eee Tae Ee SLs Pa a a PTT tec MIGUEL DE CERVANTES TVD El principe de los ingenios PU a iy Per An Avant-Garde Vision of Don Quixote CEE To Fe Te Te DT De PE rd Ca Cm Coad ee ed CO ee Les ra rice ache ete ce) Prt ccs RC eee [Art and Architecture Room, The New York Corsten (photo Myriam Sanchez Posada de Arteni)We are our memory, we are that chimerical museum of shifting shapes, that pile of broken mirrors. (Jorge Luis Borges) een Deere stares nora einer aont ny Mey reece et] Es eee ear! Core ca a eet ony Caenars Tete EES ra Peri chee Cusp ey prey La Vide De Cervantes Teleserie Radotteision patenerteey pos econ) eter hee eee ee creme aren) ete aT oe) pretureitened Senora Cats Cone oeeeny try Sree em TT) De ea Po ee eee eter ecm tity foray ec eer! perenne yen ay eed eet Ree STI) Pietra neneennben mieten tes) hn Pres Petre eee aT Pirie SWNT Te 1s (Joumey to Parnassus, 1614), Cervantes speaks of La Batalla, jortunately Combat). U the text has been lost,Captivity is the greatest of all evils that can befall one. (Miguel de Cervantes) ETL ores Gos Civitates Orbis Terrarum, 1575 Praesens sIGRONOLOGIAsatamay.C3% EMT SICR TITS Miguel de Cervantes spent ive years in Algiers after being captured by the Cee au a eres a Albanian) on September 26, 1575 while he was returning to Spain on the Ome et ee eee ay ee ee ee ee \wrtten by don Juan de Austria and the Duke of Sessa led his jailers to think that Cervantes was very important and that they could get a good ransom... his liberty was bought by the Trinitarian Juan Gil in 1880... Prrraenetenneresent seg teint IST Tees eee ‘The...Trinitarians rescued prisoners from North Africa for centuries. A ‘commission was formed, made up mainly of two monks from the order, who ‘were in charge of collecting the money that was needed to set the captives tree... --for the release of Miguel de Cervantes...Srother Juan Gil and Brother Po oe es Prenat te ae Ae ea) See eC eM ena El Libra de la Redencién de Cautivos de Argel (Book on ere eres pene eee er Tete Pree ei eee tonne ae TET] rm Cervantes told and retold his account of captivity in his plays and novels, including El Trato de Argel (about 1582), the story of the captive in Part | of Don Quixote (1605), and i the posthumously published Labours of Persiles and Sigismunda (1617) the characters exclaims: | have been a slave in Algiers for five years!See uci ee SOTO} ey Cervantes, a Spy in Algeria ceo) ee ac Ces northwestem port whose peculiar mayor, Felipe Hemandez de Cérdoba, was a Muslim converted ‘to Christianity and paid by Spain. Apparently Cent cea Comoe ete ne La) Ce ec Cenc eeetg ‘the Turkish fleet. CL gt ay hitpviaiarelperiodice.comajerosicervantes: Pere ea eT) Lae re ee ees Cry ese Parmer marred Cee ro Peeper eae Herrscher, Soldaten, Hofleute, pene Cds co Pee ee ee eee PTT Reece een Ce [ieee pen naan Pent eee IT YTeeeT‘The knight- errant was seeking his own destiny. (Javier Rioyo) tee ‘translation of Tirant lo Blanch, printed CSO ee tor nur) preset ee er eres finished posthumously by his friend Marti Joan coco eer eae ‘of Valencia in 1490.) en eet Ce ee eee oa LE Treerieepeeln remit pe nena Pe eee eee eT PUTER Tees Los quatro libros de Amadis de Gaula ; ee eed Ea aetna ne Promo POSE CST eT Se Daniel Eisenberg, The books of Cees «the personal background consists of the en Recor ee ny Rocker recognized as heroic. His... travels through oe ners Preece ers ere ae ir eee nt Se eee ees ee ren eins aren ne er Ce ed Rois Pir neat et tet tem PIrerisee Ines ne eT Perec IARCPRYPR TAT RONPE STS ree‘The knight- errant was seeking his own destiny. (Javier Rioyo) Cel PC erent anos Cente Soe Ow Roe Ce ee ; a coat ea tt) ‘abttem acquit Se eee pee erent eens rR een eer a Ce Pere ce as ‘achievements, and bids them be read throughout all corns SS ee co ee eee ene nl ees et’ erate eerou er eee a Lees Cre ey eee ee eet ce tee etme) ean ay El Greco, View of Toledo, 1596-1600 erat enn MMC ror nn ea Ser Se ae UTE aT SES M RRA) Ou cu CeO ea Rc eta) a lesser known activity of the Cretan painter [is] his participation in eee Ce en eee toes CO ee ee eee ee eee LL ee eae ee mer a ae ee Cm Cen ae err cry Ce nr a Cd --Itis probable that before 1582 Cervantes had come into contact With Vargas, Hurtado and their group, perhaps in the country house of the former, located on the banks of the Tagus ... [Cervantes] went 10 Toledo precisely in 1587, wth the procession carrying trom France eee ee eared link with E1 Greco, who participated, a it was demonstrated, in the [design ofthe] ephemeral architecture created for this event... The {act that Cervantes took part together with Toladan poets in the Saint Pee ee eeu ee of comedies. omar) Se eee eee Toledo, Boletin dela Biblioteca de Menéndez Pelayo, XC, 2016, 225- Ea Pit ne ee ET ee ee ee pearingEvery man is the son of his own works. (Miguel de Cervantes) Cee Se ae een RRC Rea nt ae ee oe oe --But what we may consider the great tribute of Cervantes to Toledo oe Lee een eam Lee ed ‘Don Quixote de La Mancha, which would therefore deserve to be Pa eee CO a eer ees ‘satchel withthe manuscript of the History ofthe Ingenious Hidalgo, Poanyocer in crate ..The relationship of affection Cervantes had with Toledo is not bound to a specific circumstance but emanates from the confluence ‘of multiple factors, among which stand out its being the hometovin Cue eg lineage of his wife was rooted... the symbolic capital of Spain, ren ere rier eri place...where his benefactor, archbishop Don Bernardo Sandoval y oes ewe Rn CLLR eee Erin m ee eee ee eee PRE rete tee ECTS TLE CO eee eT a Fire TRE ET Len ae Fesreen nen OTTO] en eee ee eee eee Td Dee ee ed Pare Ce eet per cemrer ret) Se ens Sete os Sandoval y Rojas, Tirso de Molina, Come eee Ercila, Miguel de Cervantes, Baltasar Ce resIn order to attain the impossible, one must attempt the absurd. (Miguel de Cervantes) ne eee Las Besides being contemporaries, did they really know each other? The data oe tee ee ee ‘Quest of Cardinal Farnese, Cervantes is serving asthe chamberiain of Cardinal Acquaviva. Both frequent Fulvio Orsini, the illustrious adviser of, ree «few know that before arriving at Tiiano's workshop, El Greco had Pee ee ey Wallachia and Moldavia. There he learned a compositional canon that he Sa es Don Quixote was riding in pursult of an ideal. And Cervantes also. E1 ce ee ed knows it as The Gentleman With His Hand On His Chest. No one knows for sure who this gentleman of severe bearing and black garb is, but he shows very telling signs for any insightful observer. A left shoulder. ..collapsed... inline vith the hilt of his sword, centered and not flanked, betrays a lame ae ee eee See ere ey eR ec ee ‘and also by the remarkable appearance and serious gaze -he only lacks the helmet to mimic the immortal knight errant who was born from his pen Corvantes, an ingenious hidalgo wherever he may be, wanted his image to bean enigma, perhaps because he was fascinated by fencing with words ‘as well as with weapons. Also because he adored the games of El.Greco, The Gentleman With His Hand On His Percent Maen nT eto Cer) eae eae Rene See ee) PESTS) ee eee gee eaeee oe eee Mt er) ar Ce eee ee ee a ees ererierenrte hs rcs re ore eT) aces En ee eee ee corer Loner too Cre rete re ere ferrin cairn eran Cor Nae Peres renee iuereceirie omer er Freinds irpsear tier rer ree A pee nee i eT]In order to attain the impossible, one must attempt the absurd. (Miguel de Cervantes) Sarantis Antiochos, Cervantes And El Greco: No More Than ed {tis well documented thatthe parish priest of Thetokopoulos, that is to ‘Say the priest of Santo Tomé, don Andrés Niez de Madrid, the same one ier ra mn eT ee had close relations and even a certain kinship with the family and other ere en reas Cer eae ee ee eee Or or ne ae eg ey CAS tee eee eae tL ta Cee ee en ee LON) relationship that also bordered on kinship... Juan de las Cuevat Perera tetrad a eke Tee A ae ‘married Petronila de Madrid, niece of don Andrés, They had a son, Manuel dde las Cuevas born in 1538. When he was orphaned, his cousin Jorge Manuel, the son of El Greco, took care of his person and property. Nae kor ee Cea Coreen eye Premnesien nee pen Pear er TV ECE ECE eee eta ec ouiCoe aL ireeenrerinniee neem et renin Piet SC ere TT)Ce eet oe cay eee ees ‘exhibited paintings, a Crucifixion by El Greco, eee eer Ue ee eu Loco t es oo eee eee Neer LT es reese Parc Ce eee eed rors Procter BGiWANxyTA0IVCKhOWCHKYUAAAA Pree bie 1600120740920 Marinsi2aMu% Foerr PUTTS TPR TOT PRT cs the parish priest of Santo Tomé,ee a eT ‘The paper forthe first 1605 printing was manufactured by the paper Ten re ae Lr ert) pee ur ee er Valley of Lozoya below the Sierra de Guadarrama. Cerone ee Oe ee ee aoe an Cee eet oe) | j | 1 Ce ee ed Printing, Berg Collection, The New York Public Libray, New York Cote Sue Ua POE eee eM Rec) noe N cerns Cn ee Tl Cervantes does not present himsel asthe true author of Coen eeeren trimer t Re Ry cece io eR rea Cre er ee reer ‘Quixote and what i its meaning? . Pt a eee Ts eee ne ees Cee eee ee ee a ee eee ee time of Cervantes, where he was in captivity for more than mre ty Ce eC ee Breer verre aoe co Benengeli will be “son of the deer” or cerventofo, that isto evo ee ee ies ce eer cet et aero ‘Quixote are exactly the same. That is to say, he himself ree We Mea Pare eed Pee een ene Tem Cees eT eee een MR a Pie ee ey Poe a ec Eee eee 7 Cee ee eRe}‘The pen is the tongue of the mind. (Miguel de Cervantes) Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quixote, Unauthorized First Editon, Valencia, 1605, Rare Book Division, The New York Public Libray, New York Cte eS eee ur)‘The pen is the tongue of the mind. (Miguel de Cervantes) Cee oe Le ee ea as Sa Lae eens Ee ee ee a eer ee ne eed “iidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha was released in 1614, authored by an Alonso Fernandez de Avellaneda — a nom de plume whose identity remains a mystery to cara the book’s unauthorized nature and its preface’s personal attacks on Ce nce Ce ce Sr) Pe sa Pree ean Ree ee eee ey CONTINUATION HISTORY Perera etree Ee ene eral ee Rn ert an Petron cnt orients — Daan Pe ate en er Oe ed otros Quixote, Preto ans aoe ae FATE ETAT ee eT a OMT Yo ESrrerirry ead oaneeree se) cero Oe rena ey Félix Hortensio de Paravicino Pree a eee eny Fee eid Pree rene Perera! Pr erent are eect ing Pre POR Freres Me er Ney Fen ner Peer m eve PeeRe a kee) A Recovered Lecture of J. L. Borges on Peers Ceo era Ce Ce) a core ee ‘Saavedra, who wrote the Book. So [there is) peer er an roe ‘and who, in his tur, dreams about Ces Se nd eee Ca eer ieee errnin Coeur) literary judgements and they take the side reared eRe ued eet ier cs coments en eed Pomc es UO Oren Ly Perea nt One SEES Berg Collection, The New York Public Library, New York rome ae ern Ur Ditector-Editor, 1974. PN Te Pe TE TTY‘The meaning did not precede the dream; the dream preceded the meaning. So the way to read the tale is to let the imagination carry one eT ee De ott ee nao) Cee rts either of the authorized 1605 THE Reet |HISTORY Cen a ‘dition published in Brussels, in the Spanish Netherlands, in 1607. Beer Cee cot Crane Ee Ce ee er cerry ‘Quixote in 1616, the year of, Cervantes's death, Shelton eee ents completing his task in 1620, and printing at the same time a revised Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quixote, Part|, Translated by Thomas Shelton, 1612, Berg ee a Collection, The New York Public Library, New York (photos Myriam Sénchez Posada de Arteni) Ce Nee eno aad Cee ae er) ‘Thomas Shelton, 1620, Berg Collection, The New York ‘Translation by Thomas Shelton, 1626, Berg Collection, usec MG OARS (photo Myriam Sanchez Posada de Arteni) (photo Myriam Sanchez Posada de Arteni)Writing is nothing more than a guided dream. (Jorge Luis Borges) eT eee Teta OR Cres paid to perform six plays at court; onthe lis, alongside Brera ened oy ee etry re) DA rekon eset) ‘company received a substantial sum for a command Deere ener ety Duke of Savoy. And later inthe century a London print registered Cardenio for publication and listed the play's authors as William Shakespeare and John Fletcher. John Pre oe Ure eas Cicer collaborator. Together they wrote the history play Henry Per ey re en ey ce noe en eee eater oes ee es Creer tempers ore ken ited ere ieecy known. And in the eighteenth century the distinguished ‘Shakespeare editor and playwright, Lewis Theobald, St eerie ad of Cardenio. Following the custom of his age, Theobald improved” what he had found and produced the highly ree ar eee at ney Peres er et meen eas Pee eer) Co err re eae vory existonce ofthis manuscript was called into question Pee etd ‘sophisticated computer studies, that Theobald may have PeersWhen Don Quixote went out into the world, that world turned into a mystery before his eyes. (Milan Kundera) Inthe preface to the Novelas Exemplares, Miguel de Cervantes ‘says that Juan de Jaure gui y Aguilar (1883-1841) painted his COR ee eed Peer toned oot arenias ta pean kaso SO Lac eT hitps//easatagomago.com: RCE rer ear ee Lorne eT CT A TTT Miguel de Cervantes, Novelas Exemplares, Brussels, 1614, Rare Book Division, The New York Public Library, Pn Onur‘The image of the labyrinth... would be justified by the use of narrative techniques based on labyrinthine construction, that are specific tothe Byzantine or Pech tes nen er Pace et ee eR eric gen AC ie ea ete eta sti rt) Cece aon res, Miguel de Cervantes writs: Se ee ers UL od ‘Simon Vouet (1890-1649), Chariclea Led Away by the Pirates from the series Theagenes and CChariclea (based on Aethiopica or Theagenes and Ce ere) Miguel de Cervantes, Los Trabajos De Persiles ¥ Sigismunda, Paris, Pee eet eer a ete ca ee ee a en Sa) Oe US eer)Cee et cea acy ‘Salvador Dall, The Labyrinth fremont Errata tara TEUCUV VT ee nee eee Eee em eee ee eSDee era rane Pee eer ee ee Neen Re cea] pret cs Corvantes has become marginalized...an inner exile, and that Peer soe rt er ar L ato Perry Peake oer aod reenter mariteoni Se ea aN Pe rere eT Scored tee eee es 0.117” Ces Ce eae ee cae oni) Eros MT or UC Ronee ea erie eee es personal expectations, which radically distanced them from Cee Ceca Cee) Cookers rere Te ee aN Teen ees prrenenerninentn eset inti tener ER ec recr eta El Greco's use of Toledo as the backdrop for his ner) Cua oe Cee eRe Lee Roce On ee enn Niecyee y ee) Don Quichotte de la Manche Iilystré de lthographies originales par Salvador Dali, Ree Oe SA AL Es ea ne a kc (ome tiene ete)Ca cey Ean Peery esas neces eed Dali, et Cr ee ay Caner ‘Spencer Collection, The Tenor nan ronan ees Donen ren)on Quixote illustrated by Salvador Dai, Coe CarEpoere Re ecceere eee Peea acon i Dau ene El Quijon eu eeu)Py Cea) ‘Sancho, vezi tu cum ne duce Nea Rc fe) See et as ey ee ont) Cor ens Pires ee rerio ees Cree eee eee ee Errno pete tenes SCC oe Te oo) Per pore es uo ‘Sancho, do you see how twisted fate Por ad cee te eos ‘Sancho, do you see signs far away, peer res Or ae ce ed Pee TSS eu a {Are they ogres, wonderworking? rere mene Or the windmills are just angels Peed ert ree eres em ees Pet aoe ere eee tet eee tn Pee ere res Pee erect rn ‘obscure them, and cannot be seen with Cece Cos ng ‘Antonio de Filippo (1900-1983), Don Quixote and Sancho Panza, 1927, Cee a at anc Ce Sees era}There is no creation without tradition; the ‘new’ is an inflection on a preceding form: Panaee ere tees one tin) eed ee ea (photos Stefan Arteni) ee earn) entice any ‘A manuseript annotation..found in Spain in a copy UN ee eee es ee ee rr hrs Prete Mediterranean Studies Nicos Hadjnicolau to Peer ee ee tte belioved - was an advocate of Byzantine painting errr ers) Cea In ee ea geet ne Carr cre is Peer cet eee Ror nc es Sern Co ean eg cad oe ray ee eran at eas nent Ree eu Med Gorera ra teraes Cert ceed Pete seer treet nt WOR) first rere Presometene ieee res rat?Itis the power of memory that gives rise to the power of imagination. (Akira Kurosawa) SoU Bre eS (ice cae cu) re eng Sere Micomicona ee Srnec Femando and DoroteaSee ee ee Ce aC te) Secure u cath BUD re le (nee cuba) Sn a ee end rer ‘The Wooden Horse of Malambruno See oeDe eR ae or eS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We owe thanks to Conrado “Bobby” Gempesaw Ph.D., ee ee eae ue unc d Moller, Ph.D., Senior Vice Provost, St. John’s University, NOAA emer mes fee E teeters each ene ECCS nt | Literatures at St. John’s University, New York; Monica eee ae Pee et Re UR CSU uke New York Public Library for their patience and courtesy: Isaac Gewitz Ph.D., Marycatherine Kinniburg and Joshua Mckeon (Berg Collection); Vincenzo Rutigliano and Te eee USC Cees Le ct) Peano eae ert aa eu ett RE ee SCR enue eur Coca t Grid Book Division - Manuscripts and Archives Division); ee kee ar ORE Rerun orcas Cece Re Sa CeO ur Laur) Da Oat ec aU ea pie uur eae ee ce ke COOL UG Ree ne esc oe