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HOME GENERAL COMPARISON BETWEEN STAR AND DELTA CONNECTIONS

Comparison between Star and Delta Connections

JULY 21, 2017 BY ANUSHA LEAVE A COMMENT

Star and Delta Connections are the two types of connections in a 3 phase circuits. A Star
Connection is a 4 wire system and a Delta Connection is a 3 wire system.

Before going in to details of the Star Connection, Delta Connection and comparing those two,
let us have a very brief note on three phase electric power.

A single phase system consists of just two conductors (wires): one is called the phase, through
which the current flows and the other is called neutral, which acts as a return path to
complete the circuit.

In a three phase system, we have a minimum of three conductors or wires carrying AC

voltages. It is more economical to transmit power using a 3 phase power supply when
compared to a single phase power supply as a three phase supply can transmit three time
the power with three conductors when compared to a two conductor single phase power
supply.

Hence, most of the power generated and distributed is actually a 3 phase power (but
majority of households will receive a single phase supply).

Further, the three phase electric power system can be arranged in two ways. They are: Star
(also called Y or Wye) and Delta ().

In a Star Connection, there are 4 wires: 3 phase wires and 1 neutral wire whereas in a Delta
Connection, there are only 3 wires for distribution and all the 3 wires are phases (no neutral in a
Delta connection). The following image shows a typical Star and Delta Connection.
Let us understand more about these connections by using the following Comparison between
Star and Delta Connections.

STAR CONNECTION (Y OR WYE) DELTA CONNECTION ()

A Star Connection is a 4 wire connection

A Delta Connection is a 3 wire connection.
(4th wire is optional in some cases)

Two types of Star Connection systems are

In Delta Connection, only 3 wire 3 phase
possible: 4 wire, 3 phase system and 3
system is possible.
wire 3 phase system.

Out of the 4 wires, 3 wires are the phases

All the 3 wires are phases in a Delta
and 1 wire is the neutral (which is the
Connection.
common point of the 3 wires).

In a Star Connection, one end of all the three In a Delta Connection, every wire is
wires are connected to a common point in connected to two adjacent wires in the form

the shape of Y, such that all the three open of a triangle () and all the three common

ends of the three wires form the three phases points of the connection form the three
and the common point forms the neutral. phases.

The Common point of the Star Connection is

There is no neutral in Delta Connection
called Neutral or Star Point.

Line Voltage (voltage between any two

phases) and Phase Voltage (voltage between Line Voltage and Phase Voltage are same.

any of the phase and neutral) is different.

Line Voltage is root three times phase

Line Voltage is equal to Phase Voltage i.e. VL
voltage i.e. VL = 3 VP. Here, VL is Line
= VP.
Voltage and VP is Phase Voltage.

With a Star Connection, you can use two

different voltages as VL and VP are different.

For example, in a 230V/400V system, the In a Delta Connection, we get only a single

voltage between any of the phase wire and voltage magnitude.

neutral wire is 230V and the voltage between

any two phases is 400V.

Line current is root three times the phase

Line Current and Phase Current are same.
current.

In Star Connection, IL = IP. Here, IL is line

In Delta connection, IL = 3 IP
current and IP is phase current.

Total three phase Power in a Star Connection Total three phase Power in a Delta

can be calculated using the following Connection can be calculated using the

formulae. following formulae.

P = 3 x VP x IP x Cos() or P = 3 x VP x IP x Cos() or

P = 3 x VL x IL x Cos() P = 3 x VL x IL x Cos()

Since Line Voltage and Phase Voltage are In a Delta Connection, the Line and Phase

different (VL = 3 VP), the insulation required Voltages are same and hence, more

for each phase is less in a Star Connection. insulation is required for individual phases.

Usually, Star Connection is used in both

Delta Connection is generally used in
transmission and distribution networks (with
distribution networks.
either single phase supply or three phase.

Since insulation required is less, Star Delta Connections are used for shorter
Connection can be used for long distances. distances.

Delta Connections are often used in

Star Connections are often used in
applications which require high starting
application which require less starting current
torque.

Related Articles

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Power Factor and Its Phase Sequence Kirchhoffs Laws DC Circuits Basics
Correction Meter
FILED UNDER: DC CIRCUIT THEORY, GENERAL

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