Do You Need an Operating System?

Peripherals and system parts are a collection of electronics that work together in order to perform
a specific task. The program that every computer uses to control and manage all these parts is
called the operating system (OS).
For example, a user that wants to write a document and print it out on a network printer needs an
application like Microsoft Word to accomplish this job. Microsoft Word works with the OS in
order to accomplish all the word processing tasks. The operating system controls all the input
and output functions. All the personal computers, the servers and the handheld devices require an
OS in order to function.
The operating system works like an interpreter between software applications and the hardware.
An individual interacts with the computer hardware through an application, like Microsoft Excel,
Adobe Photoshop, etc. Software applications are made for a particular purpose. On the other
hand the OS is responsible for the communication between the software application and the
computer's hardware.
When a PC is powered on it loads the operating system from the hard disk into RAM. The part of
the operating system that interacts directly with the hardware is called kernel. The part of the
operating system that it is visible to the user is called shell. The user can use the shell from the
command line interface (CLI) or from the graphical user interface (GUI).
The user that uses the CLI interacts directly with the OS in a text-based environment by typing
commands at a command prompt. The computer executes the command and provides textual
output. The user can also use the GUI and control the computer from an environment that uses
graphical images, multimedia, as well as text. This is more user-friendly and requires less
knowledge than CLI. Therefore, most users work with GUI environments. Microsoft Windows
and Linux operating systems offer both GUI and CLI.
All the modern operating systems allow the user to multitask. The OS keeps track of which
resources are used by which software program.
In order to work with devices that are not directly attached to the PC, a special software
application must be installed that allows a device to send and receive data from the net. This is
called redirector and usually it is an integral part of the OS but sometimes you need to install it
separately as a network client. After you install it, the OS becomes a network OS (NOS).

http://matthewakins.blogspot.ro/2012/03/do-you-need-operating-system.html

I. Translate into English and re-dimension the sentence:

Calul troian face prapad si astazi, iar cetatile cucerite sunt milioanele de PC-uri infectate cu
acesti troieni, anume programe de calculator, destul de comune, insa periculoase, cu toate ca nu
sunt virusi pe computer, troienilor li se spune virusi troieni".care se infiltreaza in computerele
utilizatorilor prin programe in aparenta inofensive, pentru ca mai tarziu, infectand si alte fisiere,
sa provoace un adevarat haos in calculatorul infestat, sau sa-l foloseasca pe post de zombie" fie
pentru trimiterea de spam-uri, fie pentru atacuri informationale.