TIMBER DESIGN

BENDING STRESS
MC
fb=
1
6M
fb=
bd
M
fb=
S
fb=bending stress

b d2 (
S= section modulus )
6
I =moment of inertia at t h e neutral axis
bd
I=
12
d
c=
2

SHEARING STRESS
VQ
fv=
Ib
fv=s h earing stress
V =max . vertical s h ear
Q=statical moment of area
Q= A y
bd d
Q=
2 4

b d2
Q=
8
I =moment of inertia at neutral axis

b d3
I=
12
b=widt h at critical s h ear
1 For rectangular section:
3V
fv=
2bd
2 For triangular section :
bd
I=
36
b d d
Q=
( )( )( )
2 2 3
=
b d2
2 24
b
b=
2

VQ
fv=
Ib
2
bd
V
24
fv= 3
bd b
36 2

3V
fv=
bd
2
2
3V
fv=
2A
3 For circular crosssection :
VQ
fv=
Ib

r4
I=
4
Q= Ay
r2 4r
Q=
2 3
2
Q= r 3
3
b=2r
2
V r3
3
fv= 4
r
2r
4
 4v
fv= 2
3 r

4V
fv=
3A

Allowable Bending Stress

A) Size Factor Adjustment

When the depth of a rectangular sawn lumber bending member 125 mm or
thicker exceeds 300 mm, the allowable bending stress Fb shall be multiplied
by the size factor Cf .
1/ 9
300
Where Cf = ( )
d
F b' =CfFb
Cf =
d=depthof beam

For beams of circular cross section having a diameter greater than 340 mm the
size factor Cf may be determined on the basis of an equivalent conventionally
loaded square beam.

300 1/ 9
Cf = ( )
d
D
=d
4

d 2= ( 340 )2
4
d=301.3>300 mm

Note: The size factor adjustment shall not apply to visually graded lumber 50 mm
to 100 mm thick or to machine stress-rated lumber.

B) Form Factor

Beam Section Form Factor

Circular 1.180
Square 1.414

The form factor shall be cumulative with the size factor adjustment except for
lumber I-beams and box beams.
 Allowable Bending Stress for Laterally Unbraced Beams with Less
Variability

Slenderness Factor
When the depth of a bending member exceeds its breadth, lateral support maybe
required and the slenderness factor Cs shall be computed using the relation:

Cs=
Led
b
Cs=slenderness ratio
=effective length of beam
d=depthof beam
b=breadth of beam
Effective length of Beams

Type of Beam Span and Nature of Effective length Le

Load: Le = 1.61 Lu
1 Single span beam, load concentrated Le = 1.92 Lu
at center Le = 1.84 Lu
2 Single span beam, uniformly Le = 1.69 Lu
distributed load Le = 1.06 Lu
3 Single span beam, equal end
moments
4 Cantilever beam, load concentrated at
unsupported end
5 Cantilever beam, uniformly distributed
load
6 Cantilever beam, uniformly distributed
load with concentrated load at cantilever
end.
7 Single span, or cantilever beam, any
other load.
Lu=unsupported length of beam (mm).
A.Short Beam
When Slenderness factor Cs<10 Use F b' =Fb
B. Intermediate Beam
When Cs>10 but less than C k
Where C k =0.956
E
Fb
For glued-laminated beam and machine stress-rated lumber

[ ( )]
F b' =Fb 1 .
1 Cs
3 Ck

C. Long Beam:
0.609 E
F b' = For glued-laminated beam and machine stress-rated lumber
Cs

48. Problem:

A single span beam having an unsupported span of 20 m. carries a uniform load

of W kN/M throughout its span. The beam has a cross section of 150 mm x 600
mm. Allowable bending stress of the wood is Fb = 12.4 MPa with a modulus
elasticity of 13800 MPa.

1 Compute the allowable bending stress with size factor adjustment.

2 Compute the allowable bending stress with slenderness factor adjustment.
3 Compute the load W that the beam could carry.

Solution:

1 Size factor adjustment:

d >300 mm
300 1 /9
Cs= ( )d
1 /9
300
Cs= ( )
600
Cs=0.926

Allowable bending stress

0.926 ( 12.4 )
11.48 MPa

2 Slenderness factor adjustment:

=1.92 Lu ( uniformly distributed load )

=1.92 ( 20,000 )
=38,400mm
 Cs=

Led
b

Cs=

Cs=32

38400 ( 600 )
( 150 )
2

C k =0.811

E
Fb
C k =0.811
C k =27.06

13800
12.4

Cs>C k but <50

Use:
0.438 E
fb=
( Cs )2

0.438 ( 13800 )
fb=
( 32 )2
fb=5.9 MPa

3 Safe Load W
6M
fb= 2
bd
6M
5.9=
( 150 ) ( 600 )2
'
M =53.1 kN . m
WL
M=
8
W ( 20 )2
53.1=
8
kN
W =1.062
m
N
W =1062
m