EE 5336/7336 Integrated Photonics

Class Roster

Group 1
Baughman,Alexander HW1, HW7, HW13
Chen,Yudong HW2, HW8, HW14
Rao,Arun Gadam HW3, HW9,
Group 2
Wang,Menglin HW4, HW10
Zhang,Franklin HW5, HW11
Alex Holland HW6, HW12

Agenda
First Day, Tuesday, August 22, 2017
0. To download your online lecture, please visit:

https://lyle.smu.edu/academic/downloads/

You will be prompted for a username and password.

Use your 8 digit SMUID for the username.
For security and privacy purposes the password will be your My.SMU.edu password.
Select the 1177-2017-Fall folder.
Select your Course Number folder.
RIGHT click on the file link and select SAVE TARGET AS to save the file to your computer.
You can access your Course Downloads within 24 hours of the on-campus course. It is
recommended that you download the course lecture and watch it within 48 hours to keep
current with course content and requirements.

If you have trouble playing the videos on Windows Media Player then you may wish to use
VLC player. This tool is available for free at www.videolan.org.

0. Help Session in room 338 starting about 5:05 or 5:15 on Mondays

1. Syllabus, course over view
2. Discussion and review of Maxwells Equations

************************************************************************************
Agenda
Thursday, August 24, 2017

0. 0. To download your online lecture, please visit:

https://lyle.smu.edu/academic/downloads/

You will be prompted for a username and password.

Use your 8 digit SMUID for the username.
 For security and privacy purposes the password will be your My.SMU.edu password.
Select the 1177-2017-Fall folder.
Select your Course Number folder.
RIGHT click on the file link and select SAVE TARGET AS to save the file to your computer.
You can access your Course Downloads within 24 hours of the on-campus course. It is
recommended that you download the course lecture and watch it within 48 hours to keep
current with course content and requirements.

If you have trouble playing the videos on Windows Media Player then you may wish to use
VLC player. This tool is available for free at www.videolan.org.

Discussion and review of Maxwells Equations, start about page 17 of

Photonics5336_2017B
1. Boundary Conditions (derived BCs on tangential E and H; discussed permittivity:
tensors, nonlinearities, )

************************************************************************************
Agenda
Tuesday, August 29, 2017

0. HW#1 to be reviewed by Baughman,Alexander on Thursday, August 31, 2017

1. Derivation of the Electromagnetic Wave Equation from Maxwells Equations
(1. Review Wave Concepts (includes group and phase velocity which is also reviewed
in Fiber Optics Tutorial))
2. Classification of Modes in waveguides
3. Solution of the wave equation for plane waves (see EE 3330 text)
4. 3-layer dielectric waveguide for electromagnetic waves (ray tracing)
************************************************************************************
Agenda
Thursday, August 31, 2017
HW#1 review by Baughman,Alexander
0. Instructions on downloading WAVEGUIDE, initial setup (Ruo-Hua He)
1. Review E&M material covered to date
--discuss why only TE and TM modes exist in 1D cross section slab waveguides
--discuss why hybrid modes exist in waveguides with 2D cross sections
2. Discuss nature of the solution of the wave equation in a 3 layer dielectric
waveguide; can generalize to n-layer dielectric waveguides. Use ray theory and
total internal refraction (TIR) to discuss difference between k (propagation
constant in bulk material), (propagation constant in the direction of propagation
or the longitudinal axis of the wavegide) and s and which are the transverse
propagation constants. The propagation constants can also be written as
propagation vectors.

3. 3-layer symmetric dielectric waveguide (wave equation solution)

************************************************************************************
Agenda
Tuesday, September 5, 2017
HW#2 to be reviewed by Chen,Yudong on Thursday
1. Review E&M material covered to date
--discuss why only TE and TM modes exist in 1D cross section slab waveguides
--discuss why hybrid modes exist in waveguides with 2D cross sections
2. Discuss nature of the solution of the wave equation in a 3 layer dielectric
waveguide; can generalize to n-layer dielectric waveguides. Use ray theory and
total internal refraction (TIR) to discuss difference between k (propagation
constant in bulk material), (propagation constant in the direction of propagation
or the longitudinal axis of the wavegide) and s and which are the transverse
propagation constants. The propagation constants can also be written as
propagation vectors.

3. 3-layer symmetric dielectric waveguide (wave equation solution)

Agenda
Thursday, September 7, 2017
1. HW#2 review by Chen,Yudong
2. Optional Extra Credit Assignment (from last spring)
Due on or before Wednesday, September 27, 2017
Problem 1 (40 points) See the movie Hidden Figuresor read the book. Write a
summary of the movie or the book. If seeing the movie or buying the book
causes a financial hardship, you can submit your receipt to me for the cost of the
movie (which could include the cost of a guest that accompanies you) or the cost
of the book.
This assignment is motivated in part by a recent dinner conversation with friends, one
who works at Apple and another that is now an independent photonics consultant and
business partnerand in part by an anonymous reviewers comment of a recent paper
submitted (and now accepted) to the IEEE and OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology.
An important part of the paper dealt with deriving analytic formulas related to gratings in
optical waveguides. This was the reviewers comment: Today it is better to let
computers do the work.

Write a summary of the movie/book and include your thoughts. You can also comment
on why I wanted to send movie tickets or a copy of the book to the anonymous reviewer.
NOTE: The JLT paper and the response to the reviewers comments on the paper
are (will be) posted with the Extra Credit Homework assignment on Canvas.

3. Intel Museum and Moment of Silence? Photos of the Intel Museum and where
Shockley Labs use to can be found here:
https://www.dropbox.com/sh/6j3n9sok9066yh4/AABy47jarUwkLxX0nawyblUDa?dl
=0
4. Explain HW#3give the formulas
1. Review E&M material covered to date
--discuss why only TE and TM modes exist in 1D cross section slab waveguides
--discuss why hybrid modes exist in waveguides with 2D cross sections
5. Discuss nature of the solution of the wave equation in a 3 layer dielectric
waveguide (page 48, handwritten notes); can generalize to n-layer dielectric
waveguides. Use ray theory and total internal refraction (TIR) to discuss
difference between k (propagation constant in bulk material), (propagation
constant in the direction of propagation or the longitudinal axis of the wavegide)
and s and which are the transverse propagation constants. The propagation
constants (sometimes called wavenumbers, especially k = nko, n being the index
of refraction, ko = 2o) can also be written as propagation vectors.
6. 3-layer symmetric dielectric waveguide (wave equation solution)

EE5336/7336 Homework Assignment #1

Due Wednesday, August 30, 2017
Reminder: At the end of each of the following problems, complete one (or both) of these
sentences: I think my solution is correct because Or I am not sure my solution is
correct because
Problem 4: (20 points) Read the article The conceptual origins of Maxwells
equations and gauge theory, by Chen Ning Yang, Physics Today 67 (11), 45 (2014);
doi: 10.1063/PT.3.2585. This document is available on Blackboard and can also be
viewed online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.2585. Write a summary of the
article that focuses on the contributions of people who contributed to what we now
call Maxwells equations.

5. In your own words, state the format requirements for homework assignments.
What happens if homework is turned in that does not satisfy the format
requirements?
6. What percentage of all assignments must be completed and turned in
to pass this course? What percentage of problems must be completed on each
assignment?

EE5336/7336 Homework Assignment #2

Due Wednesday, September 6, 2017
Reminder: At the end of each of the following problems, complete one (or both) of these
sentences: I think my solution is correct because Or I am not sure my solution is
correct because
1. Derive a wave equation for H using the same assumptions that we used for
deriving a wave equation for E.
2. Derive equations 22, 23, 24 and 25 on pages 35 and 36 of the course notes.
In class (and in the Fiber Optics Tutorial discussed later) we considered the
sum of the electric field of two plane waves, u1(z,t) and u2(z,t), both traveling in the
positive z direction with slightly different frequencies and propagation constants
and with equal amplitudes. The electric fields of both plane waves are oriented in
the y direction, which means that they have the same polarization. The time and
space variation of the two electric fields are given by:

u1(z,t) = cos(t - kz)

u2(z,t) = cos ([ + ]t - [k + k]z)

We will show that the sum of these two waves produce an intensity envelope in time
and space. The velocity of the envelope is called the group velocity.

For this problem, consider the sum of two slightly different waves with similar
electric fields:

v1(z,t) = sin(t - kz)

v2(z,t) = sin([ + ]t - [k + k]z)

Derive analytically (using a procedure similar to that used in class if you want) an
expression for the group and phase velocity for the sum of the two fields.

HINT: sin() + sin() = 2 sin[()/2]cos[()/2]

Problem 4. Choose appropriate values of , , k and k and plot the sum of

v1(z,t) = sin(t - kz) and v2(z,t) = sin([ + ]t - [k + k]z) for a) a fixed value of
time as a function of z; and b) for a fixed value of z as a function of time. You can use
any software that is convenient for you. The plots shown in the previous problem
were done using Excel.

Problem 5. Is the velocity at which information in an electromagnetic wave travels

given by the phase velocity or by the group velocity or by some other velocity? Why?
Does it matter if the information is digital or analogue?

Problem 6. What direction is a wave of the form cos (t + kz) traveling? What is the
phase and group velocity of this wave?

Problem 7. What direction is a wave of the form cos (t - kz) traveling? What is
the phase and group velocity of this wave?

Problem 8. In what situations are the group and phase velocities equal for an
electromagnetic wave?

Extra Credit Assignment #1

Due on or before Wednesday, September 27, 2017
Problem 1 (40 points) See the movie Hidden Figuresor read the book. Write a
summary of the movie or the book. If seeing the movie or buying the book
causes a financial hardship, you can submit your receipt to me for the cost of the
movie (which could include the cost of a guest that accompanies you) or the cost
of the book.
This assignment is motivated in part by a recent dinner conversation with friends, one
who works at Apple and another that is now an independent photonics consultant and
business partnerand in part by an anonymous reviewers comment of a recent paper
submitted (and now accepted) to the IEEE and OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology.
An important part of the paper dealt with deriving analytic formulas related to gratings in
optical waveguides. This was the reviewers comment: Today it is better to let
computers do the work.

Write a summary of the movie/book and include your thoughts. You can also comment
on why I wanted to send movie tickets or a copy of the book to the anonymous reviewer.
NOTE: The JLT paper and the response to the reviewers comments on the paper
are (will be) posted with the Extra Credit Homework assignment on Canvas.
 EE5336/7336 Homework Assignment #3
Due Wednesday, September 13, 2017

1. For a symmetric 3-layer waveguide waveguide with n1 = 3.2, n2 = 3.5 and n3 = 3.2,
what is the maximum thickness W of the waveguide that will insure that only one TE
mode will propagate? Assume wavelengths of a) 0.6 microns, b) 1.0 micron and c)
1.55 microns.

2. For a symmetric 3-layer waveguide waveguide with n1 = 3.45, n2 = 3.6 and n3 =

3.45, what is the minimum thickness W of the waveguide that will allow 10 TE
modes to propagate? Assume the wavelength is a) 0.6 microns, b) 1.0 micron and c)
1.55 microns.

3. Consider an AlGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs symmetric waveguide. The index of refraction of

the AlGaAs outer layers is 3.4 and the index of the GaAs center layer is 3.6. The half
width W/2 of the middle layer is 3 microns, so the total width of the middle layer is 6
microns. Light with a wavelength of 1.5 microns is coupled into this waveguide. a)
What is the V parameter (Yariv and Yehs notation) or r value (class notes notation) of
this waveguide? b) How many TE modes will this waveguide support? How many TM
modes will this waveguide support?

4. (20) Using a program such as Excel or Matlab, plot the graphical solution (see page
114 of Yariv and Yeh) for the normalized transverse wavevectors (W/2 and sW/2) for
the TE modes of the waveguide in Problem 3 above.

x5. Download WAVEGUIDE III onto your laptop and bring your laptop to both classes
on February 16th and 18th.

EE5336/7336 Homework Assignment #4

Due Wednesday, September 20, 2017

1. (20) From the plot in problem 4 of HW#3, obtain the values of s, (delta) and (beta)
for each allowed TE mode. Plot the transverse field Ey(x) (assume A =1, z =0, t = 0) for
each allowed mode (see Fig. 3.3, page 115 in Yariv and Yeh) using these values in the
appropriate formula (see the notes or text) for Ey. (Or at least do the plot for the TE0 and
TE1 modes). Note that A is determined by the total power in the mode, or equivalently,
by the total number of photons in the mode. (revised problem statement.)

2. (30) On page 65 of the class notes, equations 9 and 10 can be graphically solved
for the TE modes of a symmetric 3-layer waveguide. Derive the equivalent
equations for the TM modes a symmetric 3-layer waveguide.

3. We require that the tangential components of the field at the boundaries be

continuous. Using the tangential fields calculated for the TE modes in the 3 layer
symmetric waveguide case, show that the boundary conditions on the normal
components of the field are satisfied.
4. Write a summary of the article On Physics Education in Brazil, from the book
Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! (Adventures of a Curious Character), by Ralph
Leighton and Edward Hutchings, 1985. This article can be found on Canvas or on
numerous sites online.

EE5336/7336 Homework Assignment #5

Due Wednesday, September 27, 2017
1. (30) In Problem 3 of Homework Assignment #3, we considered this problem:
Consider an AlGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs symmetric waveguide. The index of refraction of the
AlGaAs outer layers is 3.4 and the index of the GaAs center layer is 3.6. The half width
W/2 of the middle layer is 3 microns, so the total width of the middle layer is 6 microns.
Light with a wavelength of 1.5 microns is coupled into this waveguide. a) What is the V
parameter (Yariv and Yehs notation) or r value (class notes notation) of this
waveguide? b) How many TE modes will this waveguide support? How many TM
modes will this waveguide support? Use Waveguide III to plot Ey for all (up to 10 modes)
bound modes of this structure. Compare the plots obtained using Waveguide III to your
plots obtained in Problem 5 of Homework #3.

2. Plot the effective index neff (neff = /ko) for each TE and TM mode as a function of the
normalized frequency V (equivalent to r in the notes) for the waveguide described in
problem 1 of this assignment. See Fig. 3.4 on page 116 of Yariv and Yeh for an example
of such a plot.
3. Consider a 3 layer waveguide consisting of a layer of SiO2 (n = 1.5), a layer of silicon
(n = 3.5) and a layer of air (n = 1.0). Plot neff as a function of V for the TE and TM
modes of this structure.
4. For the structure in Problem 3, what is the minimum thickness of the center layer for
the structure to guide light at a wavelength of 1.55 microns?
5. Using the sketch shown in Fig. P2, show that the numerical aperture (defined as
(nosino ) is given by
nosino = SQRT(n12 n32)

assuming that n3 > n2. Hint: apply Snells law at the n0-n2 interface and require total
internal reflection at the n2-n3 interface.

Figure P2. Illustration used for calculating the numerical aperture of a waveguide.
6. Use WAVEGUIDE III to plot the four transverse fields of the asymmetric waveguide
that corresponds to the graphical solution shown on page 82 of the handwritten notes.