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I. INTRODUCTION
(3)
It can be clearly seen in (4) that, by increasing the switching Kv and KI of Fig. 3, represent voltage and current sensors
frequency, the output impedance will be reduced. This means gain respectively. Fig. 3(c), shows the overall current mode
that lower component values of the LC filter are required [3]. control structure. The variable KPWM is the PWM gain, which
is defined as . The controller for the loops can be either
By ignoring the internal resistance of the filter capacitor ( =
PI, Sliding mode, Fuzzy, Deatbeat etc. [6]-[9]. For this work,
0), (1) and (2) can be simplified as (5) and (6).
a conventional PI controller is used.
(5) III. CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN
0
The design of PI controller can be done using several
methods. It can be designed using Ziegler-Nicholas, Pole-
0 1 (6)
placement method and Frequency response [10]. However,
the latter method will be used to design the controller. For
simplicity, Sisotool from MATLAB/SIMULINK is used to
tune the controller and evaluate the suitability of bandwidth
B. Analysis of multiple feedback loop control
and stability. As mentioned earlier, the control system is
A DC motor has some similarity to an inverter in terms of designed for a linear load (R = 10 ) and tested on a nonlinear
using cascade control (multi-loop control) [4]. In a DC motor load such as a rectifier. The simulation testing parameters are
system, the armature current and stator voltage are used as as given in Table 1.
current and voltage feedback loop for achieving sufficient
steady-state and good transient performance. A single-phase TABLE 1. SIMULATION TESTING PARAMETERS
inverter has the same scenario. The inductor current of the
215 V
filter acts as an inner loop parameter while the output voltage
is the outer loop parameter. Fig. 3 illustrates the voltage and 200 Vp-p
current loop [5]. 0.3
1.2 mH
13.2 F
10
40 kHz
0.06
0.01
R = 100
(a) C = 500 F
1V
181
Fig. 4. The single-phase circuit with its control system
(9)
PI controllers are used as the voltage and current
controllers. The PI controller transfer function is
The complete transfer function by incorporating the PI
represented as:
controller can be expressed as in (10).
(7)
(10)
(8)
182
Output Voltage
Voltage (Volt)
controller.
0
(11)
-50
Load Current
15
10
Fig. 7. Voltage loop block diagram with the designed current loop.
5
Current (Amp)
-5
-10
-15
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02
Time (second)
V. CONCLUSION
Fig.8. Bode plot and root locus of the voltage loop
In this paper a current mode PI controller for a single-
phase PWM inverter has been designed. The control structure
It can be clearly seen that, the bandwidth is lower than the is comprised of two loops and has been arranged in a cascaded
inner loop (942 Hz) while its phase margin is 63o. fashion. Two systems variables namely the inductor current
and the output voltage are sensed as the feedback variables.
IV. SIMULATION RESULTS The Sisotool from MATLAB/SIMULINK has been used to
tune and design the PI control parameters for both loops. The
The control system has been designed for a linear load (R performance is verified by subjecting the inverter system with
= 10 ). The following figures (Fig. 9 and Fig. 10) illustrate different types of load. The simulation results have shown
the voltage and current waveforms of the load when the that the controller is capable of producing good output voltage
system becomes no-load at t = 0.004. regulation.
183
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Phase UPS Inverter: A Survey, in Proc. PEDS-Kuala Lumpur, Kuala [9] Michael J.Ryan, ets, Control Topology options for single-phase UPS
Lumpur, pp. 848-853, 2005. inverter,IEEE trans.Indus.Appli.,Vol.33,March/April 1997, pp.493-501.
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[5] Ying-Yu Tzou, Shih-Liang Jung; Full control of a PWM DC-AC Converters, Applications, and Design, 3th edition, John Wiley & Sons,
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