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GOOD READS-2:
General
Studies Impact of climate Change and Sustainable
GS Agriculture
Foundation
Batch Climate change, the word which has been in vogue since the decades from 1970s, gained prominence after the
realization of the fact that if the levels of pollution and emission were not tackled actively the consequences of it
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would be grave for the future generations.
IAS-GS-
Foundation-
Coaching- At International level the major and path breaking shift in the policies towards this concern was taken in the year
Batch) 1992 when the United Nations Framework convention on climate change (UNFCCC) came into actuality. UNFCCC
is an International environmental treaty negotiated at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro and entered into force
on March 21, 1994. Then it was the Kyoto protocol which extends the 1992 UNFCCC and commits the state
Prelims parties to reduce Green House Gases emissions in line with tackling the C02 level.
Test-Series The affects of climate change, without doubt would have serious civilization threatening consequences. The
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increase in the global temperature will jeopardize the subsistence of living organisms, be it human or animals
both will have to suffer as change in climatic conditions would not only cause an interference in climate but also
the related things of it like living conditions, dietary habits, productivity of crops, effects on biodiversity, food
 the related things of it like living conditions, dietary habits, productivity of crops, effects on biodiversity, food
Ethics (GS chain, safe and clear surrounding etc which in sum can be said as it would refashion the contemporary life style
Paper-IV) proposition of subsistence.
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So, in this regard the think-tank at global level are analyzing the possible mitigation it can do to contain the
GS-Paper-IV- approaching menace. In line with this, the sustainable development goals were adopted by the members of
Module) United Nations. The goals being 17 in overall, for period between 2015-30, in such, the goal 13 urges countries
to take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts following the Cop to the UNFCCC in Paris, the
member nations will have to make their strategies for their respective contribution to both adaptation and
mitigation of climate change.

International
Relations
The areas of concern in this article would be the effects of climate change on the agriculture and practices
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related with it with focus being on India as here the agriculture is having prominence role in livelihood and
Relations-GS- economy. The firm issue in such is the unfavorable rise in the mean temperature, alteration in the rainfall
Paper-II) patterns, sea level rise, constant and harsh coastal storms and tsunamis. If one would review the action taken so
far in terms of activeness and affects, it would not be wrong to say that the rise in temperature would see an
increase in up to 3 degree by the end of century and as if it happens the mean rise in temperature would alter
GS the agriculture seasons and duration of cropping. For example, in north India there would be reduction in the
duration of wheat resulting in a loss. But on the other side certain regions of the world would benefit from such
Economy
rise which will result in the more productivity of crop. Thus, the climate change will have both the common and
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differentiated impacts.
Survey-And-
On the policy front, India in line with its commitment to take steps to reduce the GHG emissions had announced
Budget) the following two major decisions:

Reduce by 2030 the GDP level emission by 32 to 35 percent from 2005 level
Current
Would generate about 40 percent of its electricity need from non-fossil based energy sources as nuclear,
Affairs
solar, wind, biomass, biogas, hydel etc.
Coaching
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The areas of concern as such the rise in mean temperature and sea level for which we have to take the prospect
Current- action to insulate lives and livelihoods in particular of the vulnerable areas from the adverse impacts of climate
Affairs- change. The blue print for such steps should include the strategy to maximize the benefits of good monsoons
and increase the productivity and preparedness from any adverse impact. The unfavorable climatic condition
Coaching- and consequences related with it would be general in nature but we have to prepare laws and plans tailor made
Delhi-Centre) for the local situation. In India we have some central and state laws which deals with the programme and
possible steps which can be taken to achieve sustainable results regarding climatic concerns. We do have a
policy paralysis then policy optimality but still we fare good in terms of achieving the intended targets.
 policy paralysis then policy optimality but still we fare good in terms of achieving the intended targets.
GS Improvement in such situation can be deal by the decentralization of policies and steps. One such suggestion in
Reference this regard can be to establish at the panchayat level, climate risk management centre and train a cadre of
community climate risk manager.
Books
Another area is the change in dietary habits like the conservation climate smart millets and their reintroduction
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in the diet. The millets and other underutilized crops are more tolerant to drought and heat and also nutritious.
The farming system for adaption to the climate change designed by ICAR, Agricultural universities, Krishi vigyan
kendras and popularize through local men and women trained to become climate risk manager. There will be
need for anticipatory research in several areas of farming which will need change. For example crops like wheat
and rice breeder should shift attention to per day productivity from per crop productivity, since the duration of
crop is likely to get reduced.

Another area which will require anticipatory attention is the preparation for halving the affects of frequent floods
and hailstorms. We have the genes which can help the plant like rice to grow over the flood level such
elongation genes will have to be introduced in all flood prone areas.

The challenge of coastal areas can be mitigated by increasing and conserving the mangrove forest as they serve
as they serve as bio-sheilds. There is scope for now bio-saline farming involving both halophytes and marine
aquaculture. Among the mitigation steps aforestation in the people centered manner will help to reduce the co2
burden in the atmosphere. Methane which is another green house gas can be used to promote biogas plant.
This would help to both to prevent accumulation in the atmosphere and at the same time provide fuel and
fertilizer for the farmer. Nitrous oxide emissions as a result of fertilizer application can be reduced through the
use of neem coated urea.

The help of technology can be taken to use in giving information related with weather events and disseminating
the knowledge to the concerned.

Climate change can be a mega catastrophe if we do not take action both in area of adaptation and mitigation.
Anticipatory preparation to potential changes in temperature, precipitation and sea level can help to introduce
new technology in farming. The technological transformation of small scale agriculture and fisheries can be a
beneficial outcome. Climate change has increased the volatility of agricultural commodities. The future will
belong to the nations with grains and not guns. The opportunities is now for changing a potential concern like
climate change into a tool for accomplish the goal of sustainable agriculture.

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