CONCEPTUAL/ LOGICAL and PHYSICAL DATA MODEL

Conceptual, logical and physical model or ERD are three different ways of modeling data in a domain.
While they all contain entities and relationship, they differ in the purpose they are created for and
audiences they are meant to target. A general understanding to the three models is that, business
analyst uses conceptual and logical model for modeling the data required and produced by system from
a business angle, while database designer refines the early design to produce the physical model for
presenting physical database structure ready for database construction

CONCEPTUAL MODEL
Conceptual ERD models information gathered from business requirements. Entities and
relationship modeled in such ERD are define around the businesss need. The need of satisfying
the databases design is not considered yet. Conceptual ERD is the simplest model among all.
Conceptual ERD supports the use of generalization in modeling the a kind of relationship
between two entities, for instance, triangle, is a kind of shape. The usage is like generalization in
UML. Notice that only conceptual ERD support generalization.

LOGICAL MODEL
Logical ERD also model information gathered from business requirements. It is more complex
than conceptual model in that column types are set. Note that the setting of column types is
optional and if you do that, you should be doing that to aid business analysis. It has nothing ti do
with database creation yet.

PHYSICAL MODEL
Physical ERD represent the actual design blueprint of a relational database. It represents how
data should be structured and related in a specific DBMS so it is important to consider the
convention and restriction of the DBMS you use when you are designing a physical ERD. This
means that an accurate use of data types is needed for entity columns and the use of reserved
word has to be avoided in naming entities and columns, beside database designer may also add
primary keys, foreign keys and constraints to the design.

TRANSITING FORM CONCEPTUAL/ LOGICAL to PHYSICAL ERD

Model transitor enables you to transit a logical ERD to a physical ERD and with the transition
relationship maintained. To transit, right click on the background of youtt conceptual/ logical
ERD, and then select utilities > transit to logical/ physical ERD from the popup menu. This will
from a new ERD with new entities there. You can make changes like to rename the entities and
coloumn, or to add extra entities in the new ERD.
Alternatively, select transit to logical ERD or transit to physical ERD from the action bar on the
right of an ERD to transit the opened, conceptual ERD to logical/ physical, or to transit a logical
ERD to physical ERD.
 CDM (Conseptual Data Model)
Dipakai untuk menggambarkan secara detail struktur basis data dalam bentuk logic.
Struktur ini independen terhadap semua software maupun struktur data storage tertentu yang
digunakan dalam aplikasi ini. CDM terdiri dari objek yang tidak diimplementasikan secara
langsung ke dalam basis data yang sesungguhnya
*CDM = perancangan basis data yang berdasarkan pengumpulan data dan analisis
*pembuatan CDM adalah suatu tahap dimana kita melakukan proses identifikasi dan anlisa
kebutuhan- kebutuhan data dan ini disebut pengumpulan data dan analisa. Untuk menentukan
kebutuhan- kebutuhan suatu system database, kita harus mengenal terlebih dahulu bagian-
bagian lain dari system informasi yang akan berinteraksi dengan system database. Tipe data
bersifat general dan tidak spesifik.

PDM (Physical Data Model)

Merupakan gambaran secara detail basis data dalam bentuk fisik. Penggambaran
rancangan PDM memperlihatkan struktur penyimpanan data yang benar pada basis data yang
digunakan sesungguhnya
*PDM = perancangan database secara fisik
*tipe data bersifat lebih khusus dan spesifik. Perancangan PDM merupakan representasi fisik/
sebenarnya dari database.

Perbedaan CDM dan PDM

Menurut ANSI/ SPARC, arsitektur basis data terbagi atas 3 level yaitu :
Internal/ Physical level : (yang dapat direpresentasikan dengan PDM) berhubungan dengan
bagaimana data disimpan secara fisik (physical storage)
External/ View level : berhubungan dengan bagaimana data di representasikan dari sisi setiap
user
Conceptual/ Logical level : (yang dapat direpresentasikan dengan CDM) yang menghubungkan
antara internal & external level

SOAL
Buatlah sebuah conseptual data model dalam lingkup kecil
Buatlah sebuah Physical data model dalam lingkup kecil

Pre-test :
Apa yang anda ketahui tentang conseptual data model?
Apa yang anda ketahui tentang physical data midel?

Post-test :
Sebutkan 5 perbedaan dari CDM dan PDM!