2016

EDX Intermediate Chinese

Grammar Course

LESSONS TRANSCRIPTS
Contents
Week 1 .......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Lesson 1-1 ................................................................................................................................................. 4
Lesson 1-2 ............................................................................................................................................... 12
Lesson 1-3 ............................................................................................................................................... 18
Lesson 1-4 ............................................................................................................................................... 23
Lesson 1-5 ............................................................................................................................................... 31
Lesson 1-6 ............................................................................................................................................... 37
Week 2 ........................................................................................................................................................ 46
Lesson 2-1 ............................................................................................................................................... 46
Lesson 2-2 ............................................................................................................................................... 52
Lesson 2-3 ............................................................................................................................................... 62
Lesson 2-4 ............................................................................................................................................... 69
Lesson 2-5 ............................................................................................................................................... 75
Lesson 2-6 ............................................................................................................................................... 83
Lesson 2-7 ............................................................................................................................................... 91
Lesson 2-8 ............................................................................................................................................. 103
Lesson 2-9 ............................................................................................................................................. 110
Lesson 2-10 ........................................................................................................................................... 115
Lesson 2-11 ........................................................................................................................................... 121
Week 3 ...................................................................................................................................................... 124
Lesson 3-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 124
Lesson 3-2 ............................................................................................................................................. 139
Lesson 3-3 ............................................................................................................................................. 148
Lesson 3-4 ............................................................................................................................................. 161
Week 4 ...................................................................................................................................................... 168
Lesson 4-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 168
Lesson 4-2 ............................................................................................................................................. 176
Lesson 4-3 ............................................................................................................................................. 187
Lesson 4-4 ............................................................................................................................................. 194
Lesson 4-5 ............................................................................................................................................. 201
Week 5 ...................................................................................................................................................... 206
 Lesson 5-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 206
Lesson 5-2 ............................................................................................................................................. 215
Lesson 5-3 ............................................................................................................................................. 221
Lesson 5-4 ............................................................................................................................................. 228
Week 6 ...................................................................................................................................................... 234
Lesson 6-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 234
Lesson 6-2 ............................................................................................................................................. 239
Lesson 6-3 ............................................................................................................................................. 247
Lesson 6-4 ............................................................................................................................................. 255
Lesson 6-5 ............................................................................................................................................. 261
Week 7 ...................................................................................................................................................... 268
Lesson 7-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 268
Lesson 7-2 ............................................................................................................................................. 288
Lesson 7-3 ............................................................................................................................................. 295
Lesson 7-4 ............................................................................................................................................. 300
Lesson 7-6 ............................................................................................................................................. 319
Week 8 ...................................................................................................................................................... 323
Lesson 8-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 323
Lesson 8-2 ............................................................................................................................................. 332
Lesson 8.3.............................................................................................................................................. 340
Lesson 8-4 ............................................................................................................................................. 348
Week 9 ...................................................................................................................................................... 359
Lesson 9-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 359
Lesson 9-2 ............................................................................................................................................. 372
Lesson 9-3 ............................................................................................................................................. 377
Lesson 9-4 ............................................................................................................................................. 382
Lesson 9-5 ............................................................................................................................................. 387
Week 10 .................................................................................................................................................... 391
Lesson 10-1 ........................................................................................................................................... 391
Lesson 10-2 ........................................................................................................................................... 394
Lesson 10-3 ........................................................................................................................................... 399
Lesson 10-4 ........................................................................................................................................... 405
 Lesson 10-5 ........................................................................................................................................... 412
Week 11 .................................................................................................................................................... 417
Lesson 11-1 ........................................................................................................................................... 417
Lesson 11-2 ........................................................................................................................................... 429
Lesson 11-3 ........................................................................................................................................... 434
Lesson 11-4 ........................................................................................................................................... 441
Lesson 11-5 ........................................................................................................................................... 444
Lesson 11-6 ........................................................................................................................................... 454
Week 12 .................................................................................................................................................... 464
Lesson 12-1 ........................................................................................................................................... 464
Lesson 12-2 ........................................................................................................................................... 476
Lesson 12-3 ........................................................................................................................................... 483
Lesson 12-4 ........................................................................................................................................... 491
Lesson 12-5 ........................................................................................................................................... 494
Lesson 12-6 ........................................................................................................................................... 497
Week 13 .................................................................................................................................................... 501
Lesson 13-1 ........................................................................................................................................... 501
Lesson 13-2 ........................................................................................................................................... 506
Lesson 13-3 ........................................................................................................................................... 514
Lesson 13-4 ........................................................................................................................................... 526
Lesson 13-5 ........................................................................................................................................... 535
Lesson 13-6 ........................................................................................................................................... 547
Week 1

Lesson 1-1
Hello, everyone

welcome to the intermediate Chinese grammar course.

Before we begin to study

chinese grammar,

I would like first to ask you a question

which is why you chose to study Chinese grammar

In other words, what goal do you hope to achieve

in the grammar course?

Let's see whether your studying goal

and the teacher's goal

are the same or not.

What I hope is that in the Chinese grammar course

to help you resolve some Chinese grammar problems

that you have already learned

but not quite understand.

You have already learned Chinese for a period of time,

you must have known some knowledge about Chinese grammar.

Your Chinese teacher must have taught you

many grammars as well.

But for some grammar points,

you might have not well understood.

 So in this grammar course,

I would like to help you resolve

the grammar issues which you might be still confused about.

The second teaching goal is that

I hope in this course

to help you resolve

the inert knowledge problems.

The inert knowledge problems are

the grammar knowledges which you have learned and understood

,but are sleeping idly.

When you want to use them,

they are still in bed.

You can't automataically use

the grammar knowledge which you have learned

to express yourself.

Then how can I help you to resolve

the inert knowledge problem?

I provide you a lot of

exercises to push you speak, write

read and listen to Chinese.

I hope you in these activities

use the grammar knowledge we will learn.

By doing these tasks and exercises,

I hope ,you can achieve the

grammarring skill.
 Well, in this grammar course

I hope you change

your attitude to studying grammar.

You're not supposed to memorize

the grammar rules,

what you're supposed to do is that you, together with the teacher,

observe the Chinese language phenomenon

and explore the Chinese grammar rules.

As the teacher of this course,

my duty is to

help you find out that

studying grammar is interesting.

I will try various ways to

attract your attentions to the grmmars.

Only when we NOTICE the grammars,

can we learn them,

Ok?good.

Now let's start.

the Chinese grammr features

Compared to your native languae

what do you think are the Chinese grammr features?

Did you think about this question before?

Ley's see the first

feature of Chinese grammar.

Here we have several sentences

 Let's see them together.

Are the meanings of the sentences

same or not?

The first one

In these two sentences,

all of the words are the same

but the order of and is different.

In the first sentence, goes before.

In the second sentence, goes before.

So the meanings of the two sentences are different.

right?

I think you

can figure them out easily.

but he might not want to marry me.

the meaning is that I might want to marry him.

Let's move to the second example,

and

what is the difference of these two sentences?

Do you know the answer?

well,

for example, this is the horse back,

 this is me

is that (jump onto the horse back.)

this is the horse back,this is me

(I jump on the horse bakc.).Got it?

Ok, the third example,

and

They are phrases,not sentences, right?

Are the meanings of these two phrases

same or not?

waht is the meaning of ?

For example, there are two buildings here

This is a building, this is a building too.

The direction is north.

Then what is the meaning of ?

it is this one. this is (the buliding on the northside.)

So what is the meaning of ?

well, this is a buliding,

this place is (to the north of the building.)

Got it? yes

is something,

while is a place.

For these examples, the words in them are almost the same,

but the order of the words are different,

so
 the meanins of the sentences or phrase are different.

Now let's see the examples below.

Some of you might understand them.

This is Russian isn't it

the letters in pink color is .

the letters in green color is .

the letters in black color is .

In Russian, the three words

and

can be arranged in the

following four sequences.

And their meanigs are the same.

From this language fact,we can see that

the first feature of Chinese Grmmar is that

the word order is very important.

If the word order is different,

the meaning will be probably different.

Ok, now let's do some exercises to

see whether you can figure out

the phrases or sentences which are different in word order.

What is the difference in their meanings?

Ok, the first one and

Please look at

the two sentences below.

 How should we choose to fill in them?

which one is better?

Ok, the first sentence

you all know ,do you?

its' feature is hot.

so ,the former part should be

Ok, the second one,

put more pepper

I'm afraid that it is not spicy enough.

right?

so in this blank it should be

Ok, now the second one

and

How can they be put in

the sentences below?

The first one

so ,right?
 That is whatever we want to eat,

wahtever we will have to eat.

If we want to eat Peking Duck,

we will have Peking Duck to eat.

If we want to eat Mapo Tofu

we will have Mapo Tofu to eat.

that is

the second,

Now

you eat (what we have.)

If we have a piece of bread, you eat the bread.

If we have a steamed bread,you eat the steamed bread.

don't be picky.

Understand?
Lesson 1-2
Hello,everyone

Today we're going to study

the characteristcis of Chinese grammar.

Let's look at some sentences.

The first sentence,

the second sentence,

the third sentence,

the fourth sentence,

the fifth sentence,

Are these sentences right?

They are all wrong.

meet For the first sentence, means meet

In English,we can say

Meet my friend

but in Chinese we have to say

For the second sentence,

be interested in means be interested in 22 00:01:00,968 --> 00:01:02,568

in Chinese we have to say

My books For the third sentence My books

 in Chinese we should say

For the fourth sentence

although means though in English

but means but in English.

so in English we can say

although but although or but

although but although and but can't be used together.

But in Chinese we oftern say

balaba , balabala

If we want to use only one word,

we should say

4 Then what is worng with these four sentences?

Thay are all lack of

these green words, right?

Ok, let's move on to the last sentence.

The correct way to say it should be

we can see here that there is a ,

its position is wrong.

this is also ungrammatical.

These green words are all function words.

 So we can know from these examples that

there is an important Chinese grammar feature

which is function words are very important.

Sometimes you have to use function words.

And when using function words,

we have to notice that

in the sentence where the function word

should be put.

Then what kind of words are function words?

Prepositional words, auxiliay words, conjuctions and adverbs are all function
words.

So when you study Chinese,

if you find the words are Prepositional words,

or auxiliay words,or conjuctions

or adverbs,

you should pay special attention to their usage.

Their meanings are rather abstract,

and their usages need to be much noticed too.

Ok, let's do an exercise now.

3 Are these three sentences all right?

how should they be corrected?

the first one,

the second one,

spoon
 the third one,

Ok. for the first sentence we should say

In this sentence

there are two errors actually.

The first error is that

in Chinese the words which can be used with

have to be etc.

In English you can say

agree with you

but in Chinese,we can't say

we have to say

The second error is that

in this sentence is redundant,

which means that in Chinese the word

doesn't need a function word to help it (to carry an object.)

It can carry directly

etc.

For the second sentence, we sould say

this is about Chinese question sentence.

In Chinese for a question sentence,what modal particle should be used?

the madal particle

or the modal particle ?

 We need to pay special attentions to this issue.

if in the question sentence there are

etc ,

wh word wh which are called wh-words.

can't be used in the sentence.

instead, can be used.

For the third sentence,we should say

so in this sentence there is a function word ,

but there is not a main verb.

It is not Ok either.

So when we study function words,

we also need to know that

we shouldn't use function word randomly when not necessary,

and it is not OK to use function word only.

In a sentence there should be a

main verb.

Ok, as we all konw now that function words are very important,

which is a feature of Chinese grammar.

Then how should we study function words ?

Their usages are so complicated,

and we can't learn them all at one time.

well the best way is that

when we study function words and verbs,

we had better study them together.

 For example, if your teacher tells you

the verb

and tells you that it often goes with the function word ,

then when you study

you had better remember them as one word-unit.

it is not good to remember only,

instead you need to remember it together with .

When we study ,we had better remember that

its usage is .

When we study ,

we need to remember it together with .

To learn we need to remember it together with .

So by doing in this way, when we study a verb,

we will know that

if this verb

should be used together with a function word,

we can remember them together.

Lesson 1-3
Hello everyone

Today we will continue to study

the Chinese grammar features.

Ok, let's do a translation exercise.

Look at the sentences.

How should we say them in Chinese?

In these English sentences,

study there is a verb study.

We can see that

study study in these sentences

are different.

study In the first sentence,it is study.

studies In the second sentence, it is studies.

studied In the third sentence, it is studied.

am studying In the fourth sentence, it is am studying.

study In the fifth sentence, it is study.

studying In the sixth sentence, it is studying.

learning In the seventh sentence, it is learning.

Ok.If translated into Chinese,

what should these sentences be?

For the first sentence, it should be

we can also say

For the second sentence,it should be

 The third one,

The fouth one,

The fifth one,

The sixth one,

The seventh one,

Let's take a look.

in Chinese sentences

study study in these English sentences,

what's different?

We can see that in Chinese,

remain the same,right?

No matter in which sentence,

the form of the verb is .

studied Then for the meaning that is indicated by studied,

How is it expressed in Chinese?

Look,there is another word here.

I am studying

in Chinese should be

I am going to study I am going to study in English

should be in Chinese.

right?

That is, we can find that

in English there are conjugations of verb.

 The meaning which is indicated by the conjugation

is expressed by some function words in Chinese.

The form of the verb is always the same.

So this is the

third important feature of Chinese grammar,

which is there is no verb infletion in Chinese.

The meanings which are expressed by verb infletions

are expressed by function words such as .

We can also find another feature,

6 which is that in the first 6 Chinese sentences,

we can say ,we can also say .

That is why is put in a bracket.

But in the seventh sentence,

we can only say .

we can't say .

Have you found this phenomenon?

Ok, please remember that

this is also an important Chinese grammar feature.

That is,in Chinese there are some verbs

1 which contain just one character.

2 And also there are some verbs which contain two characters.
 Like we have ,

and we also have .

We have ,

we also have

to plant We have to plant

we also have which contain two characters.

So in Chinese there are many such kinds of verbs

which can be one-character and two-characters.

Why?

This is because that the one-character-verb

and two-character-verb

are different in their usages.

The two-character-verb such as

can be used as a noun.

grammar-learning For example,grammar-learning

should be in Chinese.

The verb functions like a noun.

The one-character-verb

can't be used as a noun.

Ok,that is what we have talked about

the third important feature of Chinese grammar.

So when we study Chinese grammar,

we need to pay special attention to this feature.

 We can also know from this feature that

function word is quite important in Chinese.

Well, until now we have talked about

3 three features of Chinese grammar.

The first feature is that word order is important.

The second feature is that function word is important.

The third feature is that there are no conjugations of verb.

Double-syllable verb and monosyllable verb

are different in their grammatical functions.

Double-syllable verbs are

two-character-verbs.

Monosyllable verbs are one-character-verbs.

Lesson 1-4
Hello,everyoe,

Today we will continue to talk about

Chinese grammar features.

We first do some

translation exercises.

We can see that

7 there are seven English sentences here.

7 These seven sentences are more and more longer,right?

Ok,let's translate them.

The firse sentence should be

The second sentence should be

The third sentence should be

The fourth one

The fifth one

The sixth one

The seventh one

Did you get them right?

OK, let's look at the seventh sentence.

Since it is too long.

we just say .

Ok, let's read the sentence

In this sentence,

subject is the subject of the sentence.

is the main verb

object is the object of the sentence.

So for the Chinses sentence,

s v o the basic word order is S-V-O.

In this sentence there is a time ,

and a place ,

and a word

which tells us

the state of the action .

That is .

Ok, in the part of

 is in red color.

in the part

is also in red color.

What roles do these red words play in the sentence?

They are called (attributive).

modify So modify

In

modify

They are all attributives.

modify

we call it (adverbial).

In this part, is a (complement).

So the most complicated

Chinese sentence

is like this.

who when where

how do what.

I hope you can remember this sentence.

Without by looking at it,

you can say the sentence out.

From now on, in class

I will frequently talk about this sentence

to go over it again and again.

If you remember the sentence,

it can help you to decide how to arrange

 the word order in a sentence.

I think you have already learned complements.

4 In Chinese there are four kinds of complements,

which are resultative complement,directional complement,

predicative complement and potential complement.

In the course,

I will talk them one by one to help you

4 understanf these four complements.

Today what we are going to learn is

3 the usage of .

3 For these three words, their pronounciations are the same,

but their forms are different,right?

For the first one

we can call it de,

since the left part of this character is ,

and the right part is .right? So it is de.

For this one , we can call it

de.

For this one , we call it

(double)(stand)(person)de.

3 Ok, for these three de in Chinese

how should we use them?

Are they the issues which make you feel confused when you

learned Chinese grammar before?

(confused)
 Well, today we have konwn

attributive,adverbial,complement.

After we have learned these grammar knowledges,

3 it is easy to learn the usage of the three words.

That is, in the part of attributive,

we use .

In the part of adverbial, we use .

In the part of complement, we use .

Have you got it?

Now let's look at the sentence.

de Is de used correctly?

These two de are both in the form of .

For this one, it should ,right?

Because

tells us how the action of runnning is like,

modify which means it modifies the action,

so it is an adverbial.

In the part of adverbial we should use .

In the part ,

is a complement,

so should be used here.

Understand?

Now let's do more exercises.

 Please take a look.

3 In the three sentences,

which de should be used?

Ok, the first one,

de

de which trip? a trip to village

de so de tells us

which trip it is.

This part should be an attributive,

right?

So should be used here.

de

tells us

the state of the action running into the classroom,

so it should be an adverbial,

and should be used here.

Now the last one,

de

This de should be complement marker .

Have you got them right?

OK, let's do another exercise

which is true or false.

4 These four sentences are all wrong.

How should they be corrected?



Ok,

tells us the working place,right?

In Chinese,

where should a place where an action occurs

be put in the sentence?

It should be put before verb,right?

So we should say

Now the second sentence,

is the time when we meet,

so it should be put before .

So we should say .

For , in the previous lesson,

I told you that

after this word

an object a person can't be used.

it needs a function word,

which is ,right?

So this sentence should be

 Ok,let's look at the third sentence. 175 00:08:49,889 --> 00:08:53,360

In this sentence the function word is not necessary.

In Chinese when we want to express

"to ask sb something",

we don't need a function word.

We just say .

That is OK.

So this is about word order of Chinese sentence.

Please notice the usage of the word .

The fourth sentence should be

You probably make mistakes at this grammar.

I will talk about this grammar later in the course.

So the problems of these sentences are

all about word order.

Lesson 1-5
Hello,everyone

In the previous lessons,we've learned

some main features of Chinese grammar.

I also taught you

a very complicated Chinese sentence,

which is 7 00:00:16,341 --> 00:00:19,933

Do you remember this sentence?

As we say this sentence is

the most complicated sentence of Chinese,

we don't say that

this is the longest Chinese sentence.

If we read Chinese newspaper,

we will find a lot of

long sentences.

But no matter how long the sentence is,

the components of the sentence

will be same as this sentence.

That is,

there is a subject, a main verb,

an object,

and attributive, adverbial and complement.

These components of sentence can be found in

the most complicated sentences.

 Then in this grammar course,

how shall I help you

to study Chinese grammar point by point?

Well,we will study in terms of

the components of sentence.

So in this course,

first, we will learn

the grammars about time expression.

For grammars about time expression,

what are they?

In this course we will

learn them one by one.

Then we will learn grammars concerning location.

Grammars about location expression

are easy for you to make mistakes.

we will learn them one by one too.

Then we will learn

a special kind of verb in Chinese.

The usages of this kind of verb

are different from the commom verbs.

And when you study Chinese,

you often make mistakes of these verbs.

After learning verbs,

 we will learn

grammars about complements.

As we have already said.

4 in Chinese there are four types of complements.

So we will

learn them one by one.

Then after the complements,

we will learn a special sentence

which is BA sentence.

Ba sentence is also a troublesome

Chinsese grammar, isn't it?

Well, after Ba sentence,

we will learn grammars about attributive and adverbial.

Among the grammars of these two parts,

in last lesson,

3 we talked about three points.

Do you still remember?

3 The three points are related to attributive, adverbial, 69 00:03:36,232 -

-> 00:03:40,407 and complements.

OK, that is the main content of this grammar course. 71 00:03:46,638 -->
00:03:47,823

We arrange the contents in this way

in order to help you understand

every part of the Chinsese sentence.

Then you can say

 or write grammatically correct sentences.

Besdies

these grammars we've mentioned,

when you study Chinese,

you will have difficulties with some other grammars,

such as

and so on.

These grammars

are related with time expression too,

but they are rather abstract.

They are called

tense aspect tense aspect.

Grammars in this category

are one of the most difficulites when we study foreign language.

In Chinese there are also some words such as ,

which are often used at the end of a sentence.

In your native language,

probably there are not such kind of grammars.

They are also

quite hard when you study Chinese.

But in this grammar course,

we will not talk about them and will leave them to the future course.

Ok, if you take this course,

 I hope you change

your attitude to grammar-learning.

We should observe

language phenomena of Chinese,

and think about them actively.

when you speak Chinese, use Chinese

and you make some mistakes,

then after the grammar course,

you should think why you were wrong.

That is you should find out the causes of your errors.

Secondly,

I hope that when you study

this grammar course,

you can listen more, read more,write more and speak more.

Please use the grammars we've learned actively.

Only when we use the grammars,

can we learn them.

Thirdly,

of course, I hope you that besides watching teaching videos,

you can complete the homework.

The fourth point is that

I hope you

study some vocabulary about grammar,

which are called grammar terms,

 such as subject, main verb, object,

attributive, complement,verb, adjective,

adverb,prepostions, adverbial,and so on.

If you can remember these

grammar terms,

in class,

you can get better understanding.

Ok. that is our

study requirement.

That is all for today.

Lesson 1-6
Almost finished?

Some words you may not know, which is fine

Let's talk about

the general idea of the story, shall we?

How many people are there in the story?

Two

One is an International student from the USA

an American boy

and the other is "lameizi(hot girl)"

Very well. The other is "lameizi"

It is a story of these two persons, right?

How many words of time

are there in this story?

1999 1999. That is one. And?

The other one is "houlai(later)", right?

Right.

Still another one

another time is ,right?

Good. We know

that there are three time points in the story

1999 OK. In 1999

what happened between them?

They met each other. Fine

1999 In 1999, they met for the first time

They met for the first time

They got to know each other, right?

This is the story of the first time point

What is the story of the second time point?

What happened later?

They were in Beijing, yes?

They got to Beijing

And then? What's the story?

What's their story?

The boy

The American boy could eat hot food

He what? He could eat hotter food than before

He could eat hotter food than before

So the relation between the boy and the girl got better

The relation between them got better

meaning that they were closer

They were going well

The "temperature" got higher and higher

So this is the story of the second time period

The story of the third time point

What's the story?

In a Sichuan restaurant in Beijing

In a Sichuan restaurant in Beijing

What did the boy do?

 He expressed his love towards her

He expressed his love towards her

What does "biaobai" mean?

Muye, please tell us

what does "biaobai" mean?

The boy liked the girl

The boy told the girl

that I like you, can you be my girlfriend?

This is

"biaobai". Understood?

Good. "biaobai"

So here we also have a function word

So he expressed his love towards her, right?

Have you all got a story of expressing your love?

I suppose so

This is the story

Three points of time

So this story also has three places, right?

Where were they at the first time point?

1999 Where were they in 1999? Shenzhen

1999 In 1999, they were...

Who can tell me?

 The first part of the story

Part How could we say about the first part of the story"

1999

Good 80 00:05:04,261 --> 00:05:05,832

1999 Nice

The second story

Later, where? In Beijing

Let's tell the second story

Who can tell me?

Nice

"houlai" could also be here, right?

This time

Good. Where was the third place?

In a Sichuan restaurant in Beijing

Let's tell this story

Good.

It is better to put this part in the front

What did he say?

What about the girl?

The girl, his girlfriend

How did his girlfriend say?

You understand the story, don't you?

It is a pretty romantic story

A pretty romantic story

Here are some sentences

with "de"

The characters in blue are "de1", right?

In red

What do we have here? de3()

A "de3()", right?

So here we have a complement

complement We have a complement

Also one in red here

What does "shuiwangwang" mean?

It is that in the eyes

there looks like to be much water

After crying

your eyes are like this, yes?

But this

is usually used to refer to beautiful eyes

right?

The eyes of a child can be like this

But the eyes of an old person are often not like this

Understood?

So here we have

a complement as well, yes?

Also we have this "de2"

Did you find them all out?

No problem, is there?

Let's say it together then

Shall we?

Let's start

1999


Sorry, it is too sensitive

Here, right?

together with somebody

Give it up for yourselves

You did well

So here we have practiced

Here we have practiced de1de2 and de3

We also practiced

the basic structure of the sentence, right?

 if you feel

you did not so well

You can do it again after class, OK?

Week 2

Lesson 2-1
Hello, everyone.

This week we will learn time-when and time-duration,

which are grammars about time.

Last week we learned

a very long but interesting sentence.

Let's read it together.

In this sentence, there is ,

which indicates the time when the action of reading occurs.

So the grammar we will learn this week

is located here in the sentence.

The ways to express time.

Then let's read a short story first.

In this story,

there are many words to express time.

When you read with me,

please pay attention to

the time words,

which are in red color,

and in blue color.

When you read,please think about

the red words

 and the blue words.

and try to find out their difference.

Ok, now let's read

the short story.

2001 9

2001 10 18

Ok, we've finished the story.

Can you figure out

the time words in red color

ant the time words in bule color?

what is their difference?

Well, the time words in red color,

if we give them a name,

they are called .

What is their meaning ?

 The meaning is that they indicate

the time point on the time axis.

For example,this is ,

this is , this is .

They are all time points.

The other time-when words are

5 4 5 4

8 8 ,and so on and so forth.

The words which are in the same series of

are ,right?

The words which are in the same series of

are ,etc.

The words which are in the same series of ,

as you all know, are

unitl ,right?

The words like

are etc.

All these words indicate

time points.

Besides these words,

we can also use

to indicate time point.

For example,

indicates that at the point of walking,

 I met a friend.

Ok, now look at the time words in blue.

what are their meaning?

They are used to express

a section of time.

8 For example, from 8am

10 to 10am,

there are two hours.

Then for ,

we call it time-duration word,

which indicate amount of time.

The other time-duration words are 111 00:06:24,831 -->

00:06:28,878

etc.

Ok, when we study grammars about time expression,

we must know what time-when words are,

and what time-duration words are.

Now you all have undertood,right?

Then let's see

what time-when words do you know?

Ok, please look at

the time-when words given by professor Xu

Are they the words that you just thought out?

ok, the first line is

the second line is

 the third line is

the fourth line is

the fifthe line is that in a day

there is and so on.

Then we can also say .

and ,

and .

All these words arr time-when words.

Ok, please remember these time-when words.

Next lesson,I will

tell you

when using these time-when words and time-duration words,

how we should use them.

That is their usages.

Ok, that is all for today.

Lesson 2-2
Hello, everyone.

In this lesson, we will continue studying

grammars about time expression.

What we are going to learn today is

the grammar of time-when words.

From last lesson,

you have already known a lot of

time-when words in Chinese.

Then in a sentence,

where should a time-when word be placed?

This is our concern,right?

let's look at the sentences below.

The first sentence.

2001 9

in this sentence,the word in red color

2001 9

is a time-when word.

is the subject of the sentence.

subject

so time-when word is put before the subject.

But for this sentence we can also say

2001 9


2001 9 That is the time-when word 2001 9

can also be put after the subject .

Now the next sentence,

In this sentence the red word

is a time-when word.

and it is put before the subject .

If we say this sentence as 37 00:01:50,517 --> 00:01:53,013

we will find that

the sentence is not good.

Why?

Because is too long.

So please remember that

when we use time-when words,

we can put them in two places in the sentence.

you can put them after the subject,

you can also put them before the subject.

But if the time-when word is too long,

we prefer to put it before the subject.

 understand?

Then shall we read more examples?

the first one,

the sencond,

In these two sentences,

and 62 00:03:18,624 --> 00:03:20,512 are both quite

long.

so we put them at the beginning of the sentence,

that is it is better to put them before subjcet.

Then the next sentence,

in these two sentences the time-when words

are not long,

so it's ok to put them after the subject.

of course, they can be put before subjcet too.

so for the third sentence,we can also say,

for the fourth sentence,we can also say

 their meanings are almost the same, with little difference.

Ok, now we all have known

the position of time-when word in a sentence.

The first four sentences illustrate the common position of

the time-when words.

Sometimes the time-when words

can be used in the following way.

2001 10 18 For example,

In this sentence ,the time-when word

doesn't indicate when an action occurs,

but indicates

a time which we can't forget.

Next sentence,

Next sentence,

In these two sentences,

don't indicate either

when an action takes place.

Please notice that the time-when word

can be used in this way.

And the latter usages,

 they are not difficult for you.

The time-when words used to

indicate when an action takes place,

are easily to go wrong for you.

So please remember that when time-when words

are used to indicate when an action takes place,

their position in the sentence.

Then let's try.

Look at these words.

IF we say a sentence,

in the sentence,

how should the words be arranged?

Look at these words, we know that

the action of the sentence

is ,right?

then who sleeps?.

the place where sleepling occurs is .

time for sleeping is .

and .

right? Got it?

The sentence should be

 Are you correct?

Here is a grammar which

I have to explain to you.

There are two time-when words.

one is ,

the other one is .

Then in Chinese,

if we have a time which

contains more than one time-when words,

the sequence of the time-when words

should be from large to small.

the largest one is, for example,

then

then

then

then etc.

then (clock time).

So here

is larger than ,

so the sequence should be .

If we put the time more complicated,

we can say

2014 7

 this is the most time-when word sequence,

which is from large to small.

That is from year to 8 o'clock.

Ok, this is,

when you study time-when word,

a point you need to notice.

This sequence probably is

different from your native language.

For example it is different from English.

Then let's move on to next exercise.

look at the three sentences. Are they correct?

The first sentence.

5 11 1980

How is the sentence?

It should be

1980 11 5

In this sentence there are two problems.

The first error is

the sequence of the time-when words.

There are three time-when words here.

1980 11 5

As we just said when there are a few time-when words,

in Chinese,

they should ba arranged from large to small.

5 11 1980 so 5 11 1980
 is arranged from small to large.

This is not correct.

The other error is about

(we just talked about)

the position of time-when word in a sentence,

which should be after the subject and before the main verb.

So we should say it

1980 11 5

Ok, Let's look at the second sentence.

In this sentence there is a time-when word

So it should also be put in the before of the sentence.

It should be

Now the third sentence.

1996

In this sentence,

1996 there is a time-when word 1996 .

So you all should know that

it should be after ,

and before .

So the third sentence should be

1996

Here you also need to notice .

we can't say ,
 which is English word order.

Chinese is different from English here,

so you need to pay attention.

1996

Ok, these three sentences seem

quite simple.

But many students

when speaking Chinese,

often make mistakes of time-when words.

They don't know 211 00:12:04,683 --> 00:12:07,354 the

position of time-when words in a sentence.

Or you might have the knowledge,

but when you try to speak Chinese

to express yourself you forget it.

Why do you forget it?

Probably in you mind,

you think in English or other native language.

But in your native language,

time-when word should be at the end of a sentence.

So when you speak Chinese you forget the Chinese grammar,

and transfer your native language order to Chinese.

This is why you frequently make mistakes here.

So

I hope that when you speak Chinese

 Think in Chinese try to Think in Chinese.

Only when you think in Chinese,

can you notice

the word order of Chinese.

OK?

That's all for today.

Lesson 2-3
hello,everyone

In this lesson we will continue to study

the grammars about time expression.

what we are going to learn is

the usage of time-duration words.

Last lesson we said that

the time-when words

are put after subject

or before subject.

Then when we use time-duration words in a sentence,

where should they be put?

Oke, let's see the first usage.

When we study the grammar about time-duration words,

we need to notice two issues.

The first one is that you need to know

where the time-duration word is located in the sentence.

The sencond one is that you need to know

when it is located

pattern in a pattern,

pattern what meaning the pattern is.

we must remember these two points.

ok,let's first look at

pattern the first pattern of time-duration words.

Look at the examples.

 the first example.

In this sentence,

there is a time-duration word ,

and it is located in the latter clause,

which is this clause.

and in the latter clause,

it is put at the beginning.

Then in this clause,

if we put a subject,

where should it be located?

It should be put after .Oh no

it should be put before .

That is .

Then

what does this sentence mean?

It is that he didn't go indeed.

He didn't go there even for one day.

let alone two days or three days.

So means 46 00:02:19,983 --> 00:02:21,183 really

didn't go.

Ok, the second sentence,

 So the meaning of this sentence is

I really don't want to watch it.

really don't want to see it.

The third sentence,

is a time-duration word.

The meaning that the sentence expresses is

I don't want to stay here indeed.

The fourth one,

Then the sentence is that the child

has been thinking about playing game.

and he really didn't forget the game.

Ok, through reading the four examples,

you can konw that

these time-duration words

are put after subject,

and before +verb. 75 00:03:49,966 --> 00:03:51,566



pattern In this pattern,

it is used to emphasize.

and it means really not

or really didn't do anything.

to emphasize negation.

understand?

So this is

the first usage of time-duration word we learned.

Time-duration words which can be used in

pattern this pattern

are not many.

and the time-duration words

all indicate small amount of time.

For example,

these time-duration words all indicate short time,

small amount of time.

pattern Only this kind of time-duration word can be used in this patter.

understand?

Ok, now let's try

to answer questions.

The first question,

 or you are not in China,

and you're studying in your own country,

and you travel to a place,

did you forget your good friend?

You can use

the words which I provide for you.

like

,how to do?

If your good friend

are indeed very good friend,

and you really can't forget him,

you can say

and you can also emphasize more by saying

you even can say

I have been missing him.

Then if you are on a trip

or in China,

and you have a fun and very happy,

so you indeed forget your good friend,

you can say

 OK.now the sencond question.

CD

CD Then if the CD really is not good ,

and you don't like it indeed.

How do you answer?

you can answer

I really don't like ,don't want to listen.

Ok, the third question.

If the party is

really not funny,unintresting.

and you left as soon as you got there,

you din't stay here at that night.

Now you want to emphasize it.

How should you say?

Yes, you can say

whether the party funny or not ,I don't know.

since it is too noisy

stay the meaning of is stay.

undersatnd?
 OK, that is the

first grammar of time-duration words.

please remember that

in this pattern,

where the time-duration word is located,

and the time-duration words in this pattern

are used to emphasize negation.

Ok ,that is all for today.

Lesson 2-4
Hello,everyone.

This lesson,we will carry on studying

the grammar of time-duraiton words.

Today we are going to study its second usage.

Look at the examples first.

Ok, the first example,

what is the meaning of this sentencce?

He frequently change the positions of furniture at his home.

sofa sometime is before the wall,

sometime is beside the window,

and its position is often changed.

now is here now is there.

then his bookshelf,

sometime faces the north,sometime faces the south.

and its position is changed often.

understand? Ok, now the second example.

 Then this sentence tells us that

her husband goes here and goes there,

he often goes out and goes to different places.

today he goes here and tomorrow goes there.

He often changes his destination.

Now the third example,

For this sentence you can easily

know its meaning,right?

If you are not here even for one day,I will be sad.

If I can't see smile on your face even for one day,

I will be sad.

If you don't cook for me in the kitchen even for one day,

I will be sad.

Under these three situations,

I will be sad.

Now the fourth sentence.

This sentence tell us

 If you are not married, I will not be calm.

it emphasizes that if you..... I will....

For the time-duration words used in this pattern,

you need to notice that

First, we need to use it twice at least.

at least twice.

Secondly,you need to know that

the time-duration words which can be used in this way are not many
either.

and they are often used to indicate

small amount of time.

Thirdly,you need to know

in this grammar,

pattern the meaning of the pattern,

is to indicate two situations are in occurring in alternation.

Understand?

Now let's do some exercises

To complete the sentences.

This sentence is

what is the matter?

 The child cries sometime and smiles sometime.

and he changes fast,

and changes a lot.

By using time-duration words to express the meaning,

we can say

Have you seen this kind of child?

OK, the second sentence.

His girl friend is restless.

what kind of situation

is a restless situation?

he can't put up with it.

Do you know the meaning of ?

it means not quiet,

likes playing and going out etc.

this kind of personality is restless.

Ok, can we say in this way?

OK


It means changes often,

and often goes to different places.

now goes to amusement park,

OK now goes to karaoke.

Ok, the third sentence.

Well, for the western students,

it not troublesome to eat weatern food,is it?

Because you get used to eat western food.

when we eat western food,

we need to use knife and fork.

you have already got used to use knife and fork.

But for the people who grow in China,

like professor Xu,

we eat food with chopsticks.

And it is OK to finish food with just a pair of chopsticks.

But when eating western food with knife and fork,

I will feel very troublesome.

Why?

Because during eating weatern food,

sometime knife is used, sometime fork is used.

sometime you pick it up,

 sometime you put it dowm.

it is very troublesome

to change continuously when eating western food.

changes a lot, and changed fast.

So this grammar is quite good

and it can expess this kind of meaning.

Ok ,that is all for today.

Lesson 2-5
hello,everyone,

we will continue studying

the grammar about time-duration words.

we have already learned

two usages of time-duration words.

Today we are going to learn its

third usage.

Ok, in this usage,

after the time-duration word we need to

say etc.

With the help of these words,

we can express certain meanings.

Now Let's see the first one,

which is that after the time -duration word,

or is used.

Look at the example.

This sentence tells us that

during one hour,

in the section of time,

he called three times.

Now the second example.

In one hour,

I want to be alone.

The third example.

the fourth one.

Ok, in these four sentences

after the time-duration words

there are or or ,

and before them,

can also be used.

So, for the third sentence, you can also say

which means during the time of one hour

something happens.

Sometimes

we can before the time-duration words

use a conjunction word .

For instance the fifth sentence.

Sometimes we can

use after the time-duration word.

For instance the sixth sentence.

Then if we use

and a time-duration word,

or a time-duration word and ,

the meanings are also that

during a section of time,

something happens.

But when we use or ,

we don't need to use .

understand?

Ok, let's see the second usage.

after the time-duration word we use

words such as .

Look at the first example.

In one week, the sky is not good.

maybe it is grey.

but one week passed,

after one week, the sky returned back to blue.

 the second example,

They probably argued, right?

so Mary has been angry about him,

very angry.

But three weeks later, she forgave him.

the third example.

Look at ,its usage is that

is added to the time-duration word.

As a matter of fact, the time-duration word

becomes into a time-when word,right?

They indicate that

after a section of time,

something happens.

It is quite easy,

since it is not quite different from your native languages.

But there is one thing you need to notice here.

In this usage,

if the time-duration word is

then can be dropped.

Let's look at the examples.

The first one,

means in a while,

we will go to look for him,right?

But here can be dropped,

and it means after a minute.

The second example.

Actually the meaning of the sentence is that

after a while

a moment later, the child fell a sleep.right?

Ok ,now the third example.

the meaning of the third sentence is

actually before long we

will see each other.

The fourth example.

This sentence actually is

so ,when you see

this kind of examples,

you need to know in the sentences,

after the time-duration words,

 there should be .

But since these time-duration words

are rather special,

after them

can be dropped.

I hope that at the moment you

don't use them in this way.

but you are required to be able to understand

these sentences. That is ok.

If you want to use the grammar,

I suggest you use

or

clear?

OK, then let's do an exercise.

use the grammars we learned in this lesson

and answer the questions.

the first one,

your friend was anxious to find you,

what did he do?

during the time when you were not here,

what did your friend do to try to find you?

he can call you ,right?

he can also come to find you in your room, right?

 since he was very anxious,

he might called you many times,

or came to find you many times,etc.

so if use this grammar,

we can answer

Ok, let's move on to the second question.

for this question let's discuss

the methods to die.

this is also science knowledge.

how does a person do

and he will definitly die?

maybe he doesn't drink water,doesn't eat anything,

doesn't breathe,right?

Ok, how should we answer?

can we say

Ok, let's do the third question.

how shoud you do?

Now you are not healthy,right?

the doctor advised you to

do exercises.

how shoudl you do exercises to keep fit?

in one week,

we need to do exercises, right?

is it enough to do exercises one time in one week?no,right?

then how should you do to become better and better?

we can say

you need to have a good habbit to do exercises.

Ok ,that is what we learned today,

the third usage of time-duration words.

that is all for today.

Lesson 2-6
hello ,everyone.

we will continue studying

the grammars about time-duration words.

Pattern let's look at the pattern.

what does it look like?

Ok, in this pattern,

we can see a time-duration word

is put after the main verb.

object If there is also an object in the sentence,

object the time-duration word need to be put before the object,right?

this pattern is different from

the previous three usages we've learned.

In the previous three patterns,

time-duration words are all put before the main verb.

you must remember that here

the time-duration word should be put after the main verb and before
the object.

Then when the time-duration words used in this way,

what meaning does it express?

let's see some instances.

the first one,

means you sleep

sleep,sleep and sleep for a while.

 the sencond one,

tells us that I have studied grammar for one year.

2013 1 for example, I began to study in Jan,2013,

2014 1 and carried on stuyding until Jan. 2014.

so the time is one year

I study ,study ,and study,

one year passed, right?

object is object,

and it should be after .

Please rememer the word order.

Now the third example.

what is the meaning?

for example, the airplane should take off at 8am,

but due to some problems,

it took off at 9am.

the fourth example,

tells us the time of looking

look, look and look, a long time passed.

so the time-duration word goes after the main verb,

and before the object.

 so by using this grammar, we can express

the duration of an action.

understand?

Ok ,about this grammar,

you also need to notice that

if there is

an object and the object is a pronoun,

the time-duration word need to be put after the pronoun.

what is pronoun?

there are pronouns such as

these words are pronoun.

pronoun

Ok, please remember

if in the sentence,

object the object is a pronoun,

we should say in this way.

for example,look at the sentence.

object is the object of the main verb .

originally

should be here.

but since is a pronoun,

should be put before the time-duration word.

 Ok, let's look at the next example.

clear now?

so if in this sentence,

object pronoun

pattern we need to use this pattern instead.

Remember this word order please.

There is another

point we need to notice.

Just now we said that if the time-duration word is put after the main
verb,

and before the object, the pattern is used to

indicate the duration of an action.

for example,study

study,study and sutdy for one year.

the duration of studying,

studying is carries on.

but we also can express

the time after an action is finished.

for example,

it tells us he is already here.

the action of is finished,right?

 it doesn't indicate that come, come ,and come

be on the way for three months.It doesn't mean this.

It means he came here,

and the action is finished.

and he is here for three months until now.

undersatnd?

Ok, the second example.

the action of graduation is finished.

two years,the time after the action is finished is indicated.

it is not possible for us to graduate for two years.

it's not possible to have been graduating ,right?

in the real world.

this kind of thing can't be found

so it indicates

the time after graduation is two years.

the third example is

means get up,wake up.

then the sentence means

the action of getting up finished,

and the time duration after getting up is a while.

Ok ,another point need to be noticed is that

in this grammar,

if there is an object,
 we can also say

in this way

that is we say the verb twice.

that is

object if there is an object in the pattern,

we can say it in two ways,

one is

the other one is

understand?

OK, now let's do some exercises.

Look at these sentences.

if we use the grammar we learned today,

how should we say them?

we can see an example,

which is

in the whole morning, I have been talking with the teacher.

The grammar in this sentence is

what we learned in last lesson,right?

The time-duration word

,after it

can be used.
 the whole moring,

in the time section,

I have been talking with the teacher.

Then if we use the grammar we learned today,

we can be express

the meaning of the sentence as

or .

Ok, let's look at

the next sentence,

how should we say it?

I think ,think and think, two hours passed.

so it should be .

or we can also say

ok, next.

two hours ,right?

so it should be

or

Ok, the third one.

for this sentence we need to be careful,

since it contains .
 I put it in red color to tell you

to notice it.

what kind of word is ?

it is a pronoun,isn't it?

If there is a pronoun

object in the sentence and it is the object,

the word order of the sentence

should be a little bit different.

so it should be .

must be in front of the time-duration word. .

We can also

say the verb twice.

so we can say

Ok, now the fourth one.

so the time duration of his staying here

is one more month already.

this sentence indicates

a time section after an action is finished.

so how should it be put?

Yes ,it should be .

Good. how did you do? Are you all right?

That is all for today.

Lesson 2-7
Hello ,everyone.

we have already learned

the grmammar about time for one week.

so in this class we will summarize them.

we have learned that

when using the grammar about time,

we first need to know

whether the word is time-when or time-duration.

I gave you

a lot of examples of time-when words and time-duration words.

Here we need to pay attention to

......,

which are time-when expressions.

we also have learned

soem words that are related with time expression,

and are quite similiar,

and are easy to be used wrong,

such as and

Their usages

were talked and we also did some exercises.

Then

we learned the usage of time-when words.

 Time-when words in the sentence

should be after the suject

or before the subject.

If the time-when word is very long,

such as ......

......,fot this kind of time-when words,

they are often used before the subject.

Ok, then we learned the usage of time-duration words.

Pattern we learnde four patterns.

Pattern Pattern In this Pattern,this Pattern,

Pattern and this Pattern,

Pattern In the pattern3,4 and 5,

the time-duration words are put before the verb.

But

Pattern when they are used in the patterns,

Pattern the meannings of each pattern

are different.

Pattern for example, in the pattern 3,

after the time-duration words,there must be or ,

and there must be or .

Pattern the meaning of the pattern is

to emphasize negation.

Pattern In the pattern 4,

the time-duration word

must be used at least twice.



at least twice.

Pattern and the meaning of the pattern is to indicate a change,

and the change is

quite fast and alternative.

Pattern In these two patterns,

the time-duration words are featured as

short time.

This kind of time-duration words are 59 00:03:18,374 --> 00:03:20,545

for instance

.Only this kind of time-duration words

Pattern can be used in these two patterns.

in the pattern5, after the time-duration words,

there should be words such as .

As a matter of fact,"time -duration word + or "

changes into a time-when word ,right?

and the meaning of the pattern is that

during the time,

or after the time section,

something happens.

In the last pattern, time-duration word is after the verb.

object and if there is an object,

the object

should be after the time-duration word.

you need to pay attention to this order.

 If there is an object,

we can also say

the verb twice,right?

for example,.

OK, that is what we have learned,

the grammar about time expression.

Please go over them

and when using time words,

please think in Chinese.

Now

let's do some exercises

to check out whether you memorized these grammars.

Look at these sentences and see whether they are correct.

The first sentence.

Watch TV for 4 hours

the word order of this sentence is same as English,isn't it?

But in Chinese it is wrong.

we should say

or

it indicates the time duration of the action of watching TV

(last) which is that it lasts

for 4 hours

The second sentence,



actually this sentence express

same meaning as the first sentence.

so it is not ok either.

we have to say

the third sentence,

this sentence is OK, isn't it?

OK, let's see the fourth sentence.

wait for him for one hour

That is the action of waiting lasts

for one hour.

is this sentence ok?

what is wrong with this sentence?

it is ,right?

,as you remember,is a prnoun.

object so when pronoun is an object,

this pronoun should be put before time-duration word.

so it should be .

then how about the latter sentence,

In this hour

I didn't do anything.
 so it is better to use here.

Now the fifth sentence.

Come here later

Come here in a minite

how should it be?

it should be .right?

We learned that

in this grammar,

after the time-duration word, should be used,

then we say what happens.

but because the time-duration word is ,

after it,

can be dropped.right?

so we can correct the sentence into .

are you clear?

Good. now please listen

and I will read a story.

After listening to the story,

please answer some questions.

This story was written by a foreign student.

He, after finished studying the

 grammars about time,

wrote the story.

In this story,he used many

grammars we've learned.

so please listen

and answer some questions.

The story is

2006

Understand?

Ok, noe let's see the first question.

 2006 it should be 2006 .

here we use a time-when word

2006

2006 the time-when word is after the subject

and before the verb .

2006 so 2006 .

ok,now the second question.

how long ?running.

it should be

remember?

the third question.

ok, in the second and third queations,

time-duration words are put after verbs,

object and before object.

they all indicate the lasting time of an action.

of course we can also say

they are ok, right?

now the fourth question.



well, this question is not

about the grammars we've learned.

and it is to help you do listenning comprehension.

now question 5.

the tennis tutor is strange.

when he teached me how to play tennis,

what did he do?

The tutor changed a lot.

so the feeling is

in this anwer,we actually

use two usages of time-duration words.

is that he didn't make me relaxed at all.

OK.the last question is



there is a time-when word here

Then why is

put after

instead of

This is because that what I hope is

to play tennis tomorrow,

and it is not I think tomorrow.

That is what I think about is to play tennnis tomorrow.

so you need to notice

the structure of the sentence.

Ok, how about your answer?

Let's read the story once more.

You can read

the story by yourself.

After finish it,

you can go back to answer

the questions again.OK?

I will not read together with you.

Ok,home work for today now.

in the first lesson this week,

before we began to study the grammar about time,

 I read you a story.

the story is about

a person and his first

business trip to Hongkong.

In that story,

there are a lot of time words,

including time-when and time-duration words.

in that story,

many usages of time-when and time-duration words are used,

and used very well.

so I hope that you

read the story again,

and pay attention to

the usages of the time words.

and then you can

write an essay.

the topic is "my travel".

you can tell us

when is your travel?

in the travel,

what happened?

I hope that when you

write the essay,

you can use

the grammars about time expression we've learned.

 if you can use

the grammars about time expressipon

in your essay,

it will be perfect.

Ok, I hope you can

use time expressions well.

that is all for today.

Lesson 2-8
hello ,everyone

today we will begin to study

some special time words.

these time words

are quite easy for you to make mistakes.

but actully they are not so difficult.

so we are going to review them briefly.

I think you might have already learned them.

ok, what we will learn today

is

we will see their difference .

ok,look at the example.

2014 9 20 if today is 2014 9 20 ,

9 21 then tomorrow should be9 21 .

so this is

then let is look at this time.

9 20 9 21

if we are here,

1993 9 3 there is

9 4 then what should be for 9 4 .

it should be ,right?

1993 9 3 for example,

 9 4

9 20 because we speak now,which is9 20

so that is a part time.

9 3 the day after9 3 ,

we should say .

and here we can also have another time.

2014 12 24 such as 2014 12 24

12 25 then 12 25 ,Christams,isn't it?

it should be .

2014 12 24 for example,

9 20 ok, today is 9 20

so for a time afterwards,

we also need to say .

clear now?

so is in a same serie with

and can indicate

a past time,

a future time.

undersatnd?

not too hard.

but when you use them,

 you must be carefuland remember the difference.

then let's try.

which word should be used here, or ?

it should be ,right?

because we speak today.

if the speaker speaks today,

we should say

since in these sentences,

context there are no other contexts.

we can suppose that

the speaker speaks now,

speaks today.

context the third one ,we have a context.

2 15

Placement Test

so it should be

2 15 since 2 15 is a past time,

 so here it should be

the fourth one,

so "gave professor wang a call"

tells us that happened before.

a past event.

so for a past event,

we should say

3 8 for example,

3 9

the fifth one.

context in this context, there is ,

so we know that is a past event,

and also

tells us that this

already took place.

so here we should say

ok, the last one.

number six.


tells us that this

happens later.

so here we can say

but there is another possiblity here.

for example,we now ,today

speak in Beijing,

then we take a train in the evening,

and go to ,let's say,shanghai.

now it is fast to go to Shanghai by train from beijing,right?

if take a train tonight

we will get to Shanghai toight.

under this kind of circumstance,

we surely can say

but if we take a train today

and tomorrow we arrive in a place

such as Guangzhou. if we arrive in that place,

we have to say

understand?
 ok, that is the usage of and

please remember them.

now let's do another exercise.

take a look

is there any problem with the sentence?

1996

ok.the meaning of the sentence is that

1996 1997 graduted in 1996 and got married in 1997.

so this is a past event, isn't it?

so is used wrong.

we should say

in the sentence

1996 there is a time-when word 1996.

1996 it shoule be in the sentence

after subject

and before main verb,right?

it can not be in the end of the sentence.

so we have to say

1996

ok. there is a here.

we talked about it before,didn't we?

please don't say



so in this sentence,

actually there are three mistakes.

that is all for today.

Lesson 2-9
hello,everyone.

this lesson,

we will learn anther two time words.

one is , the other one is .

the two words.

what is the diffrence of their usage?

may I ask you a question?

11 some of you might possibly answer 11 .

but is that really precise?

11 it is 11 o'clock precisely.

sometime it is hard for us to be so accurate.

we possibly need to say

11

11

11 about 11 o'clock.

when we go to bed,

11 wo might not look at our watch and say11 o'clock.

so it will not usually happen.

so somwtime we need to use

words like and

to indicate a fuzzy time.

the meaning of the two words is same.

what do they differ in usage?

 I will show you some examples

and please try to figure out

the difference of the usage of and .

ok, we can say

we can also say

it is ok to say

but it is not ok to say

please notice the asterisk (*)

it means ungrammatical.

is wrong, is Ok.

we can say

but we can't say

you all know ,right?

Spring Festival

it is the most important festival in China.

we can say

but we can't say

ok. look at and ,

what is the difference?

here we can see that

there is time-when word.

is a time-when word.

is also a time-when word.

 so time-when word can be used both before

and .

but for the time-when word like ,

only can be used after it.

and is a time-duration word.

so time-duration word can only be used before .

besides time-duration word,other mumber-measurement words,

such as

can also be used before .

ok, the usage of and

is just like this.

can only be used afer time-when word,

and can be used after time-when

and after time-duration

and also after the other number-measurement words.

when they are both used after time-when word

we need to notice that

the time-when word like

can 't be used with ,

and can only be used with ,

got it?

ok let's see

how to use them.

ten months is a time-duration,

and time-duration word can only be used before ,

be used with .

so for this one we should say

Christmas

this is a specail time-when word,isn't it?

specail time-when word should be

used before .

so the second one should be

six o'clock is a time-when word,

a time-when word

a time-when word can be used before

and be used before

and six o'clock is not

a special time-when word.

so here both and are ok.

undertand?

ok ,the fourth one.

1.8-meter is a number-measurement word,

 it is not a time-duration word,

so after it only can be used.

20

20-kg is also a number-measurement word, so it can

and only can be used with .

20

clear now?

that is the usgae of and .

let's do another exercise.

About 2,000 foreign students

how should we say it?

is a number-measurment word.

so the order of the sentence is wrong.

we should say

so when you use and

the two words,

think in Chinese you had better think in Chinese.

to think in Chinese.

the order and your mother language

might possibly be different.

this is waht you need to pay more attentions.

ok, that is all for today.

Lesson 2-10
hello ,everyone.

this lesson we are going to study

the usage od the three words.

the three words

lool like quite similiar.

what are their usages?

when you studieds Chinese,

you might have already learned them.

let's just go over them briefly.

ok, look at the sentences and think about

how we should use them.

so in the first three sentences,

we should use .

the best one should be

so for sentence 4and 5,

we both use .

here should be used.

and you need to think

when is used,what kind of

conditions there are.

in the sentence 6and7,

there are words in blue.

then these words

tell us what?

they tells us that the events all happened

in before.

so when we use ,
 we need to pay special attention to this.

Ok, let's summarize.

can be used afer time-when word

for example,

it can be used after time-duration word,

for example,

it can also be used after a verb,

for example,

indicates past,

and before it there is a event,

after which

there is another event.

so in between the two events,

we can use .

for example,the past event is

something happened when I was a child.

the first thing is I liked Chocalate.

the second is I didn't like Chocalate.

so we use .

another instance.

getting married is a past event.

the first thing is being very happy.the sencond is gettting divorced.

in between them is used.

 so that is when we use 76 00:03:57,204 --> 00:03:58,725
what we must notice.

That is it must be past events

in between two past events,

we use .

then what is ?it is used to emphasize first what happens,

and then what happens.

it is used to emphasize the sequence of two events.

it can be used for the past events,

it can also be used for future.

so for sentence number 4,

this is past.

this is future.

that is the usage of the three words.

quite easy.

you just remember their usage.

then let's do more exercise.

2000

 2000 ok, 2000 tells us

this is a past event.

and there are two things here.

the first one is I got acquainted with him,

the second is he left China,

and we never met again.

so in this sentence,

is not used properly.

we should use .

for , I just told you that,

it has three usages.

the first one is being used after time-when word.

the second one is being used after time-duration word.

the third one is being used after a verb.

Now look at here,

there is no time-when word,

no time-duration word ,and no verb either.

so that is not

a usage that I told you.

but actually

can be used alone.

when it is used alone,

there must be in the front.

for example.

so when

is used alone,

imply it must imply

how is and how is .

ok, understand?

that is all for today.

Lesson 2-11
Come on, Baola and Luosili

Let's listen to them together

Be louder, could you?

OK

OK

Are you ready for the exam today?

Did you learn Chinese yesterday?

I learnd Chinese for 3 hours

I did not rest for a minute. What about you?

Honestly, I planned to work hard

But I alternately learned Chinese

and watched TV. So I am not ready yet

Understood?

I will repeat

How did you do?

 Well?

OK. Some

Some have finished their stories

and some still have not

But now we have no time

so let's hear the stories of

those who have finished first, shall we?

Let's hear

the story of Suyuanming and Ailin first

OK? Speak loudly and slowly

Yeasterday my friend read for

half an hour in a bookstore

50 In the half hour, he read 50 pages

After he finished, he met his friend

and they two chatted for 10 minutes

Then they decided to go to the cafe

to chat over coffee

After they got to the cafe

they did not feel bored for even a minute

Understood? I will read it again

OK

50

fifty pages
 50

feel "gandao" means "feel"

feel bored

You've got all these grammar points?

Very good.
Week 3

Lesson 3-1
hello,everyone,

this week we are going to studty

the grammars about place expressions.

Let's look at

the complicated sentence which we learned.

Last week we learned

the grammars about time expressions.

which is in this sentence

correspondent with the part of .

Then the grammar we are going to learn

is about the part .

we will see

in Chinese if we need to express

a place,

what kind of grammars

what kind of knowledge,

need our attenion.

Before we study the grammars about place exrepssions,

first we read a story.

when you read the story,

 please notice

time words in the story,

including time-when and time-duration words.

we read the story

and go over

the grammar we learned last week.

meanwhile when reading the story,

please try to find out in the story

what sentences express place.

let's observe

the parts of place expression

and see how they are featured.OK?

ok, the title of the story is

the story is written by

a person who studies Chinese.

28

11

10 15

12

Ok, the story is over.

do you understand the meaning of it?

if after reading together with me

you havn't understood it,

the I suggest you go back and

read it again.OK?

in the story,
 we can see some words in red,

and some word in blue.

the words in red

are all about time expression,right?

for instance,

which is located here.

this is a time expression,isn't it?

this is a time-duratin expression.and so on.

so we reviewed

the grammar about time expression.

today what we are going to study is

grammar about place expression.

Let's see

in the story

there are some parts like this, right?

the first one,

the second one ,right?

the sentences are

we can see that in these two parts,

are used after them.

OK, the next one is .



and .

then in

in the three parts,

is used.

and you can also find that

above ,

I put a bracket

which means that

is optional.

yes, the meaning is like this.

then you must have a question that

since it is Ok to say ,

and it is also ok to say ,

for

is it all right to say ?

the answer is no.

well,then when we have to use

and when

can either be used or not be used?

I will tell you later.

 today we will see

in Chinese how we

express place.

The way is

to use some locality nouns.

In Chinese there are two kinds of locality nouns,

one kind is monosyllable

which is just one-charater word.

the other kind is double syllable

which is two-character word.

the monosyllable words include

and the double syllable words

are formed by the monosyllable words and

word or .

so we have

they are all double syllable locality nouns.

Ok, if it is a

monosyllable locality noun,

we can

put it directly after a noun

to indicate a place.
 for example,we have a

and it is something, isn't it?

table desk table or desk is a noun.

and is also a noun.

is a noun, is a noun, is a noun.

then after them,

if a monosyllable locaility noun is used,

we have amd it indicates a place then.

they are all places.

if it is a double syllable locality noun,

we can also put it directly after a noun,

so we can also say

But for a double syllable locality noun,

can also be used before it.

for example, .

ok, the other double syllable locality nouns are

and so on.

They are also locality nouns,

and they can used after nouns

to indicate place.

The double syllable locality nouns

can be used alone to indicate place as well.

for example,
 Ok, understand?

when you use locality nouns,

you must notice that

they are used after nouns

to indicate place.

in the first week when we learned

the Chinese grammar features,

I gave you an example,

which is and .

since their word order is different,their meanings are also different.

is formed by a noun

and a locality noun.

they are put together in such kind of sequence

to indciate a place.

But if the locality noun is put before and is in the back,

the phrase is to indicate a building.

building

place This is a place, isn't it?

so you must pay attention to

the word order.

because the word order possibly

is different from your native language

such as English.

if we say ,
 on the table in English we need to say on the table.

table on so table is in the back and on is in the before.

but in Chinese,

we need to say .

Ok, now let's do an exercise

to see whether you

have known the usage of locality noun.

Ok ,the first sentence.

,is it correct?

is a locaity noun, isn't it?

and is a noun.

so here the locality noun is used before .

so is it a place? no.

so we should say

under the table

for example, this is a table.

there is a cat here.

well, the cat is not pretty,

but you know it is a cat,that is all right.

it is that the cat is under the table, right?

ok.if it is in another situation,

look,

can you express it in Chinese?

 there are two tables here.

the cat is here, on the second table.

how should we say in Chinese?

we should say

This table is the table above,

this table is the table below.

and the cat

is on the table below.

right?very goood.

Ok ,the second sentence.

is a locality noun, isn't it?

Ok, it should be .

so here there are some expressions,

place expressions.

Now we go over the direction words together.

we have four directions,right?

it this is ,

then this place should be .

this shoulde be .

this should be and this is .

they are eight direction words.

ok, now the third sentence.

this , as we said,

is something. So how should we say?

it should be ,right?

it is also ok to say .

now the fourth sentence.

is a place.

we put a place first

and then an action ,right?

so we need to use .

ok, the fifth sentence.

go to your teacher

In Chinese,

it is not right to say .

we have to say .

this is a place.

So please notice
 in Chinese,

we have two very simple words,

and .

after them, a place should be used.

if there is another action/event,

you can use a verb .

so it must be "+place" "+place".

and since is not a place,

we use

and then we get a place.

so is all right.

clear now?

Ok ,let's do

some translations.

when you do the exercies,

please think about the locality nouns

and see where they should be put.

so notice the position of the locality nouns.

the first one.

the second one.

the third one.

 is a time-when word,isn't it?

we can also say

good. then here

we need to notice the word order.

a person

at some place ,do something.

the fourth one.

the books for the books,we can say

Among what should we say among?

for ,

we know it is not a real place.

but it is an abstract place.

this is an abstract place, isn't it?

so sometimes

we can use locality noun to

express an abstract place.

Ok, that is the grammar we learned today

about place expression.

clear now?
Lesson 3-2
hello,everyone,

let's continue to study the grammar about place expression.

Today we will look at several sentences first.

let's see whether these sentences good or not.

ok,the first sentence.

the second part of the sentence tells us that

the meaning of the sentence is

Peking University is a very large university,

so the first part

is not good.

because we don't need to emphasize that

campus on the campus of PKU,

there are many students on the campus.

these students are all from PKU,

the university.

so we don't need to say .

now the second sentence.

this sentence can be all right,

it can be not good either.

if the bank and the post office

belong to PKU,
 then it is OK to say it.

but generally speaking,

a univeristy doesn't have its own bank,

or its own post office.right?

but the other banks ,such as

China bank, or BICC can be

campus located on the campus of PKU.

the other post office also

can be located on the campus of PKU.

if the meaning is like this,

then in the first part we have to use

a .

now the third sentence.

this sentence is good, without any problems,isn't it?

because the first part says that there is no nice restaurant here.

here is a place.

since there is no nice restaurant here,

how about the other places?

the other place is .

let's see,

the speaker

probably is outside of PKU,

 so what we want to emphsize is that

how is the place of PKU.

so should be used here.

the fourth sentence.

this sentence is good, no errors.riht?

we can't use after ,

because the libary is where my father works.

we don't need to emphasize

my father works inside the library,

not outside of the library.

the fifth sentence.

this sentence is OK as well.

by saying in this way,

the speaker emphasizes that

inside the place of the library,

there are many books.

if he doesn't want to emphasize this is a place,

he can say .

that is OK.

from these five sentences, we can see that

after ,sometimes is used,

sometimes is not used.

so is for .

sometimes it needs to be used after it,

 sometimes it doen't need .

now let's see the sixth sentence.

this sentence is not good.

is the capital of Japan,isn't it?

Tokyo

it is all right to say .

now the seventh sentence.

this sentence is wrong too.

we should say

that is OK.

then why after and ,

mustn't be used?

what does it convey?

please think about it first,

then I will tell you.

In Chinese,

if we want to express a place,

how should we do?

these are the correct ways.

for the words such as 96 00:05:08,248 --> 00:05:12,123

provinces

they are places intrinsically.

when we see the words,we will know

 they are places.

so after these words,

locality nouns are not needed.

they themselves can indicate places.

then there are other words,

as we said just now,

such as and

and and so on.this kind of words,

they can be a place,

they can also be a work unit(organization).

after these words whether locality nouns are needed or not

depends on what we want to express.

if we want to emphasize this is a place,

then after them,

the locality nouns etc. can be used.

but if we want to emphasize that

they are organizations,

then after them,

locality nouns are not needed.

for example,

, and so on and so forth.

there are other words,

such as etc.

if we want to use these words to indicate places,

 after them locality nouns must be used.

because these words themselves indicate

something.

for example, mail box, ball/dancing party,

tree and car.

some things they are all something ,stuff.

so they can't indicate places.

if we want to use them to express palces,

after them locality nouns must be used.

so is a place.

is a place.

for instance,

play under the tree,this place.

so when used to indicate place,

locality nouns must be used together with these words.

so these are in Chinese

three kinds of place expression.

understand? no problem,right?

OK, let's do some exercises.

here we have some words,

these words are commom nouns.

so if they are used to indicate place,

after them,

locality nouns must be used.

 please think that

after these words,

what locality nouns should be used,

so that they can be filled in the sentences.

ok, the first sentence.

is often 7or 8 o'clock in the morning,

and 6 or 7 o'clock in the afternoon.

which is when people go to work

and go off work.

this is called .

there are many cars.

since people go to work by car and go back home by car.

so it should be ,right?

the second sentence.

I have no money.we usually put money

in the purse.right?

then where is the purse usually put?

it is on our body.

so it should be .

now the third sentence.what

 moonlit,what place?

you can say .it is OK?

yes, it is,isn't it?

Suppose you walk outside,

and you see a moonlit road, very beautiful.

you can also say .

right?

Suppose you are inside a building,

you look outside

and you see the moonlight.

so you can say .

what is the most beautiful picture?

it should be .right?

you sit in your room,

you sit nearby the window and you see outside the window,

it is moonlit, very beautiful.

so is a good answer.

now the fourth sentence. ,he is very sad,not happy.

where might be full of tears?

of course ,it should be eyes.

so after ,

which locality noun can be used?

it is ..

the fifth sentence.where is it? it is very close.

 .OK?

Suppose we are on the second or third floor,

and the bookstore is on the first floor,

we can say .

and you can surely say

,right?

it is outside the building,very close.

now the sixth sentence.where are there some discontent?

we need to notice the discontent.

then the students are not content.

if we want to emphsize

we can say among the students there are some discontent.

it is very good to say .

the seventh sentence.

if the speaker is a Chinese person,

and he says this sentence in China, we can say

the word opposite to is ,isn't it?

these two words

are just like word(instead of phrase).

so please remember them.

Ok, understand?

that is all for today.

Lesson 3-3
hello,everyone.

let's continue to study the grammar about place expression.

here there are some sentences.

please read them

and think about

what are their characteristics?

the first sentence.

the second one.

the third one.

these three sentences,

what are their characteristics?

you can see that

these sentences all include ,right?

is in red color

what is before is

and what is after is .

the meaning of these three sentences

is in these places,

there are somethings or somebodies.right?

ok, now the fourth sentence.



the fifth sentence.

in these two sentences both include ,

what is before is place.

,they are both place.

then after ,there is

they are things, aren't they?

OK, now the sixth sentence.

the seventh one.

these two sentences both contain ,

and what is before is ,

which is a thing or a person.

after there are

,which are both place.

so these seven sentences

all mean that

in some palce there are something or somebody.

but sometimes we use

sometimes we use

and sometimes we use .

 then do you know how to use them?

so if we put place words in the before,

we should use or .

if we put place words in the back,

we should use .right?

well,next

I think you will certainly ask

when using and ,

do they mean the same?

there must be something different,right?

since if they are completely mean the same thing,

it is not necessary to provide

the two grammar items.

so there must be something different.

then what is the difference?

let's look at the

first sentence ,the second sentence

and the third sentence.

look at the words after .

what are their characteristics?

and let's look at the fourth sentence and the fifth sentence.

the words afer

are .
 then what does differ from

what is the difference?

OK.I will

first tell you another grammar here.

for example, you can speak English.right?

when we study English,

there are some troublesome words .

a book sometimes we need to saya book,

the book sometimes we need to say the book.

a book the book then a book and the book,

what do they differ?

a book yes, for a book,

we don't know what book it is.

the book but for the book, we usually know

which book it is.right?

if I hold a book in mu hand,

I should say

the book the book is blabla....

because we know the book

it is the book.

the book

the book so the book

the noun is a

definite noun
 is a .

a book and a book

indefinite noun is a indefinite noun.

it is a .

then

these words,

are they definite or indefinite?

sure, they are definite.

becauce in the world,

in China, there is only one

and there is only one .

when we say

we certainly know it is that university.

when we say ,

we certainly know it is that garden.

right?

so and

they are both definite noun.

but

,they are all indefinite noun.

then how about ?

here

is of course an indefinite noun.isn't it?

because when we say in this way,

 the listener doen't know

which dining hall it is.

so now we can see that

after , an indefinite noun usually is used.

how does the indefinite noun look like?

it often contains a quantifier

which is a number plus a noun.

a number such as ,

which is a number plus a measure word,

and then a noun.

we call them .

so after ,there should be indefinite noun.

but after ,

there can be indefinite noun,

and there can be definite noun.

good. so please remember

when we use and ,

we need to know the difference.

ok, then next

you certaily need to ask

since indefinite noun can be used after

and be used after ,

under this kind of situation,

are they same?

are they same?

 NO.that is the answer.

and what is the difference?

if we use ,

it indicates that

there is nothing else.that is all the stuff.

it means that in the place there is only a canteen.

the canteen is all the stuff.

but when we use ,

list it is just a list.

we don't know whether there are other things or not.

possibly there is other stuff.

that is before the dormitory buidling,there is a person,

and other things.

of course ,right?there might be some trees,

some cars,etc.

so the speaker here

doesn't emphasize there is only one person,

and he uses .

but if he wants to emphasize

that is everything,

he need to use . clear now?

good. we have a chart here to

help you understand

the gramamr of .
 more examples for you now.

like .

is a thing,

and it is in the before, is a place,

and it is in the back,

so we use .

is a place

is a thing.

so we use .

or we can also say

then why is used here

and why is uede here?

because

definite is a definite noun.

China Bank

it is a definite noun.

while is an indefinite noun.

so we can say .

ok. then

here is used, instead of .

why?
 because if we use ,

we emphaszie that against the wall

in front of the wall there is only a row of bookshelf.

the bookshelf is everything.

so is good.

it can indicate what want to convey.

ok, clear?

then let's do some exercises.

please look at the sentences

and think how to use .

now the first one.

is a place,isn't it?

the place is in the before,

so we can choose to use or ,

both ok.

and

is it a definite noun

or indefinite noun?

yes, it is indefinite.

so before the indefinite noun,

both and can be used.right?

so in this place

.both OK.

if we use ,


we want to emphasize that there is only a bookshelf in this place.

there is nothing else. right?

good.so here both and can be used.

next,

is a place,isn't it?

good. and

they are things.

so here both and are OK.

since

they are all indefinite noun.

good. next.

books, pictorials, magazines,they are all things

,they are all places.

so in these three blanks there should be

right? no problem.

Now let's do the second one.

well, this is not a place.

 it just expresses that what this is.

this thing is a photo of my family.

OK.go on.

is a place, isn't it?

when a place is in the before,

both and can be used.

then let's see the following words.

are they definite or indefinite?

they are definite nouns certainly.

so in this blank, should be used.yes.

Ok ,this is not we learned this week.

this grammar,

this is very simple.

goog. let's go on.

is a place.

is a person.

so the person is in the before and the place is in the back.

we should use .

 then

is a place.

is a person,

and is a definite noun.

so in this blank, should be used.

then how about me?

is a place.

ok. no problems?

then homework for today is

you had better find a

classmate who also studies the course,

you together do

an interesting activity.

you describe your own room,

your university or your favorite place.

you can tell us,

say,what are there in your room?

where is your table?

what are there on your table?etc.

you describe your room,

anf your classmate

draw your room while listening.

 let's see whether he can draw out your room

or your university,

or your favorite place.

I hope you that by doing

this funny activity,

you can use correctly.

ok, that's all for today.

Lesson 3-4
OK. I can see that most of you

have finished

Next I will read out the room of one of yours

and then two of you can draw it up here

OK?

Who wants to do it?

Who wants to draw up here?

We two

Please draw for us

You don't have to read, just draw the room

Airui won't come. Can I have one more volunteer?

Linxi

You draw yours. And Linxi will draw hers

It's terrible

That's fine

OK. If you feel that

information the information I gave you is not enough

please ask me in Chinese. OK.

My room is not very big

It is too small

In the room there is a bed

Where?

Ailin, where is your bed?

My bed is in the south of the room

 Ailin's bed is in the south of the room

Southeast

In front of the bed there is a big wardrobe

Ailin, your bed is there, right?

Yes

In front of the bed

In front of what?

This is fine

This is fine

My table is on the left of the wardrobe

My table is on the left of the wardrobe

Almost

Are they right, Ailin?

Yes

Linxi's table is here

Jiake's table is here

Too small a table

This table

This one is the best one

So this table is on the left of the wardrobe

But the table is not leaning against the wall, is it?

No

Not leaning against the wall over there

OK

At the table I am studying Chinese

 doing my homework

My computer is on the table

My computer is on the table

I don't know about her table

The computer can be on the table

Here, or here

or here, right?

Yes

Ask her, Linxi. Please ask Ailin

Where is your computer on the table?

Sometimes it's on the left side, and sometimes it's on the right side

Still sometimes it's in the middle

Oh, sometimes it's on the left side

and sometimes it's on the right side

still sometimes it's in the middle

So it's fine

OK

On the right of the bed there is a small table

Left of the bed

Left, left

On the left of the bed there is a small table

and on the table is a picture of my friends

In front of my room is the living room

In front of my room is the living room

What is "keting"?
 Living room

Where?

In front of my room is the living room

The door is here

Yes, yes

The door is here

So your table is facing the door?

Excuse me?

Your table

In front of the table is your window

Ask her

I will ask

You are right

So Linxi wants to know where is your window

Where is your window?

Window

yes

The window is on the left of the table

Please say it again

On the left of the table is my window

Which table?

On the left of the table is the window

The big one

or the window is on the left of the table

Here or here?
 On the left

Good

In the living room there is a big table

a refrigerator

a sofa and a TV

Where are they?

The big table and the fridge

are on the right of the sofa

The sofa is on the south

On the south

So the big table and the fridge

are on the right of the sofa

The fridge is on the right of the sofa

Then

Then table is in front of the fridge

Front? Or middle?

Middle

Next to the wall

Leaning against the wall

Next. In front of the sofa is the TV

Against the wall?

Against the wall

On the left of the living room is the washroom

Left of the living room, but is on the middle south

Middle south or middle north?

 The washroom

And on the right of the living room is the bedroom of my roommate

bedroom

Is the bedroom of my roommate

Is the bedroom of your roommate

quite like yours?

Yours is the big one

so hers is the small one

Big, big

The last one

The kitchen is in front of the living room

The kitchen is in front of the living room

The kitchen is in front of the living room

In front of the living room

He is right

In front of the living room

South

South

Yes

Ask her

This is in the back, is it?

Yes

Finished

Finished

How are they?

 Good. Very fine
Week 4

Lesson 4-1
hello,everyone.

this week we are going to study

a special kind of verbs,

which are .

Ok. First let's see

where we are.

in the first week we learned

this complicated sentence,didn't we?

shall we read it together?

we have already learned

the grammar of time expressions,

and the grammar of place expressions.

so this week,

we are going to study this part,

which is about the usage of verbs.

so now are right here.

verbs. their usage

is not quite hard.

but there are something in Chinese

need our special attentions.

before telling you

 what are,

we need to study some grammars about verbs.

let's look at the following verbs.

what characteristic do these verbs share?

their common characteristic is that

after them something can be added.

right?

we can say .

we can say ,

and .

we can ,.

we can .

how about ? we can ,right?

if you are a little bit angry,

you can .it is Ok, right?

for , we can say

for ,we can

and we also can .

for , we can ,

such as ,etc.

for , we can say

for ,we can say ,



for ,what can we practice?

we can ,and so on.

for ,we can say ,

so after these verbs,

something can be added.

so for this kind of verbs, we call them

transtive verbs.

vt in English,they are vt

if you know English, you must know it.

vt

there are other verbs, let's see.

wake up the meaning of is to wake up.

what chareateristice do they verbs share?

their feature is

after them we can't add a noun.

we don't know what can carry.

right?it is sufficient all by itself.

same for . after it

usually there is no other nouns.

same for .

same for . we cough.that is OK.

 nothing else need to be added to it.

for , after we sleep ,we open eyes,

so we wake up.

nothing else is needed.

so this kind of verbs

are called ,

vi in English they are vi

intransitive verb vi

you know it as well, do you?

so there are at least two kinds of verbs.

one is transitive verb,

the other one is intransitive verb.

good. in Chinese we have a kind of

very special intransitive verbs,

which are that we today

and this week are going to learn.

for exampke, .

3 these three verbs,

semantically

can carry something or somebody,

meet like .it means to meet.

meet we must meet somebody, right?

meet meet somebody meet a person ,meet somebody.

but in Chinese,

is an intransitive verb,
 that is, after it

a person can't be added.

we can' say somebody.

same for .

same for .

actually in first week,

I gave you some examples of .

do you remember?

so for these verbs you must know

they are intransitive verb,

object so after them there is no object.

OK. next we need to know

these verbs and the other intransitive verbs such as ,

what do they differ?

OK. you can see that

these verbs can be seperated.

verb itself is a verb,

verb itself is a verb,

verb itself is a verb too.

object and are their objects actually.

so we can also call them

v-o compound

that is the first feature of these verbs.

then what is the second feature ?

it is that these verbs

 can be seperated.

,for example,can be seperated,

like,.

for ,we can say

is usually not used in this way.

but it is all right to seperate it if necessary.

so these words,

we call them .

means to leave,which indicates that they can be seperated.

means to combine,which indicates that they can be used as one unit.

that is why they are called .

understand?

now let's look at these sentences.

they are certainly all wrong.

let's see the first sentence.

1947 10

just now we said

is a V-O compound,

so it is an intransitive verb.

object so after it there shouldn't be an object.

so it is wrong to say .

Now the second sentence.

is a v-o compound,

so after it
 object there shouldn't be an object either.

so it is not OK to say in this way.

now the third sentence.

help

is also a v-o compound.

so after it,

object there can't be an object.

so it is not correct either.

the fourth one.

is a v-o compound.

so after it can't be carried.

the fifth one.

v-o compound is also a v-o compound

object after it there can't be an object.

well,how should we say these sentences?

the first sentence should be

the second sentence should be

the third sentence should be

or we can use another verb

and it also Ok to use .

the fourth sentence should be

or ,
 in this way is seperated and is inserted.

so it is OK to say

the first sentence should be

it 's OK to just use .

good.you know the verb .

so what are v-o compounds?

they are in Chinese

some very special verbs.

for these verbs,

when you study Chinese grammar,

you must pay special attentions.

Next lecture I will tell you

what v-o compounds there are in Chinese,

and how we can

help these v-o copmpounds

object to say out their objects.

that's all for today.

Lesson 4-2
hello,everyone.

today we continue to study vo compounds.

last lesson we said that

vo comopounds are intransitve verbs.

the meaning of intranstive is that

object the verb can't carry an object.

after them there shouldn't be objects.

but for some vo compounds

such as

semantically,these vo compounds

really affect something,

object they have an object.right?

help we must help somebody.

we must marry somebody.

we must meet some people.

right?

semantically they need an object,

but grammatically they are in transitive,

and they can't carry objects.

what do we do?

how can we do in Chinese

to help these vo compounds get out their objects.

that is what we are going to learn today.

actually we have several methods

 to help these vo compounds and their object.

the first method is to use function words.

in the first week we said that

the Chinese grammar has

an important feature

which is that function words are important.

when we study vo compounds,

we will see again

the importang feature of Chinese grammar.

88% among the vo compounds,there are approximately 88% compounds

need function words to help them

get out their objects.

then what are the function words?

the first one is .

we can say someboday do something.

these vo compounds include

so for these vo compounds

we can use to speak of the objects.

so we can say

the second function word is .

wen can say sb

 sb

sb

when you are angry ,you lose your temper,

lose temper

sb sb

when the Japanese students

see their teachers,

they often (salute)

(bow).

the third function word is .

we can say sb

means that girls

make themselves look prettier.

good.he fourth function word is .

we can say


Ok.here we have .

wen can say sb .

and here there is too.

we can say .

then and ,

what is their difference?

means that

two people together drink a toast.

means toast to friends.

for example one of our friends

got a remarkable grade,

celebration so we give him a celrebration

besides ,

we can also

so when is used with and

together,

their meanings are different.

the next function word is .

we can say sb .
 sb and sb ,

their meanings are same,

with no big difference.

ok.

there are other difficult words

that you probably don't know.

just put them aside now.

Ok ,that is the first method,which is to use function words.

the other method is

to seperate the vo compounds,

object and insert their objects in between.

for example, we can say

.since my friend helped me a lot,

so .

we eat together,

and I pay,he doesn't need to pay.

so .

the professor asks the students study hard

and they all study hard.

th child is disobedient today,

 and he does bad things.

so .

if the child does something very bad,

we can also say .

you can also say .

now let's see .In Chinese culture this is highly

emphasized.

if the child does wrong,

then Chinese parent will feel .

so wen can say .

now . if you bought something

and it is not good.

but the seller told you

it was good,

so you bought it in the end.

we can say .

good. this is the second method.

next we need to ask a question.

when do we

use function words to help

and when do we

seperate the vo compounds?

for example,can we say



and can we say ?

the answer is no.

for ,

we can only use function words to help.

we can only say

but how about ? well ,we san say

we can also say .

so for , it is both OK to use the first method

and the second method.

but for ,only the second method is OK.

we can only say

and we can't say . why?

let's think about it.

yes,because

need two people to do .

we must have and together and then get married.

I and he together argue.

so these verbs

are mutual verbs.

but how about ?

one person helps.

 and the other person can do nothing, right?

so we emphasize one person's action,

and we say .

so is unilateral action.

then how about ? it is quite interesting.

it is possible that two people see each other.

but it is also possible that I actively

go to see somepeople.

so we can emphasize that

the behaviour is what I want to do.

so for , we can say ,

we can also say .

clear now?

it doesn't matter if you still don't understand.

actually the best way is to

memorize these vo compounds,

take them by heart one by one.

and know they are the verbs that

the second method can apply to.

OK, let's see the third method.

we said that in a vo compound

v-o compound

the former word

itself is a verb actually.

 so the third method is

to use the former word only.

for example,.

we don't say .

it is wrong to say .

but it is OK to say

we can also say

we only use the former word .

that is OK.

this is

the third method for vo compounds to get out objects.

Am I understood?

good. In Chinese there are not so many vo compounds.

the vo compounds I just told you

if you remember them one by one,

it will be enough at the present stage.

there are other vo compounds which are difficult

and when you move to advanced level,

you study those vo compounds.

OK. just now I have been emphasizing that

please remember

the vo compounds one by one.

 and please don't casually

seperate a word

such as .

these words also include two characters,

they are double syllable.

but they are not vo compounds,

so they can't be seperated.

so since now you don't possess

a good language sense,

language feeling,

please don't take it for granted to

seperate a word.

the best way is to one by one

remember these vo compounds.

remember them

and know they are special,

special verbs.That is the way.

OK ,today's homework now.

please use

thses vo compounds we talked about today

to write a conversation.

5 please use at least five vo compounds.

when using them, please think about

whether to use function words or to seperate them

or to only use the former word

 to get out their objects.
Lesson 4-3
Hello ,everyone

Today we will continue to study VO compounds.

Last time we said that

one imporatnt feature of VO compound is that

it can be seperated.

When the vo compound is used,

how can it be separated?

This time we will learn

some grammars of the usages of VO compounds.

let's look at the sentences.

These sentences are all wrong.

how should we say them?

let's take a look.

ok, the first one.

is a vo compound.

and when it is used

with the time-duration word such as ,it should be seperated.

so this sentence should be

the second sentence.

is also a vo compound.

so when it is used with ,

 it should be seperated as well.

the third sentence.

is a vo compound.

is the object of semantically.

is a number-measurement word.

so here should be seperated too.

we should say

the fourth sentence.

for Verb, there is a usage of reduplication,

which means that we can say it twice.

for example,wo can say

we can say ,right?

if we want to ask for favour,

you can say, excuse me,

so the reduplication of verbs has its special meaning.

vo compound is verb,

so it can be reduplicated.

but when vo compound is reduplicated,

we can only repeat the former word.

 so for this sentence we should say

4 so these four sentences

tell us that

when vo compounds are in use,

how they can be seperated.

Now let's see

what kind of things

can be put in between vo compounds.

The simpliest way is that

we can in the vo compound

put in a or .

for example,

Especially for ,you must remember that

it must be put in the middle of vo compound.

can be both in between the vo compound,

and after the vo compound.

we can also say

when do we say ?

and when do we say ?

when do we say ?
 when do we say ?

that is the grammar of .

what we must know here is that

if is used together with vo compound,

it can be in the middle of the vo compound.

ok, more complex one is

there is or ,and a time-duration word.

the time-duration word should also be put in

between the vo compound.

for instance,

we can make it even more complex.

besides or and time-duration word,

there is an object.

for example,

is the semantic object of ,

we need to put it in the before,in the middle of .

ok ,the last usage.

is that when reduplicated,

we can only repeat the former verb.

 for example,

ok, that is when the vo compound

is seperated in use,

the main situtations.

now let's see the following sentences.

the first sentence.

is a vo compound,isn't it?

so as we said ,after vo compound,

object there can't be an object.

so how should we say ?

we should say

the sencond one,

is wrong.

so should be

used together with a function word.

so we should say

the third one.

we said that if there is number-measurement word,

 it should be in between the vo compound.

so we should say

the fourth one,

shake hands

it should be used with a function word.

right?

so you can say that

the fifth one.

is a vo compound .

so when reduplicated, it should be .

the sixth one.

when he was a chlid he was not obedient,

so his mother often got angry because of him.

how should we put it?

we should say

the seventh one.

should also be used with function word.

Number eight.

is a vo compound.

here the vo compound is separeted,

but in wrong way.

Because if

object needs to carry an object,

we should use a function word,

instead of separating it in this way.

so for this sentence we should say

ok, clear now?

that is

some important usage of vo compound.

please remember these vo compounds

and when they are seperated

the situations of their usge.

Lesson 4-4
hello ,everyone.

this lesson we continue to study vo compounds.

let's overview what we have learned.

shall we read an interesting story together?

the title of the story is .

let's read the story together.

I hope that when we read it,you notice

the time expressions in the story

and place expressions,

and the usage of vo compounds.

ok, let's read it.

in the story,

there are some words in blue color and some words in red color.

the blue words are all about time expressions

and place expressions.

and the red words are that this week

we learned.

when you read them please notice

the grammars we have learned.

OK, let's start.

28

11

10 15


12

ok, do you understand the story?

it is an intersting,

romantic story, isn't it?

since you knew the story,

and just now when we read it,

you also paid attentions to

 the time expressions and place expressions,

and the usage of vo compounds,

so we can do an exercise together now.

can you please look at these words

and tell the story by yourself?

if you can't do that at the moment,

I suggest you go back

and read the story once more.

If you still can't,

go back to read it again and again,

until you find it is Ok for you.

only when you almost understand the story,

will we come back here

to retell the story.

OK, have a go.

then listen to my story.

10 15

12

ok, how are you doing?

I hope you after class

continue to do this exercise.

By doing the exercise you can notice

time expressions,place expressions

and usage of vo compounds.

this is a very good

method to practice grammar.

After you finish your narrating,

you can also go back to

read the story

and see your own sentences

and the sentences in the story.

and try to find out their differences.

OK.homework for today.

please tell us a story.

the topic is .

when you tell the story,

make sure that you use time expressions

place expressions and v-o compounds.

I'm keen to read your story.

that is all for today.

Lesson 4-5
OK. Anrui and Jiake want to say it

Right?

Be quick. Hanna wants to say it. Please put your hands together for her

OK. Let's hear it

Speak loudly and slowly, will you?

I'll sit for a while

Last night after the class

my best friend went to a bookstore

The bookstore is in the Wudaokou area

He took a bus to go there

and on the bus we talked

We chatted for half an hour

On the bus

we chatted for half an hour

When he got to the bookstore

In front of the bookstore

he saw the sign board of the store

which said they had closed

Understood?

Not exactly

I will ask some questions and then we will figure it out

I'll ask some questions

Last night her friend went to the bookstore

Where is it?
 In the Wudaokou area

This is what you have learnt in your Chinese class, isn't it?

The bookstore is in the Wudaokou area

so her friend did not walk there

How did her friend get there?

Her friend could not walk there

How did her friend get there? By bus

So her friend took a bus

to the bookstore in Wudaokou

What happened on the bus?

What happened on the bus?

They met. Fine

My friend and I met

And then? They chatted

For how long? One hour

So let's repeat it

On the bus they met each other

and chatted for one hour

chatted for one hour

Then they got to the bookstore

and found what?

The bookstore was closed, right?

Put your hands together for her, please

Good. Who's next?

Xiaoke and Suyuanming

 OK. Speak loudly and slowly

so that they can hear you clearly

Yes

After they finish

I will ask you some questions, and please answer them

OK. Let's start

Yesterday my friend was in a bookstore

reading books and drinking coffee

But he brought his own coffee

The waiter of the bookstore came to ask him

Can I help you?

And during that time he saw

the coffee in my friend's hand

He lost his temper at my friend

My friend and the waiter had a quarrel for one minute

and the waiter

felt embarrassed

so in order to apologize to my friend

he immediately bowed for several times. Nothing else.

Understood?

Finished

Thank you very much Very good

Yesterday what did my friend do at the bookstore?

He read books and drank coffee

But the coffee was not bought from the store

 but brought by himself

The waiter came and found his coffee

What did the waiter do?

What did the waiter do?

Had a quarrel

Had a quarrel. Before that?

He asked my friend "can I help you?"

He asked my friend "can I help you?"

Then

they had a quarrel

Yes. Quarrel

Then he

lose temper

He lost his temper at my friend

So my friend had a quarrel with him

For how long?

One minute

One minute

So let's say it again

My friend and the waiter

had a quarrel for one minute

and the waiter felt embarrassed

Embarrassed

So what did he do?

He bowed
 functional word What is the functional word for bowing?

The waiter bowed to my friend

for several times

Please say it again

He bowed to my friend for several times

Yes. Very good, isn't it?

He bowed to my friend for several times

Excellent, right? Please give them some applause again

Week 5

Lesson 5-1
Hello, everyone

This week we'll start to learn Chinese complements

Firstly let's take a lot at the resultant complements

Let's check at where are we

We meet this sentence again

Let's read it together

We have learned the grammar for time and space

and we have learned the usage of a special kind of verb

Liheci

so what we are going to learn this week

is the same as this part of "wan"

which is the grammar of complement

Here, "wan" is a resultative complement

Except for resultative complements, in Chinese

We also have directional complements,

state complements, and potential complements

In the next several weeks

we will learn directional complements and potential complements

This week let's start with resultative complements first

Then what is a resultative complement?

lets' see in the case of English

 what is the difference

look for In English we have "look for"

find and "find"

look for find What's the difference between "look for" and "find"?

look for We know that look for is to search for

find and "find" may be searching for something

and find it at last

There is a result

look see So is the case with "look" and "see"

look "look" is simply taking a look at something

see while "see" may be actually catching sight of something

There is a result

advise persuade "advise" and "persuade"

advise "advise" is to give someone your advice

persuade while "persuade" may be succeeding in

persuading someone into doing something

there is also a result included

Another example 42 00:02:27,512 --> 00:02:29,856 go to bed fall asleep "go to bed" and
"fall asleep"

go to bed asleep "go to bed" is to go to sleep

fall asleep while "fall asleep"

must be actually sleeping, may be even snoring

really sleeping

So in English

we have all these different words

 In the meanings of these words

there are some differences

words on the left

they only express one action

while the words on the right

expressing an action

and the result after the action

OK. Let's loot at the examples below

this one is "I am afraid, and I am tired"

and this one on the right is "I am afraid"

so afraid... then how about the result?

I become a fool

This one is so tired, and the result is

as if that I am going to die

In Chinese we can say

But between these and these

what are the differences?

Here is a "lei", which is an adjective

adjective so it is this adjective

with a result after it

and this one is a verb

with a result

so in Chinese

we have a special kind of grammar

 to express these meanings

of English

In English we use a word or a phrase

or a sentence

to express these results

In Chinese there is a same sort of grammar

which is a verb or an adjective

with a resultative complement after it

So let's take a look at

some examples of resultative complements

to wash is this action 85 00:04:51,705 --> 00:04:53,904

what is the result of this action?

is he is very tired. Washed himself tired.

The second one

The action is to wash, and the result is the clothes become clean

So we can say

The third one

The action is to wash, and what about the result?

wash, wash, wash, finish. The action is finished

finish washing

The last one

This example is sort of interesting

which is to say at the beginning

He washed clothes but he couldn't do it well

 Later on

he practiced and practiced

After doing so for a month

now he can wash clothes very quickly

or quicker than before

We say, that being quick is the result of this action

So you can say

So after this action

we can have many results

it can be about him

or about the clothes

It can also be about the action

All these are results after the action of "wash"

Understood? Great, now let's have some practices

For example

the action is "listen to"

So after listening to class

what kind of result can we have?

after two hours, one is very tired

The result is that he is tired. Then we can say

Good. What else

It may be that before he listens to a class, he couldn't understand it

So after two hours of learning

He understands it now.
 The result of listening to a class is that he understands

So this one we can say

What else?

It can also be that after he listens to the class

He becomes confused. He doesn't undertand it anymore

He used to understand it, now the result of "listen to" is

that he is confused

So at this time we can say

which means after this action of "listen to"

we can have all kinds of results

Good. Secondly

the action is "to clean"

The room is now dirty, I clean the room

What's the result? The result is that the room is clean

So we can say

Of course after cleaning, the result can also be

that I am tired

So we can also say

What else?

For example cleaning the room is so tiring

To which extent? That he is ill

 it may also work

So if "he is ill" is the result of cleaning the room

We can also say

OK. Let's think about

what kinds of result

can follow this verb

to form a resultative complement

Good. We have just said

and so on

after the verb there is

adjective

an adjective

to tell us the result

after the action

So this is one kind of resultative complement

It is very important

Let's see how to express

the following sentences

The first one, we should say

The second one, we should say

The third one

 or

The fourth one

Number five

Number six

or

Good. All these is to add an adjective

after the verb

to form a resultative complement

Let's look at number seven

We should say

Number eight

Number nine

Number ten

Great. So in these sentences

the resultative complements

are not adjectives

These resultative complements need to

be learned one by one

We will learn that

In Chinese what kinds of resultative complements

are specialized resultative complements

and we will learn about them one by one

So number eleven, you can say

 How about this one? Everybody knows

that this is a resultative complement

While studying about it

you may learn that an adjective plus "si le"

means very very much

OK

These are all resultative complements

All right, this is the general idea of resultative complements

Have you got it?

Well, let's call it a day

Lesson 5-2
Hello, everyone

This class we will continue to learn about resultative complements.

Today we are going to learn two specialized

resultative complements

This first one: "jian"

What's the difference between "kan" and "kanjian"?

For example, your friend told you

Look, look, what is out there?

What is that over there?

Then you looked for a while

You saw a person

So "kan" and "kan jian" are different

"kan" is simply an action

while "kan jian" emphasizes

the result after it

We know that when we find something

we should say "kanjian"

So the verbs that can also combine

with the resultative complement "jian"

are ting wen yu peng meng and so on

For instance, I had a dream last night

"meng jian" means that we dreamed

and something happened in the dream

 then I knew something

hence

Understood? Let's have a try

to see whether you can use

the resultative complement "jian"

Great. Let's translate the first sentence

How to say it?

Here we must say

You can't say

Because here we should emphasize

we looked, and then found some people

heard The second one, here is an extra "heard"

So how can we express it?

The sentence is a question

What's more, it is a rhetorical question

We can say

The third sentence. Everybody knows about this

In Paris, France

The famous and fabulous fragrance

Good. This one, smell

So this sentence should be expressed as

 "wen" is simply the action of smell

After this action

If you recognize that there is fragrance

We should say

Nice. Now let's take a look at

these two sentences

Both sentences contains "kan"

Yet we should say "kan jian"

"yi" plus a verb

what's behind it is usually a new discovery

If it is a new discovery

then we have a result after looking

We now have a new discovery

So we shall say

The second sentence

If I say

What does it mean?

It means that we are walking to class

while watching a dog

which is quite impossible in our life

walking and watching a dog at the same time

So what this person wants to express

is that he found a dog on the way to the class

 So we should say

Great. So we should keep it in mind that

all have different meanings

With "jian" we can also say pengjian yujian

In English these two words

mean

come across with somebody

run into somebody or

Let's keep the meanings of these two in mind

so that we can master the grammar of pengjian and yujian

It is quite simple, so we will skip the practice

Now let's see the second

specialized resultative complement

What does resultative complement "hao" mean?

such as "chi hao"

When you go visiting your Chinese friend's house

when you

almost finish your dinner

your friend may ask you

then you should answer

What does this "chi hao" mean?

It has two meanings. One is that you finish eating

and another means that you find it pretty satisfactory

pretty good
 So you answer politely

so there are many verbs that can combine with

resultative complement "hao"

they can be

and so on and so forth

All actions that are finished and you find pretty good

can go together with "hao"

For example

Fine. Let's do some exercise

to check if you can use

the resultative complement "hao"

The first sentence, the verb being "zuo"

So how can we say it in Chinese?

The second sentence

already

This is to listen, and this one is to be careful

so we should say

The fourth one

or

One more

This one is to report, so we should say

 Excellent. These are what we learned today

They are two specialized resultative complements

Lesson 5-3
Hello, everyone

This time we will continue to learn about resultative complements

Today we are going to learn two more

specialized resultative complements

So the first one, "cheng"

For example

"to draw" is an action

We draw. "To draw" is an action

So what about after this action?

She became like this

So we can say

So other verbs that can be used together with

resultative complement "cheng" are

and so on

When we use this resultative complement

we have to be careful

that the word after "cheng" must be a noun

noun phrase a noun phrase

it has to be a noun

Take another example

They are all nouns

If the result behind

is not a noun

adjective

but an adjective

then we cannot use "cheng"

fine 33 00:02:08,548 --> 00:02:10,808 is not OK

So when we use this resultative complement

we have to keep this in mind

Understood?

Great. Now let's practice

OK. The first sentence. This is hope

How can we express it by resultative complement "cheng"?

or

How about the second one?

become a thief

thief

So this one can be

or

so

he thought he heard
 However

He took it wrong

Actually it was something else

So we can say

describe Good.

How about this one?

A beauty without peer

A top beauty

Do you know about this person?

She is one of the four beauties

in ancient China

Legend says that in ancient China,

there were four very beautiful girls

and Xi shi was one of them

OK. So this sentence can be

What is after the action of "describe"?

You became the number-one beauty

Understood?

Nice. Now let's take a look at

The second specialized resultative complement, "zhu"

What does it mean?

 Let's see this example first

we use our hands to grasp something

If we

grip it tightly

we can say

So resultative complement "zhu"

emphasizes that the action

is very tight, as you can not let the rope go

you cannot let it go

The verbs that can be used together with "zhu"

are not many. Learning

the following ones would be suffcient. For instance

you remember it

and then you cannot forget about it

hence "jizhu". Good

Also there are

What do they mean?

For example

Here is this thing

So now

we put it in front of me

in front of my face

Now you cannot see me, can you?

 hence the sentence

Something like this

For example we have

a red thing

and we put it here

So now we cannot see

the red object

So we say

Great. So

this is the meaning of this resultative complement.

Now let's see

how can we express the following sentences in Chinese

don't move 115 00:07:31,727 --> 00:07:35,075 Get him

and then So this one should be

The second one. This is advise

So it shall be

envelope This thing

is an envelope

papers papers are some files

So this sentence should be

 So we cannot see this envelope

Good. What about next sentence?

tight Great. So

Understood?

This is the resultative complement "zhu"

Now let's see

whether these two sentences are correct

The first one

The second one

We know kangaroos and koala bears are

two kinds animals that are common in Australia

kangaroo

In front of the mother kangaroo there is a baby kangaroo

Koala bear is a very cute sort of animal

Both sentences contain "ji"

We know that we should say "jizhu"

means that I kept

the actions of remembering and reciting

 So after the actions

if these words are really

in our mind and cannot be forgotten

we should say

The second one

Kangaroos and kaola bears

are in my mind, and are not forgotten

Hence

Excellent. So we shall remember

that "ji" and "jizhu" mean different things

Although we have had "ji"

yet

we still need "jizhu"

Understood?
Lesson 5-4
Hello, everyone

This class we will continue to learn resultative complements

Again, we will learn some

specialized resultative complements

One of the specialized resultative complements we will

learn this class

is "zou"

The resultative complement "zou"

emphasizes that after the action

something leaves. For example

After the action of "the little bird flies"

it leaves and is not here anymore

Hence the sentence

So verbs that can be used together with "zou"

usually mean change of direction

some verbs

or we can call them

( ) some verbs

we can also say songzou

paozou tiaozou and so on

jiezou and touzou are also fine

As after these two actions, one thing

can move
 from on place to another

It can leave

For instance, we borrow books from the library

After we borrow the books

The books leave from the library

So these verbs

can also combine with the resultative complement "zou"

Let's do some translation. The first one

get it

We have learnt this resultative complement

The second one, steal

How to say it?

You can say so to your boyfriend

or girlfriend

OK. The third one, bus

So what is the verb

to say along with bus?

So this sentence is

passive voice The next one

All right. So the second specialized resultative complement

we are going to learn today is "diao"

What does this resultative complement

 mean?

It means, for example

The action "wipe"

Like our table is quite dirty

It has much dirt on it

We start to wipe this table

wipe, wipe and wipe, and then there is no dirt left on the table

So we can say "cadiao"

So this resultative complement emphasized

after the action, something disappears

The thing is gone. For example

If we sell these old newspapers

Then these old newspapers are gone

Hence the sentence

Except for maidiao, cadiao

we can also say diudiao, rengdiao

wangdiao and so on

The verbs that can be used together with

resultative complement "diao" are not many, either

Remembering these would be fine

Let's do some translation. Give it a try

This is dump, so

or
 The second one, marry, sell

So

or

All will do

This is forget. So

The resultative complement opposite to wangdiao

is jizhu

Right. The next one. This is wipe

So

Good. This is the second specialized resultative complement

Next we will take a look at the third one, "xia"

We can say tuoxia

If you enter the room

and it is very hot inside

then you can take off your coat

What does tuoxia mean

is that after the action of "tuo"

the coat leaves from your body

Except for tuoxia

we can also say chaixia, fangxia. For instance

So "lay down the thing" means that

After he laid something down

 that thing left his body

So this resultative complement

emphasizes that after the action

from a whole

or from something big

that a small thing leaves

Let's have a try

Good. How about this sentence

The third one. Glasses, right?

So to glasses, we cannot say

We should say

So opposite to taking off your glasses

is putting on

chuan and tuo are opposite

and zhai and dai are opposite. We should notice this

The third one. This is a pear

So it should be

branch
 Understood?

So these are the specialized resultative complements

that we have learnt today

Week 6

Lesson 6-1
Hello every one

This class we will continue to learn

specialized resultative complements

Today we will learn

two more specialized resultative complements

This first one is "zhao"

zhao This resultative complements should be pronounced as "zhao"

For example

What do "zhaozhao" "jiezhao" mean?

Before "zhaozhao", there is definitely an action of searching

The key was gone, so we must look for this key

Here and there, we looked at a lot of places

On the left, on the right searched inside, searched outside

And finally we found the key

We should say "zhaozhaole"

The meaning of "jiezhao"

is that we went to borrow this book

So after the action of borrowing

we got this book

We should say "jiezhaole"

 If we failed to borrow it

Then we say "meijiezhao"

So this resultative complement

mean that

we realize the goal of the action

The goal of looking for is to find something

The goal of borrowing is to get something

So when we realize the goal of the action

we can use this resultative complement

Take another example, sleep, we can say "shuizhao"

sleep "shui" is just an action, "sleep"

while "shuizhao" means that

Fall asleep we actually fall asleep

We can also say

But please pay attention to that

We can also say

We will explain this later on

But for "shui", we can only say "shuizhao"

There are not many verbs

that can be used together with this resultative complement

Let's firstly keep these in mind

Now shall we have a practice

 How about this one

imagine

The fourth one. What about it?

The second specialized resultative complement that

we are going to learn today is "zai"

This resultative complement

is often used in the wrong way

when we learn Chinese

so when we use this resultative complement

we have to be careful

that what is after it, is a place

For example

We have learnt that "zhuozishang"

is a place

the use of "shang" tells us

that the table is a place

this resultative complement

can be used with many verbs

 and this resultative complement

does not have so many verb partners

We can say

and so on

Let's do some exercises

What is this word? Throw

This is to put

This word means hang

This is a wardrobe, so

notice

Let's see whether these two sentences are correct

The second one

He put books on the desk

Is it correct?

They both have problems

We should say

and then there must be a verb

and then add a "zai"

and then add a place

 So this sentence should be

This sentence lacks a verb

then this sentence is wrong

This sentence has an object

a verb, and a place

we have to say

Later when we learn about

the grammar of "ba"

we will practice this grammar again

This one

Before we sleep, we must lie down first

and then we start to sleep

Fall asleep finally we actually fall asleep

so we must say

Understood?

These are the two resultative complements

that we learned today

Lesson 6-2
Hello, everyone

This class we are going to learn the last

specialized resultative complement, "dao"

The resultative complement "dao"

has many meanings

Let's learn them one by one

The first meaning

is the same with the resultative complement "zhao"

which is emphasizing that the goal of the action has been realized

For example

We have learnt that "jiezhao" is also fine

Surely, we can also say "zhaodao"

and dedao, maidao, shoudao

and jiandao

Let's practice this resultative complement

Here we must emphasize

the result of "to look for"

So

This is to study

After studying, we know two things



This one is to imagine

The next one, this is borrow

The second meaning of resultative complement "dao"

is to emphasize an action

ends at some point of time

12 For instance

12 means that when we chat to 12 o'clock

we stopped. We finished chatting

12

There are a lot of verbs that can

be used together with resultative complement "dao"

Almost all verbs

can get along with it

Let's do some practice

How to say it?

In this sentence, we cannot see

the verb "sleep"

context according to the context of this sentence

we know that it is probably "sleep"

 If you don't use this verb

stay you can also say "stay"

The next one. This are "noon", and "put your luggage"

You can say

both will do 56 00:03:37,882 --> 00:03:41,177 The third one,

evening

We can keep this sentence in mind

It is a sentence from Chinese

a pretty good sentence. What does it mean?

As long as we are alive

even when we are very very old

we still go studying

Here old means when we are elders

So this resultative complement "dao"

can be used together with many verbs

How to say the next one?

Here "the sun goes down" means

the time when the sun goes down

The third meaning of "dao"

is to emphasize reaching at a place

 For example, you take these things

to the classroom

It is a very specific action

Also "dao" can be

used with abstract actions

For instance

matters Here we have "matters"

We talk about the matters

We start from the first matter

and then the second one, the third one

then the fourth one

as if we are walking

We talk about the first one

and then the second, third, fourth one

Hence the expression

This "dao" that can express abstract meanings

can be

or

The specific "dao"

are a lot more

we can have

and so on 99 00:06:11,346 --> 00:06:12,583 We

can see that
 these verbs are basically

Movement verb movement verbs

or some verbs

that express motion and change

Let's do some exercises

ship How about it?

400

How to say the next one?

This expression is often used in oral Chinese

You can ask your friend

This one is more complicated

How to say it?

We know this is "fly"

because of what?

The "dao" here

is of the first meaning

The next one. What is this? A topic



get onto

The next

1999

71

This expression is also kind of abstract

71 71 years old is not a specific location

metters Yet here we also have matters

71

GDP The next.

1952 166

2001 7913

Also an abstract location

Let's see the fourth meaning of "dao"

It expresses

an extent that something reaches

For example

Their relation is very good

They got to know each other, became friends,

got to know more about each other, got to like each other

and finally the relationship reached such extent

that they are going to get married

This resultative complement "dao"

can be used together with verbs

 adjectives and adjectives

For example

adjective hungry is an adjective

So how hungry?

So hungry that you feel faint and vision blurred

Let's do some practice

They keep on buying

until they can't hold these things

then they stop

The second one

good enough

How to say this one?

We can keep this expression in mind

How about the next one?

Love them, to what extent?

To this extent
 Now let's see this sentence

Here we have a "have to"

meaning that it is not our will

but that we have no other choice

we can only go there by train

So this sentence can tell us that

instead of that he did not go to buy it

He went there but there were no more tickets

so this sentence

must have the resultative complement "dao"

or the resultative complement "zhao"

This is the last specialized resultative complement "dao"

that we learnt today

It has four meanings

we have to get make clear of them

one by one
Lesson 6-3
Hello everyone

This class we will continue to learn resultative complements

We have kept learning resultative complements for several classes

and this time we will summarize

the resultative complements that we have learnt

There are several kinds

plus an adjective

For example

The second is an adjective

and "sile" "jile" and so on

such as

This kind of resultative complements

is pretty simple in meaning

They mean very, or much

The third kind are some specialized resultative complements

We have learnt jian zhao hao zhu cheng

diao xia zou zai dao

The meanings of these resultative complements

need us to learn one by one

Except for the resultative complements above

We have "wan"

Such as

and so on

For us, this one

 is the easiest specialized resultative complement

Those are the three kinds of resultative complements

Let's do some practice

If we have a verb "eat"

then what kinds of

resultative complements can be after it?

Let's think about it

After the action of "to eat"

what kind of result can we get

If we add an adjective

what can we add

If we use some specialized resultative complements

what can they be?

Please really think about it

For example

20

What else?

After finishing eating, we...

we can also say

we can also say

If we eat a lot everyday

fat a lot of fat things

what kind of result will we get?

 It may be

On the contrary, if the food we eat

is bad for health

that you can not digest it well

Although you eat a lot

but you are getting thinner and thinner

you can also say

There are many options

What other results do you come up with?

Let's take a look at

the other resultative complements

that can be after "eat"

we can also say

We eat the same things everyday

that I don't like them anymore

The result will be

So we can also say

or

The result that we really don't like it

or

You feel so sick that you throw up

It is also a result

We can still say

or
 after cheng there has to be a noun

If a person used to be skinny

later he ate a lot everyday

that he became a fat guy

then we can also say

or

For example, you used to want to eat something

but you didn't have the chance

to get that thing

then you have the opportunity

an finally you can eat it

then we can say

For instance, after we arrived at Beijing

we can have Peking Duck

The resultative complement "dao" has many meanings

8 If we start eating at 8

10 then we finished at 10

10 we can say

Surely, we can also say

Except for these

there are still some possible results

Please think about it carefully

Now we will do some exercises

 Let's see what kinds of resultative complements

can be used in these sentences

to finish them

The first one

Before we go to the movie

what should we do?

Of course

The second one

We know that "in front of the chest" is a location

which resultative complement

can be placed in front of a location?

The third one

This should be what?

The fourth one

what kinds of resultative complements

 that we have learnt that can be after "to listen"

or Both are fine

The fifth one

Those are the resultative complements that we have learnt

Now let's continue

"Dumei" is the name of a girl

The seventh one

We agreed to meet at the restaurant

to have lunch

but when we got their

we couldn't find our friends

so he asked what's the matter?

Is it the wrong place?

This place uses an adjective

as the resultative complement

S it should be

The eighth one



I used to be a shameless person

but now I am a gentleman

The ninth

This we have not learnt yet

you can try it

If someone grabbed the hand of someone else

and now that person wanted this man to let his hand go

Because it was too tight, my hand hurt

This painful is an adjective

used as a resultative complement

this "kai"

when we learn Chinese

we shall pay some attention to it

It's also a kind of resultative complement

Now we will do a judgement practice

 Let's see whether this sentence is correct

This could be said in a hospital

Someone is ill, and it looks like that he is going to die

His friend feels worried

The nurse says

This sentence is not so ideal

We shall use a resultative complement

to emphasize the capacity of the doctor

After the action of "rescue"

that man can live

and that is the result of "rescue"

and we must emphasize it

So here

we'd better use a resultative complement

Understood?

Let's call it a day

Lesson 6-4
Hello everyone

This is the last class

for resultative complements

In the previous lessons

we explained what are resultative complements

and the meanings of them

this class we will see

how to use them

When we use resultative complements

we have to notice that the resultative complement

can never split up with the verb ahead of it

They should be like one word

and are always together

The most common resultative complement sentence

S is Subject + Resultative Complement

+ Object

such as

The second kind

is to use the resultative complement in a "ba" sentence

such as

The third way to use it is to put the object in the front

That's the third way

 we can say

Surely, sometimes

S we can omit the subject

The fourth way, we can

use the resultative complement in a "bei" sentence

Object In a "bei" sentence, the object

is in the front

such as

These are the four most common kinds of

resultative complement sentences

Let's see whether the following sentence

is correct

What's the problem of this sentence?

That the resultative complement "wan"

is split up with the verb

We have just emphasized that resultative complements

can not leave the verb in front of it

So the sentence should be

Let's keep the four patterns of resultative complements

in mind

And then let's do some practice

 Let's see these sentences

If we express them by resultative complements

what should we do?

The first one

I have a dream, and in the dream

we see an old classmate

So the resultative complement should be

We can say

The second one

So this resultative complement

is a specialized resultative complement that we learnt before

which should be zhao or dao

or

Of course we can also say

The third one

We can say

or

you can also say



10 The fourth one

This can be expressed as

The fifth one

so we can say

or

or

We can also say

The sixth one

We can use the resultative complement "rengdiao"

so the sentence should be

or

or

or

All four sentences will do

 The seventh one

This one is easy

The eighth one

The ninth one

That the question becomes clear is the result of explanation

so the resultative complement is "jiangqingchu"

The sentence

should be

or

or

The tenth one

or

The eleventh

This one should be

These are some ways to use resultative complements

Among the four ways

when should we use the first one

when should we use the second one

when should we use the third one

and when should we use the fourth one

This problem will be further explained

 when we study advanced Chinese

There is a problem

Discourse of discourse

Text or text

problem

We can leave it alone at the moment

Finally, we have a homework

If you can ask your friend

to study with you

you and your friend

can use the resultative complements that we have learnt

the grammar

to make a dialogue or a short passage

to practice the resultative complements

we have learnt

I hope that when you talk or write

you can use at least four kinds of resultative complements

If you don't have a friend to study with you

you can also do it on the Internet

with other people who also take this course

to practice together

That's all for today

Lesson 6-5
OK. You almost finished, didn't you?

Still some have not finished

but most of you have finished

Now I have the homework of someone

and I will read it for you to listen to

Understood?

And then Yadang will ask you some questions

and you will answer him. OK?

After I came to China,

my shoes were stolen

I asked my friend to help look for my shoes

Shoes. Understood?

5 It took us five hours to look for them

But we did not find them

5 In the five hours

I also went to several shops to buy new shoes

But every pair of shoes in every shop was sold out

After a month

I cleaned up my apartment

After cleaning it

I went out to throw the garbage away

But as I failed to hold the garbage bag

the bag fell and was broken

In the bag I saw my shoes

 After I found my shoes

I found that the garbage made them dirty

So I put my shoes in the washing machine

That night before I slept

I took off my watch

and placed it carefully on the table

Understood?

Now, Yadang, please ask them some questions

Where did I find my shoes?

In the garbage, that's right

How did I

In the garbage bag

Yes, the garbage bag

He said "lajibao"

You can also say "lajidai"

In the garbage bag I found my shoes

The second question

The garbage made my shoes like what?

Yadang, you can all someone

because you are the monitor

It made your shoes

dirty

dirty

dirty What is dirty?

 Please use a resultative complement

The garbage

The garbage

The garbage made

The garbage made

Yadang's shoes

Your shoes

Like what?

Dirty

Made it become dirty

Become dirty, right? Very good

The third question

what did I do before I slept

Jiani

What did Yadang do before he slept

Look at me. What did Yadang do before he slept?

Before he slept, Yadang

took off his

Took off his watch

and then

placed it on the table

Very well

Before he went to sleep, Yadang took off his watch

 and placed it on the table

The next question

It took my friend and I how long to look for the shoes

5 5 hours

Right

whole sentence Anke, please say a whole sentence

It took your friend and you how long to look for the shoes?

5 It took 5 hours to look for your shoes

5 What did we di in these 5 hours?

You can ask someone else

It is another question, right?

5 Yadang and his friend spent 5 hours

to look for his shoes

5 What else did they do in these 5 hours?

Or you can ask the monitor to help you

Please say it again

Please say it again

5 What else did my friend and I

do in these 5 hours?

I don't know

Please ask him. Please ask him. You can ask Yadang

What did you and your friend do?

5 My friend and I in these 5 hours

went to several shops to buy new shoes

You got it?

 I got it

5 In the 5 hours, they looked for shoes

and went to several shops to buy new shoes, right?

The next question

I've got no question

I've got no question

Yes

Did they buy new shoes in the shops?

No, they did not. Why?

He did not like those shoes

Why he went to several shops

but did not get any shoe?

Baola, do you know?

They were sold out

Excellent. Because the shoes in the shops were sold out

sold out

All sold out

"Guang" is over

all gone, over

All sold out. All sold out. Understood?

I've got another question

Why did Yadang and his friend look for shoes?

His shoes

were lost

His shoes were lost

 How?

thought What did he think?

I thought they were stolen by someone

Yadang thought his shoes were stolen by someone

But

But his shoes were not stollen by someone

Right?

His shoes were in the garbage bag

OK. The last question

The last question

How did Yadang find his shoes?

How could he find his shoes?

Clean up

So

The garbage bag was thrown away

Very nice

Because he cleaned up his room

and he wanted to throw the garbage away

Then his garbage bag... was broken

How did it break?

This is the garbage bag

It slipped down

His garbage bag fell down

Why did his bag fall?

Why did his bag fall?

 Because he

held it

He did not hold it right, did he?

Because he failed to hold the bag in his hand

So it fell off and was broken

He saw his shoes, right?

So in this homework

many results were used, right?

Please give it up for him

Week 7

Lesson 7-1
Hello, everyone

This week we start to learn directional complements

Before we learn directional complements

first let's read an

interesting short story

Ihe story is about a Korean international student

who stakes a train in China

In the story

there are some directional complements

So when we read the story

we should pay attention to

the directional complements in it

They are shown in blue

So before reading the story

I will introduce

some knowledge concerning trains in China

If you have not

taken a train in China

you must know it first

to understand the story

In China, there are two kinds of seats on the train

One kind is only for sitting

and we can lie on the other kind

 which is called "wopu"

Usually there are three layers of sleepers

just like our building has three storeys

The top sleeper is called "shangpu"

The one in the middle is called "zhongpu"

and the one on the bottom is called "xiapu"

OK. Having learnt this

let's read the story

The title of the story is

"What if I roll down?"

Have you ever taken a train

when you travel in China?

Have you taken the sleeper?

If it is the first time for you to take a sleeper

and your sleeper is on the top layer

I don't know what you may think

but I thought that

Goodness! What if I roll down?

This year's National Day

My roommate and I went for a trip to Shanghai by train

and it was the first time for me to take a sleeper

In Korea, there are no sleepers on the train

My sleeper was on the top

When I walked into the carriage, I felt curious

The top sleeper was so high

 that you must climb to it using a ladder

But on the top there was little space

so you can only lie on the bed

What could I do?

Lying all the time?

When I was at a loss

the Chinese person on the bottom sleeper said

"you can sit here"

"and go up when you feel like going to rest"

So I got acquaintances with this family of three

and we had a nice chat

They took the long holidays for National Day

to visit their hometown

Their little girl was very adorable

She wanted to talk to me very much

but she was shy

The time flied

In a blink a few hours passed

and it was time for bed

I climbed to the top sleeper

but when I lay down

I became to feel nervous

that sleeping in this shaky carriage

what should I do if I roll down?

OK. Have you understood the story?

 It is an interesting one, isn't it?

So in the short story

what we see in blue are

so

these are the directional complements we are going to learn today

They can tell us

the direction of action

For example we know that

at the begging, the mover

was outside of the carriage

after he walked, he got into the carriage

"kin" can tell us about the action

which is entering the carriage from the outside

can tell us the

direction of "climb"

which is from bottom to top, isn't it?

can tell us that

the action is from top to bottom

so these complements, we call them

 directional complements

In Chinese, there are two kinds of directional complements

One is quite simple

which are

They can all be used after a verb

as a directional complement

such as

Another kind are

plus lai or qu

so we have

So these directional complements

are quite complicated

We can call them compound directional complements

They can also be used after verbs

to express the direction of the action

So next you may ask

when do we use shanglai

and when do we say shangqu

when for xialai

 and when for xiaqu

We will explain it later

So in the short story

we see such expression as

so dao

can not tell us the direction of the action

is from what kind of place

to what kind of place

It can only tell us

the end of the action

is the top sleeper

In the short story

there are also

We know that "chat" and "nervous"

have no direction

so here "qilai" means "start to"

means start to chat

means start to get nervous

So the "qilai"

is an extensional use of directional complements

Almost every directional complement

has some extensional uses

This is a very complicated

grammatical phenomenon

Our grammar class

 does not have time to introduce

all the extensional uses of directional complements one by one

If you are interested

you can look up a dictionary

which is called

and is compiled by Yuehua, Liu

So the dictionary

explains the extensional uses

of directional complements in detail

and tells us

each extensional use

usually combines with what kind of verbs

So it is a very useful dictionary

You can check for it if you are interested

especially when you reach the advanced level

When you learn advanced Chinese

you need to learn

the extensional uses of directional complements thoroughly

Now being

at the level of intermediate Chinese

we do not have time to learn them one by one

All right

Now let's see

when to use shanglai

 and when to use shangqu

OK

So firstly we should know what do "lai" and "qu" mean

"lie" tells us that the action is towards the speaker

and "qu" tells us that the action is away from the speaker

so when we use

this directional complement

we must firstly know where is the speaker

and then decide to use lai or qu

For example

this is a mountain

and the speaker is on the mountaintop

Here is a person

who wants to climb the mountain

so the action is shang, right

his direction is upward

So we should use shanglai, or shangqu?

Because the action is towards the speaker

so we should use shanglai

So the speaker can say

If the speaker is under the mountain

at the foot of the mountain

and the person who wants to climb is also at the foot of the mountain

so here the action of "climb"

 is away from the speaker, right?

So the speaker should say

Understood?

Good. Xialai is the same

if

For example, here are stairs

The speaker is here

Someone wants to go downstairs

The direction is downward

What should the speaker say?

He should say

because the action is away from him, right?

To add a verb

So if the speaker is downstairs

he is down

and someone wants to go down

this time he should say

Because the action is towards the speaker

All right?

Now lets' take a look at

 jin and chu

If here is a house

and the speaker is out of the house

and here is a snail

a snail

snail

The snail wants to enter the house

Then what should the speaker say?

He can say

because the action

is away from the speaker

If the speaker

is in the house? He is here

and the snail is here

What should he say?

He should say

These are jinqu and jinlai

If someone is in the house

and wants to leave the house

The speaker is here

His action is like this

So what should the speaker say?

He should say
 How to get out?

you can walk out, run out

Both will do

Good. If

someone is in the house

and the speaker is also in the house

And this man wants to leave the house

This time

because the action is away from the speaker

he should say "chuqu", right?

He can walk out, yes?

So the speaker can say

Nice

There are also huilai and huiqu

If the speaker is here

and someone is here

He goes from this place to that place

and goes back to this place

This time because

the action is towards the speaker

What should he say?

Right, he should say "huilai"

such as

If this person is here

 He goes from this place to that place

and goes back to this place

and where is the speaker?

He is here

Then what should he say?

He should say "huiqu", right?

So you can say

How?

Now there are "guolai" and "quoqu"

For example here is a road

The speaker is here

Someone is here

and he wants to cross the road

to come here

So the action is away from the speaker

so he should say "guoqu"

How?

Add an action

If this person is here

and wants to go there

The speaker is here

 This time he should say

Right?

These are "guolai" and "guoqu"

And we have "qilai"

"qilai"

only emphasizes the direction of the action

For example, here is a sun

We can only say

Understood?

These are compound directional complements

When we use them

we have to pay extra attention

to where the speaker is

To which is the direction of the action

For example, you are now here in China

You are the speaker

and now you are in China. You want to say

something happened when you were in America

You can say that two years ago

I decided to come to China to study, right?

Because you are now here in China

so the direction is towards you

we have to say

instead of

So this is what we should pay attention to

 when we use "lai" and "qu"

Now let's have a try

In these sentences

how can we use the directional complement

OK. The first one

Where is the speaker?

The speaker is here, right?

We are here

Where are you?

You are here

So

Great

The second one

For this one, please remember that

we don't have any other choice

We can only say

The third one

The action is upward

OK. The fourth one



Right. Home

This is our home

We all go out from home, right?

We got out

and we got somewhere, Beijing

Then what?

Then we took some pictures in Beijing

and we wanted to send these pictures home

Where is the speaker?

The speaker is here, right?

Because he is not at home now

So at this time

what should we use?

Right. This is one case

There is another possibility

For example, this is our home

The speaker is now at home

and he wants to go travelling tomorrow

Today he told his sister that

when I get there

I am going to take a lot of pictures

After taking the pictures

 I will send them back home, right?

So what should we say this time?

We should say isn't it?

Because the speaker is now at home

So the fourth one

both are fine

Nice. The next one

Where are father and mother?

They are at home, right?

And you must be out there

So his father and mother miss him

You get out of home

and arrive at this place

and then his sister may tell him

that father and mother miss you

so you should go home

Where is his sister?

The sister is the speaker

She may be at home

So what should we put to this place?

 Great. The second one

This may describe

that you met some bad guy on the road

who wanted to rob you for your money

Where is your money?

The money may be in your purse

So now the money must be taken out from the purse

Right?

Why?

Because the speaker is out of the purse

So the money must be out

towards the speaker

Good. The third one

Out there tells that the speaker may be

inside of a room

If the speaker is in the room

and he tells someone that

It's too cold out there, come in!

Right?

Of course there is another possibility

that the speaker is also out there

The one feels cold is also outdoors

 then the speaker can say

So this sentence

can be both

The fourth one

So the speaker is here

and someone is here

Someone walks towards the speaker

So this action

we don't emphasize whether it is upward or downward

nor enter some place

nor out of a place

This time we can use "guo"

Right?

The action is towards the speaker

so we must say

The fifth one

So it's about riving, yes?

The speaker may be here

and now they are going to drive

The driver

must be together with the speaker

 So their home is here

and they are about to drive...

right?

Great. This is one answer

What about another possibility?

That the speaker is here

So is the driver

The speaker may want to emphasize

that the driver firstly comes out from home

and now he is going home

So this time surely you can say

Understood?

This grammar is pretty interesting, isn't it?

So when you

use directional complements

you can draw a picture like I do

to see where is the speaker

and what is the relationship between the direction of the action

and the speaker

so that we can

use directional complements correctly

Let's call it a day

Lesson 7-2
Hello everyone

This class we will continue to learn directional complements

Let's study the uses of directional complements

The uses of directional complements

are such

Today we are going to learn two of them

The two uses

Let's start from the first one

which is simple

After a verb

you can add a directional complement

This directional complement is usually a complicated one

a compound directional complement with two characters

For example

or

and so on

This is a quite simple

use of directional complements, isn't it?

Now let's have some practice

do some translation

to help us further comprehend

the meaning and usage of directional complements

The first one

how to say it?

up

The second one

move out

This directional complement

back has a "back"

so how to say it?

The third one

off

This one should be

 The fourth one should be

Good. Now let's see

the second way to use directional complements

This usage has a place in it

If there is a place

we have to be careful that

it be placed before "lai" and "qu"

For example

The mountain is the last place he arrives at

when he climbs

Sometimes we have to emphasize

The last place he arrives at

then we should utilize this way of expression

The second example

is where he starts to walk

Nice. The third one

The house

is the last place the snail arrives when it creeps

OK. The fourth one



The building is where the action of "run" begins

The fifth one

we know that it must

leave and then return

There must be such a process

So the north is where the action starts

and where it comes back

The last one

So the bridge is where the car passes through

The bridge is here

and the car drives through the bridge

Fine. So we must pay attention to that

in this usage of directional complements

what does the place mean

and the second matter we should be careful about

is that in this usage

we can omit lai and qu

we can also say

They are all fine

So when to use lai and qu

context depends on that in the context

do we need to specially emphasize

the direction of the action is towards the speaker

or is away from the speaker

If we don't need to specially emphasize

the direction

then we can omit lai and qu

Let's so some exercises

to help us comprehend this usage

OK. The first sentence

How to say it?

With the first usage we have learnt,

we can say

If use the second usage

we have just learnt

we can say

Good. The second one,

how can we express it?

The third one



In this sentence we do not have to

emphasize the direction of the action

whether it is towards the speaker or is away from the speaker

So it has no "lai" or "qu"

The fourth one

The qu can be omitted

Fine. The fifth one

The sixth one

The "guo"of "guolai" "guoqu", right?

OK. So this usage

is what we should pay extra attention to

when we learn directional complements

Because many would say

 in which the hui and qu are not separated

which is not correct

We have to say

Also some would say

which is also wrong

because the place of "home"

must be between hui and qu

So we should say

Understood?

Excellent. This class

we study these two uses first

Next time we will learn two more

All right.
Lesson 7-3
Hello, everyone

This class we will continue to learn

the uses of directional complements

This is the last class for

directional complements

So the third way to use directional complements

is to put a directional complement in a "ba" sentence

When we use a directional complement in a "ba" sentence

object usually there is an object

then the sentence will be like this:

such as

The last one

So you can see that

in these examples

the directional complements are also composed of two characters

compound directional complements, aren't they?

So this is something for us to notice

when using directional complements in this way

Let's do some practice



The third one

The fourth one, easy, right?

The fifth one

The sixth one, which is also simple

Here we use a "ba"

and a directional complement

to express these sentences

The fourth way to use directional complements

is also the most complicated one

In a sentence

object there are place and object

object So when we put a place and an object

in one sentence

This is what it should be like

such as

In these sentences

the "lai" and "qu" behind

can be omitted

discuss It depends on

whether we want to emphasize the direction of the action

is towards the speaker

or is away from him

Understood?

Fine. Now let's do some translations

Let's see

how to express this sentence

object The object is your bag

here and the place is here

How to say it?

Nice. The second one

it For this it, we know

that it is a car, right?

object It is the object

and we also have a place

home which is home

so how to say it?

 or

Great. So let's summarize

the four uses of directional complements

Please thoroughly think about

these uses

and then with your friend

or with your classmates online

you can use these four uses of directional complements

to make a dialogue

Next

we will do one more translation practice

Let's see

this passage

and how can we use Chinese

to express it

Here we shall use some directional complements

OK. The first sentence

or

Right?

 So here

we have four directional complements

This is the grammar

for directional complements

We finish learning directional complements here

I hope that later when you

learn Chinese

you can pay special attention to how to use directional complements

and their meanings

Let's call it a day

Lesson 7-4
Hello, everyone

This class we will learn the third complement

the potential complement

We have learnt this complement

which is a result

We have also learnt this one

which is a direction

So in the middle of the resultative complement

and the directional complement

if you add a "de" or "bu"

They will become the potential complement

we are going t learn today

So what does a potential complement mean?

Let's see some examples

What does it mean?

What about this one?

 means that he can see them

These examples

means that I cannot climb up to the mountaintop

means that she can

So potential complements mean

can or cannot

So when we ask somebody a question

we can say

or

We have also learnt this way

to ask questions, right?

For example,

you can ask

or

Putting shi and bushi

can also make a question

So potential complements

positive form

negation form
 can be put together to ask a question

This is the meaning of the potential complement

Understood?

We should also remember

what does a potential complement look like

Now let's practice

For example

So we can use a potential complement

Let's see another one

"see" is an action

"clear" is the result of the action

So this is a resultative complement

To express it by potential complement

what should we say

Adding a "bu" in the middle of a resultative complement

can express that you cannot see it clearly

The second one

wash, the action

clean, the result of the action

 So to say this one by potential complement

The third one

listen, and the result is that one does not understand

so using the potential complement

one can express that we cannot understand

So we can say

The fourth one

eat and a resultative complement "wan"

We should say

All these are to add a "bu"

in the middle of a resultative complement

or to add a "de"

to turn into a potential complement

Next let's see this one

Walk, the action

up, the directional complement

So in the middle of the directional complement

we add a "bu"

 it turns into a potential complement

The sixth one

find, the action; back, the directional complement

Adding a "de" in the middle

positive form as it is a positive form

hence

The seventh one

So the fifth and the sixth one

are directional complements turning into potential complements

And the seventh one

is an adjective with "si"

This special resultative complement

with a "de"

turns into a potential complement

The eighth one

So it should be

Right. This is the potential complement

and its meaning

Let's do some translations

 This is to learn, right

so it should be

The second one

can you hear me

so

or

The third one, how to say it?

What about the fourth one?

or

Good. Next one

Next

How to say it?

get to it

can get to it

So much for today's lesson

Lesson 7-5

Hello, everyone

This class we will learn several

specialized potential complements

The first one

This one you may have

learnt before in your study

But you probably learnt it

as a word

Actually

this contains a potential complement

meaning that you cannot wonder

For example

Now I know the reason that

he didn't come to class yesterday

is that he was ill

so you do not feel strange about it

you cannot wonder

The second one

For example

What does it mean?

Because you like your hometown very very much

so if you leave your hometown

 you feel unhappy

unwilling

When you want to express such feelings

you can say

Take another example, when you were a little kid

you had a toy that you loved

you liked it so much

that you wouldn't let other kids play with it

then you can say

For another instance

if you are going to study abroad somewhere

very far away

and because you like your friends so much

that you are not willing to leave them

then you can say

This is a potential complement

Understood?

The third one

For example

It means that

there is enough time

 This is what it means

This line

is written by a writer Qiuyu, Yu

who is quite famous in China

So this sentence

is pretty beautiful

What does it mean?

It means that I did not have time to

take part in your past

but in your future

I will be with you

So here "lai bu ji" means that

the time is not enough

The fourth one is "verb+ bu de"

Such as

We know that tiger

is a fierce animal

so do you dare to touch its tail?

You dare not

Why?

Because it is too dangerous, isn't it?

So here "mo bu de" means

that it is too dangerous, you can not touch it

 The potential complement "bu de"

emphasizes that

something is quite dangerous

so you cannot do it

The fifth one, verb+qi/ bu qi

For example

LV

Because it is too expensive

I don't have enough money

so I cannot afford it

If it is not so expensive

then I have enough money, and I can afford it

So the potential complement "verb+ qi/ bu qi"

emphasizes that

you have or do not have money, so you can or cannot do something

The next specialized potential complement

is "verb+ bu liao/ de liao"

We must pay attention to this potential complement

that it has two meanings

Let's see the examples first

It means that I cannot eat

It means that I cannot eat it all



so the potential complement "verb +bu liao"

may have two meanings

one is that someone cannot do something

and the other

is that someone cannot finish doing something

The how do we know

which meaning it is expressing?

There are two ways to help us to make a judgement

The first one

context is to see the context

For example the context is that the food is too hot

and this context is that there is too much food

so we may know that

This one is because it is too hot

so I cannot eat

and this one is that it is too much

so I cannot finish eating

This is the first method

The second one

Let's see how

the speaker expresses it

If it means that

someone cannot do something

the speaker will emphasize the verb

 if it means that

someone cannot finish doing something

the speaker will emphasize

"liao"

So how can we say

these two sentences?

Listen carefully. We should say like this

Understood?

Good. So "verb+ de liao"

also has two meanings

one is that someone can do something

the other is that someone can finish doing something

Such as

It means that I can eat, right?

For another example

Understood?

Good. These are the two meanings

of the potential complement

Now let's see

 whether this sentence is correct

We said that

"mai bu liao" has two meanings

The first one is that we cannot buy the book

and the second one is that we cannot finish buying the book

So in this sentence

can we use "mai bu liao"?

We can't

Because it says that the book is sold out

so we do not emphasize that we cannot afford it

nor we cannot finish buying it

We should emphasize that there is no book for us to buy

so we cannot say "mai bu liao"

We should say "mai bu dao"

Next let's see

how can we use the specialized

potential complement that we have just learnt

to express these sentences

What should we say

The first one

We should say

The second one



How to say?

The third one

The fourth one

The fifth one

If we watch it

our eyes may have trouble

It's dangerous

So

These are the specialized potential complements

we have just learnt

Let's do some more translation

How to say this sentence in Chinese?

Something you like

that you treasure

So

or


afford This one?

This one

mental work

mental work When we do mental work

we have to use our brains

but he is sick

so he cannot use it

If he uses his brain

there may be some problem for his brain

so

The next one

How can we say these two sentences

in Chinese?

Please keep in mind

that Chinese has

a very interesting expression

a hot tofu is really hot

so we cannot eat it

Tofu you know, is a Chinese dish

which is delicious
 but if it is very hot

we cannot eat it

So if you are too anxious

you cannot eat a hot tofu

you have to wait untill it cools down

So this expression

means like this in English

You can remember this expression

So now

we have learnt resultative complements

directional complements and potential complements

We have learnt three kinds of complements

Next we will

do a comprehensive exercise

Let's see in these three sentences

how can we use these three kinds of complements

You have to pay attention to the meanings of the sentences

Let's see them together

Xiao Wang called at his home

so the call came to my house

Here we should use a directional complement



He was too hot to sleep

He lay on bed

but he couldn't fall asleep

After I looked I found that

he and Xiao Wang were waiting for me

Here we should use a resultative complement

both are fine

The third one

means that

call for many times

call for once, and call again, and again

Du Mei is a name of a person

call the name of the person

So here I could not get an answer

 could not get an answer

The third one

It means that she had some things

that needed my help

This is the main part of this sentence

What were these things?

such as

to pick up someone at the stations is called "jie zhan"

or to pick something up where the traffic is not very convenient

Such things

she would call for my help

So what is the feature of

such things?

The feature is that she needs a man's accompany

She need a guy to do it with her

or she could not do it by herself

how can we say?

So in this practice

we can see that

sometimes we should use resultative complements

sometimes we should use directional complements

 and sometimes we should use potential complements

It's complicated, isn't it?

Great. We have learnt these three kinds of complements

Maybe you still cannot use them well

which is fine

After you acquire the knowledge about these complements

I hope that when you learn Chinese

or read in Chinese

you can pay special attention to these complements

notice notice Only with notice

can we learn

Later when you learn Chinese

you should pay extra attention

to the complements you have seen and learnt

You must notice

Good. So much for today.

Lesson 7-6
So we have finished the directional complements

This class we will

practice how to use directional complements

These six sentences

Please make a short conversation every two persons

OK?

Make a short conversation

A short story

plot I will give you a plot of the story

and then you make a short conversation, OK?

Two people have dinner together in the restaurant

You order. The waiter serves you

When you eat

one of you do not know how to eat a dish

So the other one tells him/her how to eat

Then when you eat

someone comes,

from outside of the restaurant

Understood?

story Please think of a story. Let's get started

Because you have not used the directional complements

enough

so today we'll do more exercise

I wrote a dialogue
 I wrote a dialogue

in English

The English is bad, right

If I've got something wrong in English

please tell me

But you can get the general idea

of what I want you to say

OK?

Then now, three people together

Each three of you do this exercise

Referring to

the six sentences of directional complements that I gave you

to see how can we do this exercise

After you finish

I will ask three of you to come here to perform

OK?

Let's get it started. Each three of you.

OK. Time is up

Some groups have not finished yet

You are doing it carefully, aren't you?

Let's ask ones that have finished

to give us a performance, shall we?

Very good

Excellent

We now have three groups finished

 We will ask these three groups to perform

Who wants to come first

Come on, Yadang, Xiaotianchuan

and who have come to listen to the lesson

Let's welcome them

Hello, welcome to Donflaishun. This way, please

Thank you

What do I eat today?

How about hotpot?

Mary told me that hotpot is delicious

Fine. Hotpot

is also one of my favourites

Hi, we want a hotpot

OK, please wait a minute

What

Why the waiter hasn't give us the hotpot

30 Yes. It has been 30 minutes

Let's call the waiter

and ask him to be quicker

Excuse me, would you come?

Yes?

I think you should give us the dish soon

Sorry, sorry, I forgot

I will give your food soon

It looks delicious
 But you can tell me how to eat it?

Yes. Firstly, lift your meat

and then put it in the soup

When it is done

you take it out from the soup

to dip in the sauce

and finally put it into your mouth

and eat

Thank you, it's really good

I think today I am going to be very very full

Look, there comes a man

He is very handsome

The people around are looking at him

Where is he?

He is over there. Come and take a look

Did you see him? Did you see him?

He is Jakie Chen, a famous actor in China

He is the owner of the restaurant

Is that true?

This is the biggest surpise you give me today

Can I go to him

to take a picture with him

Yeah, go

Remember to speak Chinese

How is it?
Week 8

Lesson 8-1
Hello everyone

This week

we will start learning the state complement

which is our last complement

Then what is a state complement?

Let's see some examples first

These four sentences

Let's read them together

The second one

The third one

The fourth one

In these four sentences

we have characters in red

They are all resultative complements

that we have learnt, right?

They all consist of a verb

 followed by an adjective

tells us that

because the teacher explained

so the result is that

the question becomes clear

tells us that

because someone wrote something so there is a result

that the character is pretty

The third one, because of having washed

so the result is that something is clean

The fourth one, because of eating

so there is a result of getting fat

So resultative complements emphasize that

because of an action

there is a result

so resultative complements

are usually used

when there is a change

If between the verb and the adjective

we add a "de"

such as

is a verb

is an adjective
 with a "de"

Here we have a complement

which is a state complement

So what is the difference between

a state complement and a resultative complement?

Let's read these four sentences

carefully

to see what does the state complement mean

The second one

His handwriting is beautiful

The third one

The fourth one

140

means you are too fat

So the state complement

emphasizes

the state of something

such as the fourth one

tells us that the state of someone

is too fat
 Then

What is the difference between them?

For example

tells us because of eating

the state now is too fat

so the state complement

tells us more, right?

So this is the state complement

a verb and a "de"

and a complement

Now let's study

the first kind of state complement

this state complement

is verb+ de+

+ adjective

or an adjective phrase

For example

So verbs

and the components following them

 all form state complements

They tell us

the state of an action

or the evaluation of the state of the action

such as

is how the speaker

evaluates the state of his dance

right?

So sometimes it describes

the action to be fast or clear

and sometimes it evaluates the action to be good

or not so good

or as good as a Chinese, and so on

So this is the first meaning of the state complement

We can also see that

here

tell us how is the teacher, right

while

tells us how is his handwriting

tells us something about what he said

The Chinese he speaks is the same as a Chinese person speaks

so the state complement

focus on Subject
 focus on Object or

These two sentences all tell us

Subject how is the action of the subject

Object and these tell us about the object

Because of the action

Object what does the state of the object become

Understood? Good

We can also have

state complements like

The teacher is tired. Why?

Because of teaching

so tired here

emphasize the result of the action

but

the result of the action

what it emphasizes

is the state after the action

and that is what we want to describe

They are different, right?

emphasizes the change

from not tired to tired

It is the change of the result

Understood?

The first kind of state complement

 is a verb and an adjective

It can have two meanings

Now let's practice

Let's translate this sentence

How can we say it

in Chinese?

Using the state complement we have just learnt

we should say

you can also say

The second one

clearly saw Here, clearly saw, right?

This place

we can use a state complement

So

The third one

eat too much here 167 00:09:08,824 --> 00:09:10,217 we

can use a state complement

die early here

we can use a state complement

How to say it?

The fourth one

think so much here

 we can use a state complement

The fifth one

growing frustrated here

we can use a state complement

The sixth one

The English sentence is simple

then how can we say in Chinese?

We should say

Let's see the next exercise

In this picture

there is a girl

who is smiling, right?

Let's describe

the state that she smiles

What should we say?

or

If we do not focus on

the smile of the girl

 but the whole state of her

Her state now

is beautiful, right?

She grew from a little child

to an adult

So to use a state complement

we can use a verb "grow"

to say

So these are the state complements

that we have learnt today

Understood?

So much for today

Lesson 8-2
Hello everyone

This class

let's continue to learn state complements

We will study

the second form of state complements

which is "verb+ de"

followed by a rather complicated sentence

or complicated

VP verbal phrase, a VP

Let's see some examples

The first one

The second one

The third one

The fourth one

Now let's see that in each of these four sentences

we all have a verb

and after the verb

there is a rather complicated phrase

or a sentence, right?

These four are state complements

What do they mean?

The result after the action, right?

Because someone talks a lot

so one's throat hurts

Someone talks a lot

and the result is that he or she does not want to talk anymore

Also it can express the extent

to which the action reaches

such as

The extent to which he plays computer

is that he didn't go out for a week

And the extent to which someone reads books

is that he or she forgets to eat

So this kind of state complement

is a verb followed by a rather complicated

verbal phrase

or a short sentence

A state complement like this

is used to

express the result or the extent of the action

This state complement can be complicated

so what we can express by it

 can also be rich

Let's have a try

miss to see

the extent to which you miss someone

so much i'll die

so you can say

The second one

This girl misses her home

Next let's do

another exercise

Let's use state complements

to paraphrase these sentences

such as

we can say

Now the state of the room is clean

Why?

Because of the action of cleaning

Next one

The result of crying is that one's eyes are swollen

So we can say
 right?

The second one

The teacher gave too many lessons

and the result is that he or she has a husky voice

So we can say

The third one

Running too much

makes the leg hurts

We can say

The fourth one

The extent to which he surfs the Internet

is that he has no time to study

so we can say

In each of the second, third and fourth

sentences

we have a verb

Object and after the verb

there is an object

also we have a state complement

In such situation

repeat we have to repeat the verb

 so it must be

For another example

Understood?

This is what we

have to keep in mind

Last class

we learnt a state complement

which consists of a verb

and an adjective

This class we have learnt

a state complement made of a verb

and a verbal phrase

or a short sentence

Now let's do some translation practice

by these two kinds of state complements

The first one

so

or

The second one

We can say

The third one



made Here we have "made"

We can guess that

content in this content

it may mean that he explained it clear

The fourth one

repeat We have to repeat the "sing"

well compound because it is a well compound

The fifth one

Next, we will do another exercise

Let's consider

how to use these two kinds of state complements

to finish the sentence

Such as the first one

If we take an adjective as the state complement

we can describe the state of

the action

or evaluate the action

so you can say

Right?

is also correct, yes?

If you feel that the way he eats

looks ugly
 you can also say

If we take a verbal phrase

as the state complement

we can express the result of the action

You can say

right?

It's hot in the summer

you can also say

which is also fine

We have many choices

vp If we use a verbal phrase state complement

you can say

Correct? Yes

Also you can say

The third one

To give an evaluation

Right?

You can also say



It is also correct, isn't it?

All are correct, right?

These are all results of an action

or extents to which the action reaches

The fourth one

You can say

She lost much weight in a week

Is also correct

will do, too, yes?

So what elso state complements

can you think of

that may suit here?

Understood?

Let's call it a day

Lesson 8.3
Hello everyone

This class we will learn

the third form of state complement

which is

an adjective + de+ a state complement

There are two kinds

Let's see the first kind

They are all adejctives

with hen lihai yaoming

So this kind of state complement

means

very, much

means very good

means hurt a lot

means very beautiful

So these state complements are quite simple

and you may well have learnt them

So the second kind

 is an adjective

with a short sentence

VP or a VP

a verbal phrase

such as

means the weather is very hot

and the result is that I don't feel like eating

or the weather is very hot

so hot that I don't feel like eating

It reaches such extent

means that I am so

so hungry

that the result is that I feel dizzy

So this kind of state complement

is from the respective

to show that the it is a high degree

so we have to notice that

in such state complement

there cannot be "hen" before the adjective

We cannot say

If we want to use this state complement

we can only say

Why?
 Because "I don't feel like talking" already tells us

the degree of tiredness is high

so we can omit the "hen" in the front

Understood?

Now let's practice

How can we use state complements

to express these three sentences?

The first one

The result is that he can do nothing

It hurts badly

The head hurts badly, yes?

So we can say

The second one

And the result is that

we can say

Notice that we must delete the "hen"

The third one

The result of being hungry is dizziness

so

Be sure to delete "feichang"

 Good

Next we will do some translation

right?

So we can say

The second one

right?

so

The third one

How expensive?

so we can say

much cheaper The fourth one

quicker

So

The fifth one

The sixth one

terribly How cold?

We can say

will all do, right?

Now we will do one more practice

 We can use the state complement that is an adjective

followed by hen lihai yaoming

or the state complement that is an adjective followed by de

and a short sentence

VP or a VP

Both kinds of state complements can be used

Let's have a try

The first one

The first one you can say

They are all correct

VP So if we use a verbal phrase

or a short sentence

How can we say it?

They are all fine, aren't they?

The second one

are all correct

You can also say

Right?
 Still you can say

right?

So

is also correct

The third one

Also you can say

or

They are all correct

The fourth one

All are correct

You can also say

or

And many others, right?

Let's think about it carefully

how to complete these sentences

In the end, let's sum up

We have learnt four kinds of state complements

The first kind is a verb

 in the front

and behind the verb

there is an adjective state complement

The second kind is a verb

with a verbal state complement

The third is an adjective

with a verbal state complement

The fourth one is also the simplest one

which is an adjective

with hen or lihai or yaoming

So do keep in mind

what do these four kinds of state complements look like

also do remember what do these four

state complements mean

If it is

a verb with an adjective

then it tells us

the state of an action

or the evaluation of the action

or the result of the action

If it is a verb

with a verbal state complement

then it must be about

the result or the extent of the action

An adjective
 VP with a VP state complement

also explains the result

but is to start from the respective of the result

to explain that the degree is high

So these are the four state complements

in Chinese

Understood?

Let's call it a day

Lesson 8-4
Hello, everyone

This class we will continue to learn state complements

This will be the last class for state complements

So this time

we will see

state complements and potential complements

are different in which ways

and

when we learn state complements

what kinds of problems

we should notice

First let's see

state complements and potential complements

are different in which ways

We know that

a potential statement is

Verb+ de+ Complement 18 00:00:33,378 --> 00:00:35,951

or Verb + bu + Complement, right?

such as

And the state complement we have learnt

can also be Verb + de + Complement

such as

Sometimes we may find that

potential complements and state complements

 look the same

For example

So here

This is a potential complement

A This sentence

tells us

a state that he sings well

so here it is a state complement

Here it is a potential complement

content so we need to see the content

then to decide

what does it mean

Besides

negative form the potential statement's

negative form is

Verb + bu + Complement

such as

But if it is a state complement

when we want to use the negative form

we must say

 So the state complement's

positive form positive form

negative form and negative form

are both Verb + de + Complement

This is quite different from the potential complement

Also in a state complement

we can add a "hen"

in front of the adjective

so

we can also say

and so on

But the potential complement

can only have a simple adjective

Understood?

So

although potential complements and state complements

sometimes look alike

content but from the content

we can probably know

what does the complement mean

Understood?

Now let's practice

In this exercise

there are state complements and potential complements

 Let's see what to say

so clearly How she speaks?

Isn't it about the state of "speak"?

So we should say

And then

we could hear every word

It expresses a possibility

so

The second one

teach well also tells us that

the state of "teach" is well

learn well As for the students, "learn well" is a possibility

So

Here you can also say

The former is a state and the latter is a possibility

Understood?

The third one

So from the English sentence

we cannot see what is the word expressing the state

but if we say in Chinese

 it will be

quite catch

It is a state complement

Next

can't

Let's see the difference between these two

didn't quite catch This one is

can't catch and this one is

So this one is a state complement

and this one is a potential complement

Next let's see

when learning state complements

what kinds of problems

we need to pay special attention to

Let's see these sentences

They are all incorrect

The state complements

tell us the state of the action

or the evaluation of the action

so they cannot be used together with "wan"

We can say

 The next one

The verb repeats, which is also incorrect

We can only say

The third one

It is also wrong to put "speak" and "sing" together

We must say

Splitting them will be fine

The sixth one

Again there are two verbs together

one is shout and the other is yell

So after them

there cannot be a state complement

We can say

The next one

We have said that

If there is an adjective, "happy"

with a state complement

then we must omit the "hen" in front of it

So
 The next one

Here we must pay attention to

that if we already have a state complement

then we cannot add "le"

We can only say

Because the state complement emphasizes

the state of the action

or the evaluation of the action

Here it emphasizes the state

so it cannot use "le"

as "le"

emphasizes the completion of an action

Emphasis of the state of the action

and emphasis of the completion of the action

are contradictory

progressive zai is a progressive

aspect aspect

So here we cannot use it

Only will be fine

So when we use state complements

there are two problems we should pay attention to

The first one is that the verb

must be alone
 There can not be two verbs together

Also after the verb

there cannot be a resultative complement

And the verb cannot reduplicate

There can only be one verb

The second problem we should notice

is that when using state complements

in the state complement

there must be no "le" or "zai"

Understood?

Good

Now let's do another exercise

Let's see whether these sentences are correct

The first one

Correct or not?

NP is a NP

Nominal Phrase a nominal phrase

We say that after "de"

it should be an adjective

or verbal word/phrase

NP so if it is a NP

Nominal Phrase a nominal phrase

 then we cannot use "de", right?

So we should say

yes?

The second one

long time

Nominal Phrase is also a nominal phrase

so here we cannot use "de", either

We can say

This is the grammar of "Verb + Time-quantity"

that we have learnt before

Still remember that?

So

when we learn state complements

we have to make sure

not to forget

other grammar points we have learnt

It has to be clear that in a state complement, after "de"

there must be an adjective

or verbal word/phrase

If it is nominal

then we cannot use "de"

 The third one

get up

It is an action

It is an adjective phrase

So here

we should add a "de"

The fourth one

So "learn" is an action

"pretty bad" is an adjective phrase

so here we cannot use "le"

we should use "de"

So here we write it out

V NP V + le + NP

V + de + A

So we must remember

how a state complement looks like

and what does it mean

 Understood?

Let's call it a day

Week 9

Lesson 9-1
Hello every one

This week

we will start learning the "ba" sentence

which

is a quite troublesome grammar

when you learn Chinese

You may have learn it before

When we learn it

Have you ever asked or thought about

this question:

SVO The basic grammatical structure for Chinese is SVO

such as I ate his apple

then why is there a "ba" sentence?

SOV In this sentence there is the SOV structure

So do these two sentences

mean the same things?

What is the difference between them?

SVO When should we use the SVO

sentence

and when should we use the "ba" sentence?

Have you thought about this?

Let's see two examples

 Let's see

which one of them is better

The first one

SVO This is a SVO sentence

The second one

Which is better?

The second one is better

discuss Which means that is such a discussion

content in this content

it's better to use a "ba" sentence

Why?

Here we need to introduce a little bit about

the concept of information structure

When we use the language

when we talk

Why do we talk?

Have you ever thought about this?

What do we talk for?

We talk so as to exchange information

I give you some information

and you give me some

We exchange our information

We chat to know more

 So if in

what we talk

all information is new

we may not understand

If all information

is old

then the communication becomes meaningless

For example

Today Prof.Xu tells you that

Lao Wang is gone

You may feel odd

What is your first reaction?

Is it to ask Prof. Xu

Who is Lao Wang?

Because to you, Lao Wang

is new information

that you did not know before

"is gone"

is also new information

So in this sentence

All information is new

and you do not understand

So you have to ask

But if Prof. Xu tells you that

Today Prof. Xu is happy

 What would be your first reaction?

Your first reaction may be to ask

Really? Why are you happy, Prof. Xu?

Because in this sentence

to you, Prof. Xu is

old information

We have learnt grammar for such a long time

that you already know Prof. Xu

You know Prof. Xu

so to you Prof. Xu

is old information

and "today" "is happy"

is new information

So in this sentence

we have old information and new information

and then we can further communicate

This is the information structure of a sentence

In Chinese

The information structure of a sentence

is that the old information is in the front

and the new information is in the back

Many languages are the same

After we apprehend this

grammatical knowledge

let's see these two examples again



The former part already tells us that

there is a book

content so in this content

the book becomes old information

and in the latter part

if the book is in the latter part

then the old information is in the back

which goes

contradictory with

the information structure of Chinese

So we must figure it out

how to put the old information in the front

and latter part

should be used for new information

So in Chinese

we have a "ba"

we need to say

Understood?

This is why in Chinese

SVO we have a SVO sentence

S OV and a S ba O V sentence

Understood?

So when using the "ba" sentence

 we must keep in mind

object that the object following "ba"

must be from the preceding content

Only the thing introduced by the former part

can be old information

to the latter part

Let's see some other examples

such as

In this sentence

Xiao Wang ate the apple of David

To David

"ate your apple"

is new information

SVO so it is better to use SVO structure

And the next sentence

content In this content

"my apple" has appeared in the front

and David wants to know what happened to it

so "my apple" to David

 and Mali

is old information

This time

it's better to use a "ba" sentence

hence

Understood?

Of course, to this sentence

we can also say

Why?

Because of course David knows that he has an apple

so to David, "your apple"

could be old information

So here

is also fine

SVO and this one can not use SVO structure

only the "ba" sentence is acceptable

Because the former part explicitly tells us

the content is that David wants to know

what happened to the apple

and we just said that

when using the "ba" sentence

preceding the sentence

object the object of "ba" must show up

 object The object shows up first

and then it becomes old information

and then we can use "ba"

Yet in real life

when we are having a conversation

sometimes it may not be so strict

For example, you are with your friend

and your friend is holding a plate

Let's assume it's a plate

and then you put the plate on the table

so this plate is in real life

in the real world

You can see it

so can your friend

We all can see the plate

So to us, this plate

is old information

So although in what we said

the plate did not show up first

but it is also OK

Understood?

So the "ba" sentence

is like this

S O VP S ba O VP

VP Verb Phrase Vp is verbal phrase

 This is what we need to specially

emphasize

In the "ba" sentence

the verb cannot be a single verb

After the verb

or before the verb

there has to be something else

Let's do some exercises

The first one

S Here "younger brother" is S

O "cup" is O

VP "break to pieces" is VP

So we should say

The second one

S O

VP

Hence

The third one

S O

VP

Hence

The fourth one

 This sentence is a little bit complicated and difficult

Let's think about

the resultative complement "zai" we have learnt before

S O

VP

Hence

The fifth one

S O What is the O?

VP

Hence

The sixth one

S O VP

The seventh one

S O VP

So we should say

So we can see that

in these "ba" sentences

after the verb

there are something else

such as

They are all resultative complements we have learnt

 We can also say

and these are the directional complements we have learnt

Still we can say

and so on

So the verb in the "ba" sentence

must be a complicated phrase

We must not say

which are all incorrect

VP So the VPs in the "ba" sentence

are usually like what?

In the following lessons

we will introduce them one by one

and practice them one by one

Today let's first get to

remember this

Sometimes

in a "ba" sentence

adverbial there is some adverbials

which can be

and so on
 We have things like these

in the sentence

At this time we should notice that

we have to put these in front of "ba"

must be in front of "ba"

such as

and so on

So the sixth one

we can also say

This is a special case

Now we are at the level of

Intermediate Chinese

so let's do not use it in this way

Let's remember to put "luanqibazao"

in front of "ba"

which is safer

So we keep in mind that

 if there are some adverbials in "ba" sentences

some adverbials

adverbial

then they should be in front of "ba"

Understood?

About the grammar of adverbials

later we will further learn

to help us understand what is an adverbial

So much for the class today

Lesson 9-2
This class

we will continue to learn the "ba" sentence

Last time we said that

when using "ba" sentence

we must notice that

the verb in the sentence

must be a complicated one

instead of a single verb

In front of the verb or after the verb

there must be something else

So what can these

things be?

We will learn them one by one

This class we will learn the first one

which is adding "zai" "dao" "jin" and so on

after the verb

and then add a place

such as

This is a book

so now I put this book

onto the table

The second one

The third one

 This is the

pattern first pattern of the "ba" sentence

Understood?

Now let's do some practice

Let's see

what this person is doing

The black thing is a garbage bag

so what is in the garbage bag?

She is putting garbage into it

So we can say

And this one

This person is holding

a white bottle

The blue thing is a box

so

or

This one

What is the kid and his mother doing?

They are holding money

And below there is a red box

so what is the action?

For this action we can say

 or both are fine

so

or

Let's see the next one

The worker is holding a white board

and the place is a box

A box again

so we can say

And this one?

Everybody knows him

He is Obama

so what is he doing?

This is his hand

Where is it?

Near the nose

So what can we say?

Also we can see

where is Obama's arm?

On the table

You can also say

Let's see another one

 This animal we have taught before

that its a snail, "woniu"

Here are two characters, "kuaidi"

which means the express companies that are now common in China

They can help us send things

quickly

So this is a snail express company

What does the express company do?

Right

such as

Understood?

This is the first pattern

pattern of the "ba" sentence

Let's do another exercise

Let's see how can we express these English sentences

in Chinese

The second one. What does she usually do?

The child is surfing the Internet in front of the television

so

The third one. Dad is angry

and then throw something angrily

 so

Understood?

pattern For this pattern

we have to use the "ba" sentence

SVO and cannot use the SVO sentence

which we should keep in mind

So much for today's lesson

Lesson 9-3
Hello everyone

so this class

we will continue to learn

some uses of the "ba" sentence

pattern Today we will learn the second pattern

pattern In this pattern

what is after the verb

is "cheng" or "zuo"

followed by a noun

When we learnt

the resultative complement before

we emphasized that

after the resultative complement

there has to be a noun

Remember?

So in the "ba" sentence

we still have to pay attention to this point

such as

The cucumber is a kind of vegetable

when we cook, because the cucumber is rather big

we have to cut it into slices

A cucumber that used to be long

now becomes small pieces

 So using the "ba" sentence

we should say

The second example

Of course you can also say

So for this sentence

pattern this pattern

again we can only use the "ba" sentence

This is what we should pay special attention to

The third example

Every one of us turns himself or herself into gold

into a nice and precious person

So what is this person doing?

The red thing may be a potato

The action of using the knife is "cut"

So he cuts the potato into cubes

Surely before the cubes you can also

add something

such as

is also correct

How about this one?

What she does is to translate

 You can see the character, which means to translate

Her job is translation

so what is the content of the job?

Is that she hears Chinese

and then translates it into English

or she hears English

and then translates it into Chinese

So using the "ba" sentence

we can say that

or

We have to be careful about "cheng"

Next. This is a dirty place

We see the buildings behind this place we can know that

it should be a beautiful place

but now it is not beautiful

but like a junkyard

as if it is a junkyard

so

Last class

pattern we learnt a pattern

which can also be used to describe this place

That will be

How about this one

This animal is snake

so this person plays with the snake

as if they are friends

so

or

Pet

Many people see dogs and cats as pets

but this boy takes the snake as his pet

Understood?

pattern This is the second pattern of the "ba" sentence

Let's do some translation exercise

How to say this sentence?

We can say

One phrase

The second one. What does he do after he succeeds?

fiction

He adapts the fiction

stage so that it can be performed

on the stage

hence

The fiction turns into a play

 cool colors The third one

So some people may like to

decorate their rooms using cool colours

This sentence we have to think about it

What is the verb?

So this is the second pattern

pattern of the "ba" sentence

pattern In this pattern

we can only use the "ba" sentence

SVO We cannot use the SVO sentence

So much for today's lesson

Lesson 9-4
Hello everyone

This class we will learn

pattern the third pattern of the "ba" sentence

In the last two classes

pattern we learnt two patterns

that I said that

for them we can only use "ba" sentences

SVO and we must not use SVO sentences

but the pattern we will learn

pattern this class

SVO can also be expressed by SVO sentences

SVO So to use the "ba" sentence or the SVO sentence

discuss we have to see what is the discussion like

Do you still remember one of the conditions we have said

to use the "ba" sentence

object is that the object has to have appeared before

object and then we need to know what happened to this object

and then can we use the "ba" sentence

pattern So this pattern

is a verb and a resultative complement

such as

Of course we can also say

Which one to use

 discuss depends on the discussion

The second example

We can also say

pattern This is the third pattern of the "ba" sentence

Let's have a try

This plate is now broken

Why is it like this?

Maybe some action happened such as "break"

so let's describe such situation

You can say

How about this one?

What is the girl doing?

Mopping the floor

So the result of mopping the floor

may be that the floor is clean

so we can say

The next one

After this person took a shower

he is drying his hair

The hair now may be wet

full of water

After he dries it, the water is gone, and the hair is dry

so "dry" is the result of action

 We can say that

The next

This action is "shave"

After shaving, the beard is gone

Which result

which resultative complement should we use? "diao"

hence

This one?

The hair used to be long

and the action is "cut"

What is the result after the action?

The hair is cut short

so

Next let's do some

translation

Let's see how to say this sentence

using the "ba" structure

The second one. Which resultative complement should we use?

"hao". So

or

The third one is a little bit long

This is research
 and the research has a discovery. What is it?

Most Americans would what?

The resultative complement should be "guang"

so

Let's see another pretty long sentence

Oxford We know that in Oxford

Blackwell there is a nice bookstore Blackwell

so this student went to the Blackwell

Blackwell in Oxford

and bought a book

35 which cost 35 pounds

Next we should use "ba"

Two "ba"s

How to say it?

Blackwell

35

This is the third pattern of the "ba" sentence

pattern that we learnt today

So much for today

 pattern For the third pattern

we will do some translation

The first one

Lesson 9-5
Hello everyone

This class we will learn another pattern

pattern of the "ba" sentence

pattern This pattern consists of a verb

and a directional complement

Let's see some examples

So in these two examples

there are two points we should notice

The first is in the first example

Actually before "onto the table"

there is also a "ba"

But because the "ba shu"

is the same as the one in the former clause

so we can omit it

would be Fine

The second thing we should notice

is that in the directional complement

if there is a place
 then it should be placed between "jin" and "lai"

It has to be in front of "lai"

You cannot say

but should say

When we learnt

directional complements

we have emphasized this specially

If you forgot

I suggest you to revise that class

Now let's do some practice

These people wearing yellow caps

work to fight the fire and save people

They are firemen

So this picture

how can we describe it?

What are these workers do?

This one. They bought a new coach

and they look happy

so

The next one. What are these small animals?

They are ants

What are they doing?

They are lifting the banana together

 So we should say

And after lifting it, what will they do?

The ants come out of their home

and now the banana is going to their home, so they are going back
home

What is this cute little girl doing?

She is sticking her tongue out

to make a funny face

This is another pattern

pattern of the "ba" sentence that we learn

Let's do another translation practice

How can we say it?

What are you going to the library for?

The second one. To peel an apple

and throw the apple peel like this

So what can we say?

This sentence is rather complicated

Just saying
 would be fine

The third one. How can we say it?

Yes

The second sentence

is the pattern

pattern that we learnt last class

Now let's see the fourth one

We what?

We must notice that

in two minutes

is a grammar that we have learnt

to express time. Do you still remember it?

So much for today's class

Week 10

Lesson 10-1
Hello everyone

This class we will continue to learn

the use of the "ba" sentence

pattern In the pattern that we are going to learn today

there is a state complement

Let's see the example

The second one

We have learnt state complements before

There are mainly two kinds

One kind consists of adjectives, such as clean

and the other is like a small sentence

Both these two kinds of state complements

can be used in "ba" sentences

Let's take a look

How to say this one

The action is "wash"

and what is the state after "wash"?

Clean

This thing is a plate

so the sentence should be



This one. The action of the grandma is "sweep"

The thing is a floor

What is the state? Clean

so we can say

Surely you can also say

How about this one?

The mother looks quite angry

Why is she angry?

Because the child did something wrong

So we can say

We can also say

This one

This is the state now

very clean and neat

So how can we

have such state?

We need an action of what?

 Clear up, or clear away

Then whose dormitory is this?

It looks like a dormitory of the soldiers

So let's describe this picture

What can we say?

Let's do another translation practice

This sentence is also quite long

Let's take a look

There are a table, a bookcase, and a typewriter

And then here we must

use a "ba" sentence

How to say it?

dust

So this is the "ba" sentence that we learnt today

Lesson 10-2
Hello everyone

This class we will learn

pattern the last two patterns of the "ba" sentence

The first one

is a verb followed by "gei"

and a person

such as

This one is easy to understand

Now let's have some practice

This is Mickey Mouse

Mickey In Chinese we say "Milaoshu"

And here is a little dog

So

This guy is a basketball player

When he plays basketball

the players pass the ball

The action is "pass"

What is this person doing?

This is playing football

When playing football

the teammates cooperate with each other

So


What is this action?

Hand over. So

or

is also OK

Let's do some translation

How to say this one?

The next

So this is the first pattern

pattern that we learn today

Next let's see

pattern the last pattern of the "ba" sentence

pattern This pattern is the easiest one

Which is adding a "le" after the verb

If there is no "le"

the we cannot say this sentence

but with the "le" it will be OK

Such as

We cannot say
 because there is only one verb

But with a "le"

there will be no problem

Let's see

what is this action?

The action is "wipe"

So

How about this one? He doesn't like the shoes anymore

This one. Oh, my bike is gone

What happened to his bike? Lost

So he can say

So we have to pay attention that

pattern in this pattern not many

verbs can be used

There are

Just a few

What is the feature of these verbs?

These verbs

all can be used together with resultative complement "diao"

We can say

So these verbs, these actions

What will happen

after them?
 Some things are gone

For example. after casting, the shoes are gone

After wiping, the characters are gone

After losing, the bike is gone

They are such verbs

pattern so that they can be used in this pattern

So we

must not say

No 84 00:04:56,150 --> 00:05:00,900

Also not OK

We have to keep this in mind, understood?

Now let's do another translation practice

How to say this one?

After the dog eats it, the homework is gone

The second one

pattern When we use this pattern

we can firstly remember these verbs

Other verbs we can cautiously put aside for the moment

What we have said are

These six verbs

Remembering these six verbs would be fine

So now we have finished

 pattern learning all patterns

of the "ba" sentence one by one

We have to keep in mind that

The verb in the "ba" sentence

must be a rather complicated phrase

A single verb is not acceptable

So much for today's lesson

Lesson 10-3
Hello everyone

this class

we will continue to learn the "ba" sentence

In the last few classes we have learnt

the main uses of the "ba" sentence

and practiced them one by one

And this class

let's do some

comprehensive exercise about the "ba" sentence

Let's see

If we use the "ba" sentence

to answer these questions

what should we say

The first one

What will you do if your TV is broken?

We can answer

Right?

We can also say

Have a fix

In the last few classes we did not teach

this use

so here
 we can learn this one

which is that

in the "ba" sentence the verb

can be reduplicated

If we say

that is not correct

Because it is only one verb

so it is not acceptable

But if we

reduplicate the verb

then there will be no problem

The second one

If you are in the parking lot

and there is no parking space on the first floor

The administrator wants you to go to the second floor

What may he say?

The administrator can say

right? 44 00:02:06,461 --> 00:02:07,412 also the

administrator can say

The third one. If you study abroad

and now your study ends

and you are going back to your country

How will you handle the things you have?

 We can say

Right?

We can also say

or

We can still say

All are correct, right?

The fourth one

If you find

your friend's room is much cleaner than before

He may have just cleaned his room

What may you say to him?

You are surprised

and you can say

The fifth one. If during the class

the teacher found that there is no book on your table

What will he say to you?

In the class

we should listen to the teacher

with our eyes on the book

so the teacher will say



The sixth one. If you are working

and today your boss gives you a lot of work

so you are very tired

When you go home at night

what will you say to your family

or your wife

or your husband?

Let's think about this one

We can say

This usage

we can specially keep it in mind

Except for this one

we can also say

Very anxious

If your friend and you make an appointment

6 that you meet at 6

8 but now it is 8

but your friend is still not here

After your friend arrives

you can say

You can also say



If you are angry

you can say so

How did you do?

Understood?

Next we will do another

interesting practice

Let's see this room

What is it like?

It is messy, isn't it?

This may be the room of a child

So if you are the mother

or the father of the child

and you hope that your child can clean the room

but the child

hopes to stay with the mother

So the mother may give the child some orders

How will you

give the orders?

For example

Here are some clothes

that should not be here

so we can say to the child that

 For another example

Here are some books, right?

To put the books on the floor is also not OK

so you can say so to the child

Also

here is some garbage

To leave the garbage in the room is not very proper

so we can say

or

Right? Nice

There are still many

things that are not very ideal

Let's take a look

and how will you tell the child

to make his room clean and tidy

to make him clean his room

You can also do this exercise

with your friend

Let's call it a day

Lesson 10-4
Hello, everyone

This class will be the

last class for the "ba" sentence

We will continue to practice this grammar point

Today I am going to show you

an interesting comic

which is Vater und Sohn

The story of the father and his son

Now let's see

Here is a child

and here is his father

So what happened to

the father and the son?

How can we describe the story?

Where

can we use the "ba" sentence?

Let's think about it. The first one

What is the child doing?

If we need to further explain

what is he using

to do this

we can also say

Then

After he covers the table

And now the father comes

He is holding a pot of coffee

And the child

What happens after he picksit up?

The cup is gone

So the father may wonder

And the father sits down

and

then the coffee pot is gone, too

The father is very surprised

But he soon finds out that

the coffee pot and the cup are under the table

So finally what does the father do?

What is your description?

Now let's see

 the story written by

a Spanish student

and the author's name is Alongximen

who was taught by me before

The story is a nice one

Let's read it together

While we read it, let's think about

the grammar points of the "ba" sentence

We finished reading. Did you understand?

The child is naughty and adorable, isn't he?

Si can you

read the preceding comic story

and tell the story by yourself

to practice?

Also if you are interested

please introduce

how to cook a dish from your country

Please introduce a delicious dish

 of your country in the forum

When we do such

practice

the "ba" sentence will definitely be used

Why?

Because when we introduce a dish

we already know

what materials we will use

and what we want to know most

is how to use these materials

to cook the dish

For example in China

we have a delicious home cooking

called scrambled eggs with tomatoes

Tomato is 115 00:07:15,348 --> 00:07:17,280 Egg we know is

so we already know

when we cook the dish

we will use these two materials

then next what we want to know most

is what to do with the tomatoes

and eggs

and they are together

what should we do

So we surely know

tomatoes and eggs first

 then we need to know

what to do to them

contents So in such contents

we should use the "ba" sentence

For example, now

let me introduce you

how to cook the scrambled eggs with tomatoes, OK?

First we need to prepare

tomatoes, eggs, shallots, and oil and other materials

and then we cut tomatoes into chunks

and cut shallots and ginger finely

then break eggs into a bowl

and beat them

After we finish the preparation

We turn on the fire

and put the pot on fire, right?

Then we put oil in the pot

and heat the oil

Then we put the eggs in the pot

After we cook the eggs

we take them out

and again put some oil in the pot

After heating the oil

we put chunks of tomatoes in the pot

and cook them

 Then we put eggs in the pot

add some salt

cook the tomatoes and eggs

and then put the shallots in the pot

After cooking

the scrambled eggs with tomatoes is done

Understood?

So In the forum I wish to see

the recipe of a wonderful dish

from your country

The "ba" sentence is such

See you next class

Lesson 10-5
You have introduced

many recipes, haven't you

Some are simple and some are complicated

But the grammar points used are generally the same

Now let's cook a dish together

Instand noodles

You all have had instant noodles before, right

All have

Instant Noodle You all have had that, right

noodle Convenient noodle, right

I don't know how to eat instant noodles

Please tell me how

What should I do first?

Who can tell me? OK, Shanben

First

In a convenient store

you buy a packet of instant noodles

Firstly I should go to the supermarket

to buy a packet of instant noodles, right?

OK. Then after I buy it

How can I eat?

I pour the water

into

into
 a pot

a bowl

a bowl

I pour water into a bowl

What water?

Hot water

Hot water. What if I don't have hot water

I pour water into the pot

And what

The water

How can I boil the water

Then turn on the fire. Good.

OK. Firstly I pour water into the pot

and turn on the fire. What's next

I put the pot on the fire

put the pot on the fire, and ?

And put instant noodles into the pot

put instant noodles into the pot

The instant noodles have a package, right?

Into the pot?

Open the package

Open the package, and?

Put instant noodles into the pot

How?

Take out the instant noodles

 and put them in the pot

Put instant noodles into the pot. Nice

Then?

Wait a minute

to boil the instant noodles well

Boil the

instant noodles well, right?

Hanna, please tell me how to do it

You

stir the instant noodles

stir the instant noodles

with the sauce

Stir the instant noodles and mix them with the source. Where?

In the pot

In the pot

I must put the sauce into the pot

and mix the instant noodles with the sauce

And then?

It looks like only they two often have instant noodles

You don't usually have instant noodles, do you?

After mixing

what should I do?

I boil the noodles

I boil the noodles

I boil the noodles

 How do I know they are fine or not?

I use chopsticks

use chopsticks to

taste the noodles

I take some out

to have a try

I boil the noodles for how long?

3 minutes. OK.

3 So I boil the noodles for 3 minutes

3 I boil the noodles for 3 minutes

and use chopsticks to take some out to have a taste

And then?

After boiling, I turn off the fire

After boiling, I turn off the fire. And then?

I start to eat

Yes

In the pot?

Yes

Better eat in the pot, right?

OK.

This is the kitchen, this is the fire, and this is the pot

Should I eat here?

After turning off the fire

After turning off the fire

I take the pot to the table, right?

 I take the pot to the table

and then eat with chopsticks, OK? Eat with chopsticks

So it is not so easy to cook the instant noodles

Right?

If you

teach someone how to cook instant noodles for the first time

especially the person is a child

you have to do so, right?

step step One step at a time

You teach him how to cook instant noodles step by step, right?

So tonight when you get home, you can cook the instant noodles

But when I cook instant noodles

I don't do it in a pot

I firstly boil the water

and then pour the hot water on the instant noodles

You put instant noodles into the water to boil them

Right?

That tates better, right?

I will try it tonight

Week 11

Lesson 11-1
Hello everyone

This week we will start to learn

the grammar of the attributive

Do you remember what is an attributive?

Let's take a look at

the complicated sentence

we have seen before

So we have learnt

the grammar about time

and

the grammar about place

Also we have learnt

some special verbs in Chinese

view compound

and the four kinds of complements

The grammar we are going to learn this week

is this part

The characters in red are attributives we are talking about

also

is an attributive, too
 So

phrase in these three phrases

are the words that are the most important

modify they modify

so we say

they are attributives

So you may have a question

You may find that here

has a "de"

has a "de"

but

there is no "de"

after there is no "de", either

there is also no "de"

So the first question you may ask

is that in Chinese

after the attributive

when there should be a "de"

and when there is no "de"

This is the first question we might ask

The second question we may ask

 is that

there are three attributives

is an attributive

is an attributive

is an attributive

These three attributives

So can we say

or can we say

phrase In a phrase

when there are two or more

attributives

the order of these attributives

should be arranged by what

So these are the two questions

we may ask

when we learn attributive

So when we explain the attributive

we will mainly explain these two questions

Today let's firstly see

the problem of "de"

First let's see

phrase in these phrases

 are OK

We can also say

The "de" can be omitted

The next

These two "de" cannot be omitted

So let's think about it

pronoun is a pronoun

noun is a noun

So in Chinese

The pronoun and noun

can be used as the attributive

phrase So in these phrases

what is the relationship

between the attributive and the noun after it?

They have a possessive relationship

which means that the friend is mine

mother is mine, the book is mine

the friend is mother's

So when pronoun attributive or noun attributive

and the noun after them

are in the possessive relationship

when should we use "de"

and when should we not use "de"?

Let's see these examples

 Can you figure it out?

Let's take a look

In this part

The "de" can be omitted

We can find out that

phrase in such phrases

the attributives are pronouns

Pronouns are

They are all pronouns

phrase In such phrases

the noun after the pronoun

what are they?

They are

friends, relatives, members of the family

These kinds of nouns

For other examples

these nouns if have

pronouns as attributives

then the "de" can be omitted

So here

mother is a noun
 Although after it is "friend"

but the "de" must be there

My book, "wo" is a pronoun

but "book" is not one of that kind of nouns

so the "de" must be there

Understood?

So this condition

and that condition

when we can satisfy both conditions

then we can say "de" or omit it

Now let's see

when the attributive is a noun

the problem of "de" will like what

So we have two sentences

They are also in the possessive relationship

When the relationship is possessive

we must say "de"

Let's see two more examples

So here Chinese friends mean

that the friends are Chinese

 It tells us the property of the friends

tells us that his temper is like a child

So here child also tells us

the feature of his temper

So in such situation

between the attributive of the noun

and the noun

there is no "de"

They mean totally different things

Understood?

Let's see another two examples

This tells us one feature of the book

One property of the book

This is a grammar book

not a vocabulary book

Next

tells us that the table is made by wood

which is a feature of the table,

a property of the table

Also we need no "de"

So here let's remember

such a grammar point about the attributive

 that if it is a nouns

and represents the property or feature

of the noun after it

we use no "de"

Next let's do some practice

Let's translate this sentence

We must think about whether we should use "de"

How to say this sentence?

300

So here we need to emphasize

the tail belongs to the fox

so this sentence

should be that every one of them

has a tail of the fox

We can see that

here tail of the fox

metaphor is a metaphor

to tell us that these people are cunning

so here

we don't have to emphasize the tail belongs to a fox

so we cannot use "de"

Next let's see

the attributives in these sentences

 Let's see whether they are correct

The first one

Do you know about Da Shan?

He is a quite famous

Canadian in China

who in often on TV shows

So it is the name of someone

So this TV show

is one of his

This sentence tells us

that the TV show and Da Shan

are in a possessive relationship

So there should be a "de"

The second sentence

Should we use "de" in this sentence?

No

Actually it is telling us

the woman is an American

The third one

 So in this sentence there are two problems

one is

We say that the table is for

putting the computer on it

so the computer is actually

illustrating the feature of the table

So we can omit the "de"

and just say

The second one

Here we can omit this "de"

If we use it

we are emphasizing the place is my place

belong to me This place belongs to me

Is mine

But actually here

This person does not want to emphasize it

He wants to say

when I do the homework

I usually do homework here

so we can omit the "de"

So the third sentence we should say

Understood?

Next we will do another

 translation exercise

phrase Let's see how to say these phrases

in Chinese

The first one should be

literature is a noun

modify that modifies work

We need no "de"

The second one

Here history is also a noun

and needs no "de" after it

The third one

The fourth one. How to say it?

computer is also a noun

so we omit "de"

Here

we have a grammar of the time-quantity

object should be placed between the verb and the object

So this is what we

learn this class

when the attributive is a pronoun or a noun

whether we should use "de" after it

We need to think about

the attributive and the noun

 are in what kind of relationship

If it is the possessive relationship

we need a "de"

If the noun tells us

the feature of the thing behind it

then we need no "de"

But when there is a possessive relationship

and the attributive is a pronoun

and the noun after it represents a friend or relative

or father and mother and or

other members of the family

when they are like these

then the "de" in the middle

can be used or omitted

So much for today's class

Lesson 11-2
Hello everyone

This class we will continue to learn

attributive and "de"

This class we will see

when the attributive

is an adjective

whether we need "de" after it

Let's see these examples first

good is an adjective

adjective

adjective

The next

adjective

before it there is "hen"

which is an adverb

very and good together

attributive are one attributive

together they are one attributive

with a "de" behind

we repeat "gao"

also has a "de" after it



is a three-character attributive

Then let's see

when the attributive is an adjective

when to use "de" and when to omit it

Can you easily

figure it out

Right

they are one-character adjectives

One-syllable adjectives

So one-syllable adjectives

when they are used as attributives

there are no "de"s after them

or usually there are no "de"s

If the adjective is not one-syllable

but are two-syllable or three-syllable

or contains more syllables

then when they are attributives

there should be "de"

Understood

Let's see whether this sentence is correct

adjective

is an adverb
 so together they

modify modify the time

so this sentence is incorrect

We should have "de"

Because contains three syllables

it is not one-syllable

adjective attributive

So there must be a "de"

Sometimes

we don't say the adjective explicitly

we use two pronouns

to express us

such as

If we use

attributive

as attributives

we should use "de"

Understood?

Good. Adjective attributives are quite simple

we remember to distinguish it as one-syllable

or two or more-syllable

would be fine

Then let's translate

these sentences
 How to say the first sentence?

It is rather simple. Right

two-syllable adjective as the attributive

with a "de" after it

The second one

If it is good person

good is a one-syllable adjective

we need no "de"

and

they are multi-syllable

so there should be a "de"

The third one

last year Here we have last year, representing a time point

Let's think

that in Chinese

where should be the time point be placed

It should be after the subject and before the verb

Here

is a one-syllable adjective

so we need no "de" after it

 Just "gao low" would be fine

is a two-syllable adjective

and why there is no "de" after it?

Do you feel curious about it?

Are you considering this problem?

Good. If you are

actually here is a special case

We have to notice

that

although "hen duo" is a two-syllable adjective

but

when it is used as an attributive

often we can omit the "de" after it

so we say

Understood?

This is when adjectives are used as attributives

whether there is "de"

depends on the adjective is

one-syllable or not

Let's call it a day

Lesson 11-3
Hello, everyone

this class we will continue to learn

the attributive and the "de"

This time we will see

when our attributive is a verb

or a verbal phrase

verb phrase

how to use "de"

Let's see these two examples

is an attributive

It tells us

what is this book

Next

This sentence says that he does not like the present

What present?

The present that I gave him

Not all presents

but the one that I gave him that he does not like

So we can see that

in these two sentences

verb phrase there are two verb phrases as attributives

 after them there are "de"s

It's quite simple

This is the grammar point

But we have to notice that

if the verb as the attributive

is a two-syllable verb

such as

two-syllable verbs

Do you still remember

During the first class

when we talked about the features of the grammar of Chinese

we said that in Chinese

two-syllable verbs sometimes

can be used as a noun

So when two-syllable verbs

sometimes used as attributives

the "de" after them can be omitted

especially like

these words

They are like names

after

the two-syllable verb

the "de" can be omitted

Then let's do a practice

to see whether these two sentences are correct

 The first one

This sentence is not so good

because

I like the most tells us

that that place is my favourite

so it is an attributive

modify that modifies that place

is a 59 00:02:57,501 --> 00:02:58,228 verb phrase

a verb phrase

so after it there should be a "de"

OK. The second one

The flower is fragrant

Where is the flower?

Besides me

So here

modify also modifies the flower

so there should be a "de" as well

This would be fine

Let's do another translation exercise

Let's see how to say this one

 Here we have a woman

that woman

from the components after the woman

was to the components before "was"

all tell us

about the woman

modify so they modify the woman

So in Chinese

attributive the part of attributive

should be in front of the woman

so how should we say this sentence?

Yes

Good. The second one

So here

something

after something is my girlfriend

modify this part modifies

the thing in the front

In Chinese

this part should be in front of it

because the attributive should be in the front

so we should say

The third one

 Here

favorite in English there is a favorite

a simple word

adjective In English it is an adjective

But when we say it in Chinese

we should use a

phrase verbal phrase

so

like is a verb

modify so "people like" modifies this place

and should be in front of the place

with a "de"

Understood?

Next let's see

whether this sentence is correct

So how to say this sentence?

We should say

The English means something like this

A good way

good way

After it is to know other cultures

modify also modifies the way

 So in Chinese

the attributive should be in front of the way

To know other cultures

It must be like this

So when we speak Chinese

if your attributive

verb phrase is a verb phrase

you have to think about it

In Chinese

modify the attributive should be placed

before the noun that it modifies

In English

the attributive may be before the noun

or after the noun

verb phrase especially when it is a verb phrase

They are usually short sentences

that can help

us understand

This is a clause

So this clause

verb contains a verb

verb phrase a verb phrase

modify that modifies

way the way

it is behind the noun

 But in Chinese

they should be in the front

This is what we should pay attention to

when we speak Chinese

Great. So much for today's class

Lesson 11-4
Hello everyone

This class we will continue to learn

the attributive and "de"

Today we will see

that when attributive is a prepositional phrase

how to use "de"

Do you remember the prepositional phrase?

preposition

Such as in these three sentences

dui is a preposition

so together

they are a prepositional phrase

This prepositional phrase

is an attributive

that modifies "interest"

The second one

Here we have a preposition

is a prepositional phrase

modify So together they modify "love"

Also there is a "de"

 Here we have a preposition "zai"

is a prepositional phrase

So this prepositional phrase

modify modifies the attitude

They also have a "de" behind

so we can clearly find out that

if the attributive

is a prepositional phrase

usually we need a "de"

Good. Let's do some translation

Let's see a sentence

How to say this in Chinese

Here we have a

love of alcohol

So in it

there should be a prepositional phrase

So how to say it?

The second one

about us There is a prepositional phrase: about us

about us modify

book the book in the front

 soo how to say this?

OK. The third one

Here we have a prepositional phrase

in languages

so

modify is a prepositional phrase that modifies the ability

Also there is a "de"

So when a prepositional phrase is the attributive

there is a "de" behind it

When we learn this grammar

we need to pay attention to the word order

In English

the prepositional phrase

about us in languages

are in the back

but in Chinese

they should be in the front

Understood?

So much for today

Lesson 11-5
OK. This is the grammar of the attributive

that we have learnt this week, isn't it?

We have so many grammar points of the attributive

Let's do some more practice, shall we

If here is a person

what kind of attributive can we add to the person?

He'an, please give us the first answer

adjective Add a mono-syllable adjective to "ren"

adjective An adjective of one character. "Hao(good)"

A good person

The next, Baola

A brilliant person

A brilliant person

Luosili, please give us a complicated one

A very good person

A very good person. Not so complicated

Brilliant. What do you think is brilliant?

animal What kind of animal is brilliant?

The monkey

The monkey. Good.

like a monkey So brilliant like a monkey

A person like monkey

A person as smart as a monkey

This one you have learnt before, right?

 plus adjective

A person as smart as a monkey

Xiaotianchuan

people

What kind of people are they?

I know they are people

What are they doing?

Learning Chinese

Good. So, people learning Chinese

People learning grammar

in classroom

In the classroom

Please say it again

People learning grammar in the classroom

Very good. People learning grammar in the classroom

Right? OK.

now now Now. We can add a "now"

Xiaotianchuan

Now

People learning grammar in the classroom now

Great

People learning grammar in the classroom now

Right?

People learning grammar in the classroom now

are all brilliant

 OK. The next. Let's continue with this one

verbal phrase verbal phrase + de

Having learnt grammar for 2 hours

Having learnt grammar for 2 hours

Let's start from the back row

Airui

You think of the

first grammar about time amount

study Chinese for 2 hours

How can we say it?

Do you still remember?

study Chinese for 2 hours

students who have study Chinese

for 2 hours

OK

Anke

in classroom

Add a "in the classroom"

So

So people who have studied

Chinese for 2 hours

in the classroom

 We must recall the grammar

we have learnt before

How to say one of the grammar points

we have learnt

about someone?

Do you still remember that sentence?

My best friend

read successfully finished reading

an interesting grammar book yesterday in the classroom, right?

Yes

So please think about how can we say this sentence

The person who have studied

Chinese in the classroom

for two hours, right?

Good. So we should say

The person who have studied Chinese in the classroom for two hours

Right?

The person who have studied Chinese in the classroom for two hours

Chengmaotian, give us one more

verbal phrase

Please think about the grammar of

time amount we have learnt

During the class, a person makes phone calls and eats food

makes phone calls and eats food

call someone
 Call someone in the classroom

during the class

The student that makes phone calls

during the class

The student that makes phone calls, right?

Do you still remember this?

Please say it

In the classroom

there is a student who alternately makes phone calls

and eats food

Please say it again

In the classroom there is

a student who alternately makes phone calls

and eats food

sentence You give me a sentence, right

In the classroom there is

a student who alternately makes phone calls

and eats food

So it is in the classroom

attributive in an attributive place, right?

Good. The student who

alternately makes phone calls

and eats food in the classroom

The person who alternately makes phone calls

and eats food, right?

 Yes

So the person who alternately makes phone calls

and eats food does not study hard

sentence This is a sentence, right?

So this

verbal phrase verbal phrase

could be rather complicated

VO compound Let's revise the VO compound

Lanxi, please tell us

quarrel

have a quarrel

Someone quarrels with his/her friend for one hour

Someone who quarrels with his/her friend for one hour

vo compound "chaojia" is a VO compound

quarrel for one hour

Please say it again

Someone who quarrels with his/her friend for one hour

Very good

Someone who quarrels with his/her friend for one hour

OK. Add a time and a place, please

Yesterday, where? In the shop

The person who quarrels with his/her friend for one hour

in the shop yesterday

Excellent

The person who quarrels with his/her friend for one hour
 in the shop yesterday

Is who?

Is my friend

Is my friend. OK.

sentence That is a sentence, right?

Good. The person who quarrels with his/her friend for one hour

in the shop yesterday

is my friend

OK. The next

The student of last semester

The student of last semester

The people of last semester

The people of last semester in Peking University are not many

OK. Let's make the time more complicated

I am a student who graduated last year

a student who graduated last year

verbal phrase That's a verbal phrase, right?

We use only one word of time

A word of time

What have we learnt?

Let's revise the words of time, shall we?

There are two kinds, right?

The first kind is, what? The word of time-amount

such as

 The other kind is the word of time-point

5 such as What else?

And?

2011 and so on. They are all fine, right?

So here the word of time

is usually a word of time-point

The word of place

What is the simplest one?

Right?

The person here, the person there

This is the simplest place, isn't it?

The person here, the person there

Ailin, please give us a more complicated one

This is a person

The person on the table

Good. The person on the table

The person on the table

"shang" is a word we have learnt, right?

The person on the table

So when we want to express a place

we have some words like

and what?
 And?

And?

All these words can help us

to make a place, right?

So Taoqi, please tell us one more

Just now Ailin said "shang"

Give us one more

Who is Ailin?

Ailin is the person on my left

Good. Ailin is the person on my left

The person on Taoqi' left. The person on Taoqi' left.

Also you can say, the person from Shanghai

the person from Shanghai

the person from Shanghai

the person from Shanghai

Pengyanmo

this kind of person can use "jin(close)" and "yuan(far)"

The person who is close, the person who is far away

OK. The person who is close, the person who is far away

A mono-syllable adjective, isn't it?

You can say the person who is far from me

The person who is close to me

We have learnt that, right?

Yes
 Anke just said

verbal phrase Is the person from Shanghai a verbal phrase?

It is a good question

Yes

actually Actually it is

one kind of verbal phrase

preposition But here is a preposition

so we take it out

So these are some attributives

we have learnt. OK?

We revised them once more

Lesson 11-6
OK. This is the grammar of the attributive

that we have learnt this week, isn't it?

We have so many grammar points of the attributive

Let's do some more practice, shall we

If here is a person

what kind of attributive can we add to the person?

He'an, please give us the first answer

adjective Add a mono-syllable adjective to "ren"

adjective An adjective of one character. "Hao(good)"

A good person

The next, Baola

A brilliant person

A brilliant person

Luosili, please give us a complicated one

A very good person

A very good person. Not so complicated

Brilliant. What do you think is brilliant?

animal What kind of animal is brilliant?

The monkey

The monkey. Good.

like a monkey So brilliant like a monkey

A person like monkey

A person as smart as a monkey

This one you have learnt before, right?

 plus adjective

A person as smart as a monkey

Xiaotianchuan

people

What kind of people are they?

I know they are people

What are they doing?

Learning Chinese

Good. So, people learning Chinese

People learning grammar

in classroom

In the classroom

Please say it again

People learning grammar in the classroom

Very good. People learning grammar in the classroom

Right? OK.

now now Now. We can add a "now"

Xiaotianchuan

Now

People learning grammar in the classroom now

Great

People learning grammar in the classroom now

Right?

People learning grammar in the classroom now

are all brilliant

 OK. The next. Let's continue with this one

verbal phrase verbal phrase + de

Having learnt grammar for 2 hours

Having learnt grammar for 2 hours

Let's start from the back row

Airui

You think of the

first grammar about time amount

study Chinese for 2 hours

How can we say it?

Do you still remember?

study Chinese for 2 hours

students who have study Chinese

for 2 hours

OK

Anke

in classroom

Add a "in the classroom"

So

So people who have studied

Chinese for 2 hours

in the classroom

 We must recall the grammar

we have learnt before

How to say one of the grammar points

we have learnt

about someone?

Do you still remember that sentence?

My best friend

read successfully finished reading

an interesting grammar book yesterday in the classroom, right?

Yes

So please think about how can we say this sentence

The person who have studied

Chinese in the classroom

for two hours, right?

Good. So we should say

The person who have studied Chinese in the classroom for two hours

Right?

The person who have studied Chinese in the classroom for two hours

Chengmaotian, give us one more

verbal phrase

Please think about the grammar of

time amount we have learnt

During the class, a person makes phone calls and eats food

makes phone calls and eats food

call someone
 Call someone in the classroom

during the class

The student that makes phone calls

during the class

The student that makes phone calls, right?

Do you still remember this?

Please say it

In the classroom

there is a student who alternately makes phone calls

and eats food

Please say it again

In the classroom there is

a student who alternately makes phone calls

and eats food

sentence You give me a sentence, right

In the classroom there is

a student who alternately makes phone calls

and eats food

So it is in the classroom

attributive in an attributive place, right?

Good. The student who

alternately makes phone calls

and eats food in the classroom

The person who alternately makes phone calls

and eats food, right?

 Yes

So the person who alternately makes phone calls

and eats food does not study hard

sentence This is a sentence, right?

So this

verbal phrase verbal phrase

could be rather complicated

VO compound Let's revise the VO compound

Lanxi, please tell us

quarrel

have a quarrel

Someone quarrels with his/her friend for one hour

Someone who quarrels with his/her friend for one hour

vo compound "chaojia" is a VO compound

quarrel for one hour

Please say it again

Someone who quarrels with his/her friend for one hour

Very good

Someone who quarrels with his/her friend for one hour

OK. Add a time and a place, please

Yesterday, where? In the shop

The person who quarrels with his/her friend for one hour

in the shop yesterday

Excellent

The person who quarrels with his/her friend for one hour
 in the shop yesterday

Is who?

Is my friend

Is my friend. OK.

sentence That is a sentence, right?

Good. The person who quarrels with his/her friend for one hour

in the shop yesterday

is my friend

OK. The next

The student of last semester

The student of last semester

The people of last semester

The people of last semester in Peking University are not many

OK. Let's make the time more complicated

I am a student who graduated last year

a student who graduated last year

verbal phrase That's a verbal phrase, right?

We use only one word of time

A word of time

What have we learnt?

Let's revise the words of time, shall we?

There are two kinds, right?

The first kind is, what? The word of time-amount

such as

 The other kind is the word of time-point

5 such as What else?

And?

2011 and so on. They are all fine, right?

So here the word of time

is usually a word of time-point

The word of place

What is the simplest one?

Right?

The person here, the person there

This is the simplest place, isn't it?

The person here, the person there

Ailin, please give us a more complicated one

This is a person

The person on the table

Good. The person on the table

The person on the table

"shang" is a word we have learnt, right?

The person on the table

So when we want to express a place

we have some words like

and what?
 And?

And?

All these words can help us

to make a place, right?

So Taoqi, please tell us one more

Just now Ailin said "shang"

Give us one more

Who is Ailin?

Ailin is the person on my left

Good. Ailin is the person on my left

The person on Taoqi' left. The person on Taoqi' left.

Also you can say, the person from Shanghai

the person from Shanghai

the person from Shanghai

the person from Shanghai

Pengyanmo

this kind of person can use "jin(close)" and "yuan(far)"

The person who is close, the person who is far away

OK. The person who is close, the person who is far away

A mono-syllable adjective, isn't it?

You can say the person who is far from me

The person who is close to me

We have learnt that, right?

Yes
 Anke just said

verbal phrase Is the person from Shanghai a verbal phrase?

It is a good question

Yes

actually Actually it is

one kind of verbal phrase

preposition But here is a preposition

so we take it out

So these are some attributives

we have learnt. OK?

We revised them once more

Week 12

Lesson 12-1
Hello everyone

This class we will continue to learn about attributives

This class we want to learn

if we have many attributives

we have two

or more attributives

how to arrange

the order of these attributives

Let's see some examples

The first example

Here we have

five attributives

The second example

also five attributives

This may be the most complicated

example of multiple attributives

Let's see

when we have many attributives

 the order of the attributives

is arranged

by what means

We see that "wo" and "wode"

and the "ji" and "shu"

are all possessive relations

"Wo" is a pronoun

so you can also say a noun

such as

is also fine

The pronouns or nouns representing possessive relationship

are usually placed in the leading place

and we have a quantifier

The quantifier is also often in the front

and

they are verb attributives

they are adjective attributives

they are noun attributives

So it means

if we find there are

two or more attributives

we should think about

 the attributive is a verb, or a noun

or an adjective, or a quantifier

We must think about it

If you figure out this problem

then you can remember such order

that usually the attributives are arranged

like this.

semantic Actually there is another reason concerning semantics

Here

The reason is that

if the attributive

is in close relationship with the noun after it

then the attributive is close to the noun

If the attributive and the noun after it

are not in close relationship

then they are apart

The relation between I and book

grammar and book

Of course the grammar and the book are closer

It is the feature of the book itself

I and the book are not so close

So we have this cause

OK. So the quantifier's place

in multiple attributives

is usually rather flexible

 They can be here or there

is also fine

Sometimes they can be here

So the quantifier's position

depends on

context what the context

want's to emphasize

At the moment, we can now remember

such order

and it will be fine

Now let's have a try

This is what we said

about the normal order of multiple attributives

Let's see this order

see this hint

and try these three phrase

can be put like what in Chinese

The first one

we should say

a pronoun

with "san" becomes a quantifier

"riben" is a noun behind

 Next

How to say it?

In English "kexue(science)" is put at last

but in Chinese

we should put it in the heading place

because "kexue" and "fangmian"

are in the possessive relationship

this aspect is the aspect of the science

not of the literature

so it should be at the head

and "liangge" is a quantifier

then "butongde" is an adjective

so the order should be

The third one. It is simpler

The order of Chinese and English

are the same

is the quantifier

adjective adjective

noun

mono-syllable adjective

mono-syllable adjective

so they need no "de" behind

 would be fine

Of course we can also say

which is correct as well

The next is more complicated

factor The factor has several attributives

In English

some of them are in the front and some are in the back

But in Chinese

all of them should be in the front

How to say it?

This is what we have learnt

about time point

So

another is a quantifier

so it should be in front of "kaolv"

is a verb

important and

is an adjective

So this is the order

of Chinese
 The second one. How to say it?

is a quantifier

is a verb

is also a verbal attributive

adjective, mono-syllable, no "de"

noun noun

Good. So

Understood?

Next we will tell you

the way to

arrange attributives

when we have many attributives

That is to see

whether the attributive has "de" or not

The attributive with "de" are usually in the front

and the ones without "de" are usually behind

such as

"wo" has a "de" and "hao" has none

so "wo de " is in the front and "hao" is in the back

The next

is an attributive with "de"

is an attributive without "de"

 "wo mai de" is in front of "yufa"

is an adjective

two-syallble, with a "de"

is an adjective

mono-syllable, without "de"

So the one with "de" is in front of the one without "de"

Hence Understood?

Let's do a practice

Let's think about it is with or without "de"

So the first one should be

with "de"

is a noun without "de"

So is a quantifier

that is usually in the front

is a quantifier

so it can be in the front

This has nothing to do with "de"

The second one

"xian jin de " has a "de" and "wai guo" has no "de"

so they are in such order

Next let's see

what the bride usually wears



here is also a quantifier

so it can be in the front

and has little to do

with "de"

We can remember this

so

the attributives with "de" are in the front

When we have

many attributives in one sentence

these are two ways to arrange

the order of

these attributives

Understood?

Of course when we actually speak Chinese

we seldom have

the situation of five attributives

Normally there are

two or three

When we use them please think about

these two ways that I told you

and it will be fine

Next let's do another exercise

to see
 if we put these attributives

into one sentence

how should we

arrange their order

The first one

Here we have three attributives

These three attributives,

how should we

arrange their order?

is a quantifier

is a verbal

VP verb phrase a verbal phrase attributive

is an adjective

So the order should be

The second one

means a lad

So here

are four attributives

 How can we put these four attributives?

OK

Either order is fine

The third one

Four attributives

So it should be

Here

are adjectives

but they are multi-syllable

so they have "de" behind

"hao" is without "de"

The attributives with "de"

are in front of those without "de"

The fourth one

It should be

adjective adjective

With "de"; without "de"

The ones with "de" are in front of those without "de"



The four attributives

Understood?

So much for today's class

Lesson 12-2
Hello everyone

This class

we will continue to learn about attributives

So in the last few classes we said that

in Chinese, after the attributive

sometimes there is "de", and sometimes there is no "de"

So we tell you

that when the attributive is a verb

or a prepositional phrase

or a multi-syllable adjective

there should be a "de"

If it is a mono-syllable adjective

or a quantifier

there is no "de"

When it is a noun

It can be with or without "de"

It depends on the relationship

of the noun and the noun after it

So actually it is a principle concerning

the attributive of a simple sentence

whether it should be with

or without "de"

context So in a context

the usage of "de"

 is actually complicated

For example

Here

is a mono-syllable adjective

But here we have a "de"

The second one

is also a mono-syllable adjective

with a "de"

is also a mono-syllable adjective

with "de"

But before we told you

that if it is

a mono-syllable adjective

there can be no "de"

So in these three examples

after the mono-syllable adjective attributive

there are "de"s

Why is this?

This is to emphasize

the feature illustrated

At this time we can use a "de"

On the contrary, we also have situations like this

 For example

is a two-syllable adjective

We have said that

if it is a two-syllable adjective

as the attributive

it has a "de" behind

But here we have no "de"

The next one

is a verbal attributive

There should be a "de"

But actually in this sentence

the speaker didn't use the "de"

Why is this?

This is a rule of rhythm

in Chinese

Let's see two more sentences

Here we have "de"

But the following sentence

 After we add

an attributive of "mei you jie jue(unsolved)"

The "de" in the preceding attributive

is omitted

Here is also a problem of rhythm

Such problem

is quite difficult

to you

Actually

in the research of Chinese grammar

even some grammar experts

cannot figure out

context that in a context

the "de" should be used

can be omitted in what situation

What is this rule

It hasn't been found out yet

So about this

just being aware of it would be fine

When we use it

we follow the ways

taught in the last few classes

Use "de" when we should use it

and does not use it when we cannot

In the level of intermediate Chinese

 doing so would be fine

But some places

about whether to use the "de"

we already have some

clear rules

such as that if the attributive

is a pronoun

with "zhe" or "na" and a measure word

When these two attributives are together

after the pronoun

although it represents a possessive relationship

the "de" is often omitted

For example

All pronouns that are with "zhe" or "na"

and a measure word

and then add the

modify noun that they modify

At this time the "de"

is usually omitted

For another example, if it is a pronoun

 with a two-syllable adjective

then after it

there is usually a "de"

such as

The "de" of "wo" is often omitted

and this "de" should be said

For another instance, if it is a pronoun

with a mono-syllable adjective

usually the "de" must be used

such as

and so on

rules like these

are the ones we already know about

and can tell you explicitly

others are still hard

to explain well

what is the rule

So let's have a try

This sentence

Here "ta" is a pronoun

is a two-syllable adjective

and a "de" + "nvpengyou(girlfriend)"

If we say so it would be too verbose

 so the "de" in the front can also be omitted

The second one

Here "wo" is a pronoun

"na" and a measure word

so

If we say

it would be too verbose

so the "de" in the front can be omitted

The third one

The "de" in the front

can be omitted

Here we tell you

that when we learn Chinese

we have to read more

to build up our language sense

When later the researchers of Chinese

context find out the rule about in a context

when can we omit

the "de" that should have been said

clearly

I hope that I can have the chance to tell you

Let's call it a day

Lesson 12-3
Hello everyone

From this class

we will start to learn adverbials

Do you still remember the adverbial?

Where should the adverbial be placed in Chinese?

Right. In Chinese

the adverbial is in front of the verb

Let's take a look

at this complicated sentence

So we can see

now we have learnt 15 00:00:41,226 --> 00:00:43,667

in this complicated sentence

the part of time, place

verb, complement

and attributive

So we only have the part of adverbial

to be learnt

So in this sentence

the main verb is "read"

The things

in front of the main verb

 are adverbials

so

actually in this complicated sentence

we have three adverbials

adverbial of time, place

and a adverbial "shunlide(smoothly)"

We have learnt about the time

and we have learnt about the place

let's see in Chinese

what other adverbials are there

Let's see the examples

1993 The first one

This is the time point we have learnt

as the adverbial of time

The second one

This is the

adverbial of place we have learnt

The third one

"by plane" tells us

the way to come to Beijing

So it is before "Beijing"

as an adverbial

The fourth one

in Chinese

tells us the tool we use when we chat

 so a preposition "yong"

and a noun "hanyu"

form a propositional phrase to be the adverbial

So prepositional phrase as the adverbial

has many examples in Chinese

the relationship between them and the action behind

is also different

It can be a relation of target

such as

The thing that I am interested in is Chinese

so Chinese is the target of interest

We use "dui"

and put it before "ganxingqu"

then "dui hanyu(in Chinese)" is an adverbial

When we taught

V-P Liheci V-P

we mentioned a little bit

The sixth one

The seventh one

is also an adverbial

The eighth one

is also a preposition and a noun

They are an adverbial

So the things before the verb

 are our adverbials

and these adverbials

tell us

things about the verb

So in Chinese

the word used most frequently before the verb is the adverb

Many adverbs

can be used in front of the verb

and basically they

can only be used before the verb

such as

These four

all adverbs before the verb as the adverbial

The adjective

can also be used before the verb as the adverbial

such as

This is one

is an adjective

It can also be the adverbial

So we can see

the components before the verb as the adverbial

are quite complicated

 The adverbials tell us

about the action

also they can tell us things about the sentence

which is the sentence adverbial

such as time and place

In these five sentences

The words in yellow

are adverbials of the sentence

In the sentence there are other adverbials

such as

such as

is also an adverbial

is one; is also one

They are two adverbials

So in a complicated sentence

we can have a big adverbial

modify to modify the sentence

and in the sentence

 there is another adverbial

modify to modify

the verb in the sentence

These are two kinds of adverbials. Understood?

Let's have a try

For example, we have a simple sentence

is the

main verb in the sentence

In front of the verb

we can add a lot of adverbials

Let's think about

what kinds of adverbials can we add

It can be an adverbial of time

or an adverbial of place

or a prepositional phrase as the adverbial

or an adverb

or an adjective

or in front of the sentence

the big adverbial of the sentence. All are fine

Have you thought about some?

Let's see some examples that I give

For example

an adverbial of time

 An adverbial of place

It is a prepostional phrase as the adverbial

Also a prepostional phrase as the adverbial

Still a prepositional phrase as the adverbial

is an adverb adverbial

is an adjective adverbial

And we can also say

These two

are big adverbials of the sentence

How did you do?

I hope that

you can think about it on your own

that what

can adverbials can we add to the sentence

We have to remember

that in Chinese the adverbial in before the verb

or in front of a sentence
 Both adverbials are in the front

Understood?

Let's call it a day

Lesson 12-4
Hello everyone

This class we will see

the problem of adverbial and "de"

We say that after the attributive

there is always a "de"

and after the adverbial there is also a "de"

But not all adverbials

have "de"

so we need to know

when we use adverbials

when should we add a "de"

and when we should not

So this problem

is what we need to look at

the component used as the adverbial

to see what kind of feature does it have

If the component used as the adverbial

is a prepositonal phrase

then we need to see

whether it needs a "de" behind

Let's see these examples

So the prepositonal phrase as the adverbial

needs no "de"

Let's have a practice

This sentence,

if we say it in Chinese,

we have to use a prepositional phrase as the adverbial

So

Here

Next, how to say it? Right

The third one

A prepositional phrase as the adverbial

modify modifies "wave her hand"

So when it is the prepositional phrase that is used as the adverbial

it needs no "de" behind

 When we use this grammar point

we have to be careful about the word order

The problem about "de" is not so complicated

So much for today's class

Lesson 12-5
Hello everyone

This class we will continue to see

the problem of adverbial and "de"

This time we will see

if the adverbial is an adjective

whether we need to use "de"

Let's see these examples

The first group

Here

are adjectives

and each consists of one character

mono-syllable adjective

The second group

Here "renzhen" and "keqi" are also adjectives

and they are two-syllable

or multi-syllable

with a "de" behind

So when the adverbial is an adjective

we need to see the adjective

is one-syllable, two-syllable

or multi-syllable
 then we decide

to use "de" or not

Understood?

Let's have a practice then

Let's see English sentences

How can we express them in Chinese?

The first one

The second one

The third one

Here we use "kuai" for each sentence

But the first sentence has only the "kuai"

as it is a mono-syllable adjective

So we say

The second and third sentences

we have "hen" and "zheme"

that make "henkuai" two-syllable

and "zhemekuai" three-syllable

As adverbials

modify to modify "pao"

modify and "kaolv"

so we should say

 Understood?

Next

are all two-syllable adjectives

so they have "de"

The fifth

is a two-syllable adjective

The next. How to say this one?

Here we have two adverbials

happily One is

to a visitor and the other is

So

adjective, two-syllable

with a "de"

Here is a prepositional phrased used as the adverbial

with no "de"

So much for the class today

Lesson 12-6
Now let's make a dialogue

every two or three people

Two or three, both fine

Do you still remember that

when we learnt this grammar

we did a small practice

party that you were on a party, right?

party on a party

party Tell me about the party

party On the party there are things to eat

to drink, to play with

and there are a lot of people

Some you know, some you don't

So please make a dialogue in pairs

party to describe the party

by the attributive

We must use this grammar. Understood?

For example

party I don't know the people on this party

Hanna knows them all

So I ask Hanna

Hanna, who is the beautiful person

over there in red?

Who is the beautiful person

 over there in red?

She is a very smart woman from Beijing

Really? I want to get to know her

Could you introduce for me?

Yes

Thank you

Can she sing?

Yes. Last time

she sang, and that made me very happy

Just "she sang well" would be fine

Right?

So let's make a dialogue like this

This time I hope all of you can tell the dialogue

OK. You two first

OK Yes

Who is the person

that is in light-green dress

and dances well?

0230 That is my

friend who also comes from Shanghai

What does she learn?

She is very pretty,

like someone famous

Really? Do you want to get to know her?

Yeah, I'd like to

 You can

I am your best friend

I can introduce you to each other

Did you understand?

Notice that

we omit the first "de"

I can introduce you to each other. Good

Next

party There are handsome and pretty students on the party last night

But I didn't know any of them

Could you introduce some?

Sure. The tall one who is drinking and

dancing

is Anke

Who is the girl singing next to him?

Her song attracts me

She is Taoqi

She came from America last year

She majors in Teaching Chinese as a Second Language

Is she your friend?

Yes

We are friends who both

have learnt Chinese for two semesters

OK. Now I want to

 chat with the girl who has long black hair

and looks like a star. See you around

Understood?

party This is a party of our grammar class

You two

Who is the beautiful, tall, and cute woman

at the table and

looks like that she is from Beijing?

She is

a grammar teacher of Peking University

You should take the grammar course

Nice

Shanben, good or not?

Good or not? Good

No

That would be fine

Or just
Week 13

Lesson 13-1
Hello everyone

This class we will continue to see

the problem of the adverbial and "de"

The adverbial we are going to learn this class

is a quite special one

that we may have not learnt before

which is a quantifier used as the adverbial

such as

These two adverbials

are quantifiers repeated twice

When we use it in this way

after the adverbial

we should have a "de"

Do you understand?

Such as

means that after she tried one clothes

she tried another

and another

try them one by one

For another example, if you feel sad now

that your girlfriend or boyfriend

 broke up with you, so you feel sad

and you go for a drink

which is not a good solution, of course

We just take it as an example

So when you drink

you have one shot

and another

and still another one

How can you say this?

You can say

If you like reading

after you read one book

you read another

and another

You can say

This is what this adverbial mean

When we use this adverbial

we should add a "de" after it

Let's have a practice

Let's see these sentences

and how can we say them in Chinese

So firstly they get to know the problem better

one by one and then

This one
step by step

year by year This one

The fourth one

how can we say it?

How did you do?

Next let's see

if in the sentence

the adverbial is an adverb

should we use "de" or not

Generally speaking

if the adverbial is an adverb

we need no "de"

There are many adverbs in Chinese

You can see

all these words that I give are adverbs

They mean differently

When these adverbs are used as adverbials

we need no "de"
 Such as

After "cai" we need no "de"

For another instance

After "que" there is no "de" as well

But if the adverb

is this last kind

that is the adverb of manner

sometimes we can use "de"

For example

are two adverbs of manner

and they can have "de" behind

or they can have no "de"

But the adverb of manner "qinzi"

absolutely has no "de" behind

So we can only say

So what adverbs of manner

 can have "de" and can have no "de"

and what adverbs of manner definitely have no "de"

We can keep them in mind

These adverbs of manner

can have or can have no "de"

And

these three adverbs of manner

must not have "de"

Understood?

You can think of some examples on your own

to practice

the adverbs of manner as adverbials

You can also discuss

and share with other classmates

about your sentences in the forum

Let's call it a day

Lesson 13-2
Hello, everyone

This class we will continue to learn about adverbials

Last several classes we have learnt that

in Chinese

what can be used in front of the verb

as adverbials

So today let's have a revision

We say that in Chinese

things can be used in front of the verb

as the adverbial

are mainly these

The first kind is the prepositional phrase

that can be in front of the verb

such as

"dui" is a preposition

with "wo" it becomes a prepositional phrase

They are in front of the verb "xiao"

The second kind is the mono-syllable adjective

that can also be directly

in front of the verb as the adverbial

such as

which is a mono-syllable adjective

Adverbs can also be in front of the verb

such as
 Sometimes they are adverbs of manner

and can be put in front of the verb

with a "de"

such as

So what are these adverbs of manner?

Please keep in mind

the examples that we gave you last class

The fifth kind is the two-syllable adjective

Two-syllable adjective

usually must have a "de" first

and then can it be in front of the verb

as the adverbial

such as

The last kind is the quantifier

When they are used as the adverbial

usually there is a "de" as well

such as

Let's do some practice

to see whether you can use the "de" correctly

The first one

Should we use "de" here?

"shuo(say)" is the verb

and what kind of word is "jiao'ao(proud)"?

 It is an adjective

so here

should we add a "de"?

Yes

because it is a two-syllable adjective

The second one

In this sentence

the main verb is "ai(love)"

It is the adverbial

of the sentence

So here

we don't need a "de"

and

we know it is an adjective

is the adjective reduplicated

so we can add a "de"

The third one

It means go hiking and swimming

have fun there

 so

what kind of word is this?

It is an adverb

This is the verb of the second sentence

Let's see where we should use "de"

and where we should not

OK. The first one

Here it is an adverb

We say that adverbs normally need no "de"

The adverb of manner can have "de"

is an adverb

that can have "de"

is a prepositional phrase

Do we need "de"?

No

The fourth one

They are the two main verbs, right?

So "dajingxiaoguai" is an idiom

but the idiom

functions
 like an adjective

It means strange, to make a fuss

so here do we need "de"?

Yes

as it is a multi-syllable

adjective

also

needs a "de"

is also an idiom

meaning

as if having nothing to do

and it also functions like an adjective

The next

So the "fei(fly)"

is the main verb

and

are quantifiers, right?

So they should have "de"

You can say

Also the "de" can be omitted

as

they can

share one "de"

 The second one

is a verb

after "yijing", do we need "de"?

No

as it is an adverb

Also functions like an adjective

We say after "na me"

usually we can have an adjective

such as

with a "de"

and a verb

The next

is also a quantifier

Here do we need a "de"?

No

Why?

Because it is a little different from

the quantifier+ "de" that we mentioned earlier

the quantifier must be like

Here "tiantian"
 means everyday

The third one

The verb part is

so do we need "de"?

No

because "queshi" is an adverb

the following

is a verb

So here should we add "de"?

I tell you that "juewang" is an adjective

should it have "de"?

Yes

so

Is "da" an adjective?

Yes

Do we need "de" here?

No

Why?

Because it is a mono-syllable adjective

The mono-syllable adjective

can be directly used in front of the verb

The last one

Here

means the way the he doesn't move at all

which also functions like an adjective

so this place we add a "de"

Understood?

So when you speak Chinese

please think about

whether to use "de" or not

Before "de"

the part that is used as the adverbial

should be considered that what kind of words are they

An adjective? An adverb? Or a prepostion?

You need to think about it

to decide to use "de" or not

Let's call it a day

Lesson 13-3
Hello, everyone

This class we will continue

to learn about the adverbial

the grammar we are going to learn today

is the order of multiple adverbials

which means that sometimes

in one sentence

there are two

or more adverbials

In such situation

how should we arrange

the order of these adverbials

is what we need to

think about

We have a way

which is to see

the relation of the adverbial and the action

If they are

pretty close

that it is the feature of the action itself

then we should

put the adverbial and the action

close

For example
 we have an action, run

and we have an adverbial, quick

we can have another adverbial

such as with friends

run with him

we can have yet another adverbial

such as on the road

Let's think about among these three adverbials

which is

close to the action run

Which should be closest?

Isn't it quick?

And then

and

Which is closer?

Run with him may be closer

and then run on the road

So if in this sentence

there are these three adverbials

we should say

Because "quick" is closest to run

so the words are closer as well

and "with him" is closer

 so it is in the second place

while on the road

is farthest from run

so the word is farthest as well

in the heading front

Understood?

If you feel

that when you think about

the relation of the adverbial and the action

it is a little hard to decide

whether it is close or far away

you can keep the method below

which is to see

what does the adverbial mean

It normally can have the following meanings

You can take a look

The first kind is reason, goal and tone

such as

For example the action is study

Why do you study grammar?

Some would say because I want to improve my Chinese

so I study grammar

or to improve my Chinese

I study grammar
 Here

they mean

a reason or goal

and they are the adverbials of the sentence

so they must in the front

And what is the tone?

Such as

You can say

it expresses the tone

and it is in the front as well

So these three adverbials

usually is the farthest from the action

and in the heading place of the sentence

Then is the time

such as

place

If these three are together

you should say

Company means with something

and often does not stay far

from the action

 Next

it describes the state of the actor

such as

I am the actor

and what is my state?

I am happy

so you can say

If you have company

and the state of the actor

you can say

What about tool, target and manner?

These three

are usually expressed by preposition

Usually by prepositional phrase

PP We say pp, and you can remember the abbreviation

such as

work you use work

edits or edits

Target? We can say

 Manner?

You can say in what way

These are pretty close to the action

The last one

we say is to describe the action

such as

we say the "run" is quick

It is not describing the actor, "I"

so "quick" is the closest to "run"

Let's see some other examples

Such as

1998

For another example

is the target

tells the manner

is about the action

the description of the action is "slowly"

so it is in the back

closest to the action

 Understood?

I also hope that you can remember this sentence

If you say a sentence

that contains many adverbials

and you forget about how to arrange them

you can think of this sentence

and then decide

how to use the adverbials

Next

let's do some practice

one is

one is

means that look happy

What is on the road?

A place

then

tells about the state of the actor

that we look happy

so it should be close to the action

So it should be

and then

The second one

is what?
 Company.

With who

then

tells the state of us

Which is in the front?

It should be

And then

The third one

What should I say?

is the target of "say"

is about me

So it should be

The next

How to say this one?

Here it should be

Here "ye(also)"

we need to notice

that it is an adverb
 but this adverb

is usually about the relation between this sentence

and another sentence

so in the multiple adverbials

it is usually in the front

in the front

so it is better like

The fifth one

Here we have three adverbials

one is

one is

and the last one is

So here

is the tool, manner

here is

the state of the action

so it should be closest to the action

This should be

This "zai" is the same like "ye"

It is also an adverb

and usually is about the relation of the sentence

 and the preceding sentence

So it is also

in the front in multiple adverbials

The sixth one

Here we have two adverbials

unwillingly one is

and the other is

Here

tells about her

and decribes the state of the actor

so it is closer to the actor

and tells about the target of the action

so it is closer to the action

Hence

This is the best way

Understood?

If you still do not understand

you can go back to see

the meanings of the adverbials

and do it again, OK?

Next

we will do another

translation practice
 This sentence is

Here

we have a verb

declare

and another verb

The action has two adverbials

one is , time

and a place

The "yu" is a word of written Chinese

meaning "zai(at)"

So actually when we speak

the situation of one sentence containing multiple adverbials

is not very common

Usually there are

two or three adverbials

so you can keep in mind

the kinds of adverbials we have talked about

and then arrange their order

 It won't be that hard

Let's call it a day

Lesson 13-4
Hello, everyone

This class we will continue

to learn about the adverbial

This class we will see

the adverbial and the complement

have what kind of difference

You must have

thought about this question

You can say

or

"henkuai" is before "pao"

and it is an adverbial

"henkuai" is after "pao" as a complement

So when do we use the adverbial

and when do we use the complement?

This you must have thought about

Let's take a look now

that the adverbial and the complement

have what kind of difference

Let's see these two examples

The first one

 The second one

So here we have an adverbial "wan"

Here is also an adverbial "wan"

They are in front of the verb

as the adverbial

The third one

Here "wan"

is after the "qu"

We say that it is a complement

What is the difference

between "wanqu" and "quwan"?

Let's see these examples

Can you figure it out by yourself?

What is the difference?

The adverbial

usually expresses something intentional

or that the speaker subjectively wants to do so

and the complement is about something unintentional

or an objective situation

Such as the first example

I don't want to see him

so I am late intentionally

The second example

 I have such a plan

that I am going to be late for an hour

I am going to be late intentionally

The third example

The traffic jam

is an objective reason

so that I am late for an hour

is an objective situation

So this is a big difference

that we have when using the adverbial

and the complement

Let's see these two examples

Here we have a complement, right?

This is the grammar we have learnt

VOV

The second one

It is also a complement

How can we change these two sentences

We should use the adverbial

I say that we should do so

 so it is something intentional

It is a subjective decision

so we would better use the adverbial

It is also a subjective advise

from the speaker

so we should better use the adverbial

Let's see more examples

of the adverbial and complement

Let's see

these examples of the adverbial

Let's read them together

The third one

The fourth one

What happened after he heard the news?

Here we have such adverbials

These adverbials

and the action behind

are in what kind of relationship?

Let's think about it

describe Right. It usually describes

the action's state or manner

of that time

such as

The action "pao" at that time is "kuaikuai"

The fourth one

is that he jumped

This is his action

So when he jumped

he was happy

The main meaning is about jumping up

and happily

decribes the way that he jumped

This is the adverbial

Let's see some examples of the complement

The fourth one

We can see

in these examples of the complement

we can see that

in the front

What do these three

want to express the most is

the complement in the back

So the first sentence

we can even say

This is fine

This is also fine

The main part

they want to tell us

is the part of the complement in the back

But this example



in the back

What does this complement

want to tell us?

It wants to tell us the extent to which he was happy

He was really happy

and the result is

that he jumped up

So different from the previous ones

the part specially emphasized

is that he jumped up

and this part

wants to emphasize that he was happy

So the complement usually expresses

the state after the action

There is the action first,

and then is the state

after the action

Such as

It must be the action of "write" first

and then we know it is messy

This one

Also must be that he starts walking first

 and then we know he is too slow

So the part that it emphasizes

describes the state after the verb

or evaluates the state after the verb

So when we use the adverbial

and the complement

you need to think about

focus the focus that you want to express

and then decide

to use the adverbial or the complement

Let's see an example

Here we use a complement

What do you think ?

We say that

if it is a complement

then it usually emphasizes

the state after the verb

and this verb is often the focus

we want to express

and it must be that the action takes place first

and then we have a state, right?

 So in this sentence

in the front there is "happy"

in the back there is the "into the car"

Can we say

"into the car" is the result or state

after the action?

Not exactly

Actually

it wants to say

that he went into the car, and at that time

he looked happy

so the focus of its expression

is "into the car"

So we need to say

when he got into the car

what was his state

So here we use a complement

and a "de"

Understood?

This is a little bit hard, isn't it?

So much for today's class

Lesson 13-5
Hello everyone

This class is the last one

of the semester

Let's make a summary

to see

13 after 13 weeks' study of grammar

can you easily

say a complicated Chinese sentence

In the sentence

there are the subject, the predicate, the object

the attributive, the adverbial and the complement, and so on

These parts

in the Chinese sentences

we have already learnt

We have learnt such a complicated sentence

S Here in the part of S we have the attributive

O and in the part of O we have the attributive

and the part of verb

we have a complement

Also in front of the verb

 we have three adverbials

The adverbial of time, place

and how the action

looks like

So this is in Chinese

what a most complicated sentence

is like

Next let's see

can you

use "de1" and "de2" correctly and appropriately

in these sentences

That is, let's see

whether you can correctly judge that

where are the attributive and the complement

in the sentence

The first one

You see

in this sentence we have a verb "zuo(sit)"

and a verb "huibeijing(go back to Beijing)"

OK. So which should we use in the first sentence?

de2

trust her very much

 It is an adverbial

to describe sit

and

is about the flight

Which flight?

The flight that A Mei services

so here it is an attributive

so we should use de1

to tell us which flight is this

The second one

Here we have a verb "chuxian(show up)"

A girl

What kind of girl?

So what should we use here?

de1

and

should use de2

to tell us the state of "chuxian"

What is this? A verb

so which de should be used here?

de2


This one you can easily know

Here we should use which de?

de2, right? Very good

Here which one should we use?

yes, de1

V This is V

O and here is O

Here is an old man

Which old man?

The one standing next to me

so we use de1

What kind of hand?

Skinny hand

Here which de we should use ?

de2

"dui a mei shuo", should we add "de" here?

No

Because here it is a prepositional phrase

 when they are used as the adverbials, they need no "de"

Which de?

de1

These are some rather complicated sentences

We can see that in these sentences

there are the attributive, and the adverbial

Next let's do another exercise to see

whether you can

put the attributive and the adverbial

into the simple sentence

What tourists?

How did they come out?

Here we have two adverbials

and they should be placed here

OK. The second one

Look is the action

so what is the adverbial here?

 What men and women?

Here we have two attributives

One is

and the other is

Please think about it

If we have two attributives

how should we arrange the order?

We have learnt

that the quantifier should be in the front

so

The third one

we can see here it is a verb

so we have an adverbial

Where should the adverbial be? In the front

What kind of secret?

Two attributives

"ta de" should be in the front

possessive as it expresses a possessive relationship

so it should be like this

OK. The fourth one

 What kind of idea moved me in what way?

Two attributives

Here "nvhaide(girl's)"

possessive is also a possessive one

as it is the girl's idea

so it should be said first

so it should be

Should be placed here, right?

The fifth one

This one is quite simple

Here we have an adverb

is usually placed in the front

so it should be

In front of the verb

The sixth one

is the main action of the sentence, a verb

In what way?

So here it is an adverbial

It should be here, right?

Then what kind of idle life?

 So here we should have a attributive

to describe the life

It is a life that except for sleeping and eating

one has nothing else to do

such idle life

Did you do it right?

Next we will have another exercise

Let's have a try

Can you think of

a very very complicated sentence?

Here we give you a simple sentence

So in front of "xuesheng(student)"

what can we add?

We can add an attributive, can't we?

What about in front of "jichang(airport)"?

Also we can add an attributive

In front of "qu(go)"

What can we add?

An adverbial

Let's think about it

What kind of attributives we have learnt

and what kind of adverbials we have learnt

What complicated sentence

can you think of?

 Let's think about it

and then see

the example that I give

My attributives and adverbials are like this:

Is this sentence complicated?

So this student

we can add several attributives in the front

Four attributives, right?

8 And then

Here we can also say four adverbials

Please notice that

functions like an adverbial

as it is about manner
 the manner of the action

so it is also in front of the verb

in front of "qu"

And then before "jichang" we add two attributives

What is your sentence like?

In our forum, you can share with

your classmates

The second one

can we add attributives

complements

and adverbials?

This is

we say that in the front we can add an attributive

Here in the front

before "chi(eat)" we can add an adverbial

and after "chi" we can add a complement

So please think about

how will you say this sentence

And let's see my sentence

Here we have two attributives



Two attributives

Here are three adverbials

And here is a complement

How did you do?

Please share with us

Good. So the grammar lessons for this semester

is over

Thank you for learning Chinese grammar with me

I wish that

13 after 13 weeks' study

you have improved your Chinese

in listening, speaking, reading and writing

and translation

You have improvement in all these ways

Also I hope that you

will feel that the grammar of Chinese

is not that difficult

and it is fun to learn it

I hope that

when you speak or write in Chinese in the future

you can think about

 the knowledge of grammar

that we have learnt in this class

See you!
Lesson 13-6
Now let's review

the grammar of the attributive and adverbial we have learnt

I have written them here

These are some very important sentences we have learnt

using the attributive and the adverbial

I hope you

can remember these sentences

So that when you use the attributive

and when there are multiple attributives

order and you want to know how to arrange their order

you can refer to these sentences

OK. Let's read them together

How many attributives are there in this sentence?

proun VP adj N+N

We have these attributives

order Their order is generally like this

And this one

Why don't we say

Because "piaoliang" has a "de", and "da" has not

So the one with "de" is in the front and the one does not is in the back
 attributive These are attributives

adverbial This one is for the adverbial

1998

adverbial How many adverbials are there in this sentence?

Reason and target, time point, and the place

and then what?

This is the general...

Sorry. With who?

Do you still remember?

Now let's do a practice

S V O I have a S, a V, and an O

Please add the attributive and the adverbial

attributive adverbial into this sentence

Let's get it started. Please do it in pairs

You can make a

very very very very complicated sentence

OK. Let's hear

your answers together, shall we?

 Let's start with He'an and Zhanni

One sentence would be fine

Because of the winter holidy

the smart student

Because of the winter holiday

the smart student

yesterday

yesterday

in Beijing

in Beijing

with the teacher

with the teacher

Too quickly

quickly

quickly went to the airport to take the flight

quickly went to the airport to take the flight

All right? Good. You two

Yesterday

Yesterday

the hard-working college student

the hard-working college student

from Peking University

from Peking University

took a bus to go to the biggest airport in Beijing quickly

Good
 took a bus to go to the biggest airport in Beijing quickly

You two, please

for taking a flight

for taking a flight

the best student in Peking University

the best student in Peking University

2015 6 26 on 26th July, 2015

2015 6 26 on 26th July, 2015

with Anke

with Anke

took the subway

took the subway

to the airport

You are wrong

Wrong.

Please listen to others' answers. You two, please

In order to study abroad

In order to study abroad

1998 in 1998

1998 in 1998

from Japan

from Japan

young

young

student
 student

hurriedly

hurriedly

went to the pretty airport in Beijing

went to the pretty airport in Beijing

Good. You two, please

The hard-working student studying Chinese in Peking University

in Beijing

The hard-working student studying Chinese in Peking University

the most hard-working

the most hard-working student

slowly went to the airport step by step

slowly went to the airport step by step. Great

from the USA

studying Chinese with me in Peking University

from the USA

studying Chinese with me in Peking University

review everyday

review everyday

the French student

the French student

tomorrow after class

tomorrow after class

is listening to the music

while drinking water

 while drinking water

takes a taxi

takes a taxi

to

to

near my house

near my house

noisy

noisy

the new Airport of Beijing

the new Airport of Beijing

Understood? You two

A group of young students on bus

A group of young students on bus

went to the biggest airport in Beijing happily

went to the biggest airport in Beijing happily

You two

Yesterday that student hurriedly

went to the International Airport of Beijing

Yesterday that student hurriedly

went to the International Airport of Beijing

Good. You two

2010 The student graduated from Peking University in 2010

2010 The student graduated from Peking University in 2010

8 at 8:30 last night

 8 at 8:30 last night

hurriedly

hurriedly

went to the smallest airport in Beijing

went to the smallest airport in Beijing

to see a Mexican friend

who is not familiar with Beijing

to see a Mexican friend

who is not familiar with Beijing

to see a Mexican friend

is the heading front. OK.

Don't put it in the back

order which is the order of English

to see a Mexican friend

who is not familiar with Beijing

and then the student...

Pretty good. You have understood

attributive adverbial the attributive and the adverbial in the sentence

My sentence is like this

This is my sentence

The brilliant British student

who has studied in Peking University for 2 years

8 yesterday 8 a.m. with his friend

took a yellow taxi

went to the biggest airport in Beijing quickly

 So we have learnt the attributive

and the adverbial

now we can make complicated sentences

We have not done the complement, have we?

The complement

Please make one in pairs

Friends eat

attributive attribute We should use the attributive

complement and the complement

Let's get it started

For his mother's birthday

For his mother's birthday

yesterday my best friend

and his family

together in a famous restaurant

yesterday my best friend

and his friends

in the most famous restaurant

Yes

happily

happily

ate

ate

a whole Peking Duck

a whole Peking Duck

 Result complement Good. You used a resultative complement

Right?

Yesterday the parents of my classmates

Yesterday the parents of my classmates

happily ate the dishes cooked by the kids

happily ate the dishes cooked by the kids

so much that they had a stomach ache

so much that they had a stomach ache

predictive complement You used a predictive complement

Right?

subject But your subject is not the friends

but the parents, right?

subject So you changed the subject

You two

My friend and I

last night

last night

in a new Korean restaurant

in a new Korean restaurant

I and

I and

a Chinese friend together

a Chinese friend together

ate slowly
 ate slowly

ate slowly and made the clothes

dirty

ate slowly

and made the clothes dirty

You are kids, right?

You ate and made the clothes dirty. Good.

complement You two

To lose weight

To lose weight

my British friend

my British friend

every day

every day

could not finish the food I work hard to prepare

every day she could not finish

the food I work hard to prepare for her

Potential complement Excellent. You used a potential complement

Right?

You two

2 hours ago

2 hours ago

My best Spanish friend and I and

our mutual friend

My best Spanish friend and I



and our mutual friend

Diemu went to

a newly-opened Israeli restaurant

went to a newly-opened

Israeli restaurant

slowly step by step

ate the Israeli specialties until we were full

one bite at a time slowly

finished the Israeli specialties and got full

We all said we were full

object The object is missing

Good. Finished the Israeli specialties

and got full

You can also say you got very full, right?

Excellent

You two

Because I will go back to my country soon

Because I will go back to my country soon

8 last night at 8 o'clock

8 last night at 8 o'clock

in a famous Chinese restaurant in Wangfujing

in a famous Chinese restaurant in Wangfujing

Yes. My best American friend

 my best American friend

Yes. With me

with me

happily

happily

eat too much

eat too much

eat too much

Very good. You two

The new friend we got to know at the bar

who just came from Italy

to learn Spanish

happily ate dumplings

with wooden chopsticks with us

and it made me laugh out loud

It is too long. I forgot it. I will read it again

Please listen

It uses many what we have learnt

The new friend we got to know at the bar

who just came from Italy

to learn Spanish

happily ate dumplings

with wooden chopsticks with us

and it made me laugh out loud

Understood? Very good.