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Oracle Database 12c:
Administration Workshop
Student Guide Volume I
D78846GC20
Edition 2.0 | December 2014 | D89298
James L. Spiller This document contains proprietary information and is protected by copyright and
other intellectual property laws. You may copy and print this document solely for your
own use in an Oracle training course. The document may not be modified or altered
Technical Contributors in any way. Except where your use constitutes "fair use" under copyright law, you
and Reviewers may not use, share, download, upload, copy, print, display, perform, reproduce,
Unauthorized reproduction or distribution prohibited Copyright 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates
publish, license, post, transmit, or distribute this document in whole or in part without
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The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. If you
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Restricted Rights Notice
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the documentation on behalf of the United States Government, the following notice is
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U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS s a
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The U.S. Governments rights to use, modify, reproduce, release, perform, display, or
)
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c o m d
disclose these training materials are restricted by the terms of the applicable Oracle
e
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ail t Gu i
license agreement and/or the applicable U.S. Government contract.
Editors m
may be trademarks of their respective owners.
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Malavika Jinka
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Contents
Unauthorized reproduction or distribution prohibited Copyright 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates
1 Introduction
Objectives 1-2
Course Objectives 1-3
Suggested Schedule 1-4
Oracle Database Innovation 1-5
Enterprise Cloud Computing 1-6
Course Examples: HR Sample Schema 1-7
Summary 1-8
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2 Exploring Oracle Database Architecture c o m d e
Objectives 2-2
ail t Gu i
Oracle Database Server Architecture: Overview 2-3@g
m e n
ed Stu d
Oracle Database Instance Configurations 2-4m
ha e this
Connecting to the Database Instance o 2-5
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Oracle Database Memory Structures
c em2-6
t o us
Shared Pool 2-8 o r a se
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Database Buffer Cache 2-10
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Redo Log Buffer
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Pool
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Java
on Pool 2-14
nStreams
Program Global Area (PGA) 2-15
In-Memory Column Store: Introduction 2-16
In-Memory Column Store: Overview 2-18
Full Database In-Memory Caching 2-20
Quiz 2-22
Process Architecture 2-24
Process Structures 2-26
Database Writer Process (DBWn) 2-28
Log Writer Process (LGWR) 2-30
Checkpoint Process (CKPT) 2-32
System Monitor Process (SMON) 2-33
Process Monitor Process (PMON) 2-34
Recoverer Process (RECO) 2-35
Listener Registration Process (LREG) 2-36
iii
Archiver Processes (ARCn) 2-37
Database Storage Architecture 2-38
Logical and Physical Database Structures 2-40
Segments, Extents, and Blocks 2-42
Unauthorized reproduction or distribution prohibited Copyright 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates
iv
4 Managing the Database Instance
Objectives 4-2
Initialization Parameter Files 4-3
Types of Initialization Parameters 4-5
Unauthorized reproduction or distribution prohibited Copyright 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates
( o ra se
Using Dynamic Performance Views 4-32
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Dynamic Performance Views: Usage Examples 4-33
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Dynamic Performance Views: Considerations 4-34
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Data Dictionary: Overview 4-35
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Data Dictionary: Usage Examples 4-39
Quiz 4-40
Summary 4-41
Practice: Overview 4-42
v
Local Naming 5-13
Directory Naming 5-14
External Naming Method 5-15
Tools for Configuring and Managing Oracle Net Services 5-16
Unauthorized reproduction or distribution prohibited Copyright 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates
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e
m sfeUser
6 Administering ra Security
h a
moObjectives
t r a n6-2
on- User
Database
nPredefined
Accounts 6-3
Administrative Accounts 6-5
Administrative Privileges 6-6
Protecting Privileged Accounts 6-7
Authenticating Users 6-8
Administrator Authentication 6-10
OS Authentication and OS Groups 6-11
Managing Users 6-13
Creating a User 6-14
Unlocking a User Account and Resetting the Password 6-15
Privileges 6-16
System Privileges 6-17
Revoking System Privileges with ADMIN OPTION 6-19
Granting Object Privileges 6-20
Object Privileges 6-21
Revoking Object Privileges with GRANT OPTION 6-22
vi
Using Roles to Manage Privileges 6-23
Assigning Privileges to Roles and Assigning Roles to Users 6-24
Predefined Roles 6-25
Creating a Role 6-26
Unauthorized reproduction or distribution prohibited Copyright 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates
vii
8 Managing Space
Objectives 8-2
Space Management: Overview 8-3
Block Space Management 8-4
Unauthorized reproduction or distribution prohibited Copyright 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates
( o ra se
Using the DBMS_COMPRESSION Package 8-23
z a b licen
Proactive Tablespace Monitoring 8-24
d a able
Thresholds and Resolving Space Problems 8-25
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Monitoring Tablespace Space Usage 8-26
o Shrinking Segments 8-27
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Results of Shrink Operation 8-28
Reclaiming Space Within ASSM Segments 8-29
Using the Segment Advisor 8-30
Automatic Segment Advisor 8-31
Shrinking Segments by Using SQL 8-32
Shrinking Segments by Using Enterprise Manager 8-33
Managing Resumable Space Allocation 8-34
Using Resumable Space Allocation 8-35
Resuming Suspended Statements 8-37
What Operations Are Resumable? 8-39
Quiz 8-40
Summary 8-41
Practice: Overview 8-42
viii
9 Managing Undo Data
Objectives 9-2
Undo Data: Overview 9-3
Transactions and Undo Data 9-5
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ix
11 Implementing Oracle Database Auditing
Objectives 11-2
Database Security 11-3
Monitoring for Compliance 11-5
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( o ra se
Setting the Write Mode for Audit Trail Records 11-22
z a b licen
Value-Based Auditing 11-23
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Fine-Grained Auditing 11-25
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FGA Policy 11-26
o Audited DML Statement: Considerations 11-28
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FGA Guidelines 11-29
Archiving and Purging the Audit Trail 11-30
Purging Audit Trail Records 11-31
Quiz 11-32
Summary 11-33
Practice: Overview 11-34
x
Instance Failure 12-12
Understanding Instance Recovery: Checkpoint (CKPT) Process 12-13
Understanding Instance Recovery: Redo Log Files and Log Writer 12-14
Understanding Instance Recovery 12-15
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xi
Oracle-Suggested Backup 14-13
Selecting a Backup Strategy 14-14
Backing Up the Control File to a Trace File 14-15
Managing Backups 14-16
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e
mDatasfera
16 Moving
h a
moObjectives
t r a n16-2
on- Data
Moving
nOracle
Data: General Architecture 16-3
Pump: Overview 16-4
Oracle Data Pump: Benefits 16-5
Directory Objects for Data Pump 16-7
Creating Directory Objects 16-8
Data Pump Export and Import Clients: Overview 16-9
Data Pump Utility: Interfaces and Modes 16-10
Performing a Data Pump Export by Using Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 16-11
Performing a Data Pump Import 16-12
Data Pump Import: Transformations 16-13
Using Enterprise Manager Cloud Control to Monitor Data Pump Jobs 16-14
SQL*Loader: Overview 16-15
SQL*Loader Control File 16-17
Loading Methods 16-19
Loading Data by Using Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 16-20
SQL*Loader Express Mode 16-21
xii
External Tables 16-23
External Table: Benefits 16-24
Defining an External Tables with ORACLE_LOADER 16-25
External Table Population with ORACLE_DATAPUMP 16-26
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17 Database Maintenance
Objectives 17-2
Database Maintenance 17-3
s a
Viewing the Alert History 17-4
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Terminology 17-5
c o m d e
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Automatic Workload Repository (AWR): Overview 17-6 i
AWR Infrastructure 17-7 m
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Automatic Workload Repository 17-8
AWR Baselines 17-10
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Accessing the AWR Page 17-11
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Managing the AWR 17-12
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Statistic Levels 17-13
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Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor (ADDM) 17-14
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ADDM Findings in Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 17-15
o ADDM Findings in Enterprise Manager Database Express 17-16
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Advisory Framework 17-17
Viewing the Advisor Central Page in Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 17-19
Using Packages to Invoke the Advisors 17-20
Automated Maintenance Tasks 17-21
Automated Maintenance Tasks Configuration 17-23
Server-Generated Alerts 17-24
Setting Metrics Thresholds 17-25
Reacting to Alerts 17-26
Alert Types and Clearing Alerts 17-27
Quiz 17-28
Summary 17-29
Practice: Overview 17-30
xiii
18 Managing Performance
Objectives 18-2
Performance Monitoring 18-3
Tuning Activities 18-5
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( o ra se
Automatic Memory Management: Overview 18-25
z a b licen
Oracle Database Memory Parameters 18-26
d a able
Enabling Automatic Memory Management (AMM) by Using Enterprise Manager
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Cloud Control 18-27
o Monitoring Automatic Memory Management 18-28
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Automatic Shared Memory Management: Overview 18-30
Enabling Automatic Shared Memory Management (ASMM) 18-31
Understanding Automatic Shared Memory Management 18-32
Automatic Shared Memory Advisor 18-33
Enabling Automatic Shared Memory Management 18-34
Disabling Automatic Shared Memory Management 18-35
Using V$PARAMETER to View Memory Component Sizes 18-36
Managing the Program Global Area (PGA) 18-37
Dynamic Performance Statistics 18-39
Troubleshooting and Tuning Views 18-41
Quiz 18-42
Summary 18-44
Practice: Overview 18-45
xiv
19 Managing Performance: SQL Tuning
Objectives 19-2
SQL Tuning 19-3
Oracle Optimizer: Overview 19-4
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( o ra se
Duplicate SQL 19-26
z a b licen
SQL Access Advisor: Overview 19-27
d a able
Using the SQL Access Advisor 19-28
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Workload Source 19-29
o Recommendation Options 19-30
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Reviewing Recommendations 19-32
SQL Performance Analyzer: Overview 19-33
SQL Performance Analyzer: Use Cases 19-34
Using SQL Performance Analyzer 19-35
Quiz 19-36
Summary 19-40
Practice: Overview 19-41
xv
Creating a Complex Resource Plan 20-10
Specifying Resource Plan Directives 20-12
Resource Allocation Methods for Resource Plans 20-13
Comparison of EMPHASIS and RATIO 20-14
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xvi
Example of a Chain 21-24
Using Advanced Scheduler Features 21-25
Job Classes 21-26
Windows 21-28
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h a m sfer
Accessing My Support Community A-10
moManaging
t r a nPatches A-11
on- a Manager
Applying
nEnterprise
Patch Release A-12
Cloud Control: My Oracle Support Integration A-13
Using the Patch Advisor A-14
Online Patching: Overview A-15
Installing an Online Patch A-16
Benefits of Online Patching A-17
Conventional Patching and Online Patching A-18
Online Patching Considerations A-19
Quiz A-20
Using the Support Workbench A-21
Accessing the Support Workbench A-22
Viewing Problem Details A-23
Viewing Incident Details A-24
Packaging and Uploading Diagnostic Data to Oracle Support A-25
Tracking the Service Request and Implementing Repairs A-26
Summary A-27
xvii
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