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HOME GENERAL RF BASED HOME AUTOMATION USING 8051

RF based Home Automation using 8051

SEPTEMBER 8, 2017 BY ANUSHA LEAVE A COMMENT

Contents [hide]

1 Construction and Output Video

2 Principle behind the project
3 RF based Home Automation Circuit and Components
3.1 Circuit of Receiver Part
3.2 Components for Receiving Circuit
3.3 Circuit of Transmitter Part
3.4 Components for Transmitting Circuit
4 RF Module (RF Transmitter and Receiver) Description
4.1 HT-12E IC
4.2 HT-12D IC
5 How to Design RF based Home Automation Circuit?
5.1 Receiver Circuit
5.2 Transmitter Circuit
6 How RF based Home Automation System Works?
7 DOWNLOAD PROJECT CODE
8 Applications and Advantages
9 Limitations of the Circuit
10 Related Articles

Radio Frequency or RF based Home Automation using 8051 is a simple application oriented
project, where you can control different home electrical and electronic appliances using RF
Communication.

With the advancement of technology, number of equipment and modern household

appliances are increasing to make life easier and comfortable. Operating them manually is a
tedious job and hectic sometimes.

Life will become simpler if we can control devices like TV, fan, light or a music system with a
remote from a distance just by pressing the button.
This project deals with an interesting manner of automating the home appliances with the help
of RF Communication Technology.

Construction and Output Video

Principle behind the project

The principle behind the RF based Home Automation circuit is based on the RF
Communication between the RF modules.

RF Communication between the Transmitter and Receiver modules works on the principle of
Serial Communication, which means the RF transmitter will send the data serially to the RF
Receiver which is paired to it.

When any key is pressed in the transmitter section, a 4-bit data is read by the Encoder IC. This
4-bit parallel data is converted to serial data by the Encoder IC and this serial data is sent to
the RF Transmitter.

The RF transmitter transmits this serial data using radio signals.

At the receiver side, the RF receiver receives the serial data using RF Communication. This
serial data is sent to HT12D decoder IC. The Decoder IC converts the serial data into 4-bit
parallel data and transmits it to the microcontroller.

The microcontroller will turn ON or OFF the loads according to the button pressed.

Also see How to interface RF Transmitter and Receiver Modules

RF based Home Automation Circuit and Components

Circuit of Receiver Part
Components for Receiving Circuit
Microcontroller Part

AT89C51 Microcontroller
8051 programming board
Electrolytic capacitor 10F, 16V
10K Resistor x 2
Push button
11.0592 MHz crystal
22pF capacitors x 2
1K x 8 Resistor Pack
Pot 10K

RF Receiver Part

434 MHz RF Receiver Module

HT-12D Decoder IC
33K Resistor
LED
Connecting wires

Load Part

1N4007 Diode
2N2222 NPN Transistor
1K Resistor
12V Relay

Circuit of Transmitter Part

Components for Transmitting Circuit
434 MHz RF Transmitter Module
HT-12E Encoder IC
750K Resistor
Push Buttons x 4

Step-by-Step Project Guide with CODE: RF Based Home Automation using 8051

RF Module (RF Transmitter and Receiver) Description

The main component of the RF based Home Automation is the RF Module. An RF Module is a
small electronic circuit which is used to transmit or receive data wirelessly.

RF Modules are often used in consumer applications where you need to remotely control
some machines or appliances without making any physical contact with them.

Some of the common applications are wireless alarm systems, garage door openers, industrial
remote controls, wireless home automation systems and smart sensor applications.

RF modules do not require line-of-sight operation. Hence, they are often used instead of
infrared remote controls.
Depending upon the type of application, the RF module is chosen.

For example, in case of short range wireless control applications, we can use ASK modulated
RF Module of frequency 315 MHz or 433 MHz.

RF module generally comprises of an RF Transmitter and an RF Receiver. RF Transmitter is

used to transmit the data while the RF Receiver is used to receive the data.

Here is the Pin Configuration of the RF Transmitter and Receiver Modules.

RF Communication between the Transmitter and Receiver modules works on the principle of
Serial Communication. In order to transmit or receive the data serially through RF module, we
need to interface two ICs named HT-12E and HT-12D.

HT-12E IC
The HT-12E is an encoder IC which is used with the RF transmitter for encoding the
conventional n-bit data i.e. 4-bit, 8-bit or 16-bit data in to serial data for data transmission.

Here is the pin configuration of this IC.

This encoder IC has 2^12 series encoders integrated in it. This IC is mainly used in RF
communication. This IC converts 12-bit parallel data to serial data. Out of the 12 bits, 8 bits are
the address bits and 4 bits are data bits.

HT-12D IC
The HT-12D is a serial decoder IC which is used with RF receiver for decoding the received
serial data back to original parallel data.

Here is the pin configuration of this IC.

Similar to the encoder IC, the HT-12D Decoder IC has 2^12 series decoders integrated in it. It
can decode 12-bit serial data of which 8 bits are the address and 4 bits are the data bits.

Read this interesting Post on: RF Controlled Robot without Microcontroller

How to Design RF based Home Automation Circuit?

The main components of the project are 8051 based microcontroller, 162 LCD, and RF
Transmitter and receiver modules.

Receiver Circuit
First well see the connections with respect to the microcontroller. In that, first is the clock. To
use the on-chip oscillator, an 11.0592MHz quartz crystal is connected to XTAL1 and XTAL2
pins. Two 22pF ceramic capacitors are used with the crystal.

The reset circuit consist of a resistor, a capacitor and a push button. A 10K resistor is
connected from the RST (Pin 9) of the microcontroller to ground. A 10F electrolytic capacitor
is connected between the positive supply and RST pin.

A push button is connected across the capacitor. Upon pushing the button i.e. applying a high
pulse to RST pin, the microcontroller will reset.

The External Access pin (Pin 31) is pulled high using a 10K resistor. This completes the basic
connections with respect to microcontroller.

Now well see the connections with respect to other devices. In that, first is the LCD display. A
10K pot is connected to contrast adjust pin (Pin 3) of the LCD to adjust the contrast of the
display.

The three control pins RS, RW and E (Pins 4, 5 and 6) are connected to the first three pins of
Port1 i.e. P1.0 to P1.2. The 8 data pins of the LCD display (Pins 7 to 14) are connected to PORT2
pins of the microcontroller.

The next component we are going to connect is the RF Receiver module. The data pin of the
RF Receiver is connected to Din pin of the HT-12D Decoder IC.

An LED is connected to VT pin of the decoder IC to indicate valid transmission of data.

A 33K resistor is connected between the OSC1 and OSC2 pins of the Decoder IC in order to
complete the internal oscillator.

The 4 data pins of the decoder are connected to Port0 of the microcontroller. But in order to
use Port 0 as I/O port, it must be connected to a pull-up resistor.

Finally, well see the connections to a single load. A 2N2222 NPN Transistor is used to control
the relay. A 1K resistor is connected to the base of the transistor. And the input to the
transistor (base) is connected to Port 0 pin.

Transmitter Circuit
The transmitter part of the circuit consists of RF Transmitter Module, a Series encoder and 4
push buttons. The data pin of the RF Transmitter module is connected to the Dout pin of the
Encoder IC.

A 750K resistor is connected between the OSC1 and OSC2 pins of the encoder IC to
complete the internal oscillator.

In order to control the loads, we are using 4 buttons. These 4 push buttons are connected to
the 4 data pins of the encoder and the other ends of the buttons are connected to ground.

In order to transmit the data, the transmission enable pin (Pin 14) of the Encoder IC must be
connected to ground.

Related Post: RF based Home Automation without Microcontroller

How RF based Home Automation System Works?

The aim of this project is to design an RF based Home Automation system using 8051
microcontroller, in which different home appliances are remotely controlled using RF
technology. Now well see the detailed working of the project.

For the proper working of this project, the RF transmitter and receiver modules are switched
ON before turning on the microcontroller. This is to avoid the junk data , received by the
receiver module , when it is pairing with the transmitter.

Once the modules are successfully paired, the LED attached to VT pin of the receiver module
will glow. From now onwards , the data out pins of the decoder will continuously give logic
high as there is no button pressed in the transmitter.

Once we turn on the microcontroller, all the loads connected to it are switched OFF as it
receives logic high continuously from the receiver. The status of the loads is displayed on the
LCD.

If any of the button is pressed in the transmitter, the corresponding pin in receiver will become
low. This transition will help the microcontroller to understand that a key is pressed and will
turn ON the corresponding load as mentioned in the program.

If the same button is pressed once again, the microcontroller will turn OFF the load.

DOWNLOAD PROJECT CODE

Applications and Advantages
1. This circuit can be used to wirelessly control different home appliances.
2. As it is an RF Communication based system, there is no need for any line of sight
communication as in case of IR Communication.
3. The RF Transmitter and RF Receiver can work up to 100 meters even when there is an
obstruction between them.

Limitations of the Circuit

1. The RF Transmitter, Receiver and the microcontroller unit must be separately powered
for better operation.
2. It has limited life time due to use of battery for powering the circuit.

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FILED UNDER: 8051 MICROCONTROLLER, EMBEDDED, GENERAL

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