i NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY FLUIDS QUESTION PAPERS CESF: the central mube is the viscosity of oil whieh fills the Tadlii of the tubes as 0.150, 0.152 and 6 I Find the increase in pressure required to reduce the volume of ‘Water by 0.8 per cent if its bulk modulus of elasticity is 2.075 » 10" Njm?, (@) TL Dete:mine (2s -— po) in units of kPa (Fig. 1). The relative density values of different flute are showsi in brackvls, Take value of g as. 9.787 m/s 8} Fig. O11 (0.2) lam Carbon tetrachloride Mercury (13.54) (1.60) i Determine the total hydrostatic force and its point of application, on one side of a 1 m wide and 2 m deep rectangular plare area immersed vertically with ils top cele 1,5 m : v the water surtace.F : Name; Gaulian. . % : Ballo: ayant (SE Department of Civil Engineering NATIONAL INSTITUTE OP TECHNOLOGY CALICUT Test, Third Semester B,Tech., Monsoon Semester, 2012-13 (CB2002 MECHANICS OF FLUIDS Dreserayen: 1 Rowe 3 G@_ Se Newton's law of visoosi sxplain briefly an application of this Jaw in eivil engineering. @&) Derive the hydrostatic equatio f . Infer the nature of variation of pressure in horizontal and ve planes ina Static Auld, {© Define metacentre and metacentric height. How are they related to te stability eriterion for fle bodies? @*2=6) 2. te Fig}, pipe a contains water, and the manometric fluid as density of 2900 ke/m’, When the left meniscus is at zero on the sacle, ‘geege pressure st 4 is 100 mm of water. Find the reading of the right meniscus Sera prescare 10 KPa at 4 with no adjustments of the U-tube or scale. Q) & Two coaxial cylinders 10 cm and 9.75 cm in diameter, and 2.5 em high Shave both their ends open and have viscous liquid filled in between (Fig, 2). ‘A torgae of 1.2Nm is produced on the inner cylinder when the outer ‘qqfinder rotates at 90 rpm. Determine the coefficient of viscosity ofthe liquid, @) ‘The cened surface 4B shown in Fig. 3 is quarter of a circle of radius 1.5m, ‘for..2.4 m length perpendicular to the plane of the figure, S -and its location on the surface AB.—— NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ‘TECHNOLOGY CALICUT VL Across the section of a fluid stream running | RollNo: gio TICE epartment of | Civil Engineering thin Semester Bech, (Clo) Interim Test-2, Monsoon Semester, 2011-12 82002 MECHANICS OF FLUIDS Dreratiiere: X Hour 15 Minutes _ Assume suit le data if necessary. Maximum Marks: 20 L _Explain the following terms very briefly: ~ (2) Metacentric height Q) amline, path-line, and streak-line e (8) Stream function (4) Velocity potential (©) __ Total, convective, and local accelerations (6-1) Show that for a two-dimensional jrrotational flow the streamlines and equipotential lines are orthogonal. @ HE A uniform wooden solid cylinder hag a relative density of diameter to height so that it will just float with: its axis vertice ‘An open-topped tank, in the form of a cube of 900 contains 0.405 m? of oil of relative density 085 and is slope of tarvi(1/3) to the horizontal, The base of the and the two side faces are parallel to the direction of mi the walls of the tank, estimate the net force (parallel to the oil is just on the point of spilling, : ‘The velocity potential in a two-dimensional flow is = “ is irrotational, (b) Find the equation of the stream line the coordinates (1, 1). , distribution can be expressed by the power | from a given point to the nearest wall, b 16 th exponent equal to 1/7. Find (a) the ratio of me per unit width. neaPee Departicnt of Crs rene 2 NATIONAL InsTETUTEOF Monsoon Semester 2008 oe End Semester Examinations Pee CEU 203 MECHANICS OF FLUIDS Duration: 3 hours ____ Yeti Matta: 0. Tnstructions: (1) Answer PART-A and PART-B in separate mavw anewer tows. (2) Answer all questions. (3) Descriptive answers showid be brief and specie (4) Missing data, if any, should be assumed sui (eich SNCLEVES SIAL, PART-A a) What is the type of flow )) ‘ofa liquid at constant rate in a converging pipe? ii) ina pipe of diameter 0.3 m carrying water at 3 mu's watt is m/s? ) Given y =2.x,y, find the magnitude of the velocity veo "c), Give expressions for (i) Energy correction factor (i) C d) Define centre of buoyancy and metacentre. osiay vas 719% ise bh 'a) What is meant by centre of pressure? Prove that for a 2 fiaid, the conte pressure is below the centre of gravity. a b) A square plate 0.5 m * 0.5 m is immersed in water and held im 2 vertical plane so thet the upper horizontal edge is | m below the surface of water, Calelate the sonal pressure om the plate and the depth of centre of pressure. ‘ a) Ifu=axand vy - ~—ay give velocity determine the equation of streamline passing‘on for each pipe in a network may be expressed as hir= r O” where Q is the i pe network shown in Fig.1, the r-values and the trial discharge ure. If 1 = 2 for all pipes obtain the correct distribution of 65) Y. The head toss rel discharge in the pipe. For the pi distributions are shown in the f discharges using the Hardy Cross method. 0.5 m/s Assuming the cross-sectional area of a passen 0.6, estimate the power requirement of the engine at a speed of 60.kmi/h. Assume the Weight of the car to be 30 KN and coefficient of friction between the road and tyre to be 0.01) The: mechanical efficiency of the engine is 80% (a) When a drop of liquid having a diameter D is slightly deformed: and left free, on account of surface tension a it vibrates about its positio time period 1. If p is the density of the liquid and g is the acceleratio as a function of the remaining quantities using Buckingham’'s the period of vibration of a drop of diameter 4 mm if a similar period of 1 second? tidal period of 12.4 hours? (b) A flow meter when of 0.1 m/s ina 150 mm diameter pipe al pressure dropName: ee ee are Roll No: BjooT1OCE Department of Civil Engineering mmrsorie NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CALICUT (Civil) End Semester Examinations, Monsoon Semester, 2011-12 112002 MECHANICS OF FLUIDS: Third Semoster B.Tech Maximian Marks: 50. ecessary. (2) Assume suitable data if necessary. Duration: 3 Hours Notou: (1) Glue sketches whe) 1,54) ixplhin wy the dynamic viscosity of a liquid decreases but that of a eas increases with the rise in on rir f) Define buoyant force and center of buoyancy. ~ oo If tho equation of continuity for one-dimensional flow is written in the form © = AV = constant, what are Le involved? (4) Stato Buckingham's x-theorem and highlight the importance of dimensional analysis. 4 \ixpluin Raynold’s model law and Froude's model law giving two examples each for the ap model laws, plicability of (5% 2=10) vity 0.8. Find the may The vertion! plate shown in Figure I is submerged in a fluid of specific gr hydrostatic force on one side and the depth to the center of pressure. I< 5m—>| _ Figure 1 sg Figure 2.shows a ¥-junction of three pipes. The velocity it ly given by U= Uy (1 ~ (/R)"” where ris the radial distance and 2 is the consideration, Pipes 1,2 and 3 have diameters 8 cm, 6 em and 4 em respect in piper 2-and 3 are 0,8 m/s and 0.6 m/s respectively, estimate the uni 2.(6emdia) ae{In using the Darcy-Weisbach equation for flow in a pipe, what percentage error is introduced in the estimation: discharge O when the friction factor is misjudged by 20%? Assume the head loss /y is constant, a “There is a sudden increase in the diameter of a pipe from dj to ds, What should be the ratio (dy/dj) if the minor ~/ toss is to be the same when the direction of flow is reversed? Assume that the hiead loss /1, due to sudden ‘contraction is given as h, = kV*/2g where k = 0.5 and V’is the velocity of flow in the contracted pipe. (5) oe: “The following data are given for three reservoirs connected by pipes to a common junction point J (Figure 4): —r sai Se | Pipe | Reservoir level(m) | Pipelength(m) | Diameter (cm) Es | 1000 Ana fs a 750 | 30 | 2 | Oana 30 | Caleulate the head at J and flow in each pipe, neglecting minor losses. Assume the starting value of the piezometric head at J as the average of 65 m and 30 m, that is 47.5 m, Perform only-one iteration. 6 A r= 130 B Figure 4 In Figure 5 is shown a pipe network with two loops. Determine the flow in each pip ‘outflow of the system in m’/s. The head loss h versus discharge: Qrelation in e Values are indicated in the figure. Also shown in the sketch are the initial trial Perform only one iteration. i . The discharge Q through a symmetrical triangular notch is $0 J” surface above the bottom of the notch and the angle @ (in depends upon acceleration due to gravity g and velocity theorem perform a dimensional analysis to derive a variables. Use g and H as repeating variables. won model of a reservoir is drained in 4 minutes by. ‘should it take to empty the prototype reservoir?Department of Civil Engineering Name: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CALICUT Monsoon Semester 2012 End Semester Examination ; (E2002 - MECHANICS OF FLUIDS Duration: 3 hours Maximum Marks: (50) Answer ALL Questions. Missing Data, if any, may be assumed suitably. GIVE SKETCHES WHEREVER NECESSARY. He a. Give the units in SI system for i, Dynamic Viscosity // Mass Density p iii, Bulk Modulus K: b. Which property of fluid is important for i, Formation of drops i. Lubrication Cavitation iv. Hydrostatic force y. Velocity of sound in a medium, {0.25 x 8=4 «Ina flow condition shown in Figh, determine the velocity at which the central plate we aoe awl move itis dragged between two fixed plates with a force of 150. eens The dynamic viscosities of the oils on top and bottom are in the ratio 1:3 and q viscosity of oil on top is 0.1Pas. 2 = 1 i Som S Fig Fig2 pics ‘Oil lows at 0.5m/soc in a 25mm diameter tube. The dynamic viscosity 1s IN seclm? and t ass density is 970kg/n?, What type of flow will occur? i sak a of Sm radius and 3m length stores water uy to its top as shown in fe saan pat aban S iG * 4Water flows through a 90° horizontal reducer bend., The gauge pressure at inlet is 206KN/m? and area 0.01m?. At the exit area is 0.0025m’ and velocity 15m/sec. The pressure at the exit is atmospheric, Determine the force required to hold the bend in place. (51 A vertical venturimeter measures the flow of oil of sp. gravity 0.82. The diameters at entrance and throat are 125mm and 50mm. Pressure gauges at the entrance and throat show a difference of 27,5kN/m? and the throat is 300mm above the entrance. Obtain the flow rate if C, for the venturimeter is 0.97. BI A straight 25em pipeline Skm long is Jaid between two reservoirs having a difference in level of 40m. To increase the capacity of the system an additional 2.5km long 25em dia pipe is laid parallel to the first from the first reservoir to the midpoint of the original pipe. Assuming f= 0.025 for both the pipes find the increase in discharge 1% the new arrangement. 15] Fig3 25 For the network given in Fig 3, suggested distribution of flow is as follows. Check if this is acceptable, If not adjust the distribution. Head loss in a pipe is given by the relation Jj=r0°. Perform two iterations. {6 AB BC AE BE ED DC 60. 19 40. ie |S 6 Explain i, Dimensionless numbers ii, Similitude pI Pressure drop Ap in a pipe due to friction is a function of length of pipe L, diameter D, mass density p, viscosity 4, mean velocity V, and average roughness height k. Obtain a relation for pressure drop using Buckingham’s = theorem method. ' * l4] The flow rate over a spillway is 120m'/s. What is the length ratio to be adopted if available discharge in the lab set up is 0.75m'/s? Corresponding to ‘a measured force of 2.8N in the model, what is the prototype force? (4