Design and detail of the cantilever combined footing for the column data given below:

Column DL RLL MLL DL+RLL DL+MLL

loads (KN)
A(exterior) 1000 325 435 1325 1435
B(interior) 1200 600 840 1800 2040
Total 3125 3475

Allowable Soil pressure: DL+RLL = 150 KN/m2

DL+MLL = 225 KN/m2

1. Proportioning:
Let the column spacing be 12m
Edge of footing not to exceed more than 0.5m from the centre line of column A.
Both footings must be square.

MB : R1 (12-e) = 1325 X 12
L1 L1
E=( b) = 0.5
2 2
1325 X 12
R1 = L
10+0.5+ 21

Let allowable soil pressure for (DL+RLL) = 150 KN/m2

R1
Also, = (L1 )2
150
Substitution gives:
15900 2
L = (L1 )
(12.5 21 ) X 150

2
L3
106 = 12.5(L1 ) -
2
212 = 25 (L1 )2 - (L1 )3
(L1 )3 - 25 (L1 )2 + 212 = 0
L1 = 3.11 3.2m
Hence size of footing A = 3.2 X 3.2 m
1325 X 12
R1 = 3.2 = 1458.72 KN
12.5
2

R2 = 3125 1458.72
= 1666.28 KN

R2 1666.28
L2 = = = 3.33
150 150

3.4
So, Size of Footing B = 3.4 X 3.4 m
Total area provided = (3.2)2 + (3.4)2
= 10.24 + 11.56 = 21.8 m2
3125
Against total area required = = 20.83 OK
150

(DL + MLL)
1435 X 12
MB : R1 = 3.2 = 1579.8 KN
(12.5 )
2

1579.8
Punder footing A = = 154.27 KN/m2
(3.2)2

R2 = 3475 1579.8 = 1895.2 KN

1895.2
Punder footing B = = 163.94 KN/m2 < 225 KN/m2 (Allowable soil pressure for DL+MLL)
(3.4)2

Hence safe.
STRUCTURAL DESIGN:

Factored Soil pressures under footings:

Footing A: 0.15427 X 1.5 = 0.231 N/mm2
Footing B: 0.16394 X 1.5 = 0.246 N/mm2

Design:
(A) Footing B
Thickness:
P.S. Design punching shear strength = 0.25 X fck = 0.25 X 20

= 1.118 N/mm2
At c/s
1
(450 + d) X d X 1.118 = {34002 (450 + d)2 } X 0.246
4
0.246
503.1d + 1.118d2 = 710940 (2025000 + d2 + 900d)
4
503.1d + 1.118d2 = 710940 12453.75 0.0615d2 + 55.35d
1.1795d2 + 447.75d 698486.25 = 0
D= 602.79
605 mm ,say

B.M.
At c/s /mm width

14752
Mu = 0.246 X = 267601.875 N-mm
2

267601.875 267601.875
d = = = 293.33 mm < 602.79 mm OK
L1 3.11

Steel at d = 605 mm ; D = 665 mm, say

f2y
0.87 X X Ast2 0.87 X fy X d X Ast + Mu = 0
fck

4152
0.87 X X Ast2 0.87 X 415 X 605 + 267601.875 = 0
20
Ast = 1.281 mm2/mm
1.281
% of Ast = X 100 = 0.192 % > 0.12 % OK
665
Using 20 dia bars,
Ld = 950 mm
Cf available = 1475 (2 X 20) = 1435 mm

d2 314.159
4
Spacing = = = 245.24 = 245 mm , say
Ast 1.281
314.159 X 100
Ast provided = = 0.212%
245 X 605
From IS 456-2000, corresponding c = 0.3296 N/mm2

B.S.
At c/s /mm width
(1475 d) X 0.246 = 0.3296d
D=630.358mm > 605 mm not OK
@ d=605 mm
At c/s
(1475-605) X 0.246 = c X 605
c = 0.353 N/mm2
From IS 456-2000 corresponding % of Ast = 0.24125 %
0.24125 X 1 X 605
Ast = = 1.46 mm2/mm
100

d2 314.159
4
Usind 20 dia bars, Spacing = = = 215.177 mm
Ast 1.46

210 mm , OK.
Check:
314.159
Ast provided = = 1.495 mm2 /mm > 1.281 mm2 / mm. OK
210
1.495 X 100
% of Ast = = 0.225 % > .12 % OK.
665

xu 0.87 X 415 X 1.495

= = 0.124 < 0.48 OK.
d 0.36 X 20 X 605

Check:
P.S. 4 X (450 + 605) X 605 X v = {34002 (450 + 605)2 } X 0.291
v = 1.19 N/mm2 < 1.2 N/mm2 OK.
Cover:
d = 605 mm
effective cover = 60 mm (=20 dia + 40 cover)
D = 665 mm

Bearing pressure:
 A 3110
A1 = 450
= 6.91, > 2
2

Design bearing strength = 0.45 X 20 X 2 = 18 N/mm2

2040 X 1000 X 1.5
Factored bearing pressure = = 15.11 N/mm2 < 18 N/mm2 OK.
(450)2

(B) Footing A:
Longitudinal direction

P.S. At c/s
3200+350+d d
(350 + d) X d X 1.118 = { 3200 X 1100 + ( ) X (1425 2) } X 0.231
2
1775d 1425d d2
391.3d + 1.118d2 = {3520000 + 2529375 + - } X 0.231
2 2 4
d2
391.3d + 1.118d2 = {6049375 175d - ) X 0.231
4

431.725d + 1.17575d2 = 1397405.625

D = 777.28 mm
780 mm say
B.M. At c/s
25252
Mu = 0.231 X = 736384.68 N mm/mm
2

Mu 736384.68
d = L = = 486.6 mm < dps
1 3.11

Steel at d = 780 mm , D = 850 ,say

Coefficient b = 0.87 X 415 X 780 = 281619
7491.788 Ast2 281619 Ast + 736384.68 = 0
Ast = 2.82 mm2 / mm
2.82
% of Ast = 850 X 100 = 0.331% > 0.12% OK.

Using 25 mm dia bars:

d2 490.875
4
Spacing = = = 174.069 mm
Ast 2.82

170 mm
Let development length, Ld = 1000 mm
cf available = 2525 (2 X 25) = 2475 mm OK.
490.875 X 100
Steel provided = = 0.37 %
170 X 780
Corresponding c from IS 456-2000 Page 74 is,
c =0.4429

B.S. at c/s
(2525 d) X 0.231 = 0.4429 X d
0.231 X 2525 = 0.6739d
0.231 X 2525
d= = 865.52mm > 780 mm not OK.
0.6739
As for footing B, @ d = 780 mm
(2525 780) X 0.231 = c X 780
c =0.5168 N/mm2
Corresponding % of Ast from IS 456-2000
% of Ast = 0.615 %
Area of steel, Ast = 4.797 mm2 / mm
Using 25 dia bars:
 d2 490.874
4
Spacing = = = 102.329 mm
Ast 4.797

100 mm OK
Check:
490.874
Ast provided = = 4.908 mm2/mm > 2.57 mm2/mm OK
100

4.908 X 100
% of Ast = = 0.63%
78

Corresponding c = 0.5216 N/mm2 > 0.5168 N/mm2 OK

xu 0.87 X 415 X 4.908
= = 0.315 < 0.48 OK
d 0.36 X 20 X 780

Transverse direction:

P.S.
Length of section = 390 + 350 + 325
= 1065 mm
(3900+350+325)+ (1425+ 350+ 325)
Area contributing shear = X 1035
2
= 1637887.5 mm2
At c/s
1065 X 780 X v = 1637887.5 X 0.231
v = 0.455 < 1.118 N/mm2 O.K.

B.M.
 14252
Mu = 0.231 X = 234537.1875 N mm/mm
2

234537.11875
D= = 274.6 mm < 780 mm
3.11

Steel at d=780 mm
Coeff b = 0.87 X 415 X 780 = 281619
7491.788 Ast2 281619 Ast + 234537.1875 = 0
0.852
Ast = X 100 = 0.10 % < 0.12 % not OK.
850
At % Ast 0.12 %
0.12
Ast = 850 X = 1.02 mm2 /mm
100
Using 20 dia bars:
Ld = 1000 mm ; cf available = 1425 (2 X 20) = 1385 mm O.K.
d2
4 314.15
Spacing = = = 307.99
Ast 1.02
300 mm O.K.
314.159 X 100
Ast provided = = 0.134 %
300 X 780

Corresponding c = 0.28 N/mm2

(1425 d) X 0.231 = 0.28d
D = 644.17mm < 780 mm
Also, (1425 - 780) X 0.231 = v X 780
v = 0.191 n/mm2 < 0.28 N/mm2 O.K.
xu 0.87 X 415 X 314.159
= = 0.0673 < 0.48 O.K
d 0.36 X 20 X 300 X 780

Cover,
d = 780 mm
c = 70 mm (20 dia + 50 cover)
D = 850 mm

Check bearing pressure:

A1 = 1000 X 1000 mm2

A 1000
A1 = 350
= 2.85 > 2
2

Design bearing strength = 18 N/mm2

1435 X 100 X 1.5
Factored bearing pressure = = 17.57 N/mm2 < 18 N/mm2 O.K.
3502

(C) Beam

For reaction forces at A & B,

Taking moment about B
2152500 X 12 RA X (170 + 7600 + 1600) = 0
RA = 2369724.771
RB = (2152500 + 3060000) 2369724.771
= 2842775.23
To draw SF & BM diagrams:-
SF = 2369724.771 2152500
= 217224.771 N ,uniform
B.M.
At x =2369724.771 X (160 + x) 5811750000 2152500x
=217224.771x 2020190366
At x=0
B.M = -2.02 X 109 N mm
Check M (from left hand side)
M = 2369724.771 X 1600 2152500 X 2700
= -2.02 X 109 N mm
At x = 7600 mm
B.M = -3.692 X 108
Check (from right hand side)
M = (2842775.23 3060000) X 1700
= -3.692 X 108 N mm
In design maintaining the total depth D of the beam same as that of footing at either end and varying the
depth linearly between the ends, we shall determine the breadths.

Sections:
LH end
Take 32 dia bars in 2 rows

d = 850 90 = 760 mm
M 2.02 X 109
b = l X d2 = 3.11 X 7602

= 1124.51 mm
1130 mm
RH end
Taking 32 dia bars in 1 row
d = 665 60 = 65 mm

3.692 X 108
b= = 324.33 mm
3.11 X 6052
330 mm , say

Longitudinal steel top:

Since the b values were rounded off and are higher than the b required by the equation M u = Rubd2, the
difference increases as one goes away from the left to the right.
LH end

For full width of beam:

f2y
0.87 X X Ast2 0.87 X fy X d X Ast + Mu = 0
b X fck

6.63 Ast2 274398 Ast + 2.02 X 109 = 0

Ast = 9578.267 mm2
9578.267 9578.267
No. of #32 dia bars = =
X 322 804.248
4
= 11.9 12 bars O.K
2 rows as assumed.
Ld = 1500 mm ; cf available , footing width at either end
Horizontal
Min clear spacing = 32 mm (dia of bar)
Max clear spacing = 200 mm
Vertical
Min clear spacing = 32 mm O.K
Clear horizontal spacing = 155.6 mm
Ast provided = 12 X 804.248 = 9650.976 mm2
9650.976 X 100
% of Ast = = 1.123% O.K
1130 X 760
Corresponding c = 0.6446 N/mm2
 1130 X 760 X 0.85
Min Ast = = 1758.98 mm2
415
Max Ast = 0.04 X 1130 X 850 = 38420 mm2 O.K.
xu 0.87 X 415 X 9650.976
= = 0.56 > 0.48 {higher due to rounding off bars to higher number}
d 0.36 X 20 X 1130 X 760

Quarter point:

f2y
0.87 X X Ast2 0.87 X fy X d X Ast + Mu = 0
bXfck

6.81 Ast2 257699.44 Ast + 1.607 X 109 = 0

Ast = 7874.62 mm2
7874.62 7874.62
No. of #32 dia bars = =
X 322 804.248
4
= 9.79 10 bars O.K
Clear horizontal spacing = 195 mm O.K.
Ast provided = 10 X 804.248 = 8042.48 mm2
8042.48 X 100
% of Ast = = 1.024% O.K
1100 X 713.75
Corresponding c = 0.6248 N/mm2
1100 X 713.75 X 0.85
Min Ast = = 1608.08 mm2 O.K
415

Max Ast = 0.04 X 1100 X 803.75 = 35365 mm2 O.K.

xu 0.87 X 415 X 8042.48
= = 0.51 > 0.48 {higher due to rounding off no of bars to 10}
d 0.36 X 20 X 1100 X 713.75
Mid point:

f2y
0.87 X X Ast2 0.87 X fy X d X Ast + Mu = 0
bXfck

7.002 Ast2 241000.875 Ast + 1.194 X 109 = 0

Ast = 6000.425 mm2
6000.425 6000.425
No. of #32 dia bars = =
X 322 804.248
4
= 7.46 8 bars O.K
Clear horizontal spacing = 187.5 mm O.K.
(Note: Since centroid of steel is closer to upper row, actual d > 667.5 mm; one is on the safer side assuming
a lesser d.)
Ast provided = 8 X 804.248 = 6433.984 mm2
6433.984 X 100
% of Ast = = 0.9% O.K
1070 X 667.5
Corresponding c = 0.596 N/mm2
1070 X 667.5 X 0.85
Min Ast = = 1462.87 mm2 O.K
415
Max Ast = 0.04 X 1070 X 757.5 = 32421 mm2 O.K.
xu 0.87 X 415 X 6433.984
= = 0.45 < 0.48 O.K
d 0.36 X 20 X 1070 X 667.5
Three Quarter point:

f2y
0.87 X X Ast2 0.87 X fy X d X Ast + Mu = 0
bXfck

7.204 Ast2 235855.9125 Ast + 7.82 X 108 = 0

Ast = 3743.329 mm2
3743.329 3743.329
No. of #32 dia bars = =
X 322 804.248
4
= 4.65 5 bars O.K
Clear horizontal spacing = 180 mm O.K.
Ast provided = 5 X 804.248 = 4021.24 mm2
4021.24 X 100
% of Ast = = 0.59% O.K
1040 X 653.25
Corresponding c = 0.596 N/mm2
1040 X 653.25 X 0.85
Min Ast = = 1391.501 mm2 O.K
415
Max Ast = 0.04 X 1040 X 653.25 = 27175 mm2 O.K.
xu 0.87 X 415 X 4021.24
= = 0.296 < 0.48 O.K
d 0.36 X 20 X 1040 X 653.25
RH end:

f2y
0.87 X X Ast2 0.87 X fy X d X Ast + Mu = 0
bXfck

7.42 Ast2 218435.25 Ast + 3.692 X 108 = 0

Ast = 1800.3 mm2
1800.3 1800.3
No. of #25 dia bars = =
X 252 490.87
4
= 3.67 4 bars O.K
101080 X 225 X 4
Clear horizontal spacing = = 250mm > 200 mm
3
Hence provide 5 bars.
101080 X 225 X 5
Clear horizontal spacing = = 181.25 mm O.K
4
Ast provided = 5 X 490.87 = 2454.35 mm2
2454.35 X 100
% of Ast = = 0.403 % O.K
1010 X 605
Corresponding c = 0.43344 N/mm2
1010 X 605 X 0.85
Min Ast = = 1251.54 mm2 O.K
415
Max Ast = 0.04 X 1010 X 605 = 24442 mm2 O.K.
xu 0.87 X 415 X 2454.35
= = 0.20 < 0.48 O.K
d 0.36 X 20 X 1010 X 605
Shear:

Position c (N/mm2) S.F (N) v (N/mm2)

Left end 0.6446 217224.771 0.253
Quarter 0.6248 217224.771 0.2767
Mid 0.596 217224.771 0.304
Three Quarter 0.5088 217224.771 0.3197
Right end 0.43344 217224.771 0.355
Hence only nominal shear reinforcement is called for.
Try #16 dia , 2 legged stirrups,

Asv = 2 X 162 X = 402.124 mm2
4
Max spacing is minimum of:
402.124 X 0.87 X 415 362967.18
(i) =
0.4 X b b
(ii) 0.75 X d
(iii) 300 mm

mm Left Quarter Mid Three- Right

quarter
(i) 321.2 329.97 339.22 349.006 359.37
(ii) 570 535.3125 500.625 489.94 453.75
(iii) 300 300 300 300 300
(Minimum: underlined)