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2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1651
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
3. NUMERICAL MODEL AND SOLUTION PROCEDURE There are following boundary conditions are made to the
problem.
The present physical problem of jet impingement cooling of
a) Nozzle exit: At the exit of the nozzle, an UDF (User
cylindrical surfaces has been numerically studied assuming
Defined Function) is used to impose the velocity
flow to be steady, incompressible, two dimensional and
distribution of a fully developed flow and the
turbulent. For ease of computation k- turbulence model is
atmospheric conditions are used for the air at the exit
used. Fig. 1 to Fig. 2 show the computational domain used in
of the nozzle.
the present study which gives description of circular jet flow
b) Target wall: As cylinder being solid, therefore no slip
impinging on circular bodies in crossflow with z/DJ = 2 and
boundary condition is used over the circular surface
D/DJ = 0.5, 2. The governing equations of continuity,
for momentum equations. Whereas to solve the energy
momentum and energy are given in index notation
equation, constant heat flux condition is used.
c) Other surfaces: Excluding the above boundary
(1) conditions (i.e. nozzle exit and target wall), all the
remaining boundaries shown in Fig. 1 and 2 are
considered as outlets with atmospheric pressure.
(2) 3.3 Grid Independent Test
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1652
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
(a)
(b)
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1653
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
used k- model for ease of calculation and saving 4.2 Validation of Stagnation Nusselt Number
computation time with satisfactory results [6, 42]. So in
present study also k- model is used. Secondly validation of For small cylinder (D/DJ = 0.5), comparison of stagnation
present simulation results is made with available literature. Nusselt number is made among which is evaluated by Wang
For validation dimension of present jet impingement cooling et al. [16] and numerical simulations.
problem is taken as in accordance with Wang et al. [16]. The
results obtained by numerical simulation are validated with Table -4: Comparison of stagnation Nusselt number for D/DJ
experimental results available in literature [16]. It is found = 0.5
that simulation results match well with the experiment
results. Figure 5 shows comparison between the numerical Method Stagnation Nusselt
and experimental results for D/DJ = 0.5. From fig. 5, it is clear Number
that local Nusselt number obtained experimentally matches
well with that of the simulation results before the separation Wang et al. [16] 115
point. After separation region results are comparable within
a limit of 13%. Same comparative study is also performed Numerical Simulations 114.59
for D/DJ = 2. Fig. 6 shows comparison between the numerical
and experimental results for D/DJ = 2. From fig. 6, it is clear
that local Nusselt number obtained experimentally matches From table 4, it is found that stagnation Nusselt number
well with that of the simulation results throughout the evaluated by Wang et al. [16] and numerical simulation is
cylinder periphery. The results of both studies are comparable within a limit of 0.365%. For large cylinder
comparable within a limit of 6%. (D/DJ = 2), comparison of stagnation Nusselt number is
made between which is evaluated by Wang et al. [16] and
numerical simulations.
Fig -5: Validation of numerical results with Wang et al. From table 5, it is found that stagnation Nusselt number
[16] when D/DJ = 0.5 evaluated by Wang et al. [16] and numerical simulation is
comparable within a limit of 0.217%.
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1654
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
4.4 Effect of Reynolds Number on Stagnation Fig -11: Effect of Reynolds number on the variation of the
Nusselt Number Stagnation Nusselt number in the circumferential
directions for D/DJ = 2 and z/DJ = 2
After studying the effect of Reynolds number on local Nusselt
number, it is also important to study the effect of Reynolds
number on stagnation Nusselt number as it is the point
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1655
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
4.5 Contour Plots of Pressure and Velocity Hence separation of flow occurs at a lesser distance
relatively.
Figure 12 (a) and (b) represent the absolute pressure (a)
contours for D/DJ = 0.5 and 2 respectively.
(a)
(b)
1) The results obtained by numerical simulation matches Experiments. International Journal of Thermal Sciences,
well with the experimental results of Wang et al. [16]. 2010, 49, pp. 1417-1426.
For D/DJ = 0.5, simulation results are comparable with [10] Sharif, M.A.R. and Mothe k.k., Parametric Study of
experimental results within a limit of 13% and for Turbulent Slot-Jet Impingement Heat Transfer from
Concave Cylindrical Surfaces. International Journal of
D/DJ = 2, simulation results are comparable with Thermal Sciences, 2010, 49, pp. 428-442.
experimental results within a limit of 6%.
[11] Yang, Y.T., Wei, T.C. and Wang, Y.H., Numerical Study of
2) The stagnation Nusselt number for the small cylinder Turbulent Slot Jet Impingement Cooling on a Semi-
(D/DJ = 0.5) is obtained by Wang et al. [16] and Circular Concave Surface. International Journal of Heat
numerical simulation. It is found that stagnation and Mass Transfer, 2011, 54, pp. 482-489.
Nusselt number evaluated by Wang et al. [16] and [12] Katti, V., Sudheer, S., Prabhu, S.V., Pressure distribution
numerical simulation is comparable within a limit of on a semi-circular concave surface impinged by a single
0.365%. row of circular jets, Experimental Thermal and Fluid
3) The stagnation Nusselt number for the large cylinder Science, 2013, vol. 46, pp. 162-174.
(D/DJ = 2) is obtained by Wang et al. [16] and [13] Singh, D., Premachandran, B., and Kohli, S., Effect of
numerical simulation. it is found that stagnation nozzle shape on jet impingement heat transfer from a
circular cylinder, International Journal of Thermal
Nusselt number evaluated by Wang et al. [16] and Sciences , 2015, vol. 96, pp. 45-69.
numerical simulation is comparable within a limit of
[14] Forooghi, P., Frohnapfel, B., and Magagnato, F.,
0.217%. Simulation of a gaseous jet impinging on a convex
4) For both cylinders, the trend of the local Nusselt heated surface effect of inlet condition, Applied
number distribution shows a decreasing trend for a Thermal Engineering, 2016.
Reynolds number upto 1000. Whereas Re value [15] Singh, D., Premachandran, B., and Kohli, S., Experimental
beyond 1000, the trend of the local Nusselt number and numerical investigation of jet impingement cooling
distribution shows an increasing trend. of a circular cylinder, International Journal of Heat and
5) For both cylinders, the stagnation Nusselt number first Mass Transfer, 2013, vol. 60, pp. 672-688.
decreases upto Re = 1000. Beyond Re = 1000, [16] Wang X. L., Lee J. H., Lu T. J., Song S. J., Kim T., A
stagnation Nusselt number increases. comparative study of single-/two-jet cross flow heat
transfer on a circular cylinder, International Journal of
Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014, vol. 78, pp. 588-598.
REFERENCES
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1657