pastime, stage-play, place of exercise, school, sport
lugeo, lugere, luxi, luctum vb tr and intr to lament
luctus, -us n (m) lamentation; sorrow, mourning, source of grief
luna, -ae n (f) moon; month, night, moon-shape
lunaris, -e adj lunar
luo, luere, , vb tr to wash; to cleanse
abluo, abluere, ablui, ablutum vb tr to wash, to wash away; to cleanse, to remove
diluvium, -ii n (n) flood; destruction
latrina, -ae n (f) latrine; bath, brothel
lavacrum, -i n (m) bath
lavo, lavare, lavi, lavatum or lotum vb tr to wash; to bathe, to wet, to wash away
lutulentus, -a, -um adj muddy; filthy, vile, impure
34
lutum, -i n (n) mud; loam, clay
polluo, polluere, pollui, pollutum vb tr to pollute; to soil, to defile, to desecrate, to violate
luo, luere, lui, lutum vb tr to loose, to suffer punishment; to pay a debt, to atone
dissolvo, dissolvere, dissolvi, dissolutum vb tr to separate, to dissolve; to pay, to destroy, to refute
persolvo, persolvere, persolvi, persolutum vb tr to pay; to release completely, to show, to solve
solvo, solvere, solvi, solutum vb tr to free, to loosen, to pay, to pay a debt; to acquit
lux, lucis n (f) light; light of the heavens, day, life, public view, help
diluculum, -i n (n) dawn
illucesco, illucescere, illuxi, vb tr and intr to shine on; to grow light, to dawn
illuminatio, -onis n (f) illumination
illumino, illuminare, illuminavi, illuminatum vb tr to illuminate; to adorn, to make conspicuous
illustro, illustrare, illustravi, illustratum vb tr to illustrate; to illuminate, to elucidate, to make famous
luceo, lucere, luxi, vb intr to shine; to dawn, to be visible, to be apparent
lucide adv clearly; gloriously
lumen, -inis n (n) light, eyes; torch, splendour, day, life, ornament, beauty
luminare, -is n (n) heavenly body; light-giver, lamp, window
luxuria, -ae n (f) lust; rankness, wantonness, extravagance, luxury
luxuriosus, -a, -um adj lustful; rank, luxuriant, exuberant, immoderate, excessive
macer, macra, macrum adj thin; meagre, poor
macies, -iei n (f) thinness; meagreness, poorness
machina, -ae n (f) machine; scaffolding, easel, war engine, plan, trick
mechanicus, -a, -um adj mechanic; mechanical
macto, mactare, mactavi, mactatum vb tr to honour; to sacrifice, to reward, to afflict, to slaughter
macula, -ae n (f) spot; stain, blemish, fault
commaculo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to stain; to pollute on all sides
maculo, maculare, maculavi, maculatum vb tr to pollute; to make spotted, to stain, to disgrace
maereo, maerere, , vb tr and intr to grieve; to be sad, to bewail
maestus, -a, -um adj sad; gloomy, severe, showing mourning
magnus, -a, -um adj great; large, strong, important
magis adv more, rather
magister, magistri n (m) teacher, master; dictator, tutor, owner, professor, adviser
magistra, -ae n (f) teacher; superior, mistress, conductress
magistraliter adv magisterially
magnale, -is n (n) great deed; great word
magnifico, -are, magnificavi, magnificatum vb tr to esteem; to magnify, to extol, to worship, to enlarge
magnitudo, -inis n (f) size; greatness, magnitude, abundance, extent, rank
magnopere adv greatly; exceedingly, particularly
maiestas, -atis n (f) majesty; greatness, sovereignty, excellence
maior, maius adj compar greater
maiores, -um n (m) ancestors, leaders; adults
maxime adv superl especially; exceedingly
maximus, -a, -um adj superl greatest
magus, -i n (m) magician, Magi
magicus, -a, -um adj magical
malus, -a, -um adj evil; bad, ugly, hurtful
male adv badly; wrongly
maledico, -ere, maledixi, maledictum vb tr and intr to curse; to speak ill of, to slander
maledictio, -onis n (f) curse; abuse
maledictum, -i n (f) curse; abusive word, cursed thing
malefactum, -i n (n) wicked deed; crime, fraud, sorcery, harm, vermin
malevolentia, -ae n (f) ill will; hatred
malignitas, -atis n (f) spite; ill will, stinginess, barrenness
malignus, -a, -um adj spiteful; ill-disposed, malign, stingy, barren 35
malitia, -ae n (f) wickedness; badness, ill will
manduco, -are, manducavi, manducatum vb tr (also dep) to eat; to chew
mane adv and n indec in the morning; morning
maneo, manere, mansi, mansum vb tr and intr to remain; to stay, to stop, to endure, to wait for
commaneo, -ere, commansi, commansum vb intr to remain
permaneo, -ere, permansi, permansum vb intr to remain; to last, to persevere, to live by
remaneo, remanere, remansi, vb intr to remain; to endure
mano, manare, manavi, manatum vb intr to flow; to trickle, to spread, get abroad, to originate from
emano, emanare, emanavi, emanatum vb intr to flow out; to emanate from,to diffuse,to become known
manus, -us n (f) hand, armed band; fighting, work, side, workman
adminiculum, -i n (n) support; that which is at hand, vine pole, assistant
commanipularis, -is n (m) military companion; a companion in the same manipulus
commendo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to entrust, to point out, to praise
demando, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to entrust
eminus adv from afar; out of range of hand-to-hand combat
manifestatio, -onis n (f) manifestation
manifeste adv clearly
manifesto, -are, manifestavi, manifestatum vb tr to reveal; to show clearly
manifestus, -a, -um adj clear; apparent, exposed, convicted
mansuesco, -ere, -evi, -etum vb tr and intr to grow mild; to tame, to become tame
mansuetus, -a, -um adj gentle; tame, soft, quiet
marceo, marcere, , vb intr to wither; to be faint, to be lazy
marcesco, marcescere, marcui, vb intr to wither; to decay, to pine away, to become weak
mare, -is n (n) sea; seawater, sea-green
margo, -inis n (f) margin; edge, brink, shore
marmor, -oris n (n) marble; work of marble, marble building, marble slab
marmoreus, -a, -um adj of marble; marble-like, adorned with statues
mars, martis n (m) Mars, war
mas, maris adj male, masculine, manly
maritus, -i n (m) husband; married man, lover, suitor
masculus, -a, -um adj male; masculine, manly
mater, matris n (m) mother; matron, nurse, source, motherhood, home
maternus, -a, -um adj mothers; maternal
matrona, -ae n (f) matron; married woman, lady of quality
matrimonium, -ii n (n) marriage; matrimony, married women
maturus, -a, -um adj mature; ripe, proper, adult, powerful, early
medeor, mederi, vb dep to heal; to cure, to remedy, to amend, to correct
medicabilis, -e adj curing; curable
medicamen, -inis n (n) medicine; drug, poison, remedy, antidote, dye, paint
medicina, -ae n (f) medicine; healing, surgery
medicinalis, -e adj medicinal
medicus, -i n (m) physician; medical man, surgeon, ring finger
remedium, -ii n (n) remedy; cure, charm, amulet, relief
medius, -a, -um adj middle, middle of, half; midst
dimidius, -a, -um adj half; divided into two
medio, mediare, mediavi, mediatum vb intr to come between; to halve
mediocris, -e adj mediocre; average, middling, trivial, common
mediocritas, -atis n (f) moderation; moderateness, meagreness, inferiority
meditor, meditari, meditatus vb dep to think upon, to muse, to consider, to study, to practice
meditatio, -onis n (f) thinking over; contemplation, preparation, practice
memini, meminisse, vb defective to remember (with gen); to be mindful of, to mention
commentum, -i n (n) comment; invention, falsehood, contrivance, plan
immemor, -oris adj unmindful; forgetful, negligent of 36
memor, -oris adj mindful (with gen); remembering, bringing to mind
memoria, -ae n (f) memory; recollection, remembrance, narration, memoir
memoro, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr (also dep) to mention, to remember (with gen); to say
menda, -ae n (f) or mendum, -i n (n) fault defect, blemish, mistake
emendatio, -onis n (f) emendation, improvement
emendo, emendare, emendavi, emendatum vb tr to correct; to chastise
mendacium, -ii n (n) lie; untruth, falsehood, counterfeit
mendax, -acis adj lying; liar, false, deceptive, counterfeit
mendico, -are, mendicavi, mendicatum vb tr to beg; to ask for alms, to solicit
mendicus, -i n (m) beggar; mendicant, poor, needy
mentior, mentiri, mentitus vb dep to lie, to tell a lie; to cheat, to deceive, to counterfeit
mens, mentis n (f) mind; heart, conscience, intellect, reason, plan, courage
amens, -entis adj insane; frantic, foolish
dementia, -ae n (f) madness
mensis, -is n (m) month; menses
meo, meare, meavi, meatum vb intr to go, to pass
semita, -ae n (f) path; lane, way, road
transmeo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr and intr to cross
mereo, merere, merui, meritum vb tr (also dep) to merit; to deserve, to be worthy, to earn, to buy
immeritus, -a, -um adj undeserved; undeserving, innocent
meretrix, -icis n (f) prostitute; harlot, courtesan
merito adv rightly; according to merit, deservedly, justly
meritum, -i n (n) merit; desert, reward, punishment, benefit, value
mergo, mergere, mersi, mersum vb tr to submerge; to drown, to sink, to dip in, to cover
merx, mercis n (f) merchandise, wares, goods, thing
mercemonium, -ii n (n) merchandise
mercenarius, -ii n (m) hired worker; mercenary
merces, -edis n (f) payment; wages, bribe, punishment, cost, rent, interest
-met enclitic emphatic particle -self, -selves
metallum, -i n (n) metal; mine, material
metior, metiri, mensus vb dep to measure; to mete out, to traverse, to judge
dimensio, -onis n (f) dimension; measuring, axis of the earth
immensus, -a, -um adj immense; immeasurable, endless
mensa, -ae n (f) table, meal; market-stand, food, course, guests, counter
mensura, -ae n (f) measure; measuring, quantity, proportion, extent, degree
mensuro, -are, mensuravi, mensuratum vb tr to measure; to estimate
nimis adv very much; too much, exceedingly
nimium adv very much; too much, too, exceedingly
nimius, -a, -um adj excessive; too much, too mighty, very great
metrum, -i n (n) metre; measure
metricus, -a, -um adj metrical; relating to measure
metus, -us n (m) fear, dread, anxiety, awe
metuo, metuere, metui, vb tr and intr to fear; to hesitate, to not wish, to be afraid, to revere
mico, micare, micui, vb intr to glitter; to vibrate, to tremble, to flash, to shine
dimico, dimicare, dimicui, dimicatum vb tr to battle; to fight, to struggle
migro, migrare, migravi, migratum vb tr and intr to depart; to migrate, to change, to transport, to transfer
transmigratio, -onis n (f) emigration; transmigration
mille, milia adj num thousand
miliarium, -ii n (n) mile; thousand
millenarius, -a, -um adj containing one thousand
millesimus, -a, -um adj thousandth 37
minae, -arum n (f) threats; projecting points of a wall, menace
comminatio, -onis n (f) threat; threatening, menacing
eminens, -entis adj eminent; prominent, lofty
minor, minari, minatus vb dep to threaten; to just forth, to project, menace
minister, ministri n (m) minister; attendant, waiter, assistant, servant
administratio, -onis n (f) administration; aid, assistance, direction, ministry
administro, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to administer; to aid, to assist, to serve, to guide, to do
ministerium, -ii n (n) ministry; office of a minister, occupation, administration
ministro, ministrare, ministravi, ministratum vb tr to serve; to attend, to wait upon, to manage, to supply
mirus, -a, -um adj wondrous; marvelous, astonishing
admirabilis, -e adj marvelous; admirable, wonderful, astonishing, rare
admiror, admirari, admiratus vb dep to wonder at; to admire, to gaze at, to desire
mirabile, -is n (n) miracle; wondrous deed
mirabilis, -e adj marvelous; wonderful, strange, glorious, miraculous
mirabiliter adv marvellously; wonderfully, surprisingly
miraculose adv miraculously
miraculum, -i n (n) miracle; wonder, marvel, wonderfulness, marvelousness
miror, mirari, miratus vb tr and intr to wonder, to wonder at; to be amazed, to admire
nimirum adv without doubt
misceo, miscere, miscui, mixtum vb tr to mix; to have sex, to intermarry, to unite, to disturb
commisceo, -miscere, -miscui, -mixtum vb tr to mix together; to unite, to join, to produce by mingling
miser, misera, miserum adj wretched; miserable, lamentable, ill, bad
miserabilis, -e adj pitiable; miserable, wretched
miseria, -ae n (f) misery; wretchedness, affliction, trouble
misericordia, -ae n (f) mercy; pity, wretchedness
misericorditer adv mercifully; pitifully
misericors, -ordis adj merciful; pitiful
miseror, miserari, miseratus vb dep to pity (with gen); to lament
mitis, -e adj soft; mild, ripe, calm, mellow, gentle
mitigo, mitigare, mitigavi, mitigatum vb tr to soften; to make ripe, to tame, to soothe, to mitigate
mitto, mittere, misi, missum vb tr to send; announce, to furnish, to dismiss, to omit, to quit
admitto, admittere, admisi, admissum vb tr to admit; to send to, to permit, to grant, to commit
amitto, amittere, amisi, amissum vb tr to lose; to send away, to dismiss, to let slip
committo, -mittere, -misi, -missum vb tr to commit, to entrust; to join, to unite, to compare
dimitto, dimittere, dimisi, dimissum vb tr to abandon, to dismiss, to leave behind; to send apart
immitto, immittere, immisi, immissum vb tr to send against; to send into, to introduce, to let loose
intermissio, -onis n (f) pause; intermission, neglecting
intromitto, -mittere, intromisi, intromissus vb tr to send in; to let in, to introduce
omitto, omittere, omisi, omissum vb tr to omit; to let go, to dismiss, to neglect, to cease
permitto, permittere, permisi, permissum vb tr to permit; to let go through, to export, to entrust
praemissus, -a, -um adj sent beforehand; aforesaid
promissio, -onis n (f) promise; promising
promitto, promittere, promisi, promissum vb tr to promise; to send forth, to prophesy, to vow
remissio, -onis n (f) forgiveness; sending back, relaxing, recreation, mildness
remitto, remittere, remisi, remissum vb tr to remit; to send back, to yield, to dismiss, to relax
transmitto, -ere, transmisi, transmissum vb tr to send; to transmit, to transfer, to allow to pass, to pass
modus, -i n (m) manner, way; measure, rhythm, limit
accommodate adv fittingly; agreeably 38
accommodo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to accommodate; to fit to, to prepare for, to adjust, to apply
commodo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to adjust to; to accommodate, to lend, to grant, to please
commodus, -a, -um adj suitable; advantageous, convenient, accommodating
commode adv properly; conveniently, pleasantly, just in time
incommodum, -i n (n) ailment, problem; inconvenience, injury, misfortune
modero, moderare, moderavi, moderatum vb tr to moderate
moderor, moderari, moderatus vb dep to govern; to set bounds, to moderate to manage
modestia, -ae n (f) moderation; modesty, sobriety, shame, dignity, propriety
modicus, -a, -um adj moderate; little, meddling, ordinary, mean, bad
modo adv and conj now; merely, only, if only, provided that
modulus, -i n (m) little measure; measure, module, rhythm, melody
moenia, -orum n (n) walls; walled city
communico, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to communicate; to share, to unite, to join with, to defile
communio, -ire, -ivi, -itum vb tr to fortify; to barricade, to strengthen
communio, -onis n (f) communion; mutual participation
communis, -e adj common; general, universal
communitas, -atis n (f) community; comune (Italy), fellowship, courtesy
communiter adv in common; together, generally
excommunico, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to excommunicate
munio, munire, munivi, munitum vb tr to defend; to build a wall, to guard, to strengthen
praemunio, -ire, praemunivi, praemunitum vb tr to protect; to defend in front, to strengthen
molestus, -a, -um adj annoying; troublesome, affected, difficult, dangerous
molestia, -ae n (f) nuisance; trouble, annoyance, disgust, affectation
mollis, -e adj soft, pliant, delicate, pleasant, weak, untrustworthy
mollitia, -ae n (f) and mollities, -iei n (f) softness; pliability, weakness, effeminacy
molo, molere, molui, molitum vb tr to grind, to mill
molendinum, -i n (n) mill
moneo, monere, monui, monitum vb tr to warn; to remind, to teach, to tell, to predict
admoneo, admonere, admonui, admonitum vb tr to warn; to remind, to incite
admonitio, -onis n (f) warning; reminding suggestion, admonition, correction
commoneo, -ere, -ui, -itum vb tr to warn; to remind
monitor, -oris n (m) one who reminds; admonisher, counselor, overseer
moneta, -ae n (f) coin; mint, stamp
mons, montis n (m) mountain
montanus, -a, -um adj mountainous
monstro, monstare, monstravi, monstratum vb tr to show; to teach, to tell, to appoint, to accuse, to advise
monstrum, -i n (n) monster; evil omen, monstrosity, prodigies
monstruosus, -a, -um adj monstrous
praemonstro, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to show beforehand; to prefigure, to predict
mora, -ae n (f) delay; pause, hindrance, space of time
demoror, demorari, demoratus vb dep to linger; to detain
immoror, immorari, immoratus vb dep to delay; to tarry in, to stay at
moror, morari, moratus vb dep to stay; to delay, to hinder
morbus, -i n (m) sickness; disorder, disease, fault, vice, grief
mors, mortis n (f) death; corpse
immortalis, -e adj immortal; eternal, exceedingly happy
immortalitas, -atis n (f) immortality; undying fame, blessedness
morior, mori, mortuus vb dep to die
mortalis, -e adj mortal; subject to death, human, temporary
mortifer or mortiferus, -a, -um adj fatal; death-bringing
mos, moris n (m) manner, custom; quality, precept, pl character
moveo, movere, movi, motum vb tr and intr to move; to disturb, to remove, to excite 39
amoveo, amovere, amovi, amotum vb tr to remove; to steal, to banish
commoveo, -movere, -movi, -motum vb tr to excite
immobilis, -e adj motionless; immovable, unalterable
mobilitas, -atis n (f) mobility; moveability, speed, fickleness, vivacity
momentum, -i n (n) movement; that which moves scales, moment, influence
motus, -us n (m) motion; movement, stage of growth, passion, commotion
permotus, -a, -um adj deeply moved
permoveo, permovere, permovi, permotum vb tr to move deeply; to shake up, to excite, to influence
removeo, removere, removi, remotum vb tr to remove; to move back, to subtract
mox adv soon; afterwards, then
mulier, -eris n (f) woman, wife; female, coward
muliebris, -e adj womanly; female, feminine, effeminate
muliebrius, -a, -um adj womanly; womanish
multus, -a, um adj much, many; great
multiplex, -icis adj manifold; numerous, various, labyrinthine
multiplicatio, -onis n (f) multiplication; multiplying
multiplico, -are, multiplicavi, multiplicatum vb tr to multiply; to increase, to augment
multitudo, -inis n (f) multitude; great number, crowd, plural
multivagus, -a, -um adj far-wandering
multo adv much; by much, by far, long, very
multum adv much; greatly, often, far
plurimum adv superl very much; exceedingly, usually
plurimus, -a, -um adj superl very many, very much
plus adv compar more
plus (n sing); plures, plura (pl) adj compar more, (pl) several
mundus, -a, -um adj clean; neat, elegant, fine, free from sin
immundus, -a, -um adj dirty; unclean
mundifico, -are, mundificavi, mundificatum vb tr to make clean
permundo, -are, permundavi, permundatum vb tr to cleanse
mundus, -i n (m) the world; toilet ornaments, implement, universe, earth
mundanus, -a, -um adj earthly; worldly, mundane
munus, -eris n (n) office, gift; duty, tribute, work, service, spectacle
munero, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr (also dep) to reward; to give, to render
murmuro, -are, murmuravi, murmuratum vb tr and intr to mutter; to murmur, to rumble, to grumble
murmuratio, -onis n (f) muttering; murmuring, crying
mussito, -are, mussitavi, mussitatum vb tr and intr to mutter; to be silent, to grumble
mutus, -a, -um adj mute; dumb, silent, still
muto, mutare, mutavi, mutatum vb tr and intr to change; to move, to alter, to exchange, to abandon
commuto, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to alter wholly; to share, to change, to exchange
incommutabilis, -e adj unchangeable
mutabilis, -e adj mutable; changeable
mutabilitas, -atis n (f) mutability; changeableness
mutuus, -a, -um adj mutual; borrowed, lent, reciprocal
permuto, -are, permutavi, permutatum vb tr to change; to alter completely, to exchange, to buy
transmuto, -are, transmutavi, transmutatum vb tr to change; to transfer
nam conj (1st position) for; on the other hand, but
enim conj postpositive for; indeed, for instance
etenim conj and indeed; since
namque (nanque) conj postpositive for; for indeed
nempe adv indeed; certainly, obviously
narro, narrare, narravi, narratum vb tr to tell; to relate, to explain, to say, to dedicate
enarro, enarrare, enarravi, enarratum vb tr to relate; to explain in detail 40
navis, -is n (f) ship
nato, natare, natavi, natatum vb tr and intr to swim; to float, to overflow with, to waver
nauta, -ae n (m) sailor
navale, -is n (n) shipyard; dock, rigging
navicula, -ae n (f) little ship; boat, skiff
navigium, -ii n (n) ship; vessel, boat, raft, sailing, navigation
navigo, navigare, navigavi, navigatum vb tr and to sail; to go by sea, to navigate, to swim, to flow
intr to swim, to float, to flow
no, nare, navi, vb intr
ne conj (introduces various clauses) (fearing) that, (negative direct or indirect command)
do not or that not, (negative purpose) in order that not
abnego, abnegare, abnegavi, abnegatum vb tr to deny, to say that . . . not (with indirect speech)
denegatio, -onis n (f) denial
denego, denegare, denegavi, denegatum vb tr to deny; to say that . . . not (with indirect speech)
-ne particle enclitic introduces a question
ne . . . quidem adv not even ( . . . )
nec (neque) conj nor, and not
nec (neque) . . . nec (neque) conj neither . . . nor
necnon conj and also; likewise
nego, negare, negavi, negatum vb tr to deny; to say no, to refuse
nequaquam adv in no way
nihil (nil) pron indecl and adverb nothing; not at all, in vain, for no reason
nihilum, -i pron (n) nothing
nihilominus adv nevertheless; by no means
non adv not
necto, nectere, nexui or nexi, nexum vb tr to bind, to connect, to confine, to oblige
nexus, -us n (m) bond; binding, interlacing, obligation
nepos, -otis n (m) grandson; nephew, descendant, favourite, prodigal
neptis, -is n (f) niece; granddaughter
nervus, -i n (m) muscle; sinew, tendon, nerve, string, bow, prison, vigor
enervis, -e adj weak; nerveless, effeminate
nex, necis n (f) murder; violent death, death, destruction
neco, necare, necavi, necatum vb tr to kill; to kill, to destroy, to thwart
pernicies, -iei n (f) ruin; death
niteo, nitere, , vb intr to shine; to glitter, to thrive, to look beautiful
nitor, niti, nisus or nixus vb dep to bear upon, to advance, to strive, to argue, to rely upon
nisus, -us n (m) effort; pressing against, pressure, labour, striving
nix, nivis n (f) snow; whiteness
no, nare, navi, vb intr to swim, to float
supernato, -are, supernatavi, supernatatum vb intr to float
nobilis, -e adj noble; known, knowable, famous, high-born, excellent
ignobilis, -e adj ignoble; unknown, not renowned, low-born
nobilitas, -atis n (f) nobility; renown, high birth, excellence
noceo, nocere, nocui, nocitum vb intr to harm (with dat); to hurt, to injure
innocens, -entis adj virtuous; harmless, innocent
innocentia, -ae n (f) innocence; harmlessness, uprightness, innocent persons
innoxius, -a, -um adj harmless; innocent, unharmed
noxius, -a, -um adj harmful; hurtful, noxious, guilty
obnoxius, -a, -um adj liable; punishable, subject, obedient, obliged, servile
nodus, -i n (m) knot; girdle, bond, knotty point, difficulty
enodo, enodare, enodavi, enodatum vb tr to unknot; to unstring, to explain
nomen, -inis n (m) name; appellation, title, noun, claim, debt, repute, excuse
cognomen, -inis n (n) surname; name added to the nomen, epithet, name
cognomino, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to name; to surname 41
ignominia, -ae n (f) disgrace
nomino, nominare, nominavi, nominatum vb tr to name; to render famous, to nominate, to accuse
nuncupo, -are, nuncupavi, nuncupatum vb tr to name; to appoint, to announce, to vow
praenominatus, -a, -um adj aforenamed
norma, -ae n (f) square, rule, pattern, precept
enormis, -e adj excessive; out of rule, irregular
enormitas, -atis n (f) enormity; irregularity
nos, nostri pron pers (1st pers pl) we
noster, nostra, nostrum adj poss (1st pers pl) our
nosco, noscere, novi, notum vb tr to learn; to come to know, to recognize
agnosco, agnoscere, agnovi, agnotum vb tr to recognize; to know well, to declare, to acknowledge
cognatus, -a, -um adj related
cognosco, cognoscere, cognovi, cognitum vb tr (present) to learn, to recognize, (perfect) to know
denoto, denotare, denotavi, denotatum vb tr to denote; to scandalize
dinosco, dinoscere, dinovi, dinotum to distinguish
ignarus, -a, -um adj ignorant, unaware; unmindful
ignavia, -ae n (f) laziness; cowardice, worthlessness, weakness
ignorantia, -ae n (f) ignorance
ignoro, ignorare, ignoravi, ignoratum vb tr and intr to not know; to misunderstand, to ignore
ignosco, ignoscere, ignovi, ignotum vb tr to pardon
innotesco, innotescere, innotui, vb intr to become known; to become clear
notabilis, -e adj notable; distinguished, infamous, discernible, marked
notitia, -ae n (f) notice; celebrity, acquaintance with, knowledge
noto, notare, notavi, notatum vb tr to note; to mark, to write, to remark, to denote
notorius, -a, -um adj notorious; pointing out
novi, novisse, notum vb defective to know
recognosco, -ere, recognovi, recognotum vb tr to recognize
novem adj indec num nine
nonaginta adj indec num ninety
nongentesimus, -a, -um adj num nine-hundredth
nongenti, -ae, -a adj num nine-hundred
nonus, -a, -um adj num ninth
novus, -a, -um adj new; young, fresh, recent, strange
denuo adv again; afresh, a second time, once more
novitas, -atis n (f) newness; novelty, rareness, strangeness, reformation
noviter adv newly
nuper adv recently; newly, not long ago, in modern times, formerly
renovo, renovare, renovavi, renovatum vb tr to restore; to restore, to repeat, to refresh, to revive
nox, noctis n (f) night; nightwork, sleep, dream, death, darkness, blindness
noctu adv at night
nocturnus, -a, -um adj nocturnal
nubes, -is n (f) cloud; dark spot, swarm, phantom, gloom, obscurity
nebula, -ae n (f) cloud; mist, fog, vapour, smoke, thin substance, obscurity
nubo, nubere, nupsi, nuptum vb tr to marry; to veil ones self
nuptiae, -arum n (f) marriage; wedding, sexual intercourse
nudus, -a, -um adj naked; unclothed, exposed, stripped, destitute, pure
num adv int particle expecting negative answer
numquid adv int particle expecting negative answer
numerus, -i n (m) number; dice, rank, member, rhythm, measure, verse
dinumero, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to count; to enumerate, to pay out
enumero, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to enumerate; to reckon up, to count out, to relate
innumerabilis, -e adj innumerable
innumerus, -a, -um adj innumerable; without metre
numero, numerare, numeravi, numeratum vb tr to number; to count, to pay, to reckon, to esteem
42
nummus, -i n (m) money; coin
nunc adv now; at this time, at that time, but now, in that case
nuntium, -ii n (n) message; announcement, news
annuntio, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to announce; to make known, to relate, to preach
nuntio, nuntiare, nuntiavi, nuntiatum vb tr to announce; to make known, to inform, to denounce
nuntius, -ii n (m) messenger; reporter, courier
praenuntio, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to announce beforehand; to foretell, to predict
pronuntio, -are, pronuntiavi, pronuntiatum vb tr to proclaim; to announce, to publish, to appoint, to tell
renuntio, renuntiare, renuntiavi, renuntiatum vb tr to announce; to renounce
nutus, -us n (m) nod, gravity, command, will
annuo, annuere, annui, annutum vb intr to nod in approval; to approve, to allow, to promise
innuo, innuere, innui, innutum vb intr to nod to; to hint
ob prep (with acc) on account of; towards, in front of, instead of
obliviscor, oblivisci, oblitus vb dep to forget (with gen)
oblivio, -onis n (f) forgetfulness; oblivion
obscurus, -a, -um adj obscure; dark, shady, unseen, intricate, unknown, secret
oceanus, -i n (m) Ocean
octo adj indec num eight
octava, -ae n (f) day after a feast day; eighth day of a week of celebration
octavus, -a, -um adj num eighth
octogesimus, -a, -um adj num eightieth
octoginta adj indec num eighty
odi, odisse, osum vb def to hate; to dislike
odium, -ii n (n) hatred; grudge, aversion, offence, disgust, insolence
odor, -oris n (m) odour, scent, perfume, spice, stench, stink, hint
odoramentum, -i n (n) smell; perfume, spice
oeconomica, -ae n (f) economics; management of household affairs
oeconomus, -i n (m) steward; overseer
omnis, -e adj all (pl), every (sing)-198
omnino adv entirely; at all, altogether, by all means, in general
onus, -eris n (n) load, burden, cargo, foetus, excrements, tax, trouble
onero, onerare, oneravi, oneratum vb tr to burden; to load, to oppress, to aggravate, to heap up
onustus, -a, -um adj laden; full, satisfied, burdened
opinor, opinari, opinatus vb dep to imagine; to conjecture, to believe
opinio, -onis n (f) opinion; conjecture, imagination, esteem
oppidum, -i n (n) town, inhabitants of a town, fortified woods
oppidulum, -i n (n) little town
ops, opis n (f) wealth; power, ability, property, influence, aid
copia, -ae n (f) copy; wealth, abundance, ability, access, (military) forces
inopia, -ae n (f) lack, poverty; scarcity, helplessness
inops, -opis adj helpless, poor; wretched, meagre
opitulor, opitulari, opitulatus vb dep to help (with dat)
opulentus, -a, -um adj rich; splendid, noble
opto, optare, optavi, optatum vb tr to hope; to choose, to wish for
opus, -eris n (n) work, deed; labour, result of labour, book
opera, -ae n (f) work, service, care, attention, means
opero, operare, operavi, operatum vb tr (also dep) to work; to be busied, to serve gods, to be effective
oportet, oportere, oportuit, vb impers to be necessary, to be appropriate; ought
opus est idiom (dat) has need of (with nom or abl)
opusculum, -i n (n) little work
orbis, -is n (m) world; ring, circle, circuit, encyclopedia, rotundity, cycle
exorbito, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr and intr to deviate; to go off track
ordo, -inis n (m) order; regular series, row, rank, troop, command 43
exordium, -ii n (n) beginning; preface, exordium
ordinatio, -onis n (f) decree; arranging, order, regulation, ordering, ordination
ordino, ordinare, ordinavi, ordinatus vb tr to ordain, to arrange; to draw up for battle, to rule
orior, oriri, ortus vb dep to rise, to be born; to get up, to come forth, to appear
exortus, -us n (m) rising
oborior, oboriri, obortus vb dep to arise; to appear, to spring up
oriens, -entis n (m) East; rising sun
orientalis, -e adj Eastern
originalis, -e adj original; primitive
origo, -inis n (f) origin; source, lineage, race, ancestor
oriundus, -a, -um adj originating from; descended, sprung, born
ortus, -us n (m) ancestry, rising; origin
orno, ornare, ornavi, ornatum vb tr to decorate; to fit out, to equip, to adorn, to praise
ornamentum, -i n (n) decoration; equipment, distinction, attire
ornatus, -us n (m) decoration; preparing, attire, accoutrements
os, oris n (n) mouth, face
coram adv and prep (with dat) in front of; in ones presence
deosculor, deosculari, deosculatus vb dep to kiss; to praise highly
orificium, -ii n (n) opening
osculor, osculari, osculatus vb tr to kiss; to value
osculum, -i n (n) kiss, lip; little mouth
ostium, -ii n (n) door; mouth, entrance
otium, -ii n (n) leisure, freedom from business, ease, fruit of leisure, rest
negotiator, -oris n (m) merchant; banker, trader, agent
negotiatio, -onis n (f) business; banking, wholesale, traffic
negotium, -ii n (n) business; affair, difficulty, matter
otiositas, -atis n (f) idleness; leisure, writing composed during leisure
paene adv almost
penuria, -ae n (f) need; scarcity
palam adv and prep (with abl) openly, publicly, before, in the presence of
propalo, propalare, propalavi, propalatum vb tr to make public; to explain
palatium, -ii n (n) palace; Palatine hill, temple
pallium, -ii n (n) cloak; covering, pall, curtain, mantle, toga, philosophic
habit
pando, pandere, pandi, passum vb tr to spread out, to expand, to dry, to open, to unfold
passagium, -ii n (n) tax for passage; passage
passus, -us n (m) step; pace, footstep, track
pango, pangere, panxi, panctum or (pe)pegi, pactum vb tr to compose; to fasten, to drive in, to set, to settle
compingo, compingere, compegi, compactum vb tr to shut in; to join, to compose, to conceal
impingo, impingere, impegi, impactum vb tr to strike; to press upon, to force to
pannus, -i n (m) cloth; garment, rag, head-band, swaddling-clothes
par, paris adj equal; of the same age, proper, companion, pair
compar, comparis adj comparison; contention, relation, agreement
comparatio, -onis n (f) equal; companion, beloved
comparo, -are, comparavi, comparatum vb tr to compare; to pair, to match, to consider, to agree
parifico, parificare, parificavi, parificatum vb tr to make equal
pariter adv together; equally, at the same time, likewise, also
parco, parcere, peperci, parsus vb tr and intr to spare (with dat); to abstain, to cease
parce adv sparingly; penuriously, moderately, seldom 44
pareo, parere, parui, paritum vb intr and impers to appear, to be clear, to yield (with dat); to obey
appareo, apperere, apparui, apparitum vb intr to appear; to attend
dispareo, disparere, disparui, disparitum vb intr to disappear
paries, -etis n (m) wall; partition, rampart
pario, parere, peperi, partum vb tr to give birth to; to beget, to produce, to create, to acquire
aperio, aperire, aperui, apertum vb tr to open, to reveal; to explain, to prove
comperio, comperire, comperi, compertum vb tr to discover; to learn
operio, operire, operivi, operitum vb tr to cover; to bury, to shut, to hide, to atone for
parens, -entis n (m/f) parent; ancestor, father, founder, author
parentela, -ae n (f) parentage; relationship
partum, -i n (n) savings; gains
partus, -us n (m) birth; bearing, offspring
reperio, reperire, repperi, repertum vb tr to find; to find out, to obtain, to learn, to invent
paro, parare, paravi, paratum vb tr to prepare
apparatus, -us n (m) preparation; equipment, splendour, pomp
comparo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to acquire, to buy; to prepare, to arrange, to appoint
imperator, -oris n (m) emperor; general, commander, admiral, ruler
imperatorius, -a, -um adj imperial; generals
imperatrix, -icis n (f) empress; mistress
imperialis, -e adj imperial
imperiosus, -a, -um adj imperious; powerful, possessing of command, tyrannical
imperium, -ii n (n) empire, command; authority, order
impero, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr and intr to command (with dat); to give orders, to rule over
praeparo, -are, praeparavi, praeparatum vb tr to prepare; to equip, to provide for
reparatrix, -icis n (f) renewer; restorer
separo, separare, separavi, separatum vb tr to separate; to divide, to distinguish
pars, partis n (f) part, share, side, respect, direction, behalf; faction, lot
impertio, -ire, -ivi, -itum vb tr (also dep) to impart; to share, to communicate
particeps, -ipis adj sharing in; participant, partner, comrade
participo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr and intr to participate in; to impart, to inform, to share with
partim adv partly; chiefly, sometimes
parvus, -a, -um adj small; little, inconsiderable
comminuo, -uere, -ui, -utum vb tr to make small; to break apart, to lessen, to weaken
diminuo, diminuere, diminui, diminutum vb tr to diminish; to break into small pieces, to outrage
minime adv superl not at all; least of all, at least, not, no
minimus, -a, -um adj superl least, very small; smallest
minor, -us adj compar lesser, smaller, Franciscan (fratres minores)
minus adv compar less
minutus, -a, -um adj small; minute, miniature, insignificant
parum adv too little, very little
parvulus, -i n (m) small child
pasco, pascere, pavi, pastum vb tr and intr (also dep) to graze; to feed, to pasture, feast, to ravage
pastor, -oris n (m) pastor, shepherd
pateo, patere, patui, vb intr and impers to be open, to be clear; to be ready to hear, to be exposed
patefacio, patefacere, patefeci, patefactum vb tr to expose, to open; to disclose
patenter adv openly; clearly
patibulum, -i n (n) gibbet; forked prop for vines, wooden bar to fasten a door
patulus, -a, -um adj wide-open; broad, common
pater, patris n (m) father; head of household, forefather, God
impetro, impetrare, impetravi, impetratum vb tr to obtain (by request); to accomplish
parricida, -ae n (m/f) patricide; parricide, murder of a relative, murderer, traitor
paternitas, -atis n (f) paternity; fatherly care, descendants of one father
paternus, -a, -um adj paternal; fatherly, of ones native country 45
patria, -ae n (f) country; fatherland, home
patriarcha, -ae n (m) patriarch; chief bishop
patrocinium, -ii n (n) protection; patronage, defence
patrocinor, patrocinare, patrocinatus vb dep to protect; to support, to be patron to
patrona, -ae n (f) patroness; protector
patronus, -i n (m) protector; patron, advocate
perpetro, -are, perpetravi, perpetratum vb tr to perform, to perpetrate; to accomplish, to achieve
patior, pati, passus vb tr to suffer
compatior, compati, compassus vb dep to pity (with dat); to suffer with
passio, -onis n (f) passion (suffering), passion (emotion); event
patienter adv patiently
patientia, -ae n (f) patience; suffering, endurance, indulgence, indolence
paucus, -a, -um adj few; little
paulo adv a little; somewhat
paululum adv for a little while; a very little, somewhat
pauper, -eris n (m) poor man
pauperculus, -a, -um adj poor
paupertas, -atis n (f) poverty; moderate circumstances, need
perpaucus, -a, -um adj very few
praepaucus, -a, -um adj very few
paveo, pavere, pavui, pavitum vb tr and intr to quake; to be struck with fear, to fear
impavidus, -a, -um adj unafraid
pavor, -oris n (m) fear; trembling
pax, pacis n (f) peace; treaty of peace, pardon, empire, rest, death
pacifice adv peacefully
pacifico, pacificare, pacificavi, pacificatum vb tr to pacify; to make a peace, to soothe, to appease
pactio, -onis n (f) agreement; agreeing, corrupt bargaining, truce, contract
pactum, -i n (n) agreement; contract, pact
pecu, -us n (n) cattle; pastures, money
pecunia, -ae n (f) money; property, wealth, copper coins
pecus, -oris n (n) cattle; herd
pecus, -udis n (m) cattle; beast, brute animal, head of cattle
pelagus, -i n (n) sea; the main, immense extent
pello, pellere, pepuli, pulsum vb tr to push; to strike, to expel, to rout, to affect, to conquer
appello, appellare, appellavi, appellatus vb tr to call; to entreat, to address, to accuse, to accost
appellatio, -onis n (f) title; address, appeal, naming, pronunciation, substantive
compello, compellere, compuli, compulsum vb tr to compel; to drive together, to collect, to press together
expello, expellere, expuli, expulsum vb tr to expel; to drive away, to eject, to force out
impello, impellere, impuli, impulsum vb tr to push; to strike, to impel, to persuade, to destroy
pulso, pulsare, pulsavi, pulsatum vb tr to knock; to strike, to beat, to urge, to disturb, to attack
pendo, pendere, pependi, pensum vb tr and intr to hang; to suspend, to weigh, to pay, to consider
dependeo, dependere, , vb intr to hang; to be dependent on; to be derived from
dispendium, -ii n (n) expense; cost, loss
dispensatio, -onis n (f) dispensation; economic management, stewardship
dispenso, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to dispense; to pay out, to manage, to regulate
expensum, -i n (n) payment of a debt; money paid
impendo, impendere, impendi, impensum vb to expend; to weigh out, to employ
parvipendo, -ere, parvipependi, parvipensum vb tr to think little of
rependo, rependere, rependi, repensum vb tr to repay; to pay in return
suspendo, suspendere, suspensi, suspensum vb tr to hang; to dedicate, to support, to suspend
46
vilipendo, vilipendere, , vb tr to despise; to hold in slight esteem
penetro, penetrare, penetravi, penetratum vb tr and intr to penetrate; to put into, to enter, to pierce
penetratio, -onis n (f) penetration; piercing
penitus adv entirely; inwardly, deeply
per prep (with acc) through, about, by (agent, means, or locative),
during, in, in the name of, into, over, per
peritus, -a, -um adj skilled; experienced,
experior, experiri, expertus vb dep to test, to try in court; to know by experience, to attempt
imperitus, -a, -um adj unskilled; inexperienced, ignorant
periclitor, periclitari, periclitus vb dep to be in danger; to try, to prove, to endanger
periculum, -i n (n) danger; trail, proof, attempt, risk, sentence, sickness, ruin
peritia, -ae n (f) skill; knowledge, experience
pes, pedis n (m) foot; soil, stalk measure
expedio, expedire, expedivi, expeditum vb tr to be expedient, to obtain; to set free, to prepare
expeditio, -onis n (f) campaign; developing, removing, arranging
expeditus, -i n (m) light-armed soldier
impedimentum, -i n (n) impediment; that which is entangled, luggage
impedio, impedire, impedivi, impeditum vb tr to impede; to tangle,to shackle, to embrace, to embarrass
pedes, -itis n (m) foot soldier, infantry; one that goes on foot
pestis, -is plague, pest, destruction death
pestiferus, -a, -um adj destructive; bringing pestilence
petia or pecia, -ae n (f) piece
peto, petere, peti(v)i, petitum vb tr to ask, to ask for, to seek, to demand, to beg; to attack
appetitus, -us n (m) appetite
appeto, appetere, appetivi, appetitum vb tr to desire
competo, -ere, -i(v)i, -itum vb intr to be appropriate to (with dat), to agree
impetuose adv impetuously; violently
impetus, -us n (m) attack; impulse, violence, passion
perpetuo adv forever; constantly, utterly
perpetuus, -a, -um adj everlasting; continuous, constant, universal, whole
petitio, -onis n (f) request; attack, application, candidacy, claim
petulantia, -ae n (f) petulance; sauciness, carelessness, viciousness, luxuriance
propitius, -a, -um adj propitious; favourable
repeto, repetere, repetivi, repetitum vb tr to attack again; to return to, to take back, to repeat
petra, -ae n (f) rock
phantasma, -atis n (n) phantasm; idea
phlegma, -atis n (n) phlegm
pilo, pilare pilavi, pilatum vb tr to grow hairy, to deprive of hair, to pluck, to plunder
compilator, -oris n (m) compiler
pingo, pingere, pinxi, pinctum vb tr to paint; to represent pictorially, to adorn, to colour
pictorius, -a, -um adj pictorial
pictura, -ae n (f) picture; painting, portrait
pius, -a, -um adj pious; dutiful, devout, loyal, patriotic, honest, kind
impius, -a, -um adj wicked; impious, not respecting God, parents or country
pietas, -atis n (f) piety; conscientiousness, duty, justice, kindness
piger, pigra, pigrum adj lazy; unwilling, backward, slow, sluggish, dull
pignus, -oris n (n) pledge; security, mortgage, wager, proof, children
pinguis, -e adj fat; rich, fertile, plump, thick, bland, stupid, stout, calm
impinguatio, -onis n (f) fattening 47
impinguo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr and intr to fatten; to become fat
placeo, placere, placui, placitum vb intr and impers to be pleasing to (with dat); to flatter, to seem right
complaceo, -ere, -ui, -itum vb intr to please (with dat);
displiceo, discplicere, displicui, displicitum vb intr to be displeasing; to be displeased
placabilis, -e adj placable; easily appeased, appeasing, acceptable
plango, plangere, planxi, planctum vb tr to bewail; to strike, to beat the breast in grief, to lament
plaga, -ae n (f) plague; misfortune, region, tract of land, strike, slaughter
planctus, -us n (m) lamentation; striking, banging, beating of the breast
planeta, -ae n (m) planet
planus, -a, um adj level; humble, plain, clear
plane adv certainly; evenly, simply, clearly, entirely, surely
explanatio, -onis n (f) explanation; articulation
plaudo, plaudere, plausi, plausum vb tr and intr to applaud; to clap, to strike, to approve
plebs, plebis n (f) common people; people, plebeians, multitude, populace
plebanus, -i n (m) secular priest
plecto, plectere, plexi or plexui, plexum vb tr to interweave
amplector, amplecti, amplexus vb dep to embrace; to encircle, to love
amplexor, amplexari, amplexatus vb dep to embrace; to wind around, to understand, to discuss
amplexus, -us n (m) embrace; encircling, surrounding, caress
complector, complecti, complectus vb dep to embrace; to entwine around, to seize, to understand
complexio, -onis n (f) combination; physical constitution, comprehension
plenus, -a, -um adj full; stout, pregnant, laden, entire, mature, complete
adimpleo, adimplere, adimplevi, adimpletum vb tr to fill; to fulfill, to perform
compleo, complere, complevi, completum vb tr to complete; to fill up, to man, to impregnate, to cover
completorium, -ii n (n) Compline
expleo, explere, explevi, expletum vb tr to fulfill; to fill up, complete, to sate, to unload
impleo, implere, implevi, impletum vb tr to fill, to fulfill; to fatten, to fill up
plene or plenarie adv fully; full, completely
plerumque adv generally; for the most part, very often
plerusque, pleraque, plerumque adj very many; most, all
repleo, replere, replevi, repletum vb tr to fill, to fulfill
supplementum, -i n (n) supplement; reinforcements
suppleo, supplere, supplevi, suppletum vb tr to make up for; to supply, to complete
plico, plicare, plicavi or plicui, plicatum or plicitum vb tr to fold
replico, replicare, replicavi, replicatum vb tr to repeat, to reply; to fold back, to unfold
ploro, plorare, ploravi, ploratum vb tr and intr to cry out, to weep aloud, to lament
explorator, -oris n (m) scout, spy; examiner
exploro, explorare, exploravi, exploratum vb tr to investigate; to search out, to examine, to reconnoitre
plumbum, -i n (n) lead; bullet, pipes, pencil, ruler
plumbeus, -a, -um adj leaden
pluvia, -ae n (f) rain; fall, shower, rain-water
pluvialis, -e adj rain-; rainy
poena, -ae n (f) punishment; compensation, penalty, hardship, suffering
impunitus, -a, -um adj unpunished; safe
punio, punire, punivi, punitum vb tr (also dep) to punish, to avenge
politica, -ae n (f) politics
metropolis, -is n (f) metropolis; mother-city
metropoliticus, -a, -um adj metropolitan 48
polleo, pollere, , vb intr to be powerful; to be able, to be valued, to be rich in
polliceor, polliceri, pollicitus vb dep to promise; to announce, to forebode
pomum, -i n (n) fruit; fruit-tree
pomiferus, -a, -um adj fruit-bearing
pondus, -eris n (n) weight, a pound, heaviness, burden, importance
ponderosus, -a, -um adj heavy; of great weight, significant
pono, ponere, posui, positum vb tr
antepono, -ponere, -posui, -positum vb tr
appono, apponere, apposui, appositum vb tr
compono, -ponere, -posui, -positum vb tr
compositio, -onis n (f)
compositor, -oris n (m)
depono, deponere, deposui, depositum vb tr
dispono, disponere, disposui, dispositum vb tr
dispositio, -onis n (f)
expono, exponere, exposui, expositum vb tr
expositio, -onis n (f)
impono, imponere, imposui, impositum vb tr
impositio, -onis n (f)
interpono, -ere, interposui, interpositum vb tr
oppono, opponere, opposui, oppositum vb tr
oppositio, -onis n (f)
oppositus, -a, -um adj
praepono, -ere, praeposui, praepositum vb tr
propono, proponere, proposui, propositum vb tr
propositum, -i n (n)
repono, reponere, reposui, respositum vb tr
suppono, supponere, supposui, suppositum vb tr
pons, pontis n (m)
populus, -i n (m)
publice adv
porto, portare, portavi, portatum vb tr
importabilis, -e adj
opportunitas, -atis n (f)
porta, -ae n (f)
porticus, -us n (m)
portus, -us n (m)
reporto, reportare, reportavi, reportatum vb tr
supportator, -oris n (m)
posco, poscere, poposci, vb tr
exposco, exposcere, expoposci, vb tr
postulo, postulare, postulavi, postulatum vb tr
post adv and prep (with acc)
postea adv
posterior, -ius adj
posteritas, -atis n (f)
posterus, -a, -um adj
postmodum adv
postpono, -ere, postposui, postpositum vb tr
postquam conj
postremo or postremum adv superl
to place; to set, to build, to appoint, to make, to propose
to place before; to set food before, to prefer
to apply, to set a table, to place near;to appoint,to add to
to compose, to construct, to settle; to unite, to join
composition; putting together, mixture, system, compact
writer; arranger, maker
to let drop, to put aside; to entrust, to lay down, to resign
to arrange, to decide, to appoint
arrangement; management
to explain; to set forth, to expose, to land, to propose
exposition; exposing, narration, definition, explanation
to place on; to embark, to impose, to inflict, to deceive
laying on; application
to intervene; to place between, to introduce, to meddle
to place before; to oppose, to pledge, to abandon
placing opposite; opposition
opposite; opposed to
to place before; to put in charge, to place upon, to prefer
to propose; to place before, to imagine, to expose, to say
purpose, proposition; setting forth, representation
to place back, to repose; to renew, to preserve, to put
to suppose, to expect; to put under, to substitute
bridge
people; populace, district, multitude, public
publicly; on behalf of the State, generally
to carry; to convey, to bring, to endure
unbearable; in supportable
opportunity; suitableness, advantage 49
gate; city-gate, passage, door
portico; colonnade, arcade, porch, entrance, shed
harbour; entrance, haven, house, warehouse
to carry back; to obtain, to report
supporter
to demand (with double acc); to ask for, to invoke, to bid
to demand, to request
to ask; to demand, to summon, to complain, to need
afterwards, after, behind; backwards, except
afterwards; thereafter, besides, then
later; latter, (subst) (m) posterity, (n) buttocks
posterity; future time, offspring, inferiority
later; coming after, next, future, (subst) (m) descendents
after a while; afterwards, presently
to postpone; to put after, to neglect
after; as soon as, when, since
finally; at last, last
potis, -e adj able, capable, possible
impos, -otis adj not in control of (with gen)
impossibilis, -e adj impossible
impotens, -entis adj not in control of (with gen); powerless, unbridled, violent
omnipotens, -entis adj Almighty; omnipotent
possessio, -onis n (f) possession; seizing, holding, property
possibilis, -e adj possible
possideo, possidere, possedi, possessum vb tr to possess; to have and hold, to occupy, to abide in
possum, posse, potui, vb irregular to be able to; can, to have influence, to have power
potens, -entis adj powerful; able, master of, fit for
potentia, -ae n (f) power; ability, authority
potestas, -atis n (f) power; ability, dominion, authority, right, effect, quality
potior, poti, potitus vb dep to obtain; to be master of
potissime adv superl especially; most of all
potius adv compar better, rather; more, preferably
praepotens, -entis adj very powerful
poto, potare, potavi, potatum vb tr and intr to drink, to give to drink
potaticus, -a, -um adj drinkers
potatio, -onis n (f) drinking
potator, -oris n (m) drinker
potiono, potionare, , potionatum vb tr to give a drink
potus, -us n (m) drink; drinking, cup, beverage
prae prep (with abl) before, in front of, on account of, than
praesto adv and quasi-adj with sum at hand; present, immediately
praeter adv and prep (with acc) except, beyond; against, more than
praeterea adv besides; beyond this, moreover, thereafter
praesepes, -is n (f) manger; stable, hut, dwelling, tavern, crib
50
praevaricatio, -onis n (f) transgression; deviation from duty
pravus, -a, -um adj perverse; crooked, irregular, vicious, deprave, faithless
pravitas, -atis n (f) perverseness; crookedness, irregularity, depravity
praetereo, -ire, praeteri(v)i, praeteritum vb tr to pass, to pass by; to escape, to omit, to neglect
prehendo, prehendere, prehendi, prehensum vb tr to grasp, to seize, to occupy, to reach
apprehendo, -hendere, -hendi, -hensum vb tr to seize; to allege, to understand, to obtain
apprehensio, -onis n (f) apprehension; seizing, understanding
comprehendo, -hendere, -hendi, -hensum vb tr to comprehend; to seize, to attack, to conceive to narrate
deprehendo, -hendere, -hendi, -hensum vb tr to take, to understand; to overtake, to find, to impede
praeda, -ae n (f) booty; spoils, plunder, pillage, prey, game
praedo, -onis n (m) robber; one who makes booty, plunderer
praedor, praedari, praedatus vb tr to rob; to make booty, to plunder, to spoil
reprehendo, -ere, reprehendi, reprehensum vb tr to blame; to seize, to restrain, to rebuke, to convict
premo, premere, pressi, pressum vb tr to press; to touch, to grasp, to oppress, to hide
depressio, -onis n (f) depression; pressing down
deprimo, deprimere, depressi, depressus vb tr to depress, to suppress; to sink deep, to disparage
exprimo, exprimere, expressi, expressum vb tr to express; to press out, to squeeze, to form, to imitate
impressio, -onis n (f) impression; attack, rough handling, squeezing, emphasis
opprimo, opprimere, oppessi, oppressum vb tr to oppress; to shut, to quash, to load, to seize, to bury
reprimo, reprimere, repressi, repressum vb tr to repress; to restrain
pretium, -ii n (n) price; money, wealth, worth, wages, reward
pretiosus, -a, -um adj precious; of great value, of great cost, dear, extravagant
primus, -a, -um adj superl first
imprimis adv especially, in the first place
primas, -atis adj principle; primatial, noble
primatia, -ae n (f) primacy; supremacy, nobility
primitus adv at first; originally, for the first time
primo adv first, at first; in the beginning
primogenitus, -a, -um adj first-born
primum adv first; at first, in the beginning
princeps, principis adj first; foremost, chief, noble
princeps, principis n (m) prince; first person, chief person, leader, superior, ruler
principalis, -e adj principal; first, original, primitive, chief, princely
principaliter adv principally; princely
principium, -ii n (n) beginning; origin, foundations, principles, founder
prior, prius adj compar former, previous, prior; better, superior, important
prior, -oris n (m) prior (monastic rank); ancestor, the ancients
priscus, -a, -um adj ancient; of former times, old, antique, venerable
pristinus, -a, -um adj former; original, pristine, just past, old-fashioned, early
prius adv beforehand; first, previously, formerly
priusquam conj before
privo, privare, privavi, privatum vb tr to rob; to release
privatus, -a, -um adj private; apart from the State, belonging to an individual
pro adv and prep (with abl) for, according to, as, in regard to, on account of; before
porro adv and conj further, far away; of old, henceforth, again, but, besides
pronus, -a, -um adj prone; bent forward, bent downward, setting, favourable
protinus adv immediately; onward, continuously
probo, probare, probavi, probatum vb tr to prove, to approve; to test, to represent
approbo, -are, approbavi, approbatum vb tr to approve; to prove, to render acceptable
51
improbo, -are, improbavi, improbatum vb tr to disapprove; to blame, to condemn, to reject
probabilis, -e adj probable; assumed proved, pleasing, good, fit
probitas, -atis n (f) probity; good conduct, honesty, modesty
reprobus, -a, -um adj false; base
procer, proceris or proceri n (m) noble; chief, foremost man
procul adv at a distance, far, remote, much inferior to
proculdubio adv without a doubt
procus, -i n (m) wooer; suitor
procax, -acis adj impudent; bold, wanton
prope adv and prep (with acc) near
appropinquo, -are, -avi, -atum vb intr to approach
propemodum adv almost; nearly, in like manner
propinquitas, -atis n (f) nearness; kinship, relationship, friendship
propinquo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr and intr to approach; to bring near
propinquus, -i n (m) relative
propter adv and prep (with acc) on account of; near, at hand, because of, through
propterea adv therefore
proximus, -a, -um adj superl next, very near; neighbouring, kin, most like, apt, fit
proximus, -i n (m) neighbour; fellow man, next of kin
properus, -a, -um adj quick
propere adv quickly
propero, -are, properavi, properatum vb tr and intr to hasten
proprius, -a, -um adj own; special, particular, proper, personal, perpetual
improprie adv improperly
proprie adv properly; specially, particularly, especially, individually
proprietas, -atis n (f) special characteristic; property, proper signification
prosapia, -ae n (f) lineage
protervus, -a, -um adj violent; bold, wanton
provincia, -ae n (f) province; official duty
pruna, -ae n (f) coal
pudor, -oris n (m) shame; modesty, disgrace, blush
repudio, repudiare, repudiavi, repudiatum vb tr to scorn; to divorce, to reject
puer, pueri n (m) boy; child, son, young man, bachelor
puella, -ae n (f) girl; daughter, maiden, sweetheart, young woman
puerilis, -e adj boyish; youthful, puerile, silly
pueritia, -ae n (f) childhood; boyhood, youth, innocence, beginning
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum adj beautiful; handsome, noble, glorious
pulchritudo, -inis n (f) beauty; excellence
pulvis, -eris n (m) dust; powder, arena, scene of action, toil
pungo, pungere, pupugi, punctum vb tr to prick; to puncture, to pierce, to poke, to sting, to vex
compunctio, -onis n (f) puncture; compunction, remorse
compungo, -pungere, -punxi, -punctum vb tr to prick; to pierce, to sting, to cause remorse
punctum, -i n (n) point; that which is pricked, puncture, instant
purus, -a, -um adj pure; clean, clear, bright, chaste, absolute
purgo, purgare, purgavi, purgatum vb tr to make clean, to heal; to purge, to remove, to excuse
purifico, purificare, purificavi, purificatum vb tr to purify; to atone
puritas, -atis n (f) purity; cleanness
pure and puriter adv purely; brightly, clearly, simply
putidus, -a, -um adj rotten; stinking, decaying, withered, unnatural
putredo, -inis n (f) rottenness; putridity, festering
puto, putare, putavi, putatum vb tr to think; to clean, to prune, to consider, to believe
computo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to compute; to reckon
computus, -i n (m) computus; computation
deputo, deputare, deputavi, deputatum vb tr to choose, to assign (to); to prune, to consider 52
disputatio, -onis n (f) disputation; computing
disputator, -oris n (m) disputator; disputer
disputo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr and intr to dispute; to calculate, to examine, to discuss
reputo, reputare, reputavi, reputatum vb tr to consider; to reckon, to impute
quattuor adj indec num four
quadragesima, -ae n (f) Lent
quadragesimus, -a, -um adj num fortieth
quadraginta adj indec num forty
quadrifarius, -a, -um adj four-fold
quadriga, -ae n (f) four-horse chariot; team of four, rapid course
quadringentesimus, -a, -um adj num four-hundredth
quadringenti, -ae, -a adj num four-hundred
quadrupes, -edis adj quadruped; having four feet, going on all fours
quartus, -a, -um adj num fourth
quater adv four times; a fourth time
quattuordecim adj indec num fourteen
quattuordecimus, -a, -um adj num fourteenth
quaero, quaerere, quaesivi, quaesitum vb tr
acquiro, acquirere, acquisivi, acquisitum vb tr
conquiro, conquirere, conquisivi, conquisitum vb tr
inquiro, inquirere, inquisivi, inquisitum vb tr
inquisitio, -onis n (f)
perquiro, perquirere, perquisivi, perquisitum vb tr
quaeso, quaesere, quaesivi, quaesitum vb tr
quaestio, -onis n (f)
quaestus, -us n (m)
requiro, requirere, requisivi, requisitum vb tr
requisitor, -oris n (m)
qualis, -e pron adj int and rel (correlative with talis)
qualiscumque, qualecumque adj rel and absolute
qualitas, -atis n (f)
qualiter adv int
quam adv int and rel (correlative with tam)
quamdiu adv int and rel
quamquam conj
quamvis adv rel and conj
quando adv int, rel and indef and conj
quandocumque adv rel and indef
quandoque adv rel and indef
quantus, -a, -um adj int and rel (correlative with tantus)
quantum and inquantum adv int and rel
quantum ad prep (with acc)
quantuslibet, -a-, -um- adj indef rel and absolute
quatio, quatere, , quassum vb tr
concutio, concutere, concussi, concussum vb tr
discutio, discutere, discussi, discussum vb tr
incutio, incutere, incussi, incussum vb tr
percutio, percutere, percussi, percussum vb tr
quasso, -are, quassavi, quassatum vb tr and intr
-que conj enclitic
queror, queri, questus vb dep
conqueror, conqueri, conquestus vb dep
querela, -ae n (f)
querimonia, -ae n (f)
qui, quae, quod adj int, rel & connecting, pron rel & conn.
cur adv int and rel
quapropter adv int and connecting rel
quare adv int and connecting rel
quatenus adv int and conj
quemadmodum adv int and conj
quicumque, quae-, quod- adj and pron indef rel
quidam, quaedam, quoddam adj and pron
quilibet, quaelibet, quodlibet adj and pron indef
quin conj
quinam, quaenam, quodnam pron int
quisque, quaeque, quodque adj indef
quod conj
quodammodo adv indef
quomodo adv int, rel and indef
quia conj
to seek; to obtain, to ask, to demand, to desire
to acquire; to get, to amass
to seek for; to acquire, to go in quest of, to seek carefully
to investigate, to ask, to search for
inquiry; searching for, examination
to investigate, to seek; to examine
to beg; to seek
question; seeking, inquisition, court, case, subject of case
profit; gaining, employment, advantage
to ask, to ask for, to need; to seek again
asker
of what sort; what kind of, as, such as, of such a sort
of whatever sort; any whatever
quality; property, condition
how; in what way or manner, just as
how, as, (compar) than, (with superl ) as . . . as possible
how long, as long as, until during
although
although; as you will, as possible, however much
when; at any time, since then, because
whenever; at some time or other
whenever; at some time, sometimes
how much, how great; as, as much as
to what extent, as much as, in as much as
regarding
as great as you please; however much
to shake, to disturb, to brandish, to strike 53
to strike together; to agitate, to disturb, to urge, to extort
to shatter, to strike; to scatter, to disperse
to instill; to strike against, to strike into, to inspire with
to strike; to kill, to stamp, to shock, to cheat
to shake; to shatter, to shake violently
and
to complain, to lament
to lament; to complain about
complaint; lullaby, plaint, disease
complaint
what, which, this, these, who, he, she it, they
why; for what reason, on account of which
why, therefore
why, therefore
how, how far, since, to the extant that, in order that, that
how, in what manner, just as, to the extent that
whichever, whatever, whoever; each, all
a certain, someone(s), something(s)
any; whichever, whatever, whoever, all and every
but that, (introducing clause of doubt) that; nay, rather
which exactly, what exactly
each; every, whosoever
because (also eo quod), the fact that, that
in a certain way
how, in which manner, even as, in whatever way
because, since, that
quidem and equidem adv postpositive indeed; too, however
ne . . . quidem adv not even . . .
quies, -etis n (f) rest; quiet, quiet life, peace, sleep, dream, death
acquiesco, -ere, acquievi, acquietum vb intr to become quiet; to repose, to submit to, to acquiesce to
quiete adv quietly; calmly
quietus, -a, -um adj quiet; calm, sleeping, quit (released from legal obligation)
quito, quitare, quitavi, quitatum vb tr to quit claim
requies, -etis n (f) rest; relaxation, repose, place of rest
requiesco, -ere, requievi, requietum vb tr and intr to rest; to repose, to find rest
tranquillitas, -atis n (f) tranquillity
tranquillus, -a, -um adj tranquil
quinque adj indec num five
quindecim adj indec num fifteen
quingenti, -ae, -um adj num five-hundred
quinquaginta adj indec num fifty
quinquennium, -ii n (n) five years
quintus, -a, -um adj num fifth; quintessence, essence
quis, quid pron int who, what
ecquid adv int perchance; whether
quid adv int why
quidni adv int why not
quippe adv and conj indeed; for, because, since
quippiam or quidpiam adv indef somewhat; a bit
quisnam, quaenam, quidnam pron int who exactly, what exactly
quisquam, quidquam or quicquam pron indef anyone, anything
quisque, quidque pron indef each; every, whosoever
quisquis, quidquid or quicquid pron rel indef whoever, whatever 54
quo adv int, rel and connecting to where, how, why, because, (for ut with compar) that
quoad adv rel and int and prep (with acc) how long; as long as, as far as, with respect to
quousque adv int and rel until; how long, how far, to what extent
utquid adv int why
quoque adv also; too, even
quot adv int and rel (correlative with tot) how many, as many as, as
quotie(n)s adv int and rel how often; how many times, whenever
quotienscumque adv rel how often so ever; whenever
quotus, -a, -um adj int which, what number; how many
radius, -ii n (m) ray; staff, rod, shuttle, sting, radius (bone)
rapio, rapere, rapui, raptum vb tr to seize, to pillage; , to snatch, to rape, to hasten
arripio, arripere, arripui, arreptum vb tr to seize; to accuse, to ridicule
corripio, corripere, corripui, correptum vb tr to rebuke, to seize; to rob, to accuse, to attack
diripio, diripere, diripui, direptum vb tr to tear apart; to plunder, to struggle, to snatch, to distract
eripio, eripere, eripui, ereptum vb tr to take by force, to rescue; to escape, to snatch away
rapina, -ae n (f) robbery; plunder, rapine
raptor, -oris n (f) thief; plunderer, abductor
raptus, -us n (m) carrying off by force; preying, robbing, abduction, rape
rarus, -a, -um adj rare; loose-knit, thin, scattered, few, uncommon
raro or rare or rariter adv rarely
recens, -entis adj recent, fresh; young, immediate, modern, vigorous
rego, regere, rexi, rectum vb tr to rule; to keep straight, to guide, to govern
correctio, -onis n (f) correction
corrigo, corrigere, correxi, correctum vb tr to correct; to make straight, to reform, to heal
dirigo, dirigere, direxi, directum vb tr to direct; to lay straight, to arrange
erga prep (with acc) towards; opposite to, against, in respect to
ergo adv therefore
erigo, erigere, erexi, erectum vb tr to raise; to erect, to build, to halt, to excite, to encourage
pergo, pergere, perrexi, perrectum vb tr and intr to proceed; to pursue, to wake up
porrectio, -onis n (f) extending; line segment, a straight line
porrigo, porrigere, porrexi, porrectum vb tr to extend; to stretch forth, to offer, to prolong, to reach
rectitudo, -inis n (f) straightness, uprightness
recte adv rightly; correctly, straight, well
rector, -oris n (m) ruler; helmsman, governor, teacher
rectus, -a, -um adj right, straight; proper, virtuous
regalis, -e adj royal; kingly, regal
regia, -ae n (f) palace; court, capital
regimen, -inis n (n) control, rule; guiding, government
regina, -ae n (f) queen; goddess, princess, noble woman, mistress
regio, -onis n (f) region; direction, boundary-line, limit, territory, province
regius, -a, -um adj royal; kingly, regal
regno, regnare, regnavi, regnatum vb tr and intr to rule; to be lord, to reign
regnum, -i n (n) kingdom, reign; kingship, sovereignty, tyranny, territory
regula, -ae n (f) rule; straight piece of wood, ruler, stick, model
regularis, -e adj regular, under monastic rule
regulatio, -onis n (f) regulation
regulo, regulare, , vb tr to regulate
rex, regis n (m) king
remus, -i n (m) oar 55
remex, -igis n (m) rower
remigium, -ii n (n) rowing; oars, rowers
triremis, -is n (f) trireme
reor, reri, ratus vb dep to think; to reckon, to judge
ratio, -onis n (f) reason, account, understanding, way; affair, relation
rationalis, -e adj rational; pertaining to accounts, dependable, syllogistic
rationalitas, -atis n (f) rationality; reasonableness
reatus, -us n (m) condition of being accused; criminal charge, guilt
reus, -i (m) guilty; defendant, debtor, criminal, culprit, prisoner
repentinus, -a, -um adj sudden; hasty, unexpected
repo, repere, repsi, reptum vb intr to creep, to crawl
surrepo, -ere, surrepsi, surreptum vb tr and intr to creep up; to creep under, to steal upon
res, rei n (f) thing, affair, fact, situation
respublica, reipublicae n (f) state; republic, government
retro adv backwards, to the rear; behind, formerly, on the contrary
rideo, ridere, risi, risum vb tr and intr to laugh; to smile, to smile at, to laugh at, to ridicule
irrideo, irridere, irrisi, irrisum vb tr to laugh at; to ridicule
surrideo, surridere, surrisi, surrisum vb intr to smile
rigidus, -a, -um adj rigid; stiff, hardy, rough, harsh, unpolished
ripa, -ae n (f) bank; shore
rivus, -i n (m) small stream; brook, gutter
rivulus, -i n (m) rivulet; small brook
robur, -oris n (n) strength; oak, hard-wood tree, hardness, authority
corroboratio, -onis n (f) corroboration; strengthening
rodo, rodere, rosi, rosum vb tr to gnaw, to bite, to erode, to slander
rostrum, -i n (n) beak; snout, muzzle, curved point, ships prow, Rostrum
rogo, rogare, rogavi, rogatum vb tr to ask; to question, to interrogate, to beg
interrogatio, -onis n (f) question; questioning, syllogism
interrogo, -are, interrogavi, interrogatum vb tr to ask; to interrogate, to reason syllogistically, to consult
rogus, -i n (m) pyre; funeral pile, grave
rota, -ae n (f) wheel; chariot, disk
roto, rotare, rotavi, rotatum vb tr to rotate; to spin, to revolve, to round
rotundus, -a, -um adj round; rotund, smooth
rudis, -e adj uncultivated; rough, wild, unpolished, ignorant
eruditio, -onis n (f) instruction; knowledge
eruditus, -a, -um adj learned; skilled
rumor, -oris n (m) rumour; common talk, hearsay, fame, reputation
rumpo, rumpere, rupi, ruptum vb tr to break, to burst; to violate, to annul
dirumpo, dirumpere, dirupi, diruptum vb tr to break apart; to sever, to burst
praeruptum, -i n (n) cliff; rugged place
prorumpo, prorumpere, prorupi, proruptum vb tr to burst forth
ruo, ruere, rui, rutum vb tr and intr to rush, to fall to ruin
corruo, corruere, corrui, corrutum vb tr and intr to fall; to cause to fall, to overthrow
eruo, eruere, erui, erutum vb tr to rescue; to throw out, to rot out, to destroy, to elicit
irruo, irruere, irrui, irrutum (inruo) vb intr to rush against; to invade, to attack, to seize upon
obruo, obruere, obrui, obrutum vb tr to crush; to overwhelm, to cover, to bury, to weigh down
rus, ruris n (n) country
ruralis, -e adj rural
rusticitas, -atis n (f) rusticity; rustic occupation, rustic behaviour
rusticus, -a, -um adj rustic; rural, simple, rough, coarse
rusticus, -i n (m) peasant; country person, rustic
saeculum, -i n (n) earthly world, age; race, generation, zeitgeist, worldliness
saecularis, -e adj secular; worldly, lay, pagan 56
saepe adv often
saevus, -a, -um adj fierce; cruel, harsh, dire, barbarous
saevio, saevire, saevii, saevitum vb intr to be fierce; to rage against (with dat)
sagacitas, -atis n (f) keenness; acuteness of senses, sagacity, shrewdness
sagitta, -ae n (f) arrow; bolt, shaft
sagitto, sagittare, , sagittatum vb tr and intr to shoot arrows
salio, salire, salui, saltum vb tr and intr to leap; to jump, to flow down
desilio, desilire, desilui, desultum vb intr to jump down
ex(s)ultatio, -onis n (f) exultation; leaping
ex(s)ulto, -are, -avi, -atum vb intr to exult; to leap up, to gambol about
saltus, -us n (m) leap
saltem adv at least
saltus, -us n (m) mountain pass; woodland pasture, ravine
salvus, -a, -um adj saved; safe, well, healthy
salubris, -e adj beneficial, healthy; healthful
salubriter adv healthy; healthfully, advantageously
salus, -utis n (f) salvation, health; safety, welfare
salutem idiom (at the end of the salutation of a letter) (sends) greetings
salutaris, -e adj healthful; advantageous
salutaris, -is n (m) Salvation (Jesus)
salutatio, -onis n (f) greeting; salutation
saluto, salutare, salutavi, salutatum vb tr to greet; to keep safe, to bid farewell
salvator, -oris n (m) Saviour
salveo, salvere, , vb intr to be well; (imperative) hail, farewell
salvo, salvare, salvavi, salvatum vb tr to save
sanguis, -inis n (m) blood
consanguineus, -i n (m) blood relative
consanguinitas, -atis n (f) blood relation; relationship, similarity
sanguinarius, -a, -um adj blood-thirsty
sanus, -a, -um adj healthy; whole, san, sober, sound
insania, -ae n (f) insanity; unsoundness of the mind, excess, poetic rapture
insanio, insanire, insanivi, insanitum vb intr to act insanely; to be of unsound mind, to rave
insanus, -a, -um adj unhealthy; unsound in mind, violent, excessive, inspired
sanitas, -atis n (f) health; reason, sanity, regularity
sano, sanare, sanavi, sanatum vb tr to heal; to make healthy, to correct
sapio, sapire, sapi(v), vb tr and intr to taste; to have taste, to suggest, to be sensible or wise
resipisco, resipiscere, resipi(v)i, vb intr to come to ones senses
sapiens, -entis adj wise; sensible, shrewd
sapienter adv wisely; sensibly
sapientia, -ae n (f) wisdom, the book of Wisdom; good taste, intelligence
satis or sat adv and indec adj and subst enough; sufficient, satisfactory, sufficiently
satietas, -atis n (f) fullness; sufficiency, sated, disgust
saxum, -i n (n) rock
scandalum, -i n (n) cause of offense, scandal; stumbling-block, temptation
scando, scandere, , vb tr and intr to climb, to mount, to ascend
ascendo, ascendere, ascendi, ascensum vb intr to ascend, to climb, to embark; to surpass
ascensus, -us n (m) ascent; approach
conscendo, -ere, -i, conscensum vb tr and intr to ascend; to mount, to embark
descendo, -ere, descendi, descensum vb intr to descend; to come down; to sink down, to alight
scelus, -eris n (n) crime; evil deed, wickedness, sin, fault, rogue, mishap
sceptrum, -i n (n) sceptre; pl kingdom
scindo, scindere, scidi, scissus vb tr to tear 57
conscindo, conscindere, conscidi, conscissum vb tr to tear
excidium, -ii n (n) destruction
scissura, -ae n (f) tearing; rending, scissure
scintilla, -ae n (f) spark; glimmer, trace
scio, scire, scivi, scitum vb tr to know
conscientia, -ae n (f) conscience; joint knowledge, privity
conscius, -a, -um adj aware of; privy to, conscious of
conscius, -i n (m) accomplice; co-conspirator, confidant
inscitia, -ae n (f) ignorance; stupidity, lack of knowledge
inscius, -a, -um adj unknowing; unaware
nescienter adv unknowingly
nescio, nescire, nesci(v)i, nescitum vb tr to not know; to be ignorant, to not understand
nescioquis, nescioquid (nescio quis) pron indef someone, something
nescius, -a, -um adj not knowing; ignorant, not understanding, unknown
scientia, -ae n (f) knowledge; science, skill, theory
scilicet conj namely; it is evident, of course, certainly
scribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptum vb tr to write
ascribo, ascribere, ascripsi, ascriptum vb tr to ascribe to (with dat); to add in writing, to include
conscribo, -scribere, -scripsi, -scriptum vb tr to write, to title; to enroll, to compose, to prescribe
describo, describere, descripsi, descriptum vb tr to describe; to transcribe, to divide, to ascribe
descriptio, -onis n (f) description; copy, arrangement
praescribo, -ere, praescripsi, praescriptum vb tr to write beforehand; to describe, to order, to except
rescribo, rescribere, rescripsi, rescriptum vb tr to rewrite; to write in reply
scriptor, -oris n (m) writer; scribe, secretary, author, narrator, compiler
scriptum, -i n (n) writing; written composition, work, treatise, law
scriptura, -ae n (f) Scripture; writing, composition
suprascriptus, -a, -um adj written above
scrupulum, -i n (n) uneasiness; scruple, a measure of time and area
scrupulositas, -atis n (f) hesitation; scrupulosity, over-nicety
scrutor, scruatri, scrutatus vb dep to search; to examine, to seek, to explore
perscrutor, perscrutari perscrutatus vb dep to search; to examine, to investigate
scrutinium, -ii n (n) inquiry
sculpo, sculpare, sculpsi, sculptum vb tr to sculpt; to carve, to engrave
seco, secere, secui, sectum vb tr to cut, to cut off, to divide, to amputate, to castrate
secta, -ae n (f) sect; a trodden path, way, method, mode of life, school
securis, -is n (f) axe; death-blow, dominion
sed or set conj but
sedeo, sedere, sedi, sessum vb intr to sit; to settle, to sink, to remain fast
assiduus, -a, -um adj busy, constant
desidia, -ae n (f) sloth; sitting idle, lying fallow
insideo, insidere, insidi, insessum vb tr to sit on; to adhere to, to occupy
insidiae, -arum n (f) trap; ambush
insidior, insidiari, insidiatus vb dep to lie in wait; to lie in ambush
obsideo, obsidere, obsedi, obsessum vb tr to blockade, to besiege; to sit, to inhabit, to occupy
obsidio, -onis n (f) siege; blockade, captivity
praeses, -idis n (m) chief; protector, president
resideo, residere, resedi, vb intr to remain, to sit down; to reside, to sit up
residuus, -a, -um adj the rest ; remaining, due
sedes, -is n (f) seat, Episcopal see; throne, home, burial place, place
sedo, sedare, sedavi, sedatum vb tr and intr to calm; to become quiet
sella, -ae n (f) saddle; seat, stool, sedan
sessio, -onis n (f) sitting; seat, loitering, session
solium, -ii n (n) seat; throne, dominion, tub, sarcophagus
seges, -etis n (f) grain; field, crop, soil, produce, profit
58
semel adv once; a single time, first
semper adv always; ever, forever
sempiternus, -a, -um adj everlasting; eternal
simplex, -icis adj simple; plain, uncompounded, open, frank, sincere
simplicitas, -atis n (f) simplicity; simpleness, plainness, frankness
sincerus, -a, -um adj sincere; clean, unblemished, whole, genuine,
singularis, -e adj singular; alone, remarkable
singuli, -ae, -i adj each, individual, several
senex, senis n (m) old man
senatus, -us n (m) senate; council
senectus, -utis n (f) old age; senility
senior, -oris n (m) elder; lord
senium, -ii n (n) old age; decline, decay, debility, old man, chagrin, grief
sentio, sentire, sentivi, sentitum vb tr to sense, to feel; to perceive, to think, to decide
assensus, -us n (m) assent; echo
consensus, -us n (m) consent; harmony, a common feeling
consentio, -sentire, -sensi, -sensum vb tr and intr to consent to (with dat); to conspire, to accord
dissensio, -onis n (f) dissension; disagreement
sensibilis, -e adj sensible; perceptible, capable of feeling or perceiving
sensitivus, -a, -um adj sensitive
sensus, -us n (m) sense; perception, feeling, sentiment, opinion, tact
sententia, -ae n (f) opinion, sentence; decision, meaning
sepelio, sepelire, sepeli(v)i, sepultum vb tr to bury; to inter, to cremate, to destroy
sepulchrum, -i n (n) tomb, Sepulchre
sepultura, -ae n (f) burial
septem adj indec num
septentrio, -onis n (m)
septimus, -a, -um adj num
septingenti, -ae, -a adj num
septuagesimus, -a, -um adj num
septuaginta adj indec num
sequor, sequi, secutus vb tr
consequentia, -ae n (f)
consequor, consequi, consecutus vb dep
ex(s)ecutor, -oris n (m)
insecto, -are, insectavi, insectatum vb tr (also dep)
insequor, insequi, insecutus vb dep
obsequium, -ii n (n)
obsequor, obsequi, obsecutus vb dep
persecutio, -onis n (f)
persequor, persequi, persecutus vb dep
prosequor, prosequi, prosecutus vb dep
sector, sectari, sectatus vb dep
secundo adv
secundum adv and prep (with acc)
secundus, -a, -um adj
secus adv and prep (with acc)
subsequor, subsequi, subsecutus vb dep
serenitas, -atis n (f)
sero, serere, sevi, satum vb tr
semen, -inis n (n)
semino, seminare, seminavi, seminatum vb tr
sero, serere, serui, sertum vb tr
assero, asserere, asserui, assertum vb tr
desero, deserere, deserui, desertum vb tr
desertum, -i n (m)
disertus, -a, -um adj
dissero, disserere, disserui, dissertum vb tr
edissero, edisserere, edisserui, edissertum vb tr
insero, inserere, inserui, insertum vb tr
resero, reserare, reseravi, reseratum vb tr
sera, -ae n (f)
seriatim adv
series, -iei n (f)
sermo, -onis n (m)
sermocinor, sermocinari, sermocinatus vb dep
serus, -a, -um adj
sero adv
serum, -i n (n)
servus, -i n (m)
deservio, deservire, , vb intr
servilis, -e adj
servio, servire, servi(v)i, servitum vb intr
servulus, -i n (m)
subservio, subservire, , vb intr
servo, servare, servavi, servatum vb tr
observatio, -onis n (f)
observo, observare, observavi, observatum vb tr
reservo, reservare, reservavi, reservatum vb tr
seven
North; the seven stars of Ursa Major
seventh
seven hundred
seventieth
seventy; Septuagint
to follow
consequence
to achieve; to follow after, to imitate, to result, to attain
executor; prosecutor, collector
to pursue; to inveigh against
to follow, to pursue; to endeavor, to proceed, to censure
obedience; compliance, indulgence, consent
to obey; to comply with, to yield to, to humour
persecution; following after, chase, prosecution
to persecute, to pursue; to chase, to overtake, to perform
to follow; to pursue, to adorn, to describe in detail
to follow; to chase, to pursue, to strive after
second, for a second time; twice
according to; after, behind, afterwards, secondly
second; following, next, secondary, favourable
alongside; otherwise, in proportion to
to follow; to follow immediately; to succeed, to imitate
serenity
to sow; to plant, to beget, to found, to scatter
seed; elements, spelt, graft, cutting, stock, child, origin
to sow; to beget, to produce 59
to join together; to entwine, to combine, to compose
to assert; to defend, to free (a slave by laying hand upon)
to desert; to fail to appear, to fail
wilderness; desert
skilled at speaking
to discuss; to speak, to treat of
to explain
to insert; to introduce, to mix with
to uncover; to unlock, to open, to reveal
bolt; bar for fastening doors
in a row
series; row, chain, sequence, lineage
conversation, sermon, speech, word
to preach; to converse
late
late; too late
late hour
servant, slave
to serve (with dat); to be devoted to
servile; slavish, ancillary
to serve (with dat); to be a slave or servant, to be devoted
little servant; young slave
to serve (with dat); to be subject to, to humour
to keep, to preserve; to save, to observe, to remain
observation; watching, remark, precept, care, esteem
to observe; to watch, to guard, to comply with, to respect
to keep; to save up
sex adj indec num six
seni, -ae, -a adj num six each
sescenti, -ae, -a adj num six-hundred; an immense number
sexaginta adj indec num sixty; an indefinitely large number
sextus, -a, -um adj num sixth
si conj if
acsi conj as if
etiamsi conj even though, even if; although
etsi conj although
nisi or ni conj unless, except
quasi adv so to speak, as, as if
quodsi conj but if
sic adv thus, such, so, yes
sin conj but if; if however, if on the contrary
siquando conj if ever
siquidem adv and conj indeed; if indeed, since
sive or seu conj or; or if
sive . . . sive conj whether . . . or; if . . . or if, if . . .but if
siccus, -a, -um adj dry; without rain, thirsty, firm, jejune, unfeeling
ex(s)icco, ex(s)iccare, ex(s)iccavi, ex(s)iccatum vb to dry up; to empty a bottle
tr
sidus, -eris n (n) star; constellation, sky, height, night, ornament, season
consideratio, -onis (consideracio) n (f) contemplation
considero, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to consider; to examine
desidero, desiderare, desideravi, desideratum vb tr to desire; to miss, to lose, to examine
desiderium, -ii n (n) desire; need, request, pleasures
sidereus, -a, -um adj starry; heavenly, divine, bright, excellent
60
signum, -i n (n) sign, constellation;
designo, designare, designavi, designatum vb tr to designate; to point out, to contrive, to arrange
insigne, -is n (n) emblem; sign, badge of office, uniform, standard, honour
insignio, insignire, insignivi, insignitum vb tr to distinguish
insignis, -e adj famous; distinguished by a mark, extraordinary
insignium, -ii n (n) emblem; sign, miracle
sigillo, sigillare, sigillavi, sigillatum vb tr to seal; to adorn with little images
sigillum, -i n (n) seal; little figure or image, sign, trace, mark
significatio, -onis n (f) meaning; significance, mark, sign, approval, token
significo, significare, significavi, significatum vb tr to signify; to show by signs, to intimate, to portend
signo, signare, signavi, signatum vb tr to mark; to mark with a seal, to stamp, to signify
similis, -e adj similar to (with gen or dat); like, resembling
assimulo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to imitate; to compare, to counterfeit
consimilis, -e adj very similar
dissimulatio, -onis n (f) dissimulation; dissembling, disregarding, negligence
similitudo, -inis n (f) likeness; resemblance, imitation, analogy, comparison
simul adv at the same time, together; as soon as, at once, also
sine prep (with abl) without
sinister, sinistra, sinistrum adj left, on the left side, wrong, bad, unlucky, lucky (auspices)
sinistrorsus or sinistrorsum adv to the left
sino, sinere, sivi, situm vb tr to allow, to let, passive situated; lying, present, ready
desino, desinere, desi(v)i, desitum vb tr and intr to end, to stop; to leave off
indesinenter adv incessantly
sinus, -us (m) fold, lap; bosom, purse, hiding-place, bay, gulf, valley
sisto, sistere, stiti, vb tr and intr to stand; to place, to stand firm, to stop
assisto, assistere, astiti, vb intr to assist (with dat); to stand at or by
consisto, consistere, constiti, constitum vb intr to consist; to stop, to set, to stand for, to be
consistorium, -ii n (n) consistory; assembly place
desisto, desistere, destiti, destitum vb tr and intr to stop; to set down, to stand apart
ex(s)isto, ex(s)istere, ex(s)titi, ex(s)titum vb intr to be; to step out, to appear, to become, to be visible
insisto, insistere, institi, vb intr to persevere, to pursue; to set foot on, to urge, to repress
obsisto, obsistere, obstiti, obstitum vb intr to oppose (with dat); to place before, to resist
persisto, persistere, perstiti, vb intr to remain; to persist
resisto, resistere, restiti, vb intr to resist (with dat); to stand back, to remain, to rise again
subsisto, subsistere, substiti, vb intr to stop; to stand, to stay, to to subsist, to withstand
sitis, -is n (f) thirst; dryness, desire
socius, -ii n (m) ally, companion; partner, sharer, associate
societas, -atis n (f) union; society, community, partnership, confederacy
socio, sociare, sociavi, sociatum vb tr to associate; to join together, to do in common, to share
sol, solis n (m) sun
solaris, -e adj solar; sunny
soleo, solere, solitus vb intr to be accustomed to; to associate with
insolitus, -a, -um adj unusual; unaccustomed, uncommon
solitus, -a, -um adj usual; accustomed, habitual
solidus, -a, -um adj solid; firm, dense, whole, genuine
soliditas, -atis n (f) solidity; firmness, entirety
solidus, -i (s.) n (m) gold coin (Eng: shilling; Fr: sou; It: soldo; Sp: sueldo)
sollemnis, -e adj solemn; annual, appointed, religious, festive, ordinary
sollemnitas, -atis n (f) celebration; solemnity, formality
sollicitus, -a, um adj anxious; agitated, excited, mournful, careful
sollicite adv anxiously; carefully, with grief 61
sollicito, sollicitare, sollicitavi, sollicitatum vb tr to incite, to worry; to disturb, to tempt
sollicitudo, -inis n (f) concern; anxiety, care, responsibility
solor, solari, solatus vb dep to solace; to comfort, to lighten, to mitigate
solacium, -ii n (n) solace; comfort, relief, soothing, compensation
solamen, -inis n (n) solace; comfort, relief
solum, -i n (n) ground; soil, floor, country, foundation
ex(s)ilium, -ii n (n) exile; place of exile, those who are exiles
ex(s)ul, -ulis n (m/f) exile; deprived of
solus, -a, -um adj alone, only; solitary, deserted
desolatio, -onis n (f) desolation; desert
solitudo, -inis n (f) solitude; wilderness, a state of want
solum or solummodo adv only; alone, barely
somnus, -i n (m) sleep; drowsiness, idleness, night, death
somnium, -ii n (n) dream; nonsense, vision
somnio, somniare, somniavi, somniatum vb tr to dream; to dream of, to talk foolishly
sonus, -i n (m) sound; noise, tone, style
consono, consonare, consonui, vb intr to harmonize; to sound together
insono, insonare, insonui, vb intr to sound
persona, -ae n (f) person; mask, character
personaliter adv personally
persono, -are, personui, personitum vb tr and intr to resound; to sound, to fill with sound, to play music
resono, -are, resonavi, vb tr and intr to resound; to sound again, to re-echo, to say urgently
sono, sonare, sonui, sonitum vb tr and intr to sound; to resound, to speak, to cry out, to sing
sorbeo, sorbere, sorbui, vb tr to swallow; to drink, to swallow up, to endure
absorbeo, absorbere, absorbui, absorptum vb tr to swallow up; to absorb
sordes, -is n (f) filth; dirt, squalor, mourning clothing, meanness, rabble
sordidus, -a, -um adj filthy; dirty, poor, mean, vile
soror, -oris n (f)
sors, sortis n (f)
consors, consortis n (m/f)
consortium, -ii (consorcium) n (n)
sortior, sortiri, sortitus vb dep
spargo, spargere, sparsi, sparsum vb tr
aspergo, aspergere, aspersi, aspersum vb tr
conspergo, -spergere, -spersi, -spersum vb tr
dispergo, dispergere, dispersi, dispersum vb tr
spatium, -ii n (n)
ex(s)patior, ex(s)patiari, ex(s)patiatus vb dep
spatior, spatiari, spatiatus vb dep
specio or spicio, -ere, spexi, spectum
aspectus, -us n (m)
aspicio, aspicere, aspexi, aspectum vb tr
conspectus, -us n (m)
conspicor, conspicari, conspectus vb dep
conspicuitas, -atis n (f)
despicio, -spicere, -spexi, -spectum vb tr and intr
ex(s)pecto, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr
inspectio, -onis n (f)
inspicio, inspicere, inspexi, inspectum vb tr
respicio, respicere, respexi, respectum vb tr
specialiter adv
species, -iei n (f)
speciosus, -a, -um adj
spectaculum, -i n (n)
specto, spectare, spectavi, spectatum vb tr
speculum, -i n (n)
suspecto, -are, suspectavi, suspectatum vb tr
spelunca, -ae n (f)
sperno, spernere, sprevi, spretum vb tr
spes, -ei n (f)
insperatus, -a, -um adj
prosper or prosperus, -a, -um adj
prosperitas, -atis n (f)
spero, sperare, speravi, speratum vb tr
spiro, spirare, spiravi, spiratum vb tr
conspiratio, -onis n (f)
ex(s)piro, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr and intr
inspiro, inspirare, inspiravi, inspiratum vb tr
spiritualis, -e adj
spiritualiter adv
spiritus, -us n (m)
suspirium, -ii n (n)
suspiro, -are, suspiravi, suspiratum vb tr and intr
splendeo, splendere, splendui, vb intr
resplendeo, resplendere, , vb intr
splendidus, -a, -um adj
splendor, -oris n (m)
spolio, spoliare, spoliavi, spoliatum vb tr
ex(s)polio, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr
sister; female friend
chance, lot, sum; rank
partner; sharer, brother, sister
fellowship; community of goods
to draw lots; to choose, to share, to obtain
to sprinkle; to scatter, to moisten, to strew, to disperse
to sprinkle; to bestow, to stain
to sprinkle; to besprinkle, to scatter
to scatter
space; distance, square, track, walking, interval, time
to wander about
to walk; to promenade, to spread out
to look, to look at
appearance, sight; aspect, form, colour
to look at; to consider, to admire, to see
sight; notice, proximity, appearance, consideration
to notice
visibility; conspicuousness
to look down, to look down on
to wait for; to look out for, to expect, to fear, to hope for
inspection; looking at, consideration
to inspect; to look at, to consider
to look at, to provide for; to regard, to consider
in particular; specifically
appearance, species, kind; sight, shape, colour, pretence
beautiful; plausible
spectacle; miracle, wonder, show, stage-play, theatre
62
to look at; to behold, to aim for, to pertain to
mirror (a literary genre)
to mistrust; to suspect, to look up at, to observe
cave
to spurn; to sever, to despise, to reject
hope; anticipation, apprehension
unsuspecting; unhoped for
prosperous; favourable, fortunate
prosperity; joy
to hope; to expect
to breathe; to favour, to be alive, to exhale, to express
conspiracy; unanimity
to die; to breathe out, to send forth, to come forth, to end
to inspire; to blow into, to breath into
spiritual; pertaining to breathing or air
spiritually
spirit, Holy Spirit; breath, breeze, smell, breathing, soul
sigh; deep breath, asthma, breathing
to sigh; to exhale, to long for, to exclaim with a sigh
to shine; to be bright
to shine; to glitter, to be resplendent
splendid; bright, shining, noble, showy, clear
splendour; brightness, magnificence, dignity
to rob; to strip, to to rob of clothing, to pillage
to pillage; to deprive
spondeo, spondere, spopondi, sponsum vb tr to promise; to engage, to post bail, to betroth, to vow
respondeo, respondere, respondi, responsum vb tr to respond; to promise in return, to advise, to answer to
responsio, -onis n (f) response; refutation
responsum, -i n (n) response; opinion, oracle
sponsa, -ae n (f) bride; fiance
sponsalia, -ium n (n) betrothal; betrothal feast, betrothal gift
sponsalitius, -a, -um adj pertaining to betrothal
sponsio, -onis n (f) promise; engagement, wager, stake
spuo, spuere, spui, sputum vb tr and intr to spit; to spit out
ex(s)puo, -ere, ex(s)pui, ex(s)putum vb tr and intr to spit out; to spit, to expel, to emit, to banish
spurius, -a, -um adj illegitimate; spurious
statuo, statuere, statui, statutum vb tr to establish; to set up, to fix, to stop, to settle, to decree
constituo, constituere, constitui, constitutum vb tr to set up; to station, to establish, to appoint, to decide
destitutus, -a, -um adj destitute of; forsaken, robbed
instituo, instituere, institui, institutum vb tr to establish; to arrange, to institute, to appoint, to teach
restituo, restituere, restitui, restitutum vb tr to restore; to revive, to renew, to give back, to recall
stercus, -oris n (n) shit, manure; slag
stella, -ae n (f) star; shooting-star
sterilis, -e adj barren; sterile, causing sterility, fruitless, unprofitable
sterno, sternere, stravi, stratum vb tr to lay out; to stretch out, to scatter, to strew, to cover
consterno, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to dismay; to overcome, to startle, to excite to revolt
construo, construere, construxi, constructum vb tr to build; to pile up
destructio, -onis n (f) destruction; refutation
destruo, destruere, destruxi, destructum vb tr to destroy; to tear down
ex(s)truo, ex(s)truere, ex(s)truxi, ex(s)tructum vb tr to build; to pile up, to construct, to exaggerate
industria, -ae n (f) diligence, purpose, skill
instructio, -onis n (f) instruction; constructing, arranging 63
instrumentum, -i n (n) equipment, instrument; material, provision, ornament
instruo, instruere, instruxi, instructum vb tr to instruct; to build, to prepare, to plan
prosterno, prosternere, prostravi, prostratum vb tr to lay low; to prostrate, to destroy, to prostitute
stilla, -ae drop of liquid; small quantity, moment
instillo, instillare, instillavi, instillatum vb tr to instill; to pour in by drops
stimulus, -i n (m) goad; sting, spur, incitement
sto, stare, steti, statum vb intr to stand, to stay, to stop; to remain, to endure
asto, astare, astiti, vb intr to be present; to await, to assist, to stand up
circumsto, -stare, -steti, -statum vb tr and intr to stand around; to surround, to encompass
constans, -antis adj constant; consistent, sure
consto, constare, constiti, constatum vb intr to be apparent; to stand with, to agree, to stop, to remain
destino, destinare, destinavi, destinatum vb tr to direct; to bind, to resolve, to intend, to choose, to aim
disto, distare, , vb intr to be distant; to stand apart, to differ
ex(s)tasis, -is n (f) ecstasy; terror, amazement
ex(s)to, ex(s)tare, ex(s)titi vb intr to be; to stand forth, to stand above, to be conspicuous
instans, -antis adj eager; present, pressing
instantia, -ae n (f) insistence; presence, perseverance
obsto, obstare, obstiti, vb intr to stand in the way of (with dat);
praestantia, -ae n (f) excellence
praestans, -antis adj excellent; efficacious
praesto, -stare, -steti, -statum/-stitum vb tr & intr to excel, to present; to be excellent, to fulfill, to show
stabilis, -e adj stable; steady, firm, durable, unwavering, steadfast
stabilitas, -atis n (f) stability; firmness, durability, steadfastness
stabulum, -i n (n) stable; stall, habitation, dwelling, cottage, pub, brothel
statim adv immediately; steadfastly
statura, -ae n (f) height; size, stature
status, -us n (m) state, stopping; manners, dress, condition
substantia, -ae n (f) substance; being, essence, contents, material, fortune
strenuus, -a, -um adj vigorous; brisk, quick, active, restless
strenue adv vigorously; briskly, quickly, actively
stringo, stringere, strinxi, strictum vb tr to bind; to touch upon, to pluck, to rule, to waste, to pain
constringo, -ere, constrinxi, constrinctum vb tr to bind together; to compress
perstringo, -ere, perstrinxi, perstrinctum vb tr sum up; to bind, to graze, to plough, to dull, to blame
studeo, studere, studui, vb tr and intr to strive, to study; to be eager, to favour 64
studium, -ii n (n) effort, pursuit, study, zeal
stultus, -a, -um adj stupid; foolish
stultitia, -ae n (f) stupidity; foolishness
stupeo, stupere, stupui vb tr and intr to be struck senseless; to be amazed, to be amazed at
stupefacio, -ere, stupefeci, stupefactum vb tr to stupefy; to strike senseless, to amaze
stupor, -oris n (m) numbness; stupor, astonishment, stupidity
stuprum, -i n (n) dishonour; illicit sex
suadeo, suadere, suasi, sausum vb tr and intr to persuade (with dat); to advise, to urge, to advocate
persuadeo, persuadere, persuasi, persuasum vb tr to persuade (with dat); to convince, to prompt
persuasio, -onis n (f) persuasion; convincing, conviction, belief, opinion
sub prep (with abl) under, during, within; (with acc) up to, before
subter adv and prep (with acc) underneath; below, beneath, secretly
subtus adv below; underneath
sublimis, -e adj high; elevated, lofty, distinguished
sublimitas, -atis n (f) highness; height, loftiness
sublimiter or sublime adv on high; aloft, highly
subtilis, -e adj subtle; fine, slender, delicate, precise, simple
subtiliter adv subtly; finely, minutely, plainly
sudor, -oris n (m) sweat; liquid, toil, fatigue
suesco, suescere, suevi, suetum vb tr and intr to become accustomed; to accustom
assuefacio, -ere, assuefeci, assuefactum vb tr to make accustomed
assuesco, --ere, assuevi, assuetum vb tr and intr to be accustomed; to make accustomed
consuesco, -ere, consuevi, consuetum vb tr & intr to grow/be accustomed to; to accustom, to have sex with
consuetudo, -inis n (f) custom, habit, (monastic) rule; intercourse (social or sex)
consuetus, -a, -um adj usual; customary
suffragium, -ii n (n) vote; suffrage, judgment, assent
, sui pron refl (3rd pers), sese emphatic him-, her-, itself, themselves, reciprocal: each other
suus, -a, -um possessive adj reflexive his, her, its, their; own
sum, esse, fui, futurum vb intr to be
absens, -entis adj absent; not appearing
absentia, -ae n (f) absence
absum, abesse, abfui, abfuturum vb intr to be absent; to be freed, removed, not fit, wanting
adsum, adesse, adfui, adfuturum vb intr to be present; to be at hand, to aid, to appear, to convene
desum, deesse, defui, defuturus vb intr to fail (with dat), to be lacking (with dat); to neglect
essentia, -ae n (f) essence; being
futurum, -i n (n) future
futurus, -a, -um adj future
insum, inesse, infui, infuturum vb intr to be in; to pertain to
interesse subst inf interest
intersum, interesse, interfui, vb intr and impers to be between, to be of concern; to differ, to attend
praesens, -entis adj and adv present; at hand, forthwith
praesentia, -ae n (f) presence; impression, effect
praesento, praesentare, , praesentatum vb tr to present; to place in view, to show
praesum, praeesse, praefui, praefuturum vb intr to be in charge of (with dat); to be present
prosum, prodesse, profui, profuturum vb intr to profit (with dat); to be useful, to be good
sumo, sumere, sumpsi, sumptum vb tr to take up; to begin, to take, to use, assume
assumo, assumere, assumpsi, assumptum vb tr to take with ones self, to assume; to obtain, to add
consumo, -sumere,-sumpsi, -sumptum vb tr to consume; to destroy, to expend, to take up
praesumo, -ere, praesumpsi, praesumptum vb tr to presume; to take in advance, to perform, to spend
praesumptio, -onis n (f) presumption; taking beforehand, anticipation, boldness
resumo, resumere, resumpsi, resumptum vb tr to resume; to take along with, to recover
sumptum, -i n (n) expense
sumptus, -us n (m) expense
summus, -a, -um adj highest; top of, last, extreme 65
summa, -ae n (f) essence; height, summit, completion, sum, whole
summe adv superl extremely; in the highest degree
summitas, -atis n (f) top, summit
summopere adv exceedingly; very much
summotenus adv extremely; up to the top
super adv prep (with abl or acc) above, concerning, on, over, upon; thereupon, besides
desuper adv above; from above
insuper adv and prep (with acc or abl) moreover; above, on top, from above, over
superbia, -ae n (f) pride
superbus, -a, -um adj proud
superus, -a, -um adj above, upper, higher
superior, -ius adj compar earlier, upper; previous, older, greater, superior
superius adv compar earlier; above
supernus, -a, -um adj heavenly; higher, celestial
supero, superare, superavi, superatum vb tr to overcome; to surpass, to exceed, to remain
supra adv and prep (with acc) above, concerning; before, previously, beyond, more
supremus, -a, -um adj superl highest; last, supreme
supplex, -icis adj humbly begging; suppliant, supplicant
supplicatio, -onis n (f) supplication; prayer
supplico, supplicare, supplicavi, supplicatum vb tr to pray; to supplicate, to worship
surdus, -a, -um adj deaf; inattentive, dull-sounding, not heard, faint
surgo, surgere, surrexi, surrectum vb tr and intr to rise; to lift, to raise, to rise against
assurgo, assurgere, assurrexi, assurrectum vb intr to rise (to); to swell
ex(s)urgo, ex(s)urgere, ex(s)urrexi, vb intr to rise up; to recover ones strength
insurgo, insurgere, insurrexi, insurrectum vb tr to rise up; to mount, to rise, to arise, to rouse
resurgo, resurgere, resurrexi, resurrectum vb intr to rise again
resurrectio, -onis n (f) resurrection
taberna, -ae n (f) tavern, shop, dwelling
contubernia, -ae n (f) companionship; attendance, (slave) marriage or dwelling
tabernaculum, -i n (n) tabernacle; tent
tabula, -ae n (f) tablet; plank, writing-tablet, account book, will, panel
taceo, tacere, tacui, tacitum vb tr and intr to be silent; to be still, to pass over in silence
conticesco, conticescere, conticui, vb intr to grow silent; to keep silent, to stop
taedet, taedere, taeduit, vb impers (acc) is weary of (gen or inf); is disgusted, is offended
taedium, -ii n (n) weariness; boredom, disgust, loathsomeness
taeter, taetra, taetrum adj foul; loathsome, hideous, shameful
talis, -e adj demonstr such; of such a kind
taliter adv demontr in such a way
tam adv demonstr so; so much, as
attamen adv but yet
tam . . . quam conj as much . . . as, both . . . and
tamen adv nevertheless
tamquam conj as, like; as if, so to speak, for instance
tandem adv finally; now, in the end
tango, tangere, tetigi, tactum vb tr to touch; to reach, to border on, to handle, to affect
attingo, attingere, attigi, attactum vb tr to touch, to touch upon; to attack, to reach, to concern
contagio, -onis n (f) or contagium, -ii n (n) contagion; infection, contact
contingit, contingere, contigit, vb impers it happens that (introducing indirect speech) 66
contingo, -tingere, -tigi, -tactum vb tr and intr to happen; to reach, to touch, to taste, to concern
intactus, -a, -um adj untouched; uninjured, intact, untried, chaste
integer, integra, integrum adj whole; untouched, unharmed, virtuous, sane
integritas, -atis n (f) wholeness; undiminished condition, innocence, chastity
tactus, -us n (m) touch; touching, handling, influence
tantus, -a, -um adj (correlative with quantus) so great, so much, as great, as much
intantum adv to such an extent
tantillum, -i n (n) trifle
tantum adv only, so much
tardus, -a, -um adj slow, late; stupid, deliberate
tego, tegere, texi, tectum vb tr to cover; to roof, to deck, to bury, to hide, to protect
protego, protegere, protexi, protectum vb tr to protect; to cover over, to put up a roof, to conceal
tectum, -i n (n) roof, covering, ceiling, house
tugurium, -ii n (n) cottage
tellus, -uris n (f) earth; globe, ground, land, district, region
temere adv rashly; blindly, at random, inconsiderately
temeritas, -atis n (f) rashness; hap, chance, accidence, temerity
temerus, -a, -um adj rash; inconsiderate
templum, -i n (n) temple; place of observation, open space, sacred place
contemplatio, -onis n (f) contemplation; consideration
contemplativus, -a, -um adj contemplative; theoretical
contemplo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to contemplate; to gaze upon
tempus, -oris n (n)
intemporalis, -e adj
obtempero, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr
tempero, temperare, temperavi, temperatum vb tr
tempestas, -atis n (f)
temporalis, -e adj
temporaliter adv
tendo, tendere, tetendi, tentum vb tr and intr
attendo, attendere, attendi, attentum vb tr
attente adv
contendo, -tendere, -tendi, -tentum vb tr and intr
contentus, -a, -um adj
distendo, distendere, distendi, distentum vb tr
extendo, extendere, extendi, extentum vb tr
intendo, intendere, intendi, intentum vb tr
intentio, -onis (intencio) n (f)
intente adv
intentus, -a, -um adj
ostendo, ostendere, ostendi, ostensum vb tr
tentorium, -ii n (n)
tenebra, -ae n (f)
teneo, tenere, tenui, tentum vb tr
abstinentia, -ae n (f)
contineo, continere, continui, contentum vb tr
continuatio, -onis n (f)
continuo adv
continuus, -a, -um adj
detineo, detinere, detinui, detentum vb tr
manuteneo, -ere, manutenui, manutentum vb tr
obtineo, obtinere, obtinui, obtentum vb tr
pertinax, -acis adj
pertineo, pertinere, pertinui, vb intr
retineo, retinere, retinui, retentum vb tr
sustentatio, -onis (sustentacio) n (f)
sustento, sustentare, sustentavi, sustentatum vb tr
sustineo, sustinere, sustinui, sustentum vb tr
tenor, -oris n (f)
tento or tempto, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr
tentatio or temptatio, -onis n (f)
tenuis, -e adj
extenuo, extenuare, extenuavi, extenuatum vb tr
tergeo or tergo, tergere, tersi, tersum vb tr
manutergium, -i n (n)
terminus, -i n (m) and termen, -inis n (n)
conterminus, -a, -um adj
tero, terere, trivi, tritum vb tr
contero, conterere, contrivi, contritum vb tr
protero, proterere, protrivi, protritum vb tr
tribulatio, -onis n (f)
tribulo, tribulare, tribulavi, tribulatum vb tr
terra, -ae n (f)
terrenus, -a, -um adj
territorium, -ii n (n)
time, tense; period of time, proper time
atemporal; eternal, unseasonable
to comply with (with dat); to obey
to temper; to regulate, to restrain from
storm; period of time, season, weather, tempest
temporal
in the temporal world; temporarily
to tend, to exert ones self; to stretch, to extend, to go
to turn towards, to pay attention to; to strive towards
attentively; carefully
to contend; to stretch, to strive for, to compare, to ask
content; intent, stretched
extend; to distend, to divide, to distract
to extend; to enlarge, to continue, to pass time
to intend; to stretch out, to bend a bow, to attend
intention; straining, tension, attention, accusation
intently
intent; strained, attentive, strict, vigorous
to show, to point at; to stretch out, to expose, to flourish
tent
shadow; darkness, night, death, blindness, prison, hell
to hold, to keep; to occupy, to possess, to know, to recall
abstinence; self-restraint
to contain; to hold together, to detain, to check
continuation; period(ic sentence)
continuously, immediately
continuous; joining 67
to detain; to delay, to engage, to know
to maintain
to hold, to obtain; to take hold of, to assert, to prevail
very tenacious; very durable, constant, obstinate
to pertain; to reach to, to reach, to tend, to suit, to belong
to hold fast, to restrain, to retain;to maintain, to preserve
sustenance; deferring, delay, suspension
to sustain; to support, to preserve, to restrain, to delay
to sustain, to put up with; to restrain, to support, to delay
tenor; holding fast, course, career, contents, sense
to tempt, to test
temptation
thin; fine, rare, slender, weak, delicate, exact
to make thin; to diminish, to weaken
to wipe; to rub, to clean, to polish, to improve, to amend
napkin
boundary, limit; end, term
sharing a border
to rub; to bruise, to grind, to thresh, to wear away
to crush; to exhaust, to grind, to wear away
to crush; to trample, to drive forth, to defeat, to abuse
tribulation
to trouble; to press
land, earth; ground, soil, country, region
earthly; earthen
territory; land around a town
terreo, terrere, terrui, territum vb tr to terrify; to frighten, to frighten away
deterreo, deterrere, deterrui, deterritum vb tr to deter; to prevent, to keep off
exterreo, exterrere, exterrui, exterritum vb tr to terrify
perterritus, -a, -um adj terrified
terribilis, -e adj terrible; venerable
terror, -oris n (m) terror; fear, an object of fear
testis, -is n (m) witness; testicle
attestor, attestari, attestatus vb dep to attest
detestabilis, -e adj detestable
testamentum, -i n (n) covenant, Testament, will
testificor, testificari, testificatus vb dep to testify; to show, to call to witness
testimonium, -ii n (n) meeting, testimony; witness, evidence, proof
testor, testari, testatus vb dep to bear witness; to show, to understand, to assert
testudo, -inis n (f) turtle, tortoise; lyre, arch, shelter, military manoeuvre
texo, texere, texui, textum vb tr to weave; to fit together, to build, to make, to compose
contexo, -ere, contexui, contextum vb tr and intr to compose; to interweave, to devise
thesaurus, -i n (m) treasure, treasury; hoard, treasure-chamber, strong-box
thronus, -i n (m) throne; throne (angelic order)
timeo, timere, timui, vb tr and intr to fear; to be afraid
pertimesco, pertimescere, pertimui, vb intr to be very afraid; to become very afraid
timidus, -a, -um adj fearful; cowardly, timid
timor, -oris n (m) fear; apprehension, anxiety, awe, object of fear
titulus, -i n (m) title; inscription, label, ticket, notice, fame, pretext
tolero, tolerare, toleravi, toleratum vb tr to endure; to bear, to support, to nourish, to observe
tolerantia, -ae n (f) endurance; bearing, supporting
tollo, tollere, sustuli, sublatum vb tr to lift, to remove, to take; to acknowledge, to build
attollo, attollere, , vb tr to lift up; to exalt, to enlarge 68
tonitruo, tonitruare, tonitruavi, tonitruatum vb tr to thunder
torqueo, torquere, torsi, tortum vb tr to twist; to bend, to whirl, to distort, to torture
detorqueo, -ere, detorsi, detortum vb tr and intr to distort; to turn aside or away
distortus, -a, -um adj misshapen; dwarfish, unseemly
tormentum, -i n (n) torment; catapult, ballista, missile, rope, the rack
torpeo, torpere, , vb intr to be numb, to be sluggish, to be inactive
torpor, -oris n (m) numbness; torpor, stupefaction, inactivity
torreo, torrere, torrui, tostum vb tr to roast; to dry to burn, to affect with passion
torrens, -entis n (m) rushing stream; torrent
tot adj indec num (correlative with quot) so many, as many, as
totidem adj indec num the same number; just as many
totiens adv num so many times; as often
totus, -a, -um adj whole, entire
ex toto idiom entirely; wholly, altogether, totally
totaliter adv entirely; wholly, altogether, totally
traho, trahere, traxi, tractum vb tr to draw; to drag, to withdraw, to contract, to dink
abstractio, -onis n (f) abduction; separation
abstraho, abstrahere, abstraxi, abstractum vb tr to remove; to draw away, to withdraw
attraho, attrahere, attraxi, attractum vb tr to attract; to drag with force
contractus, -us n (m) contract; an entering upon (an affair)
contraho, contrahere, contraxi, contractum vb tr to enter into; to assemble, to cause,to contract, to narrow
detraho, detrahere, detraxi, detractum vb tr to remove; to purge, to lower, to disparage, to withhold
extraho, extrahere, extraxi, extractum vb tr to unsheathe, to remove, to rescue; to draw out
pertracto, -are, pertractavi, pertractatum vb tr to conduct; to touch, to handle, to treat, to study
protraho, protrahere, protraxi, protractum vb tr to drag forward; to reveal, to betray, to prolong, to weary
retraho, retrahere, retraxi, retractum vb tr to draw back; to withdraw, to make known again
subtractus, -us n (m) drawing back; loss, subtraction
subtraho, subtrahere, subtraxi, subtractum vb tr to remove; to carry off, to steal, to withdraw, to omit
tracto, tractare, tractavi, tractatum vb tr to discuss, to govern, to handle, to treat; to drag, to lead
tractus, -us n (m) pull; dragging, train, course, extent, tract of land, length
trans prep (with acc) across; beyond, on the other side, through
tremo, tremere, tremui, vb tr and intr to tremble; to tremble at
tremebundus, -a, -um adj trembling
tremefacio-cere, tremefeci, tremefactus vb tr to cause to tremble
tremulus, -a, -um adj trembling; causing to tremble
tres, tria adj num three
ter adv num three times; thrice, often, repeatedly
tertius, -a, -um adj num third
tricesimus, -a, -um adj num thirtieth
triduum, -i n (n) three days
triginta adj indec num thirty
trinitas, -atis n (f) Trinity; three, triad
trinus, -a, -um adj num three each; triple, threefold 69
triplicatio, -onis n (f) tripling
triplico, triplicare, triplicavi, triplicatum vb tr to triple
tribus, -us n (f) tribe; division of people, commonalty, mob
attribuo, attribuere, attribui, attributum vb tr to attribute; to bestow, to join to
distribuo, distribuere, distribui, distributum vb tr to distribute; to divide, to apportion
retributio, -onis n (f) retribution; repayment
tribuo, tribuere, tribui, tributum vb tr to assign; to allot, to give, to pay, to yield, to allow
tributum, -i n (n) tribute; stated payment, contribution, gift
tristis, -e adj sad; mournful, melancholy, harsh, bitter, foul, gloomy
contristo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to sadden; to darken
tristitia, -ae (f) sadness; sorrow, melancholy, harshness, sourness
tristor, tristari, tristatus vb dep to be sad
trux, -ucis adj savage; wild, fierce
tu, tui pron pers (2nd pers sing) you
tuus, -a, -um poss adj (2nd pers sing) your
tuba, -ae n (f) trumpet; war, loud sound, epic poetry, exciter
tubicino, tubicinare, tubicinavi, tubicinatum vb intr to trumpet
tueor or tuor, tueri, tuitus vb dep to look at; to defend, to consider, to maintain
contueor, contueri, contuitus vb tr to look at; to ponder, to perceive
intueor, intui, intuitus vb dep to look at; to regard, to consider, to admire
tutus, -a, -um adj safe, secure
tum adv (correlative to cum) then
tum . . . tum conj both . . . and; now . . . now, sometimes . . . sometimes
tunc adv then
tumeo, tumere, , vb intr to swell; to be excited, to swell with pride
tumba, -ae n (f) tomb
tumor, -oris n (m) swelling; tumour, excitement, commotion, bombast
tumulo, tumulare, tumulavi, tumulatum vb tr to bury; to entomb
tumultus, -us n (m) commotion; tumult, storm, sudden war, rebellion
tumulus, -i n (m) tomb; mound, burial-mound
turba, -ae n (f) crowd; commotion, uproar, quarrel, multitude, band
conturbo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to confuse; to disturb, to bankrupt
turbo, turbare, turbavi, turbatum vb tr to throw into confusion; to disturb, to muddy
turpis, -e adj shameful, ugly; foul, infamous
turris, -is n (f) tower; castle, fortress
tus, -uris n (n) frankincense, incense
typicalis, -e adj figurative; typical
tyrannus, -i n (m) tyrant; monarch, king, cruel ruler, despot
tyrannis, -idis n (f) tyranny; region ruled by a tyrant
uber, -eris n (n) breast; teat, udder, fertility, richness
ubertas, -atis n (f) plenty; richness, fruitfulness, fullness, copiousness
ubi adv int, rel and connecting where, when, there
ubicumque adv rel and indef wherever, everywhere
ubinam adv int where
ubique adv indef everywhere; anywhere
unde adv int, rel & connecting (correlative to inde) therefore, about which, from where, from which
undique adv indef everywhere, from every side; utterly, entirely
ulcus, -eris n (n) sore, ulcer
ulcerosus, -a, -um adj ulcerous; full of sores, knobby
ullus, -a, -um adj indef any, any one
nonnullus, -a, -um adj indef some, several 70
nullatenus adv in no way
nullus, -a, um adj no; none, (for nemo) no one
ultra adv and prep (with acc) further, beyond, on the other side of
ulterius adv compar further; farther, beyond
umbra, -ae n (f) shade; shadow, dark spot, ghost, trace, shelter
umbraculum, -i n (n) shelter; that which furnishes shade, school, umbrella
umbratilis, -e adj shadowy; in the shade, in retirement, of schools
umor, -oris n (m) humour; liquid, moisture
umquam adv ever
nonnumquam adv sometimes
numquam adv never; by no means
unda, -ae n (f) wave; water, surge
abundanter adv abundantly
abundantia, -ae n (f) abundance
abundo, abundare, abundavi, abundatum vb intr to abound; to flow over, to shoot up, to overflow
inundatio, -onis n (f) flood; overflowing, inundation, deluge
unus, -a, -um adj indef & num one; single, sole, a, an, some
una adv together; at the same time
unicus, -a, um adj single, singular; sole, uncommon, unique
uniformis, -e adj uniform; of one shape
unitas, -atis n (f) one; oneness, sameness, uniformity, agreement
universalis, -e adj universal; belonging to all
universus, -a, -um adj all, entire; general, universal
unusquisque pron indef everyone, everything
urbs, urbis n (f) city; Rome
uro, urere, ussi, ustum vb tr to burn
comburo, combuere, combussi, combustum vb tr to burn
combustio, -onis n (f) burning
ustulo, ustulare, ustulavi, ustulatum vb tr to scorch; to burn a little
usquam adv anywhere, in any way
nusquam adv nowhere
usque adv and prep (with acc) up to, towards; all the way, constantly, until
ut or uti conj (with subjunctive) introducing indirect command, substantive, purpose, and
result clauses: that, in order that, such that
(with indicative) introducing temporal clauses and comparisons:
as, like, when
adv int and exclamatory how
prout conj just as, to the extent that
sicut or sicuti conj just as
utinam or ut conj introducing optative subjunctive would that
utique adv certainly; in any case, at least, especially, merely
utpote adv namely, as
velut or veluti adv just as; for example, as though
uter, utra, utrum adj int, rel and indef which of two
uterque, utraque, utrumque pron and adj indef both
utrum conj int introducing double direct or indirect question whether
utor, uti, usus vb dep to use (with abl);
abutor, abuti, abusus vb dep to abuse (with abl); to consume, to use improperly
abusive adv improperly, loosely; not in good earnest
inutilis, -e adj useless; unprofitable, injurious, hurtful
usurarius, -ii n (m) usurer
usurpo, usurpare, usurpavi, usurpatum vb tr to use; to enjoy, to perceive, to obtain, to usurp 71
usus, -us n (m) use, enjoyment; wear, exercise, experience, habit
utilis, -e adj useful; profitable, advantageous
utilitas, -atis n (f) usefulness; use, utility, service, profit, advantage
utiliter adv usefully; effectively, profitably, advantageously
uxor, -oris n (f) wife
vaco, vacare, vacavi, vacatum vb intr to be empty; to be without (with abl), to be at leisure
evacuo, evacuare, evacuavi, evacuatum vb tr to empty; to evacuate, to ride ones self of, to make void
supervacuus, -a, -um adj superfluous; unnecessary, redundant
vacuus, -a, -um adj empty, vain; free, without, devoid of
vado, vadere, vasi, vb intr to go; to walk, to rush
evado, evadere, evasi, evasum vb tr and intr to escape, to become; to go out, to pass over
invado, invadere, invasi, invasum vb tr and intr to attack; to go into, to fall into, to seize
vadum, -i n (n) ford; a shallow, body of water, bottom of a body of water
vagor, vagari, vagatus vb dep to wander; to waver, to spread abroad
valeo, valere, valui, valitum vb intr to be able,to be strong,to prevail imperative hail,farewell
convalesco, convalescere, convalui, vb intr to grow healthy; to recover, to become valid
invaletudo, -inis n (f) sickness
invalidus, -a, -um adj weak; not strong, inefficient, inadequate
praevaleo, praevalere, praevalui, vb intr to be very able; to prevail, to be of great efficacy
praevalidus, -a, -um adj very strong; prevalent
valde adv very, greatly; strongly, vigorously
valenter adv vigorously; strongly, violently
valetudo or valitudo, -inis n (f) bodily condition; health, good health, ill health, sickness
validus, -a, -um adj strong; vigorous, able, healthy
valles or vallis, -is n (f) valley
convallis, -is n (f) valley
valva, -ae n (f) door
vanus, -a, -um adj vain; empty, nothing
evanesco, evanescere, evanui, vb intr to vanish; to die away, to sink into oblivion
vanesco, vanescere, , vb intr to vanish
vanitas, -atis n (f) vanity; emptiness, nothingness, fickleness
vapor, -oris n (m) vapour; steam, heat, warmth
varius, -a, -um adj various; diverse, varying
varietas, -atis n (f) variety; diversity, coloured attire
vario, variare, variavi, variatum vb tr and intr to vary; to change, to waver
vas, vasis n (n) vessel; dish, baggage, implement
vasto, vastare, vastavi, vastatum vb tr to lay waste to; to make empty, to devastate, to destroy
vates, -is n (m) prophet, seer, poet
vaticinium, -ii n (n) prophecy
veho, vehere, vexi, vectum vb tr to carry; to convey, passive to ride
adveho, advehere, advexi, advectum vb tr to carry to; to convey, passive to ride
conveho, convehere, convexi, convectum vb tr to convey; to gather
eveho, evehere, evexi, evectum vb tr to carry away; to move forth, to spread abroad, to raise
proveho, provehere, provexi, provectum vb tr to carry forward; to promote, to proceed, to prolong
reveho, revehere, revexi, revectum vb tr to carry back
transveho or traveho, -vehere, -vexi, -vectum vb tr to carry across; to pass by
vectigal, -alis n (n) tax
vehementer adv vehemently; eagerly, violently, very much, exceedingly
vehiculum, -i n (n) vehicle; carriage, wagon, cart, ship
vel adv and conj even, indeed, or
-ve conj enclitic or
vel . . . vel conj either . . . or
vellus, -eris n (n) fleece; shorn wood, hide, pelt, wool 72
evello, evellere, evelli, evulsum vb tr to pull out; to pluck out, to drag away, to eradicate
velox, -ocis adj quick
velociter adv quickly
velum, -i n (n) sail; veil, curtain
revelatio, -onis n (f) revelation
revelo, revelare, revelavi, revelatum vb tr to reveal; to unveil
vexillum, -i n (n) flag; ensign, banner, troops under a banner
vendo, vendere, vendidi, venditum vb tr to sell; to betray, to praise
venalis, -e adj for sale
vendito, venditare, venditavi, venditatum vb tr to sell; to try to sell, to praise, to conciliate, to betray
venditio, -onis n (f) sale; a thing sold
venumdo or venundo, -dare, -dedi, -datum vb tr to sell
venenum, -i n (n) poison; potion, drug, evil, charm, seduction, dye
venenosus, -a, -um adj venomous; full of poison
venero, venerare, veneravi, veneratum vb tr (also dep) to venerate; to revere, to worship, to beg
venerabilis, -e adj venerable; venerating
venia, -ae n (f) pardon; indulgence, mercy, favour, permission
venio, venire, veni, ventum vb intr to come
adinventio, -onis n (f) invention
advenio, advenire, adveni, adventum vb intr to arrive; to occur, to accrue, to come by conveyance
adventus, -us n (m) arrival; approach, the state of having arrived
circumvenio,-venire, -veni, -ventum vb tr to surround; to beset, to circumvent, to evade, to grasp
convenio, -venire, -veni, -ventum vb tr, intr, impers to be suitable, to gather together; to unite, to agree
conventio, -onis n (f) agreement; assembly, marriage, indictment
conventus, -us n (m) agreement; meeting, assembly , corporation, union
devenio, devenire, deveni, deventum vb intr to reach; to arrive
evenio, evenire, eveni, eventum vb intr to happen; to come out, to result
intervenio, -ire, interveni, interventum vb intr to occur; to come between, to interrupt, to oppose
invenio, invenire, inveni, inventum vb tr to find; to come upon, to invent, to discover, to acquire
pervenio, pervenire, perveni, perventum vb intr to arrive
praevenio, praevenire, praeveni, praeventum vb tr to come before; to precede, to prevent, to surpass
provenio, provenire, proveni, proventum vb intr to proceed, to prosper; to appear, to originate
revenio, revenire, reveni, reventum vb intr to come back; to return
supervenio, -ire, superveni, superventum vb intr to come up; to to come upon, to surpass, to go beyond
venor, venari, venatus vb dep to hunt; to chase
venatorius, -a, -um adj hunting
venatus, -us n (m) hunting; fishing, game
ventus, -i n (m) wind
venus, -eris n (f) Venus
verber, verberis n (n) whip, blow; thong of a sling, flogging
verbero, verberare, verberavi, verberatum vb tr to beat; to whip, to harass
verbum, -i n (n) word; language, discourse, saying, proverb, verb
proverbium, -ii n (n) Proverb
verboso, -are, verbosavi, verbosatum vb tr and intr to blather; to be verbose
73
vereor, vereri, veritus vb dep to fear; to feel awe, to revere
irreverentia, -ae (irreverencia) n (f) irreverence; disrespect
reverendus, -a, -um adj reverend
reverentia, -ae n (f) reverence; awe, deference
vernus spring
vernalis, -e adj spring; vernal
verno, vernare, , vb intr to flourish; to bloom
vero conj postpositive but
verum conj 1st position but
verumtamen conj but yet
verto, vertere, verti, versum vb tr and intr to turn; to change, to exchange, to subvert, to refer
adversarius, -i n (m) adversary; enemy
adversum or adversus adv and prep (with acc) against; toward
adverto, advertere, adverti, adversum vb tr to direct; to turn toward, to admonish of, to attend to
animadverto, -vertere, -verti, -versum vb tr to notice; to observe
averto, avertere, averti, aversum vb tr to avert, to turn away; to embezzle, to divert, to estrange
controversia, -ae n (f) controversy
conversatio, -onis n (f) way of life; frequent abode, conversation
conversor, conversari, conversatus vb intr to conduct ones self; to dwell, to live with
conversus, -a, -um adj opposite
converto, -vertere, -verti, -versum vb tr and intr to change, to convert, to turn; to return
deorsum adv downwards; below
deversorium, -ii n (n) inn
diversitas, -atis n (f) diversity; contradiction, disagreement, difference, variety
diversus, -a, -um adj diverse; opposed, hostile, separate, dissimilar, hesitating
diverto, divertere, diverti, diversum vb intr to deviate, to turn; to separate, to divorce, to differ
everto, evertere, everti, eversum vb tr to overturn; to upset, to expel, to destroy
perversus, -a, -um adj perverse; askew, evil
reverto, -ere, reverti reversum vb intr (also dep) to turn back, to return
rursus adv again, back; backward, anew
sursum adv high, upwards
versifico, -are, -avi, -atus vb tr (also dep) to write verse
versio, -onis n (f) version; turning, change, translation
verso, versare, versavi, versatum vb tr to turn; to disturb, to think over
versor, versari, versatus vb intr to be, to dwell; to busy ones self
versus, -us n (m) verse; furrow, line, line of verse
versus adv and prep (with acc) against, towards
versutus, -a, -um adj cunning; versatile, shrewd 74
vertex, -icis n (m) whirlpool; vortex, crown of the head, head, pole, peak
verus, -a, -um adj true; genuine, proper, right
revera adv truly
veraciter adv truly
verax, -acis adj truthful
vere adv truly
verifico, verificare, verificavi, verificatum vb tr to verify
veritas, -atis n (f) truth; reality, nature, etymology
vescor, vesci, vb intr to feed upon (with abl); to eat, to enjoy, to use
vesper, -eris or -eri n (m) evening; West
vespertinus, -a, -um adj evening; western
vestigium, -ii n (n) footstep, trace, track; sole, instant
investigatio, -onis n (f) investigation
investigo, -are, investigavi, investigatum vb tr to find out, to investigate; to track after, to discover
vestis, -is n (f) clothes; carpet, tapestry
vestiarium, -ii n (n) vestiary; wardrobe
vestimentum, -ii n (n) clothes, garment; vestment, bedclothes, tapestry
vestio, vestire, vestivi, vestitum vb tr to clothe; to adorn
veto, vetare, vetui, vetitum vb tr to forbid
vetus, -eris adj old
veteres, -um n (m) the ancients; ancestors
vetulus, -a, -um adj elderly; little old
vexo, vexare, vexavi, vexatum vb tr to shake; to harass, to injure
via, -ae n (f) way, road; manner, method
devia, -orum n (n) unfrequented places
devio, deviare, deviavi, deviatum vb intr to deviate
invius, -a, -um adj impassable; without a road
obviam adv and prep (with dat) in the way of; towards, against, to meet, at hand
obvio, obviare, obviavi, obviatum vb intr to meet (with dat); to resist, to hinder, to obviate
obvius, -a, um adj in the way of; to meet, against, at hand
praevius, -a, -um adj leading the way; going before
vicis, -is n (f) turn; change, alternation, time, fate, place
invicem adv each other (used to denote reciprocal use of se)
vicus, -i n (m) village; row of houses, street
vicinus, -a, -um adj near; neighbouring, similar, kindred, allied
vicinus, -i n (m) neighbour
villa, -ae n (f) village; country-house, villa
video, videre, vidi, visum vb tr to see; to perceive, to know, to consider, to see to
evidens, -entis adj evident; apparent, manifest
improvisus, -a, -um adj unexpected; unforeseen
invideo, invidere, invidi, invisum vb tr to envy (with dat); to look askance at, to hate, to emulate
invidia, -ae n (f) envy; grudge, object of envy
invisibilis, -e adj invisible; unseen
prudens, -entis adj wise; foreseeing, foreknowing, knowing, skilled, clever
prudentia, -ae n (f) wisdom; foreseeing, knowledge, intelligence, discretion
providentia, -ae n (f) providence; foresight, foreknowledge, precaution
provideo, providere, providi, provisum vb tr to foresee, to provide for; to see ahead, to be cautious
provisio, -onis n (f) foreseeing; provision, foresight, forethought, hindrance
videlicet adv and conj clearly, namely
videor, videri, visus vb passive to seem, to seem good
visibilis, -e adj visible; seeing 75
visio, -onis n (f) vision; sight, apparition, case
visito, visitare, visitavi, visitatum vb tr to visit; to see frequently, to punish
visus, -us n (n) sight, vision; glance, appearance
vigil, -ilis adj awake, on watch, active
vigil, -ilis n (m) sentry; watchman
vigilatio, -onis n (f) vigil; wakefulness
vigilia, -ae n (f) vigil; wakefulness, watch, vigilance
vigilo, vigilare, vigilavi, vigilatum vb intr to stay awake; to be vigilant, to keep watch
viginti adj indec num twenty
vicesimus or vigesimus, -a, -um adj twentieth
vilis, -e adj cheap; common, worthless, vile, abundant
vincio, vincire, vinxi, vinctum vb tr to bind; to fasten, to fetter, to lass, to surround
vinculum, -i n (n) chain; binding, bond, rope, fetters
vinco, vincere, vici, victum vb tr to conquer
convinco, convincere, convici, convictum vb tr to refute, to convict; to convince
devinco, devincere, devici, devictum vb tr to conquer
evinco, evincere, evici, evictum vb tr to conquer; to prevail
victor, -oris n (m) victor; conqueror, master of, successful in
victoria, -ae n (f) victory
victrix, -oris n (f) victor; conqueror
vis, (pl vires) n (f) force, pl strength
inviolatus, -a, -um adj inviolate; unhurt, happy, inviolable
vindico, vindicare, vindicavi, vindicatum vb tr to avenge, to claim; to liberate
vindicta, -ae n (f) vengeance; liberating-rod, protection
violenter adv violently
violentus, -a, -um adj violent
vinum, -i n (n) wine
vinea, -ae n (f) vineyard; vine
vineatus, -a, -um adj having vineyards
vir, viri n (m) man, husband; soldier
curia, -ae n (f) court; curia, meeting house
semivir, semiviri n (m) half-man; half-man-half-beast, hermaphrodite, unmanly
virilis, -e adj manly; virile, vigorous, bold
viriliter adv vigorously; courageously
virtus, -utis n (f) virtue, strength; bravery, manhood
virga, -ae n (f) rod; slender green branch, twig, wand, staff
virgo, -inis n (f) virgin, maiden; girl, young woman, unmarried
virginitas, -atis n (f) virginity
vitium, -ii n (n) vice; fault, blemish, offence, error, crime, violation
vito, vitare, vitavi, vitatum vb tr to shun
devito, devitare, devitavi, devitatum vb tr to shun
vitrum, -i n (n) glass
vitreus, -a, -um adj of glass; glassy, brilliant, fragile
vivo, vivere, vixi, victum vb intr to live; to survive, to live well, to endure
convivium, -ii n (n) banquet; company at a table
convivo, convivere, convixi, convictum vb intr to live with; to banquet together
revivo, revivere, revixi, revictum vb intr to live again
semivivus, -a, -um adj half-dead
victus, -us n (m) food; sustenance, nourishment, way of life
vita, -ae n (f) life
vitalia, -ium n (n) vitals; grave-clothes
vivaciter adv vigorously
vivifico, vivificare, vivificavi, vivificatum vb tr to bring back to life; to vivify 76
vivus, -a, -um adj living
vix adv scarcely
voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatum vb tr to call; to summon, to name
convoco, convocare, convocavi, convocatum vb tr to call together
invoco, invocare, invocavi, invocatum vb tr to invoke; to call upon, to appeal to, to name
revoco, revocare, revocavi, revocatum vb tr to call back; to recall, to retire, to recover, to restrain
vocabulum, -i n (n) name
vocatio, -onis n (f) calling; summons, invitation
vociferor, vociferari, vociferatus vb dep to shout
vocito, vocitare, vocitavi, vocitatum vb tr and intr to call
vox, vocis n (f) voice, word; sound, saying, language
volo, volare, volavi, volatum vb intr to fly; to move swiftly
volatilis, -e adj flying; winged, swift, fleeting
volucris, -is n (f) bird; flying creature
volo, velle, volui, vb tr to wish, to want
invito, invitare, invitavi, invitatum vb tr to invite; to entertain, to summon, to incite, to attract
invitus, -a, -um adj unwilling
malo, malle, malui, vb tr to prefer
nolo, nolle, nolui, vb tr to not want, imperative do not; to wish ill
voluntas, -atis n (f) will; wish, accord, disposition, favour, testament, meaning
voluptas, -atis n (f) pleasure; delight, passion
volvo, volvere, volvi, volutum vb tr to turn, to roll, to consider
involvo, involvere, involvi, involutum vb tr to overwhelm, to wrap; to roll upon, to cover
revolvo, revolvere, revolvi, revolutum vb tr to roll back, to spin; to unwind, to reread, to repeat
volumen, -inis n (n) volume; a roll of writing, book
vomo, vomere, vomui, vomitum vb tr to vomit
evomo, evomere, evomui, evomitum vb tr to vomit out; put forth
voro, vorare, voravi, voratum vb tr to swallow; to to devour, to destroy, to use up
devoro, devorare, devoravi, devoratum vb tr to devour; to swallow up, to waste, to endure, to enjoy
vorax, -acis adj gluttonous;; devouring, lecherous
vos, vestri pron pers (2nd pers pl) you
vester, vestra, vestrum adj poss (2nd pers pl) your
voveo, vovere, vovi, votum vb tr to vow; to promise, to devote, to wish for
devote adv devoutly
devotio, -onis n (f) devotion; devoting, fealty, curse, sorcery, spell, prayer
devotus, -a, -um adj devout; devoted, abandoned to
votum, -i n (n) prayer
vulgus, -i n (n) common people; multitude, public, mob
divulgo, divulgare, divulgavi, divulgatum vb tr to spread
vulgatus, -a, -um adj Vulgate; general, common, public
vulnus, -eris n (n) wound; damage, misfortune
vulnero, vulnerare, vulneravi, vulneratum vb tr to wound; to hurt, to pain

77
THEMED VOCA BULARY LISTS

ANIMALS

accipiter, accipitris n (m) hawk

agnus, -i n (m) lamb
anas, -atis n (f) duck
animal, -alis n (n) animal; beast
aquila, -ae n (f) eagle; Roman battle standard
asellus, -i n (m) little ass
asina, -ae n (f) she-ass
asinus, -i n (m) ass; blockhead
avis, -is n (f) bird; omen
belua, -ae n (f) monster, whale; elephant, beast, brute
bestia, -ae n (f) beast; non-human animal, wild beasts
bidens, -entis n (f) animal (for sacrifice, with two rows of teeth)
bos, bovis n (m/f) ox; bull, cow
camelus, -i n (m/f) camel
canis, -is n (m/f) dog; shameless person, follower
caper, capri n (m) goat; body odour
cetus, -i n (m) whale
cervus, -i n (m) deer; stag, object resembling antlers, chevaux-de-frise
columba, -ae n (f) dove, pigeon
corvus, -i n (m) raven
draco, -onis n (m) dragon; serpent, cohorts standard, sea-serpent, the Devil
elepha(n)s, -antis n (m) or elephantus, -i n (m) elephant
equus, -i n (m) horse 78
fera, -ae n (f) wild animal
ferina, -ae n (f) wild animal; game
gallina, -ae n (f) hen
gallus, -i n (m) rooster
grex, gregis n (m) flock; herd, drive, swarm, troop, crowd, company
iumentum, -i n (n) beast of burden; carriage
leo, -onis n (m) lion; lions skin
lupus, -i n (m) wolf
lustrum, -i n (n) lair; den, bog, forest, house of ill-repute, debauchery
mulus, -i n (m) mule
ovis, -is n (f) sheep; wool, simpleton
ovile, -is n (n) sheepfold; goatfold, enclosed space
papilio, -onis n (m) tent; butterfly, moth
pardus, -i n (m) pard (mates with a lion to produce a leopard); panther
pecu, -us n (n) cattle; pastures, money
pecus, -oris n (n) cattle; herd
pecus, -udis n (m) cattle; beast, brute animal, head of cattle
porcus, -i n (m) pig; hog, porpoise
serpens, -entis n (m) serpent
sus, suis n (m/f) swine; pig, hog
taurus, -i n (m) bull
turtur, turturis n (m) turtle-dove
ursus, -i n (m) bear
vacca, -ae n (f) cow
vermis, -is n (m) worm
volucris, -is n (f) bird; flying creature
ARTS AND LITERATURE

alchimia, -ae n (f) alchemy

algebra, -ae n (f) algebra (al-jabr: restoration)
arithmetica, -ae n (f) arithmetic
arithmeticus, -a, -um adj arithmetical
astrologia, -ae n (f) astrology; astronomy
astronomia, -ae n (f) astronomy
chronicon, -i n (n) chronicle
charta, -ae n (f) letter; leaf of papyrus, tablet, paper, charter
codex, -icis n (m) book; tree trunk, block of wood (or two fastened together)
dialectica, -ae n (f) dialectic; logic
dialogus, -i n (m) dialogue; conversation
epistula, -ae (epistola) n (f) letter; epistle, written communication, imperial law
ethica, -ae n (f) ethics
etymologia, -ae n (f) etymology
geometres, -ae n (m) geometer
geometrica, -ae n (f) geometry
geometricus, -a, -um adj geometric
grammatica, -ae n (f) grammar
historia, -ae n (f) history; narrative, story, subject of discourse
liber, libri n (m) book; inner bark of a tree, papyrus, paper, treatise, work
libellus, -i n (m) little book; pamphlet, journal, notice, letter, libel, brief
littera, -ae n (f) letter; letter of the alphabet, word, handwriting, epistle
litteratus, -a, -um adj literate; lettered, learned 79
logicum, -i n (n) logic
musica, -ae n (f) music
nigromantia, -ae n (f) necromancy
philosophia, -ae n (f) philosophy; philosophical subject, philosophical sect
philosophicus, -a, -um adj philosophical
philolosphus, -i n (m) philosopher
physica, -ae n (f) physics; natural science
poeta, -ae n (m) poet; maker, producer
prosus, -a, -um adj prose; straight-forward, prosaic
prosa, -ae n (f) prose (literary genre)
schola, -ae n (f) school; disputation, lecture, sect
scholaris, -e adj scholarly; belonging to a school
theologia, -ae n (f) theology
BODY PARTS

ala, -ae n (f) wing; armpit

bracchium, -ii n (n) arm; forearm, whole arm, branches, extensions of objects
calx, calcis n (f) heel; foot, foot of an object
capillus, -i n (m) hair (includes beard); hair of animals, threads
caput, -itis n (n) head; origin, summit, life, leader
caro, carnis n (f) flesh
cervix, -icis n (f) neck
collum, -i n (n) neck
coma, -ae n (f) hair (of the head only), foliage; crest of a helmet, mane
cor, cordis n (n) heart
corpus, -oris n (n) body; corpse, flesh, trunk, person, corporation
cutis, -is n (f) skin, rind, surface
dens, dentis n (m) tooth; tine, prong, envy
dext(e)ra, -ae n (f) right hand; the right side, friendship
digitus, -i n (m) finger; toe, twig, inch
dorsum, -i n (n) back; ridge of a hill
fauces, -ium n (f) throat; inlet, entrances, jaws, abyss
femur, -oris n (n) thigh
frons, frontis n (f) forehead; brow, front, outside, appearance
gena, -ae n (f) cheek; eyelid, eye
genu, -us n (n) knee; knot 80
gremium, -ii n (n) bosom; lap, pocket, female genitals, interior part
gula, -ae n (f) throat, gullet, gluttony
guttur, -uris n (n) throat; gullet gluttony
ilia, -ium n (n) groin; flank, genitals
labium, -ii n (n) lip
latus, -eris n (n) side; flank, body, intimacy, relationship
lingua, -ae n (f) tongue, language; speech, utterance
lumbus, -i n (m) loin; genitals
lumen, -inis n (n) eye, light
membrum, -i n (n) limb; member, penis, part, division
naris, -is n (f) nostril; nose, opening, vent
nasus, -i n (m) nose; nozzle, spout
natis, -is n (f) buttock; rump
nervus, -i n (m) muscle; sinew, tendon, nerve, string, bow, prison, vigor
oculus, -i n (m) eye; sight, luminary, bulb, principal ornament, minds eye
os, oris n (n) mouth, face
os, ossis n (n) bone; innermost part
palma, -ae n (f) palm; hand, sole, oar-blade, palm-tree, date, palm-branch
pectus, -oris n (n) chest; breast, breastbone, stomach, feelings, heart, spirit
supercilium, -ii n (n) eyebrow; brow, ridge, nod, pride
tergum, -i n (n) back; body, skin, hide, leather
vena, -ae n (f) vein; blood-vessel, artery, vein of metal, strength, interior
venter, ventris n (m) belly, womb; paunch, appetite, fetus, bowels
viscera, -um n (n) entrails, heart; internal organs, flesh, offspring, bowels
vultus, -us n (m) face; countenance, expression, appearance, portrait
ECCLESIASTICAL TERMS

abbas, -atis n (m) abbot

absida, -ae n (f) apse
altar(e), -is n (n) altar; that which is place on the altar proper (ara)
amen adv amen; So be it, truly
anathema, -atis n (n) anathema; cursed thing, person cursed/excommunicated
angelus, -i n (m) angel; messenger
angelicus, -a, -um adj angelic; dactylic (measure)
evangelicus, -a, -um adj evangelic
evangelista, -ae n (m) Evangelist
evangelium, -ii n (n) Gospel; good news
evangelizo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr and intr to evangelize; to preach the Gospel
apostolus, -i n (m) apostle (one who is sent away)
apostato, -are, -avi, -atum vb intr to apostatize (abandon ones religion)
apostolicus, -a, -um adj apostolic
ara, -ae n (f) altar
baptisma, -atis n (n) baptism; dipping in
baptismum, -i n (n) baptism
baptisterium, -ii n (n) baptistery; vessel or place for bathing
baptizo, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to baptize
basilica, -ae n (f) basilica; public building for judicial tribunals or exchange
blasphemia, -ae n (f) blasphemy; reviling, slander
caerimonia, -ae n (f) ceremony; sacredness, veneration
canon, -onis n (m) canon (rule); model, wooden channel, tribute, (pl) cannon 81
canonicus, -a, -um adj canon(ical); according to rule, at regular interval
canonicus, -i n (m) canon (clergy); one of the rule or discipline
concanonicus, -i n (m) fellow canon
capella, -ae n (f) chapel; a small cape
capellanus, -i n (m) chaplain
cardinalis, -is n (m) Cardinal
catechumenus, -i n (m) catechumen
cathedra, -ae n (f) see, chair
cathedralis, -e adj cathedral
incathedro, -are, incathedravi, incathedratum vb tr to invest
catholicus, -a, -um adj Catholic; universal
clerus, -i n (m) clergy
clericalis, -e adj clerical
clericus, -i n (m) cleric
coenobium, -ii n (n) monastery; cloister, convent
daemon, -onis n (m) demon; spirit, celestial sign
daemonium, -ii n (n) demon; little spirit
deus, -i n (m) God, god
dea, -ae n (f) goddess
deitas, -atis n (f) deity
deiformis, -e adj God-like
divinitas, -atis n (f) divinity; divination, excellence
divinus, -a, -um adj divine; divinely inspired, godlike
di(v)us, -i n (m) god; deity
divum, -i n (n) sky
diabolus, -i n (m) devil
diabolicus, -a, -um adj diabolic
diaconus, -i n (m) deacon
archidiaconus, -i n (m) archdeacon
condiaconus, -i n (m) fellow deacon
dogma, -atis n (n) teaching; philosophical tenet, doctrine, decree
ecclesia, -ae n (f) Church; assembly, congregation
ecclesiasticus, -a, -um adj ecclesiastic
eleemosyna, -ae n (f) alms
episcopus, -i n (m) bishop; overseer, superintendent
archiepiscopalis, -e adj archiepiscopal
archiepiscopus, i n (m) archbishop
episcopatus, -us n (m) bishopric; episcopate
exorcismus, -i n (m) exorcism
exorcista, -ae n (m) exorcist
haeresis, -is n (f) heresy; sect
haereticus, -a, -um adj heretical
haereticus, -i n (m) heretic
holocaustum, -i n (n) burnt offering
hymnus, -i n (m) hymn
idolum or idolon, -i n (n) idol; image, ghost
ieiuno, ieiunare, ieiunavi, ieiunatum vb intr to fast; to abstain from
ieiunium, -ii n (n) fast; fast-day, hunger, leanness, barrenness
immolo, immolare, immolavi, immolatum vb tr to sacrifice; to sprinkle a victim with meal, to immolate
levita, -ae n (m) deacon; Levite
martyr, -yris n (m/f) martyr
martyrium, -i n (n) martyrdom; martyrs grave, church dedicated to a saint
missa, -ae n (f) mass
mitratus, -a, -um adj mitred 82
monachus, -i n (m) monk
monachicus, -a, -um adj monastic; monkish
monasteriolus, -i n (m) little monastery
monasterium, -ii n (n) monastery
mysterium, -ii n (n) mystery; secret worship, secret rites, secret
oro, orare, oravi, oratum vb tr and intr to pray; to beg, to plead, to treat, to argue
adoro, adorare, adoravi, adoratum vb tr to adore; to entreat, to pray to, to worship, to admire
exoro, exorare, exoravi, exoratum vb tr to pray, to beg; to persuade by entreaty
oraculum, -i n (n) oracle; prophecy, mercy-seat
oratio, -onis n (f) prayer, speech; discourse, language, style, oration, prose
orator, -oris n (m) one who prays; orator, speaker, ambassador, suppliant
oratorium, -ii n (n) oratory
organum, -i n (n) Psalms, instrument
paeniteo, paenitere, paenitui, vb tr and impers to do penance, to be sorry; to displease, to concern
paenitentia, -ae n (f) penance; repentance
paganus, -i n (m) pagan; belonging to the country or village, rustic
papa, -ae n (m) Pope; father, bishop
parabola, -ae n (f) speech; comparison, parable, proverb, taunting speech
paradisus, -i n (m) Paradise; park
pascha, -ae n (f) Easter, Passover; paschal lamb
pecco, peccare, peccavi, peccatum vb intr to sin; to mistake, to make a mistake, to fail, to miscarry
peccator, -oris n (m) sinner
peccatum, -i n (n) sin; fault, guilt, punishment of sin
plasmo, plasmare, plasmavi, plasmatum vb tr to form
protoplastus, -i n (m) first-created man, Adam
plebanus, -i n (m) secular priest
pontifex, -icis n (m) Bishop, Pontiff (Pope); high-priest
pontificalis, -e adj pontifical
pontificatus, -us n (m) bishopric, pontificate
praelatus, -i n (m) prelate (clerical rank)
precor, precari, precatus vb dep to pray; to ask, to speak as a suppliant, to hail, to curse
deprecor, deprecari, deprecatus vb dep to pray; to avert by prayer, to intercede, to imprecate
imprecor, imprecari, imprecatus vb dep to pray for; to invoke, to pray to
precamen, -inis n (n) prayer
precatio, -onis n (f) prayer, supplication
precatorius, -a, -um adj precatory
prex, precis n (f) prayer; request greeting, curse, intercession
presbyter, -eri n (m) priest; elder
presbyteratus, -us n (m) priesthood; presbyterate
prior, -oris n (m) prior (monastic rank)
supprior, -oris n (m) subprior (monastic rank)
prodigium, -ii n (n) prophetic sign; wonder, monster, prodigy
profanus, -a, -um adj profane; unholy, common, wicked, ignorant, ill-boding
propheta, -ae n (m) prophet
prophetia, -ae n (f) prophecy; body of prophets
prophetice adv prophetically
propheticus, -a, -um adj prophetic
psalmus, -i n (m) psalm, Psalm
psalterium, -ii n (n) Psalter, psaltery (instrument);song sung to psaltery, satire
quadragesima, -ae n (f) Lent
religio, -onis n (f) religion, monasticism; religious awe, scrupulousness
religiosus, -a, -um adj religious; pious, clerical, scrupulous, accurate, holy
ritus, -us n (m) rite; custom, way, habit 83
rite adv duly; according to rite, in the usual manner
sabbatum, -i n (n) Saturday; Sabbath
sacer, sacra, sacrum adj holy; dedicated to a deity, sacred, accursed, execrable
consecrator, -oris n (m) consecrator
consecro, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr to consecrate; to dedicate, to deify, to immortalize
obsecro, obsecrare, obsecravi, obsecratum vb tr to beseech; to supplicate, to conjure
sacerdos, -otis n (m/f) priest; priestess
sacerdotium, -ii n (n) priesthood
sacramentum, -i n (n) sacrament, oath; secret, gospel revelation, mystery
sacrificium, -ii n (n) sacrifice
sacro, sacrare, sacravi, sacratum vb tr to dedicate, to make sacred; to condemn, to worship
sacrosanctus, -a, -um adj sacrosanct; fixed as inviolable, most holy
sanctus, -a, -um adj holy, saint; rendered sacred, venerable, innocent, pious
sanctificatio, -onis n (f) holiness; sanctification
sanctifico, -are, sanctificavi, sanctificatum vb tr to make holy; to sanctify, to consecrate
sanctimonialis, -e adj holy; monastic
schisma, -atis n (n) schism
synodus, -i n (f) synod
FOOD AND DRINK

amarus, -a, -um adj bitter, salty; shrill, offensive, unpleasant, caustic, morose
bibo, bibere, bibi, bibitum vb tr to drink; to draw in
calix, calicis n (m) chalice; goblet, wine, cooking-vessel
cena, -ae n (f) dinner, Supper; dish, course, table company
cibus, -i n (m) food
cibaria, -orum n (n) foodstuff
coquo, coquere, coxi, coctum vb tr to cook; to consider, to vex
coquinarius, -a, -um adj culinary
coquus, -i n (m) cook
decoquo, decoquere, decoxi, decoctum vb tr to cook; to boil away, to bankrupt, to waste
excoquo, excoquere, excoxi, excoctum vb tr to boil out; to dry up
crapula, -ae n (f) drunkenness
daps or dapis, -is n (f) meal, feast
dapifer, dapiferis n (m) steward, seneschal; servant who waits tables
ebriosus, -a, -um adj drunk; addicted to drink, juicy
ebrietas, -atis n (f) drunkenness; juiciness
inebrio, inebriare, inebriavi, inebriatum vb tr to intoxicate; to saturate
sobrietas, -atis n (f) sobriety; temperance, moderation, prudence
edo, esse, edi, esum vb tr to eat; to consume, to destroy, to devour
comedo, comedere, comedi, comesum vb tr to eat; to devour, to waste
exedo, exedere, exedi, exesum vb tr to eat up; to consume, to destroy, to corrode
inedia, -ae n (f) inability to eat; fasting
epulum, -i n heterocl. (n) pl epulae, -arum (f) feast; sumptuous dishes, banquet
far, farris n (n) grain, spelt, coarse meal
farina, -ae n (f) flour 84
favus, -i n (m) honeycomb
haurio, haurire, hausi, haustum vb tr to drink; to draw out, to spill, to exhaust, to derive
holus, -eris n (n) vegetables; kitchen herbs, cabbage, turnips, plain diet
lac, lactis n (n) milk; something sweet, juice of a plant, milk-white colour
merum, -i n (n) unmixed wine
nectar, -aris n (n) nectar; the drink of the gods
olla, -ae n (f) pot; jar
panis, -is n (m) bread; loaf, food
pincerna, -ae n (m) cup-bearer, butler
pistor, -oris n (m) baker; miller, pastry-cook
prandium, -ii n (n) late breakfast; lunch, meal, fodder
pulmentum, -i n (n) anything eaten with bread; condiment, relish
saliva, -ae n (f) saliva; spit, slime, taste, appetite
sal, salis n (m) salt, sea, good sense, cunning, wit, elegance, sharpness
salsus, -a, -um adj salty
uter, utris n (n) water-skin; wine-skin
uva, -ae n (f) grape; bunch of grapes, vine, cluster, uvula
vinum, -i n (n) wine
COLOURS

albus, -a, -um adj white; pale, favourable, bright

argenteus, -a, -um adj silver; adorned with silver, silvery white, monetary
ater, atra, atrum adj black; dark, gloomy, malevolent, obscure
aureus, -a, -um adj golden; gilded, beautiful
candidus, -a, -um adj white; bright, resplendent, hoary, clean, clear, happy
clarus, -a, -um adj bright, famous; clear, manifest
color, -oris n (m) colour; complexion, dye, condition, fashion, splendor
discoloris, -e adj of different colors; of another color, variegated, various
flavus, -a, -um adj yellow; golden
niger, nigra, nigrum adj black; pertaining to death, sad, unlucky, wicked
purpura, -ae n (f) purple; purple-fish, purple cloth, high dignity
purpuratus, -a, -um adj clad in purple
roseus, -a, -um adj red; rosy
ruber, rubra, rubrum adj red (includes orange), ruddy
erubesco, erubescere, erubui, vb intr to blush; to grow red, to be ashamed
rubeus, -a, -um adj red; reddish
rubicundus, -a, -um adj red; ruddy, filled with redness
viridis, -e adj green; young, lively

PLANTS

arbor, -oris n (f) tree

cedrus, -i n (f) cedar
frons, frondis n (f) leaf; leafy bough, garland
hedera, -ae n (f) ivy 85
herba, -ae n (f) herb, grass; green crops, weeds
hortus, -i n (m) garden; enclosure for plants, vegetables
lignum, -i n (n) beam, the Cross, tree; wood, timber, writing tablet, staff
lilium, -ii n (n) lily
nemus, -oris n (n) grove; wood with meadow, heath, tree
pratum, -i n (n) meadow; meadow grass, broad field
radix, -icis n (f) root; radish, foot, foundation, origin
rosa, -ae n (f) rose
silva, -ae n (f) forest; woodland, orchard, grove, trees, crowd
silvestris, -e adj wild; overgrown with trees, wooded, sylvan, pastoral
spica, -ae n (f) ear of grain; point, spike, tuft, hair-pin
spina, -ae n (f) thorn, difficulty; spine, cares, errors
stirps, stirpis n (f) stem; stalk, shrub, root, stock, lineage, origin, beginning
sycomorus, -i n (f) mulberry tree

INTERJECTIONS

ecce interj Behold!

en interj Lo!
hercle (mehercule) interj By Hercules!
heu (eheu) interj Alas!
o interj (introducing direct address) Oh!
proh interj Alas!
WAR AND WEAPONS

acies, -ei n (f) battle line; sharp edge, sharpness, debate

arma, -orum n (n) arms; armour, shield, defense, implements(in general)
armamentarium, -ii n (n) armory; arsenal
armo, armare, armavi, armatum vb tr to arm; to equip, to to excite
bellum, -i n (n) war
bellator, -oris n (m) warrior
bellicosus, -a, -um adj fierce; warlike
bellicus, -a, -um adj of war; incited, war-like
belligero, -are, belligeravi, belligeratum vb tr to wage war
debello, -are, -avi, -atum vb tr and intr to vanquish; to finish a war
castrum, -i n (n) pertaining to the camp
castellum, -i n (n) castle, city; fortress
castra, -orum n (n) camp; castle, refuge
castrensis, -e adj camp; days march, military service, party, sect
classis, -is n (f) fleet; class, rank, army, division
cohors, -ortis n (f) armed force; enclosed space, cohort, crowd, attendants
dux, ducis n (m) duke, ealdorman, general, leader; guide
ensis, -is n (m) sword; war, royal sway
eques, -itis n (m) horseman; rider, knight, the equestrian order
equito, equitare, equitavi, equitatum vb tr and intr to ride a horse; to manoeuvre, to go, to ride through
galea, -ae n (f) galley; helmet
gladius, -ii n (m) sword
hasta, -ae n (f) spear; lance, pike, javelin
miles, -itis n (m) knight, soldier; infantry, marine, army, chessman
militaris, -e adj military; martial, warlike 86
militia, -ae n (f) military; warfare, military service, bravery, civil service
milito, militare, militavi, militatum vb intr to serve as a soldier; to wage war
mucro, -onis n (m) sword; sharp end of a sword, sharpness
pharetra, -ae n (f) quiver
pirata, -ae n (m) pirate
proelium, -ii n (n) battle; combat, warrior, contest
proelior, proeliari, proeliatus vb dep to battle; to fight, to contend
pugno, pugnare, pugnavi, pugnatum vb intr to fight; to engage in combat, to oppose, to struggle
expugno, expugnare, expugnavi, expugnatum vb tr to assault; to subdue, to conquer, to refute
pugna, -ae n (f) fight; fist fight, combat, line of battle, dispute
spatha, -ae n (f) broadsword
telum, -a n (n) weapon; missile, spear, an offensive weapon
torneamentum, -i n (n) tournament
triumphus, -i n (m) triumph
triumphalis, -e adj triumphal
turma, -ae n (f) sing squadron, pl troops

Please report any typographical errors found in this word-list to Morris Tichenor, m.tichenor@utoronto.ca, for correction.

22 April 2014