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1,2,3,4,5 Student,Dept. Of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Pragati Engineering College, Surampalem,
AP, India.
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Abstract This paper presents the design of a system to The objective of this paper is to detect the failure of
detect the synchronization failure of any external supply synchronization in power grid. This is a demonstration
source to the power grid on sensing the abnormalities in devised to provide such kind of a system that could detect
frequency and voltage and thereby protecting the load. There the failure in synchronous working of the power grid in case
are several power generation units connected to the grid such any external supply source that is supplying to the grid is
as hydra, thermal, solar etc., to supply power to the load. These encountering any kind of abnormalities may be in frequency
generating units need to supply power according to the rules and voltage levels.
of the grid. These rules involve maintaining a voltage variation
within limits and also the frequency. If any deviation from the This detecting power grid synchronization failure system on
acceptable limit of the grid, it is mandatory that the same sensing frequency or voltage beyond the acceptable range
feeder should automatically get disconnected from the grid could be used in that power houses where different supply
which by effect is termed as islanding. This prevents in large sources are connected parallel together to fulfill the energy
scale brown out or black out of the grid power. So, it is demand.
preferable to have a system which can warn the grid in
advance so that alternate arrangements are kept on standby This system could be used in home automation system,
to avoid complete grid failure. This system is based on Arduino where the consumer has different energy sources such as
Uno microcontroller. The microcontroller monitors the solar or wind energy. By using this system, the consumer
under/over voltage being derived from a set of comparators load could be automatically shifted to another source of
and a standard Arduino is used to vary the input voltage to energy.
test the functioning of the paper. A lamp load (indicating a
predictable blackout, brownout) being driven from the 1.2 Power Grid Synchronization
microcontroller in case of voltage/frequency going out of
acceptable range. GPS and GSM technologies are used to Synchronization means the minimization of
indicate the fault location. difference in voltage, frequency and phase angle between the
corresponding phases of the generator output and grid
Key Words: Synchronization, Power Grid, Black Out, Bridge supply This system is more compact and reliable as
Rectifier, GSM Modem, Arduino UNO, Relay, LCD. compared to the manual system. This system is less
expensive as compared to the other systems
1. INTRODUCTION
The necessity for synchronizing and parallel
generator operation is often based on the following:
1.1 Synchronization Detection of Failures
The rated generating capacity of an existing system has
Power grids are vast complex networks that make
been exceeded by new load demands.
up a large part of an infrastructure. Many precautions are
Enhanced reliability (multiple generating vs. single unit
taken, and operators hired to maintain reliability, however
generating) is to be considered.
three fourths of power outages are caused by operator
errors. These errors can be avoided by automatic Operating efficiency of generator sets is a valid concern.
adjustments based on models of the grid system. The model
explored is ensuring generator synchronization within the Conditions of synchronization are Voltage fluctuation,
system. Finally, not only will the grid not have destructive Voltage magnitude, Phase sequence, Frequency, Phases.
interference, constructive interference will occur which Synchronization Limits are
increases the total power the grid can produce which
optimizes the grid. 1. Phase angle- +/-20 degrees
2. Maximum voltage difference 7%
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1955
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Figure shows the Detection of power grid Fig -4: Display of Heavy load in LCD
synchronization failure on sensing frequency and voltage
beyond acceptable range and automatic load protection by 4.2 Micro Controller Output
tripping. In this 230v power supply is given to the step down
transformer. Rating of the transformer is 12v. It can be given Voltage detection is by done by varying the
to bride rectifier which consists of rectifier, filter and a Pot(potentiometer) after reaching the acceptable range the
voltage regulator. Rectifier converts the ac into dc and filter LCD displays the that the voltage is EXCEED 230V and the
gives the pure dc signal by blocking ripples. Microcontroller relay will be tripped and load of AC is protected. The location
receives this DC power from rectifiers. The output of the of fault latitude and longitude is displays in the computer of
microcontroller is connected to162 LCD Display. In case the field engineer and a SMS is send to the mobile. The
one for proper synchronization load testing is done by frequency detection is done before the tripping of the light
connecting Heavy load lamp of 20W and for light load LED load the light flicker and frequency change will be displayed
are connected. For voltage detection by using GSM and GPS on the LCD. Hence a continuous monitoring load and faults in
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1957
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1958