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Vn.Myriad,10,000all.
Vnbtthinthgii.The18,000easterlyworldslightedbytherayfromBuddha'sbrow.
Vncnh.Allrealms,allregions.
Vnc.Allvirtues.
Vnhnh.Allprocedures,allactions,alldisciplines,ormodesofsalvation.
Vnphp.Allthings,everythingthathasnoumenalandorphenomenalexistence.
Vnphpnhtnh.Theabsoluteineverythingtheultimaterealitybehindeverything.
Vnphpnhttm.Myriadthingsbutonemindallthingsasnoumenal.
Vnthin.Allgoodness,allgoodworks.
Vnt.Thesauvastika,alsostyledsrivatsalaksana,themarkonthebreastofVisnuthelightningasunsymbolasignofallpoweroverevilandallfavourtothe
goodasignshownontheBuddha'sbreast.OneofthemarksonaBuddha'sfeet.
Vng.Togogonepasttobegoingto,future.
Vnglai.Togoandcomebacktogotoandfro.
Vngsinh.Thefuturelife,thelifetowhichanyoneisgoingtogotobeborninthePureLandofAmitbhaBuddha.(1)vngtnghihngtotransferone'smerits
toallbeingsthattheymayattainthePureLandofAmitbha.(2)hontnghihnghavingbeenborninthePureLandtoreturntomortalityandbyone'smeritsto
bringmortalstothePureLand.
Vngsinhquytnhchnngn.MantrafortherebirthinthePureLand.
Vn.Toheartomakeknowntotosmell.
Vndanh.Tohearthenameoffame,famoustohearthenameofBuddha,oraBuddha.
Vnlani.Tohearandkeep,hearandandremembertheteachinglanimeaningtoholdto,maintain.
Vnphp.Tohearthedoctrine.
VnSctngi.Ktyana(S).AlsoCachindin.
VnthslBtt.ManjusriBodhisattva.
Vntrtu.XemVntu.
Vntr.Tohearandkeephearingandkeepinginmindhearingandobeying,
Vntu.Hearingthewordandbecomewiseinitwisdomobtainedfromhearing.
Vn.Megha(S).Cloud,cloudy,abundant.
Vnbn.Asortofcloudshapedgong,strucktoindicatethehour.
Vnng.Theassemblyhallofamonastery,becauseofthemassedcongregation.
Vnhuynhthy.Brothersormenofthecloudandwaters,fellowmonks.
VnlimtvnghoatrPht.Jaladharagarjitaghosasusvaranaksatrarjasankusumitbhijna(S).ABuddhapossessingthewisdomoftheThundergodand
oftheflowerystars.
Vnlimvmg.Meghadundubhisvararja.XemVnlimtcvnghoatrPht.
Vnmn.TheCloudgatemonasteryinQungng,fromwhichVnYnderivedhistittle,helivedearlyinthetenthcenturyandfoundedtheVnMnthintng.
Vntm.Cloudedheart,depressed.
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Vntp.Flockinglikeclouds,agreatassembly.
Vi.Sksma(S).Minute,small,slightabstruse,subtledisguisenottranslitvi,bi.Usedinthesenseofamoleculeseventimeslargerthanccvianatom.
Vidiu.Abstruse,recondite,mysterious.
Vidiuphp.XemAtm,Attma.
Vi.Theguardianfacingthemainhallofatemple.
Vilun.XemPh,V.
Vihi.Vaidehi(S).WifeofBimbisraandmotherofAjtasastru.
Vihnh.Minute,refined,orsubtleaction.
Vimt.Mysterious,secret,occult.
Vinu.Visnu(S).Allpervading,encompassing"thepreserver"intheTrimrtiBrahmcreator,Visnupreserver,Sivadestroyer.
Vit.Minute,fine,refined,subtle.
Vitiuti.Minute,minoroffencetothelaw.
Vitrn.Anu(S).Amolecule.Atomicelement.
Vitrns.Numerousasmolecules,oratomsnumberless.
V.Notyet,thefuture.
Vlai,nglai.Angata(S).Thatwhichhasnotcome,orwillcomethefuture,e.g.vlaithafuturelife,orlivesalsothefuturetense,oneofthetamth,i.e.qu
past,hinpresent,vfuture.
Vliunhn.Thekarmaofpastlifenotyetfulfilled.
Vsinhon.Ajatasatru(S).XemAxth.
Vtnghu.Adbhuta(S).Neveryetbeen,nonsuch,rare,marvellous.Alsohihu.
Vtnghukinh.Adbhutadharmaparyya(S).OneofthetwelvedivisionsoftheCanon.
V.Rasa(S).Taste,flavour,thesenseoftaste.Oneofthesixsensations.
Vdc,vtrc.Thetastedesire,hankeringafterthepleasuresoffood,etc.
Vtrn.Tastedustoneofthesix"particles"whichformthematerialormediumofsensation.
Viclnh.Punya(S).Gooddeed.
Vim.Blazing,burning.
Vimnhitangc.Tapana(S).Thehellofburningorroasting,thesixthoftheeighthothells,where24hoursequal2,600yearsonearth.
Vin.Park,garden.Lcdvin,Mrgadava(S).Deerpark.Trcvin.Venuvana(S),Bamboopark.Cpccvin,Jetavana(S).GardenoftheprinceJeta.
Vin.Round,allround,fullorbed,inclusive,allembracing,whole,perfect,complete.
Vinm.Theallembracing,perfectvoice.
Vinc.Thepotentialityofbecomingfullyenlightenedatonce.
Vinc.Wholeandcomplete.
Vincc.Inclusivetotheuttermostabsoluteperfection.
Vindiu.Themysteryofthe"perfect"school,i.e.thecompleteharmonyofkhnggitrungnoumenon,phenomenon,andthemiddleway.
Vindung.Completecombinationtheabsoluteintherelativeandviceversatheidentityofapparentcontrariesperfectharmonyamongalldifferences,asinwater

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andwaves,passionsandenlightenment,transmigrationandnirvna,orlifeanddeath,etcallareofthesamefundamentalnature,allarechnnhbhtatathat,and
bhtatathatisall.
Vino.Theperfectway.
Vinn.Roundaltaracompletegroupofobjectsofworship,amandala.
Vinon.TheThinThaidoctrineofthecompletecuttingoff,atoneremove,ofthethreeillusions,i.e.kintassociatedwithkhng,trnsawithgi,vminhwith
trung.
Vinn.Completeandimmediate.
Vinngio.Thecompleteimmediateteaching,thatofThinThai.
Vingic.Completeenlightenmentpotentiallypresentineachbeing,forallhavebngicprimalawareness,orchntmthetrueheart(e.g.conscience),whichhas
alwaysremainedpureandshiningconsideredasessenceitisthenhttmonemind,consideredcausallyitistheNhlaitngTathgatagarbha,consideredinits
resultitisvingicperfectenlightenment.
Vingio.Thecomplete,perfect,orcomprehensivedoctrinetheschoolorsectofMahynawhichrepresentsit.Thetermhashadthreereferences.Thefirstwas
byQuangThng,sixthcentury,whodefinedthreeshools,Timgradual,nimmediate,Vininclusiveorcomplete.TheThinThaicalleditsfourthsectioninclusive,
complete,orperfectteachingVin,theotherthreebeingTngHnayna,ThngMhaynacumHnayna,BitMahyna.TheHoaNghimsocalleditsfifthsection,
i.e.Tiutha,ithathygio,ithachunggio,ngioandVingio.
Vinhi.Theallembracingocean,i.e.theperfectionorpoweroftheTathgata.
Vinhp.Allembracing,allinclusive.
Vinkhng.Completevacuity,i.e.khngkhng,fromwhicheventheideaofvacuityisabsent.
Vinmn.Pari(S).Completelyfullwhollycompletethefulfillingofthewhole,i.e.thatthepartcontainsthewholetheabsoluteintherelative.
Vinmnkinh.Thecomplete,orallinclusivestra,atermappliedtotheHoaNghimkinh.
Vinmt.ThecompleteteachingofThinThaiandtheesotericteaching.Alsotheharmonyofbothasone.
Vinng.Completelytoapprehendthetruth.InThinThai,thecompleteapprehensionatthesametimeofnoumenon,phenomenon,andthemiddleway.
VinPht.TheBuddhaofthe"perfect"school,theperfectpanBuddhaembracingallthingsineverydirectionthedharmakyaVairocanaidentifiedwithSkyamuni.
Vinquang.Thehalo,oraura,surroundingtheheadofaBuddha,etc.
Vinqu.Perfectfruit,nirvna.
Vintm.Theperfectmind,themindthatseeksperfection,i.e.nirna.
Vinthnh.Completeperfection.
Vinthnhthttnh.Parinispanna(S).Theperfecttruenature,absolutereality,thebhtatathat.
VinthnhV.Vednta(S).LasttextsofVeda.AlsoVn.
Vinthng.Universallypenetratingsupernaturalpowersofomnipresenceuniversalitybywisdomtopenetratethenatureortruthofallthings.
Vinthngtammui.Thevarioussamdhiofsupernaturalpowersofthetwentyfive"greatones"oftheLngnghimkinhSurangamastra.
Vinthngis.Theomnipresenthearerofthosewhocall,QunThmBtt.
Vintha.Theallcompletevehicle,thefinalteachingofBuddha.
Vintch.Perfectrest,i.e.parinirvnatheperfectionofallvirtueandtheeliminationofallevil,releasefromthemiseriesoftransmigrationandentranceintothe
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Vintn.Completefaiththefaithofthe"perfect"school.AThinThaidoctrinethatamoment'sfaithembracetheuniverse.
Vintng.ThesectofthecompleteorfinalBuddhatruth,i.e.ThinThai.
Vintu.(1)ToobservethecompleteThinThaimeditation,atoneandthesametimetocomprehendthethreeideasofkhnggitrung(2)tokeepalltheprecepts
perfectly.
VintuTnh.TokeepalltheteachingofPureLandperfectly.
Vin.Far,distant,farremoved.
VinCng.Zendo(J).FounderofthePureLandsectinChina.AlsoTuVin.
Vinhnha.Dramgambhumi(S).TheseventhoftheTenGroundsofBodhisattva.
Vinli.Vivarjana(S).Leaveafaroff,befarremovedabsoluteseparationofunconditionedrealityfromtherealmofphenomena.Abandoning,abstainingfrom.
Vinlilc.Thejoyofthefirstdhynaheaven,inwhichthedefilementofdesireisleftfarbehindinmysticcontemplation.
Vinlinhtthitchphnbit.Sarvakalpanvirahitam(S).Freefromallformsofdiscrimination.
Vinlisduyn.Alambnavigata(S).
Vintrnlicu.Naiskramya(S).Tobefarremovedfromthedustanddefilementoftheworld.
VinHao.InstituteforthePropagationoftheDharma.VintrngVinHao:HeadoftheInstituteforthePropagationoftheDharma.
VinTngThng.TheSanghaCouncil.Tngthng:SupremePatriarchoftheSanghaCouncil.
Vnhcu.Santa(S).Eternal,forever.AlsoBtdit.
Vnhcuchngha.Ssvatavda(S).Eternalism.
Vit.Tostepover,passover,surpass,exceedsimilartosiu,withwhichitisoftenconnected.
Vithtammui.ThesamdhiofYasodhar,wifeofprinceSiddhartaandmotherofRahula,whichcausesallkindsofjoytoselfandothers.
Vitnam.Vighna(S).AveryrichpersoninBenaresbutmean.
Vittamgiibtt.TheBodhisattvawhohassurpassedthethreerealms(desire,form,formless)
Vitti.Exceedingsin,ortransgressionofthelaw,particularlyofesotericlawormonasticvows.
Vng.Mithy(S).False,untrue,erroneous,wild.
Vngchp.Falsetenets,holdingontowrongviews.
Vngduyn.Theunrealityofone'senvironmentalsothecausesoferroneousideas.
Vngkin.Mithyadrsti(S).Falseviews(ofreality),Wrongviews.
Vngngn,vngthuyt.Falsewords,ortalklies.
Vngng.Mithyamrga(S).Wrongspeech.
Vngnhim,vngphong.Thespreadofliesorfalseideas.
Vngnim.Falseormisleadingthoughts.
Vngphp.Bhrnti(S).Error,illconduct.
Vngtm.Awrong,false,ormisleadingmind.
Vngtmsthdanhngha.Parikalpitbhidhna(S).Thenetofphraseologywovenbyerronousimagination.
Vngtrn.Theunrealanduncleanworld.
Vngtng.Erroneousthinking.

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VngMinhPht.LightnetBuddha.
V.SanskritA,orbeforeavowelAn,similartoEnglishUn,In,inanegativesensenot,no,none,nonexistentoppositeofhu.Vnhtnoonevnhv
tamneithertwonorthree,butonlynhtthaonevehicle.
Vi.Withoutlove,orcraving,orattachment.
Vnhtng.Nirbhsa(S).Withoutimageorshadow,withoutsemblanceorappearance.
Vbt.Adoublenegative,makingapositivealsovphi,vmt.
Vbin.Ananta(S).Endless,boundless.limitless,infinite,i.e.likespace.
VbinhnhBtt.InfinitevirtuesBodhisattva.
Vbinphpgii.Theinfiniteworldofthingstherealmofthingsinfiniteinnumbertheinfiniteuniversebehindallphenomena.
VbinquangPht.TheimmeasurablelightBuddha.
VbinthnNhlai.TheimmeasurablebodyoftheBuddha.
Vbinthgii.Theinfiniteworld,i.e.spacealsoinfiniteworldsthenumberlessworldsininfinitespace.
Vbiu.Avijnapti(S).Unconscious,latent,notexpressed,subjective.Internalandnotvisibletoothers.
Vci.Thatwhichcannotbecoveredorcontained,universalalsothatwhichincludesall,acharacteristicofthepityofBuddha.
Vciibi.Uncontainable,orsuperlative,pity.
Vcntn.FaithproducednotofoneselfbutbyBuddhaintheheart.
Vcu.Vimala,amala(S).Undefiled,stainless.
Vcua.Thestageofundefilement,thesecondstageofaBodhisattvaalsoappliedtothefinalstagebeforeattainingBuddhahood.
Vcunhn.Thestageofundefiledendurance.
Vcuthc.Amalavijnna(S).Undefiledorpureconsciousness,formerlyconsidersedastheninth,laterastheeighthconsciousness.
Vcuy.Thestainlessgarment,themonasticrobeofpurity.
Vchngtnh.Thenaturewithouttheseedofgoodnessandsounabletoescapefromthestreamoftransmigration.
Vcngdng.Withouteffort.Vcngdngc,withoutmeritorvirtue.
Vduyn.Causeless,withoutimmediatecausalconnection,uncaused,underived,independent.
Vduyntammui.Anilambha(S)."Undroppedsamdhi",inwhichallmentalfunctionsceasetoconnectwithenvironmentandceasetofunction.
Vduynt.Uncausedcompassion.
Vduyntha.Thevehicle,ormethod,ofthesubjectivemind,bywhichallexistenceisseenasmentalandnotexternal.TheVduynthatmisthesixthof
thethptrstage.
Vd.Asesa(S).Noreminder,noremnant,finalappliedtothesectionoftheVinayaregardingexpulsionforunpardonablesinfrmthemonkhoodalsotofinal
nirvnawithoutremainderforreincarnation.
Vdk.Completeorfinalprediction,e.g.toBuddhahood,ascontrastedwithpartialprediction.
Vd(y)Nitbn.Anupadhisesa(S).Thenirvnastateinwhichexistsnoremainderofthekarmaofsuffering.
Vng.Asama(S).Unequal,unequalledtheonewitoutequal,Buddha.
Vngng.Asamasama(S).Ofrankunequalled,orequalwiththeunequalled,BuddhaandBuddhism.
Vnggic.TheunequalledenlightenmentpossessedbyBuddhas.

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Vngtha.Theunequalledvehicle,Mahyna.
Vng.Aksobhya(S).Imperturbable,calm,serene,unagitated.AlsoBtng.
VngPht.AksobhyaBuddha(S).ImperturbableBuddha.AlsoBtngPht,AscPht.
Viquang.Incomparablelight.
Vgiihi.MoksaMahparisad(S).Councilconvokedeveryfiveyears.
Vgin.Avici(S).Uninterrupted,unseparated,withoutintermission.
Vginangc.TheAvicihell,thelastoftheeighthothells,inwhichpunishment,pain,form,birth,deathcontinuewithoutintermission.
Vginnghip.Theunintermittedkarma,orunintermittedpunishmentforanyofthefiveunpardonablesins.
Vhusinht.Nomorebirthanddeath,thebodhisattvawhowillnotagainbesubjecttothewheeloftransmigration.
Vhiunghip.Ahosikamma(P).Ineffectivekarma.
Vhnhtng.Nirbhsa(S).Noappearance,nosplendour.AlsoVnhtng.
Vhc.Asaiksa(S).Nolongerlearning,beyondstudy,thestateofarhatship.
Vhco.Thewayofarhat,especiallyhisattainmenttocompletetruthandfreedomfromallillusion,withnothingmoretolearn.
Vkhvlai.Neithergoingnorcoming,eternallikethedharmakya.
Vk.Avykrta,avykhyta(S).Unrecordable(eitherasgoodorbad)neutral,neithergoodnorbadthingsthatareinnocent,orcannotbeclassifiedundermoral
categories.
Vkinnhtng.Theusnisa,orlump,onBuddha'shead,called"theinvisiblemarkonthehead"becauseitwassupposedtocontainaninvisiblesign.
Vlu.Ansrava(S).Nodrip,leak,orflowoutsidethepassionstreampassionlessoutsidethestream(oftransmigratorysuffering)awayfromthedownflowinto
lowerformsofrebirth.
Vlucn.Thethreerootswhichproducepureknowledge.
Vluo.Thewayofpurity,ordeliverancefromthepassion.
Vlumn.Asravaksayajnna(S).Entryintospiritualknowledgefreefromallfaults.
Vlunhn.Passionlesspurityasacauseforattainingnirvna.
Vluphp.Thewayofpurity,orescapefromthepassionandlowertransmigration.
Vluphptnh.Thepure,passionlessdharmanature.
Vluqu.Theresultoffollowingthewayofgii,nh,tu,i.e.purity,meditation,andwisdom,withliberationfromthepassionsandfromlowerincarnation.
Vluthttng.Realityaspassionlessorpure.
Vlutihuthn.Thefinalpureorpassionlessbody.
Vlutr.Passionlessknowledge.
Vlutu.Passionless,orpure,wisdom,orenlightenment.
Vlng.Apramna,amita,ananta(S).Immeasurable,unlimited,e.g.the"fourinfinite"characteristicsofaBodhisattvaaretbihx,lovingkindness,
compassion,joyandequanimity.
Vlnggic.Infiniteenlightenment,nameofAmtbha.
VlnglcBtt.TheBodhisattvawithInfinitePower.
Vlngngha.Infinitemeaning,orthemeaningofinfinitythemeaningoftheall,orofallthings.

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Vlngnghaxtammui.Anantanirdesapratisthnasamdhi(S).TheconcentrationintowhichtheBuddhaisrepresentedasenteringbeforepreachingthe
doctrineofinfinityasgivenintheLotusstra.
Vlngquang.Apramnnha(S).Immeasurable,orinfinitelightorsplendour.
VlngquangPht.AmitbhaBuddha.
Vlngquangthin.Apramnbha(S).Theheavenofboundlesslight,thefifthoftheBrahmalokas.
Vlngtm.Infinitemind,themindofInfinity,themindaslargeasinfinity.
VlngtinhtinPht.MeasurelessvigourBuddha.
Vlngtnhthin.Apramnasubha(S).Boundlesspurity,thesecondoftheheavensinthethirddhynaheavensofform.
VlngthanhtnhPht.TheBuddhaofboundlesspurity,Amitbha.
Vlngthkinh.Sukhvativyhastra(S).StraoftheAmitabhaBuddha.
VlngthPht.Boundless,measureless,infinitelife,anameofAmitbha.
VlngtrngPht.MeasurelesscurtainBuddha.
Vlngtu.Infinitewisdom,atermappliedtoaBuddha.
VlngtngPht.MeasurelessappearanceBuddha.
Vlng.Anantamati(S).Boundlessmind,intention,will,ormeaning.
Vminh.Avidy(S).Ignorance,andinsomesensesMay,illusionitisdarknesswithoutillumination,theignorancewhichmistakesseemingforbeing,orillusory
phenomenaforrealitiesitisalsointp.asSi,ignorant,stupid,fatuousbutitmeansgenerally,unenlightened,unillumined.TheKhitnlundistinguishestwokinds
asCnbntheradical,fundamental,originaldarknessorignoranceconsideredasaVthyVminhprimalcondition,andChimt"branchandtwig"conditions,
consideredasphenomenal.Avidyisalsothefirst,orlastofthetwelvenidnas.
Vminhhoc.Theillusionarisingfromprimalignorancewhichcoversandhindersthetruthoftheviamedia.
Vminhkt.Thebondofignorance.
Vminhkin.Viewsproducedbyignorance,ignorantperceptionofphenomena.
Vminhlu.Unenlightenment,orignorance,thecauseofthestreamoftransmigration.
Vminhphptnhnhtth.AvidyandBhtatathatareofthesamenature,asareiceandwatertheiceofavidyisthewaterofallthings,thesourceoutof
whichallenlightenmenthascome.
Vminhph.Ignoranceasfatheranddesireasmotherproducetheego.
Vminhnghipi.Ajnnakarmatrsn(S).Ignorance,karma,desirethethreeforcesthatcausereincarnation.
Vminhs.Oneofthetenlictors,messengersormisleaders,i.e.ofignorance,whodrivesbeingsintothechainoftransmigration.
Vminhtng.Thestorehouseofignorance.
Vminhtra.Thefifthofthefivetra,i.e.thefundamentalunenlightenedcondition,thesourceornucleusofignorancealsoignoranceastothenatureof
things,i.e.oftheirfundamentalunreality.
Vmntng.Theunsectarian,Thintngormeditativesect,socalledbecauseitclaimedtoderiveitsauthoritydirectlyromthemindofBuddha.
Vmtthc.XemAlidathc.
Vnng.Unable,withoutpower.
Vnngthng.Ajita(S).Invincible,unsurpassable,unconquerable,especiallyappliedtoDilcBttMaitreyaBodhisattva.AlsoAdta.

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VnmgthngPhanvngNhlaitrangnghimlanikinh.Dhvajgrakayridhrani
Vng.Antman,nairtmya(S).Noego,nosoul(ofanindependentandselfcontainedcharacter),impersonal,noindividualindependentexistence(ofconsciousor
unconsciousbeings,antmaka).
Vngtngkinh.Anattlakkhanastta(P).SuttaoftheCharacteristicsofNonEgo.
Vngi.Apratihata(S).Unhindered,withoutobstacle,resistless,withoutresistance,permeatingeverywhere,allpervasive,dynamicomnipresencewhichenters
everywherewithouthindrancelikethelightofacandle.
Vnginhn.Theunhinderedone,theBuddha,whounbarredthewaytonirvna,whichreleasesfromalllimitationstheomnipresentonetheonewhorealizes
nirvnatruth.
VngiquangPht.TheBuddhawiththeallpervasivelightorglory,Amitbha.
VngiquangPhttr.TheomniscienceofBuddha.
Vnghi.Undoubted,withoutdoubt.
Vngn.Withoutwords,silent,speechless.
Vngnthuyto.Theway,orteaching,withoutspeechtheschoolwhichteachesthatspeakingofthingsisspeakingofnothing,orthenonexistentthe
acquisitionoftruththroughcontemplationwithouttheaidofwords.
Vnguyn.Apranihita(S).Desireless.
Vnh.Advaya(S).Nonduality.
Vnhit.Anavatapta(S).Heatless.
Vnhitthin.Anavatapta,orAtaptaheavenwithoutheatoraffliction.
Vnhittr.Anavatpta(S).MythicallakeoftheKingofNgas.
Vnim.Withoutathoughtwithoutrecollectionabsenceoffalseideasorthoughts,i.e.correctideasorthoughtsapartfromthought.
Vphnbit.Nirvikalpa(S).Nondiscriminating.
Vphnbittm.Themindfreefromparticularization,especiallyfromaffectionandfeelingspassionless.
Vphnbittr.Nirvikalpajnna(S).Mindfreefromdiscriminating.
Vphnbitphp.Theabsolutedharmaunderlyingallparticulardharmas,theabsoluteascontrastedwiththerelative.
Vphin.Freefromtrouble.
Vphinthin.ThethirteenthBrahmaloka,thefifthregionofthefourthdhyna.
Vphng.Noplace,nowhereunlimitedtoplaceandmethod,i.e.Buddha'spower.
Vsc.Arpa(S).Formless,shapeless,immaterial.
Vscdc.Arparga(S).Cravingforimmaterialexistence.
Vscgii.Arpaloka,arpadhtu(S).Theheavenswithoutform,immaterial,consistingonlyofmindincontemplation,beingfourinnumber,whicharedefined
asTkhngthinCatrpabrahmaloka,andgivenasKhngvbinx,ksanantyyatanaThcvbinx,vijnnnatyyatanaVshux,akincany
yatanaPhitngphiphitngx,naivasamjnnasamjnyatana.
Vschu.Existenceintheformlessorimmaterialrealm.
Vsctham.Thedesireintheworldwithoutformofholdingontotheillusionofcontemplation.
Vsinh.Anutpanna,anutpatti(S).Notborn,withoutbeingbornorproduceduncreatednorebirthimmortalnirvnaasnotsubjecttobirthanddeath,or

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reincarnation,andwhichnegatesthemtheconditionoftheabsolute.
Vsinhmn.Thedoctrineofrealityasbeyondbirth,orcreation,i.e.thatofthebhtatathat,thegateorshoolofimmortality.
Vsinhnhn.Thepatientrestinbeliefinimmortality,ornorebirth.
Vsinhphp.Thelawofnobirth,orimmortality,asthefundamentallawofthechnnhandtheembodimentofnirvna.
Vsinhphpnhn.Anutpattikdharmaksnti(S).Endurance,patienceofthepractitionerwhohaspenetratedthetruth,allthingsareunborn.
Vsinhthn.Theimmortalone,i.e.thedharmakya.
Vsinhtr.Thefinalknowledgeattainedbytharhat,hisreleasefromthechainoftransmigration.Also,theknowledgeofthebodhisattvaoftheassuranceof
immortality,ornorebirth.
Vs.Asamkhyeya(S).Numberless.
Vs.Nothing,nowhere.
Vsbtnng.Nothing(he)cannotdo,omnipotent.
Vsbtch.Nowhere(it)doesnotreach.
Vsc.Nowhere,ornothingobtainable,theimmaterialuniversalrealitybehindallphenomena.
Vshu.Avidyamna(S).Nonexisting,nothingexisting,theimmaterial.
Vshuvngtngtchditphp.Vikalpaviviktadharma(Nirbhasa)(S).Theruththatisdetachedfromdiscrimination.
Vshux.Akincannayatana(S).SphereofNothingness,HeavenofFormless.
Vshuxnh.Akincanytana(S).Thecontemplationofthestateofnothingness,ortheimmaterial.
Vsqun.Thecontemplationoftheimmaterialrealitybehindallphenoma.
Vstr.Apratisthita(S).Nomeansofstaying,nonabiding.
Vstr(trc).Notboundbyanytie,i.e.freefromallinfluenceofthepassionnature,anepithetofBuddha.
Vs.Fearlessness.
Vs.Withoutateacher,selfattained.
Vsgic.Selfattainedenlightenment.
Vstr.Selfattainedenlightenment,wisdomattainedwithoutateacher,Buddha.
Vtc.Notcreating,uncreatednotdoinginactivephysicallyormentallyindependentofaction,wordorwill,i.e.natural,intuitive.
Vtcgiithotmn.
Vtcgii.Theintangible,invisiblemorallawthatinfluencestheordinandwhenhereceivesvisibleordinationi.e.theinternalspiritualmorallawanditsinfluence
theinvisiblegraceofwhichthevisibleordinationisasign.Alsovtcbiugii.
Vtm.Ahrika(S).Withoutshame,shameless.
Vtm.Mindless,withoutthought,will,orpurposetherealimmaterialmindfreefromillusionunconsciousness,oreffortlessaction.
Vtmonhn.Thehermitorsaintinecstaticcontemplation,aswithemptiedmindhebecomethereceptacleofmysticinfluences
Vtmtammui.Thesamdhiinwhichactivethoughthasceased.
Vtn.Ananta(S).Inexhaustible,withoutlimit.
Vtnduynkhi.Unlimitedcausation,ortheunlimitedinfluenceofeverythingonallthingsandallthingsoneverythingoneoftheHoaNghimtchngduyn
khi.Alsophpgiiduynkhi.

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Vtnhi.TheBuddhatruthasinexhaustibleastheocean.
Vtnng.Theonelampwhichisyetlimitlessinthelightingofotherlampstheinfluenceofonedisciplemaybelimitlessandinexhaustiblealsoanaltarlight
alwaysburning.
Vtntng.Theinexhaustibletreasury.
Vtn.Inexhaustibleintentionormeaning.
VtnBtt.AksayamatiBodhisattva(S).ABodhisattvatowhomSkyamuniissupposedtohaveaddressedtheAvalokitesvarachapter,intheLotusstra.
InexhaustibleBodhisattva.
Vt.Unlimited,boundless.
Vtnh.Withoutanature,nothinghasanindependentnatureofitsown.
Vtham.Virga(S).Absenceofdesire.
Vthng.Ajita(S).Invincible,unsurpassed,unconquered.
Vthy.Withoutbeginning,asinthechainoftransmigration.
Vthykhng.Withoutbeginningandunreal,voidwithoutbeginning,theabstractideaofvthy,i.e.withoutbeginning.
Vthyvminh.Theperiodofunenlightenmentorignorancewithoutbeginning,primalignorance.
Vthc.Ajnna(S).Unknowledge.AlsoVtri.
Vthng.Anitya(S).Impermanentthefirstofthetamminhtrividythatallthingsareimpermanent,theirbirth,existence,change,anddeathneverrestingfora
moment.
Vthng,Kh,Khng,Vng.Anitya,Dukkha,Sunya,Antman(S).Impermanence,Suffering,Emptiness,Selflessness.
Vthngtng.Thinkingontheimpermanence.
Vthngy.Therelianceoftheimpermanent,i.e.Buddha,uponwhommortalscanrely.
Vthng.Anuttara(S).Unsurpassed,unexcelled,supreme,peerless.
Vthngb.Thesupremebodhi,orenlightenment,thatofBuddha.
Vthngchnhbintr.Supremeperfectwisdom.
Vthngchnhngchnhgic.Anuttarasamyaksambodhi(S).SupremeandperfectEnlightenment.AlsoPhtqu,AnualaTammiuTamb.
Vthngdiugic.Thesuprememysticenlightenment.
Vthngo.Thesupremeway,ortruth,thatofBuddha.
Vthngng.Thesupremelamp.
Vthnggic.Supremeperfectenlightenment.
VthngNitbn.Thesupremenirvna,thatofMahyna.
Vthngnhn.Thesupremeeye,abletodiscerntheinwardsignificanceofallthings.
Vthngnhn.Thehighestpatientequanimityinreceivingthetruthalsotobelievethetruthofimpermanencewithoutdoubt.
Vthngphp.Thesupremedharma,nirvna.
Vthngphplun.Thepreaching,orpropagationofthesupremedharma.
Vthngphpvng.TheLordofsupremedharma,Buddha.
Vthngphciny.Thesupremegarmentofthefieldofblessedness,i.egoodworks.

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Vthngs.Anuttara(S).Unsurpassed.Thepeerlessnobleone,theBuddha.
Vthngsiungtrngphu.Unsurpassedknighttaminghero.
Vthngtmquy.Thesupremegarmentofsensitivenesstotheshameful,themonk'srobe.
Vthngtn.Thepeerlesshonouredone.
Vthngthng.Abovethesupreme,thesupremeofthesupreme,i.e.Buddha.
Vthngthngtha.Themostsupremevehicle,theMahyna.
Vthngtu.Supremewisdom,thatofBuddha.
Vt.Withoutcomparison,nocomparing,incomparable.
Vtphp.Incomparabletruthorlaw.
Vtranh.Withoutstrife,debate,orcontradictionpassionlessabidinginthe"empty"orspirituallifewithoutdebate,orwithoutstrivingwithothers.
Vtranhtammui.Thesamdhiinwhichthereisabsenceofdebateordisputationordistinctionofselfandother.
Vtrn.Dustless,withoutanatomofthematerialorunclean,immaterial,pure.
Vtrnphpgii.Theimmaterialrealm.
Vtri.Ignorantignoranceabsenceofperception.Also,ultimatewisdomconsideredasstatic,andindependentofdifferentiation.
Vtrivgic.Inanimatedignorant.
Vtr.Notabidinginpermanencethingshavingnoindependentnatureoftheirown,theyhavenorealexistenceasseparateentities.
Vtrtammui.Thesamdhiwhichcontemplatesallthingsastemporalandevanescent.
Vtr(trc).Unattached,notinbondagetoanything.NameofAsanga,brotherofVasubandhuandothers.
Vtrchnh.Unfetteredaction,powertoovercomeallobstacles.
VtrcThinthntng.TheschoolofAsangaandVasubandhu,i.e.PhpTngtng.
Vttnh.Asvabhva(S).Withoutselfnature,withoutanatureofitsown,noindividualnatureallthingsarewithouttnhintnhindividualnatureorindependent
existence,beingcomposedwithelementswhichdisintegrate.
Vtng.Animitta,nirbhsa(S).Withoutform,orsignnomarksorcharacteristicsnothingnessabsolutetruthashavingnodifferentiatedideas.
Vtnggiithotmn.Thenirvnatypeofliberation.
VtnghoPht.XemVtngNhlai.
Vtngkhnggio.TheTamluntngorMdhyamikaschool.
VtngNhlai.NirlaksanaBuddha,AlaksanaBuddha(S).TheBuddhawithoutthethirtytwooreightymarks,i.e.Nagrjuna.
Vtngphciny.Thegarmentofnothingnessforcultivatingthefieldofblessing,i.e.therobe,whichseparatesthemonkfromearthlycontamination.
Vtng.Withoutthought,absenceofthinking.
Vtngnh.Theconcentrationinwhichallthinkingceasesinthedesiretoentervtngthin.
Vtngthin.Avrha(S).ThethirteenBrahmaloka,thefourthinthefourthdhyanawherethinking,orthenecessityforthoughtceases.Alsovtnggii,v
tngx.
Vy.Abhaya(S).Fearless,dauntless,securenothingandnobodytofearalsoVira,courageous,bold.
Vyn.Abhayamudr(S).Gestureoffearlessness.
Vysn.Abhayagiri(S).MountFearlessinSriLankawithanancientmonasterywhereFahsienPhpHinfound5,000monks.

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Vysntrb.Abhayagirivasin(S).Abuddhistsect.
VyTamtng.Subhkarasimha(S).Name.AlsoThinVy,TnhSt.
Vyth.Abhayapradna(S).ThebestowingofconfidencebyeverytrueBuddhist,i.e.thatnonefearmayhim.Giftoffearlessness.
Vngskip.Asankhyeyakalpa(S).Aperiodofnumberlesskalpas.
Vu.Asoka(S).Withoutsorrow,notfeelingornotcausingsorrow.
Vuvng.KingAsoka.AlsovuaAdc.
Vvn.Unaskednottoaskvolunteered.
Vvntthuyt.Udna(S).Thatpartofthecanonspokenvoluntarilyandnotinreplytoquestionsorappeals.
Vvi.Asamkrta(S).Nonactive,passivelaissezfairespontaneous,naturaluncaused,notsubjecttocause,condition,ordependencetranscendental,notintime,
unchanging,eternal,inactive,andfreefromthepassionsorsensesnonphenomenal,noumenalalsointp.asnirmna,dharmanature,reality,anddharmadhtu.
Vvikhng.Asamskrtasnyat(S).Theimmaterialcharacterofthetranscendent.
VviNitbn(gii).Therealmoftheeternal,unconditionednirvna.
Vviphp.Asamskrtadharma(S).Anythingnotsubjecttocause,condition,ordependenceoutoftime,eternal,inactive,supramundane.Phptng
tngenumerates6vviphpnoncreatedelements:(1)hkhngvvksa,space.(2)trchditvvipratisamkhynirodha,extinctionobtainedbyknowledge
(3)phitrchditvviapratisakhynirodha,extinctionnotbyknowledgebutbynature(4)btngditvviacalanirodha,extinctionbyamotionlessstateof
heavenlymeditation(5)thtngditvvisamjnvedayitanirodha,extinctionbythestoppageofideaandsensationbyanarhat(6)chnnhvvitatht,true
suchness.
Vviphpthn.Asamskrtadharmakya(S).TheeternalbodyofBuddhanotconditionedbycauseandeffect.
Vvisinht.Thebirthanddeathofsaints,i.e.withoutanyaction,transformation.
Vvitnhin.Causelessandspontaneous,atr.ofnivrtti.
Vvix.Thenirvnahome.
Vy.Nothingonwhichtorelyunreliable.
VyNitbn.Finalnirvna.
V.Absenceofsubjectivethought,ofwill,orintentionabsenceofidea.
Vulanbn.Ullambana(S).AllSoul'sDay.AlsoLVulan,Cuohuyn.
Vulanbnkinh.Ullambanastra(S)
V.Wouti(C)
VcLong.Dignga,Dinnga(S).Nameofperson.AlsoTrnNa,ngTh.
Vnnai.Mrgadva,Rsivadana,Srangantha(S).DeerPark.AlsoLcuyn,Lcdvin.
Vng.Rj(S).King,prince,royaltorule.
Vngtammui.Thekingofsamdhis,thehighestdegreeofsamdhi,theThlngnghimnh.
Vngxthnh.Rjagrha(S).KingBmbsaraissaidtohaveremovedhiscapitalherefromKusgrapura.ActualRjgir.

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