Professional Documents
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d
b h t1 t2 l1 l Basic SI Units 50
DIN DIN
2)
from to from to
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
22
30 8 7 4 3.3 2.4 18 90 20 90
Physical Quantities and Units of Mechanics 53/55
30 38 10 8 5 3.3 2.4 22 110 25 110
38
44 12 8 5 3.3 2.4 28 140 32 140
44
50 14 9 5.5 3.8 2.9 36 160 40 160 Physical Quantities and Units of Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer 55/56
50 58 16 10 6 4.3 3.4 45 180 45 180
58
65 18 11 7 4.4 3.4 50 200 50 200 Physical Quantities and Units of Electrical Engineering 56
65 75 20 12 7.5 4.9 3.9 56 220 56 220 Taper and round-ended sunk keyy
and
k
keyway acc. to
t DIN 6886
6886
85
95 25 14 9 5.4 4.4 70 280 70 280 Physical Quantities and Units of Lighting Engineering 57
95 110 28 16 10 6.4 5.4 80 320 80 320 1)) The tolerance zone for hub keyway y
y width b for
parallel keys with normal fit is ISO JS9 and
and
110 130 32 18 11 7.4 6.4 90 360 90 360
with close fit ISO P9. The tolerance zone for Different Measuring Units of Temperature 57
130 150 36 20 12 8.4 7.1 100 400 100 400
150 170 40 22 13 9.4 8.1 110 400 110 400 shaft keyway width b with normal fit is ISO N9
170 200 45 25 15 10.4 9.1 125 400 125 400
and with close fit ISO P9.P9 Measures of Length and Square Measures 58
200 230 50 28 17 11.4 10.1 140 400 140 400 2) Dimension h of the taper key names the
230 260 56 32 20 12.4 11.1 160 400 largest
g height
g of the key,y, and dimension tz the Cubic Measures and Weights 59
keyway The shaft
largest depth of the hub keyway.
260 290 63 32 20 12.4 11.1 180 400
290 330 70 36 22 14.4 13.1 200 400 Lengths keyway and hub keyway dimensions
330 380 80 40 25 15.4 14.1 220 400 not according to DIN 6887 - taper keys with gib Energy, Work, Quantity of Heat 59
deter- head - are equal to those of DIN 6886 6886.
380 440 90 45 28 17.4 16.1 250 400 mined
440 500 100 50 31 19.5 18.1 280 400 Power, Energy Flow, Heat Flow 60
Lengths mm 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 25 28 32 36 40 45 50 56 63 70 80
I1 or I
90 100 110 125 140 160 180 200 220 250 280 320 360 400 Pressure and Tension 60
Dimensions of 60 centre holes Centre holes
Recommended Bore Minimum i shaft
in h f ends
d (centerings)
( i ) acc. to DIN 332 P
Part 1 Velocity 60
Form B
diameters diameter dimensions
d 2)
d1 a 1) b d2 d3 t Equations for Linear Motion and Rotary Motion 61
above to
mm
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
6
10 1.6 5.5 0.5 3.35 5 3.4
10
25 2 6.6 0.6 4.25 6.3 4.3
2.5 8.3 0.8 5.3 8 5.4
25
63 3.15 10 0.9 6.7 10 6.8
4
12.7 1.2 8.5 12.5 8.6 Form B
63
100 5 15.6 1.6 10.6 16 10.8 DIN 332/1 4.80
6.3 20 1.4 13.2 18 12.9
Recommended Form DS
diameters
d6 2) d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5
above to 3) +2 min. +1 Keyway
Keyway
mm
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
7
10 M3 2.5 3.2 5.3 5.8 9 12 2.6 1.8 0.2
10
13 M4 3.3 4.3 6.7 7.4 10 14 3.2 2.1 0.3
13
16 M5 4.2 5.3 8.1 8.8 12.5 17 4 2.4 0.3
16
21 M6 5 6.4 9.6 10.5 16 21 5 2.8 0.4
21
24 M8 6.8 8.4 12.2 13.2 19 25 6 3.3 0.4
24
30 M10 8.5 10.5 14.9 16.3 22 30 7.5 3.8 0.6 Form D
DSS ((with
with thread)
thread)
30
38 M12 10.2 13 18.1 19.8 28 37 9.5 4.4 0.7 DIN 332/1 5.83
38
50 M16 14 17 23 25.3 36 45 12 5.2 1.0
50
85 M20 17.5 21 28.4 31.3 42 53 15 6.4 1.3 1) Cutting-off dimension in case of no centering
85
130 M24 21 25 34.2 38 50 63 18 8 1.6 2)) Diameter applies to finished workpiece
* Dimensions not acc
acc. to DIN 332 Part 2
130 225 M30* 26 31 44 48 60 77 17 11 1.9
225 320 M36* 31.5 37 55 60 74 93 22 15 2.3 3) Drill diameter for tapping-size holes acc. to
320 500 M42* 37 43 65 71 84 105 26 19 2.7 DIN 336 Part 1
48 49
Physics Physics
Internationally Determined Prefixes Derived SI Units
Basic SI Units Legal Units Outside the SI
Internationally determined prefixes Derived SI units having special names and special unit symbols
Decimal multiples and sub-multiples of units are represented with prefixes and symbols. SI unit
Prefixes and symbols are used only in combination with unit names and unit symbols. Physical quantity Relation
Name Symbol
Factor by which the unit Factor by which the unit
Prefix Symbol Prefix Symbol Plane angle Radian rad 1 rad = 1 m/m
is multiplied is multiplied
Solid angle Steradian sr 1 sr = 1 m2/m2
1018 Atto a 101 Deka da
Frequency, cycles per
1015 Femto f 102 Hecto h Hertz Hz 1 Hz = 1 s1
second
Prefix symbols and unit symbols are written When giving sizes by using prefix symbols and Electric capacitance Farad F 1 F = 1 C/V = 1 (A2 . s4)/(kg . m2)
without blanks and together they form the unit symbols, the prefixes should be chosen in
symbol for a new unit. An exponent on the unit such a way that the numerical values are Electric resistance Ohm 1 = 1 V/A = 1 (kg . m2)/A2 . s3)
symbol also applies to the prefix symbol. between 0.1 and 1000.
Electric conductance Siemens S 1 S = 1 1 = 1 (A2 . s3)/(kg . m2)
Example: Example:
degrees
12 kN instead of 1.2 104N
Celsius temperature C 1 C = 1 K
1 cm3 = 1 . (102m)3 = 1 . 106m3 Celsius
3.94 mm instead of 0.00394 m
1 s = 1 . 106s Inductance Henry H 1 H = 1 V . s/A
1.401 kPa instead of 1401 Pa
50 51
Physics Physics
Physical Quantities and Units of Physical Quantities and Units
Lengths and Their Powers of Time and of Mechanics
Physical quantities and units of lengths and their powers Physical quantities and units of time
SI unit N.: Note SI unit N.: Note
Physical Physical
Symbol Symbol L.U.: Further legal units Symbol Symbol L.U.: Further legal units
quantity quantity
Name N.A.: Units no longer allowed Name N.A.: Units no longer allowed
N.: Basic unit
N.: Basic unit L.U.: ns; s; ms; ks
m L.U.: m; mm; cm; dm; km; etc. Minute (min): 1 min = 60 s
l Length
(metre) N.A.: micron (): 1 = 1 m Time,
s Hour (h): 1 h = 60 min
ngstrm unit (): 1 = 1010 m t Period,
(second) Day (d): 1 d = 24 h
Duration
Year (a): 1 a = 365 d
L.U.: mm2; cm2; dm2; km2
m2 (Do not use prefixes for decimal multiples
A Area are (a): 1 a = 102 m2 and sub-multiples of min, h, d, a)
(square metre)
hectare (ha): 1 ha = 104 m2
Frequency,
Hz L.U.: kHz; MHz; GHz; THz
m3 L.U.: mm3; cm3; dm3 f Periodic
V Volume (Hertz) Hertz (Hz): 1 Hz = 1/s
(cubic metre) litre (l): 1 l = dm3 frequency
Moment of N.: moment of a force; moment of resistance Rotational N.: Reciprocal value of the duration of one
H m3 n frequency s1 revolution
area L.U.: mm3; cm3
(speed) L.U.: min1 = 1/min
Second mo N.: formerly: geometrical moment of inertia
m4 L.U.: cm/s; m/h; km/s; km/h
ment of area L.U.: mm4; cm4 v Velocity m/s
1 km h 1 m s
3.6
1 m (arc) 1m
N. : 1 rad 1m m Accelera N.: Time-related velocity
1 m (radius) 1m a m/s2
tion, linear L.U.: cm/s2
N.: Gravity varies locally.
g Gravity m/s2 Normal gravity (gn):
1 rad gn = 9.80665 m/s2 9.81 m/s2
Angular
1 degree 1 o rad
velocity
rad/s L.U.: rad/min
180
90 o rad
Angular
rad/s2 L.U.: /s2
2 acceleration
. Volume
V m3/s L.U.: l/s; l/min; dm3/s; l/h; m3/h; etc.
L.U. : rad, mrad flow rate
52 53
Physics Physics
Physical Quantities and Physical Quantities and Units of Mechanics,
Units of Mechanics Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
Physical quantities and units of mechanics (continued) Physical quantities and units of mechanics (continued)
SI unit N.: Note SI unit N.: Note
Physical Physical
Symbol Symbol L.U.: Further legal units Symbol Symbol L.U.: Further legal units
quantity quantity
Name N.A.: Units no longer allowed Name N.A.: Units no longer allowed
Mass N.: 1 W = 1 J/s = 1 Nm/s
N.: Instead of the former flywheel effect GD2
moment of P .Power L.U.: W; mW; kW; MW; etc.
kg . m2 2
J inertia; sec GD 2 in kpm 2 now : J GD kJ/s; kJ/h; MJ/h, etc.
ond mass 4 N.A.: PS
PS; kkpm/s;
m/s kcal/h
L.U.: g m2; t m2 W
moment 1 PS = 735.49875 W
Watt)
. 1 kpm/s = 9.81 W
. Rate of Q Heat flow
m kg/s L.U.: kg/h; t/h 1 kcal/h = 1.16 W
mass flow 1 hp = 745.70 W
N L.U.: N; mN; kN; MN; etc.; 1 N = 1 kg m/s2 N.: 1 Pa . s = 1 Ns/m2
F Force Dynamic
(Newton) N.A.: kp (1 kp = 9.80665 N) Pa . s L.U.: dPa . s, mPa . s
viscosity
N N.: Weight = mass acceleration due to gravity N.A.: Poise (P): 1 P = 0.1 Pa . s
G Weight
(Newton) L.U.: kN; MN; GN; etc. L.U.: mm2/s; cm2/s
L.U.: Nm; mNm; kNm; MNm; etc.
Kinematic
m2/s
N.A.: Stokes (St):
M, T Torque Nm viscosity 1 St = 1/10000 m2/s
N.A.: kpm; pcm; pmm; etc.
1cSt = 1 mm2/s
Bending L.U.: Nmm; Ncm; kNm etc.
Mb Nm
moment N.A.: kpm; kpcm; kpmm etc.
Physical quantities and units of thermodynamics and heat transfer
N.: 1 Pa = 1 N/m2
L.U.: Bar (bar): 1 bar = 100 000 Pa = 105 Pa SI unit N.: Note
Physical
bar, mbar Symbol
quantity
Symbol L.U.: Further legal units
N.A.: kp/cm2; at; ata; at; mmWS; mmHg; Torr Name N.A.: Units no longer allowed
Pa 1kp/cm2 = 1 at = 0.980665 bar N.: Basic unit
p Pressure Thermody
(Pascal) 1 atm = 101 325 Pa = 1.01325 bar K 273.15 K = 0 C
T namic
1 Torr 101325 Pa 133.322 Pa temperature
(Kelvin) 373.15 K = 100 C
760 L.U.: mK
1 mWS = 9806.65 Pa = 9806.65 N/m2
1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa = 133.322 N/m2 N.: The degrees Celsius (C) is a special name for
Celsius the degrees Kelvin (K) when stating Celsius
Absolute Pa t C
pabs temperature temperatures. The temperature interval of
pressure (Pascal) 1 K equals that of 1 C.
Ambient Heat 1 J = 1 Nm = 1 Ws
Pa
pamb atmospher Q Quantity of J L.U.: mJ; kJ; MJ; GJ; TJ
(Pascal)
ic pressure heat N.A.: cal; kcal
Pressure
a
above Pa c p
pe pe = pabs - pamb
atmos (Pascal) Tempera
pheric a m2/s [ W/(m . K)] = thermal conductivity
ture
conductivity [kg/m3] = density of the body
Direct
stress cp [J/(kg K)] = specific heat capacity
L.U.: N/mm2
(tensile and N/m2 at constant pressure
1 N/mm2 = 106 N/m2
compres N.: Quantity of heat absorbed under certain
sive stress) Enthalpy
conditions
H (Heat con J
Shearing L.U.: kJ; MJ; etc.
N/m2 L.U.: N/mm2 tent)
N.A.: kcal; Mcal; etc.
stress
N.: l / l 1 J/K = 1 Ws/K = 1 Nm/K
Extension m/m s Entropy J/K L.U.: kJ/K
L.U.: m/m; cm/m; mm/m
N.A.: kcal/deg; kcal/K
N.: 1 J = 1 Nm = 1 Ws
W, A Work L.U.: mJ; kJ; MJ; GJ; TJ; kWh Heat L.U.: W/(cm2 . K); kJ/(m2 . h . K)
J
1 kWh = 3.6
3 6 MJ ,h transfer W/(m2 . K) N.A.: cal/(cm2 . s . grd)
(Joule)
N.A.: kpm; cal; kcal coefficient kal/(m2 . h . grd) 4.2 kJ/(m2 . h . K)
E, W Energy
1 cal = 4.1868 J; 860 kcal = 1 kWh
54 55
Physics Physics
Physical Quantities and Units of Thermodynamics, Physical Quantities and Units of Lighting Engineering,
Heat Transfer and Electrical Engineering Different Measuring Units of Temperature
Physical quantities and units of thermodynamics and heat transfer (continued) Physical quantities and units of lighting engineering
SI unit N.: Note SI unit N.: Note
Physical Physical
Symbol Symbol L.U.: Further legal units Symbol Symbol L.U.: Further legal units
quantity quantity
Name N.A.: Units no longer allowed Name N.A.: Units no longer allowed
Specific 1 J/(K . kg) = W . s / (kg . K) N.: Basic unit
J/(K . kg) Luminous cd
c heat N.: Heat capacity referred to mass I 1 cd = 1 lm (lumen)/sr (Steradian)
intensity (Candela)
capacity N.A.: cal / (g . deg); kcal / (kg . deg); etc. L.U.: mcd; kcd
Coefficient L.U.: cd / cm2; mcd/m2; etc.
m / (m . K) = K1 Luminous 1 2
of linear cd / m2 N.A.: Apostilb (asb); 1 asb cd m
l K1 N.: Temperature unit/length unit ratio L density;
thermal Nit (nt): 1 nt = 1 cd / m2
L.U.: m / (m . K); cm / (m . K); mm / (m . K) Luminance
expansion Stilb (sb): 1 sb = 104 cd / m2
Coefficient 1 Im = 1 cd . sr
m3 / (m3 . K) = K1
Luminous lm
of
v, K1 N.: Temperature unit/volume ratio flux (Lumen) L.U.: klm
volumetric
N.A.: m3 / (m3 . deg) lx
expansion E Illuminance 1 lx = 1 lm / m2
(Lux)
Physical quantities and units of electrical engineering Different measuring units of temperature
SI unit N.: Note
Physical Kelvin K Degrees Celsius C Degrees Fahrenheit F Degrees Rankine R
Symbol Symbol L.U.: Further legal units
quantity TK tC tF TR
Name N.A.: Units no longer allowed
Current A N.: Basic unit 9 9
I TK 273.15 t c tC T K 273.15 tF T K 459.67 TR TK
strength (Ampere) L.U.: pA; nA; A; mA; kA; etc. 5 5
Electric-
1C=1A.s 5 t 32
charge; C TK 255.38 5 tF tC tF 32 9 tC TR 9 t 273.15
Q
Quantity of (Coloumb)
1 Ah = 3600 As 9 9 F 5 5 c
L.U.: pC; nC; C; kC
electricity
TK 5 TR tC 5 T 273.15 tF T R 459.67 TR 459.67 t F
1 V = 1 W / A = 1 J / (s . A) 9 9 R
Electric V
U = 1 A . = 1 N . m / (s . A)
voltage (Volt)
L.U.: V; mV; kV; MV; etc.
Comparison of some temperatures
1 = 1 V / A = 1 W / A2
Electric 0.00 273.15 459.67 0.00
R 1 J / (s . A2) = 1 N . m / (s . A2)
resistance (Ohm) + 255.37 17.78 0.00 + 459.67
L.U.: ; m; k; etc.
+ 273.15 0.00 + 32.00 + 491.67
N.: Reciprocal of electric resistance + 273.16 1) + 0.01 1) + 32.02 + 491.69
Electric S
G 1 S = 1 1 = 1 / ; G = 1 / R + 373.15 + 100.00 + 212.00 + 671.67
conductance (Siemens)
L.U.: S; mS; kS
1) The triple point of water is +0.01 C. The triple point of pure water is the equilibrium point
1F=1C/V=1A.s/V between pure ice, air-free water and water vapour (at 1013.25 hPa).
Electrostatic F = 1 A2 . s / W = 1 A 2 . s2 / J
C
capacitance (Farad) = 1 A2 . s2/ (N . m)
Temperature
L.U.: pF; F; etc. comparison
of F with C
56 57
Physics Physics
Measures of Length Cubic Measures and Weights;
and Square Measures Energy, Work, Quantity of Heat
}
1 Imp gill = 5 ft oz = 0.142 l
3.26 l.y. 1 US liquid pint = 4 gills = 0.4732 l 1 Imp pint = 4 gills = 0.5682 l
1 internat. nautical mile =1852 m = 1 arc 1 astronomical unit (mean distance of the earth from 1 US liquid quart = 2 liquid pints = 0.9464 l
1 German nautical mile minute at the degree of 1 Imp quart = 2 pints = 1.1365 l
the sun) = 1.496 .108 km 1 US gallon = 4 liquid quarts = 3.785 l
(sm) longitude (1 at the me 1 US dry pint = 0.5506 l 1 imp gallon = 4 quarts = 4.5461 l
Typographical unit of measure: 1 point (p) = 0.376 mm 1 iImp pottle = 2 quarts = 2.273 l
1 mille marin (French) ridian = 111.121 km) 1 US dry quart = 2 dry pints = 1.101 l
1 US peck = 8 dry quarts = 8.811 l 1 Imp peck = 4 pottles = 9.092 l
1 US bushel = 4 pecks = 35.24 l 1 Imp bushel = 4 pecks = 36.37 l
Other measures of length of the Imperial system Other measures of length of the metric system 1 US liquid barrel = 31.5 gallons = 119.2 l 1 Imp quarter = 8 bushels = 64 gallons = 290.94 l
1 micro-in = 106 in = 0.0254 m France: 1 US barrel = 42 gallons = 158.8 l (for crude oil)
1 mil = 1 thou = 0.001 in = 0.0254 mm 1 toise = 1.949 m 1 myriametre = 10 000 m 1 US cord = 128 cu ft = 3.625 m2
1 line = 0.1 in = 2,54 mm Russia:
1 fathom = 2 yd = 1.829 m 1 werschok = 44.45 mm 1 saschen = 2.1336 m Weights
1 engineers chain = 100 eng link = 100 ft = 30.48 m 1 arschin = 0.7112 m 1 werst = 1.0668 km
short short
1 rod = 1 perch = 1 pole = 25 surv link = 5.029 m Japan: Unit dram oz lb long cwt long ton g kg t
cwt ton
1 surveyors chain = 100 surv link = 20.12 m 1 shaku = 0.3030 m
1 ken = 1.818 m 1 dram = 1 0.0625 0.003906 1.772 0.00177
1 furlong = 1000 surv link = 201.2 m 1 oz (ounze) = 16 1 0.0625 28.35 0.02835
1 stat league = 3 stat miles = 4.828 km 1 ri = 3.927 km
1 lb (pound) = 256 16 1 0.01 0.008929 453.6 0.4536
58 59
Physics Physics
Power, Energy Flow, Heat Flow, Equations for Linear Motion
Pressure and Tension, Velocity and Rotary Motion
Parallelogram Circle
d2
A r2
A a h 4
0.785 d2
a A
h
U 2r d
(d b) b
{a b}
m {D d}
2 b
2
62 63
Mathematics / Geometry Table of Contents Section 5
Calculation of Volumes
d a 2 b 2 c 2 O 4 r2 d2
{h } {h }
V (D 2 d 2 ) V ( 2D 2 d 2 )
4 12
Cone r2 h Prismatoid
V
3
M r m
V h ( A A 4A )
O r ( r m) 6 1 2
2
d
m h 2
2
64 65