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ANADOLU MAM HATP LSELER

!+!$6%+%,!-
RETM MATERYAL

11. SINIF

YAZARLAR
Yrd. Do. Dr. U. Murat KILAVUZ
Nihat MORGL
Veli KARATA
Eba Mslim YAAROLU

DEVLET KTAPLARI
NC BASKI
, 2016
MLL ETM BAKANLII YAYINLARI.........: 5980
YARDIMCI VE KAYNAK KTAPLAR DZS ........................................................: 505

16.?.Y.0002.4430

Her hakk sakldr ve Mill Eitim Bakanlna aittir. Kitabn metin, soru ve ekilleri
ksmen de olsa hibir surette alnp yaymlanamaz.

EDTR
Prof. Dr. Ahmet Saim KILAVUZ

DL UZMANI
Ahmet POLAT

GRSEL TASARIM
Emre ANDER

LME-DEERLENDRME UZMANI
Mehmet Akif KARAKU

PROGRAM GELTRME UZMANI


Hasan TOPAL

REHBERLK UZMANI
Esra DEMR

ISBN: 978-975-11-3860-6

Mill Eitim Bakanl, Talim ve Terbiye Kurulunun 22.08.2014 gn ve 3507500 sayl


yazs ile eitim arac olarak kabul edilmi, Destek Hizmetleri Genel Mdrlnn
17.05.2016 gn ve 5526273 sayl yazs ile nc defa 142.335 adet baslmtr.
Korkma, snmez bu afaklarda yzen al sancak; Bastn yerleri toprak diyerek geme, tan:
Snmeden yurdumun stnde tten en son ocak. Dn altndaki binlerce kefensiz yatan.
O benim milletimin yldzdr, parlayacak; Sen ehit olusun, incitme, yazktr, atan:
O benimdir, o benim milletimindir ancak. Verme, dnyalar alsan da bu cennet vatan.
atma, kurban olaym, ehreni ey nazl hill! Kim bu cennet vatann uruna olmaz ki feda?
Kahraman rkma bir gl! Ne bu iddet, bu cell? heda fkracak topra sksan, heda!
Sana olmaz dklen kanlarmz sonra hell. Cn, cnn, btn varm alsn da Huda,
Hakkdr Hakka tapan milletimin istikll. Etmesin tek vatanmdan beni dnyada cda.
Ben ezelden beridir hr yaadm, hr yaarm. Ruhumun senden lh, udur ancak emeli:
Hangi lgn bana zincir vuracakm? aarm! Demesin mabedimin gsne nmahrem eli.
Kkremi sel gibiyim, bendimi iner, aarm. Bu ezanlar -ki ehadetleri dinin temeli-
Yrtarm dalar, enginlere smam, taarm. Ebed yurdumun stnde benim inlemeli.
Garbn fkn sarmsa elik zrhl duvar, O zaman vecd ile bin secde eder -varsa- tam,
Benim iman dolu gsm gibi serhaddim var. Her cerhamdan lh, boanp kanl yam,
Ulusun, korkma! Nasl byle bir iman boar, Fkrr ruh- mcerret gibi yerden nam;
Medeniyyet dediin tek dii kalm canavar? O zaman ykselerek ara deer belki bam.
Arkada, yurduma alaklar uratma sakn; Dalgalan sen de afaklar gibi ey anl hill!
Siper et gvdeni, dursun bu hayszca akn. Olsun artk dklen kanlarmn hepsi hell.
Doacaktr sana vadettii gnler Hakkn; Ebediyyen sana yok, rkma yok izmihll;
Kim bilir, belki yarn, belki yarndan da yakn Hakkdr hr yaam bayramn hrriyyet;
Hakkdr Hakka tapan milletimin istikll!

Mehmet kif Ersoy


GENLE HTABE

Ey Trk genlii! Birinci vazifen, Trk istikllini, Trk Cumhuriyetini,


ilelebet muhafaza ve mdafaa etmektir.
Mevcudiyetinin ve istikbalinin yegne temeli budur. Bu temel, senin en
kymetli hazinendir. stikbalde dahi, seni bu hazineden mahrum etmek
isteyecek dhil ve hric bedhahlarn olacaktr. Bir gn, istikll ve cumhuriyeti
mdafaa mecburiyetine dersen, vazifeye atlmak iin, iinde bulunacan
vaziyetin imkn ve eraitini dnmeyeceksin! Bu imkn ve erait, ok
namsait bir mahiyette tezahr edebilir. stikll ve cumhuriyetine kastedecek
dmanlar, btn dnyada emsali grlmemi bir galibiyetin mmessili
olabilirler. Cebren ve hile ile aziz vatann btn kaleleri zapt edilmi, btn
tersanelerine girilmi, btn ordular datlm ve memleketin her kesi bilfiil
igal edilmi olabilir. Btn bu eraitten daha elm ve daha vahim olmak zere,
memleketin dhilinde iktidara sahip olanlar gaflet ve dallet ve hatt hyanet
iinde bulunabilirler. Hatt bu iktidar sahipleri ahs menfaatlerini,
mstevllerin siyas emelleriyle tevhit edebilirler. Millet, fakr u zaruret iinde
harap ve btap dm olabilir.
Ey Trk istikbalinin evld! te, bu ahval ve erait iinde dahi vazifen,
Trk istikll ve cumhuriyetini kurtarmaktr. Muhta olduun kudret,
damarlarndaki asil kanda mevcuttur.
Mustafa Kemal Atatrk
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