owerpoint Presentation On:

Triangles
Presented By:

1.BISWAJIT NAYAK
2.SIDDHARTH SHANKAR RATH
3. Pratik Rath
4.Sahil swaroop sahoo
5.Osim abes
Introduction
Recognizing and using congruent and similar
shapes can make calculations and design work
easier. For instance, in the design at the corner,
only two different shapes were actually drawn.
The design was put together by copying and
manipulating these shapes to produce versions of
them of different sizes and in different positions.

In this chapter, we will look in a little more

depth at the mathematical meaning of the terms
similar and congruent, which describe the relation
between shapes like those in design.
THE BASIC PROPORTIONALITY
THEOREM
The Basic Proportionality Theorem or The Thales Axiom states
that if in a triangle a line is drawn parallel to one side of the
Triangle, intersecting at distinct points on the other two sides,
Then the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
 A

D E

B C

Suppose DE BC, Then By Thales Axiom,

AD AE

DB EC
 Similar and Congruent
Figures
Congruent polygons have all sides
congruent and all angles equal.
Similar polygons have the same shape;
they may or may not have the same size.
Examples
These figures are
similar and
congruent.
Theyre the same
shape and size.

These figures are

similar but not
congruent. Theyre
the same shape,
but not the same
size.
 Another
Example These figures are
neither similar nor
congruent. Theyre
not the same shape
or the same size.
Even though theyre
both triangles,
theyre not similar
because theyre not
the same shape
Note: Two figures can be similar but not
triangle.
congruent, but they cant be
congruent but not similar. Think about
why!
Congruent Figures
When 2 figures are congruent,
i.e. 2 figures have the same
shape and size,

Corresponding angles are

equal

Corresponding sides are equal

Symbol :
 Congruent
Triangles
A VABC VXYZ
X

Y
C

AB = XY, BC = YZ, CA = ZX
A =X , B =Y, C =Z
Note : Corresponding vertices are named in order.
Ratios and Similar Figures

Similar figures have

corresponding sides and
corresponding angles that are
located at the same place on the
figures.
Corresponding sides have to
have the same ratios between the
two figures.
Ratios and Similar Figures
A B E F
Example

G H

C D
These angles correspond:
These sides correspond:
A and E
AB and EF
B and F
BD and FH
D and H
CD and GH
C and G
AC and EG
 Ratios and Similar Figures
7m 14 m

Example
3m 6m

These
rectangles are 7 1
similar,
14 2
because the
ratios of these
3 1
corresponding
sides are equal: 6 2
Proportions and Similar
Figures

A proportion is an equation that
states
that two ratios are equivalent.

Examples:
4 8 6 m

n 10 3 2
n=5 m=4
 Similar triangles
Similar triangles are triangles with
the same shape
For two similar triangles,

corresponding angles have the same

measure

length of corresponding sides have the

same ratio
Similar Triangles

3 Ways to Prove
Triangles Similar
Similar triangles are like
similar polygons. Their
corresponding angles are
CONGRUENT and their
corresponding sides are
PROPORTIONAL.
10
6 5
3

8 4
 AA Similarity

If two angles of a triangle are congruent to

the two corresponding angles of another
triangle, then the triangles are similar.

25 degrees
25 degrees
 SSS Similarity
If all three sides of a triangle are
proportional to the corresponding sides of
another triangle, then the two triangles are
similar.
12 3

8 2
21 18 3
18 14
8
12 2
21 3
12
12 14 2
SSS Similarity Theorem

If the sides of two triangles are in

proportion, then the triangles are similar.
D
AB AC BC
A
DE DF EF

C B F E
 SAS Similarity

If two sides of a triangle are proportional to

two corresponding sides of another triangle
AND the angles between those sides are
congruent, then the triangles are similar.

21 14
18

12
 D
A A D
AB AC

DE DF
C B F E

SAS Similarity Theorem

If an angle of one triangle is congruent to
an angle of another triangle and the sides
including those angles are in proportion, then
the triangles are similar.
 D
A A D
AB AC

DE DF
C B F E

SAS Similarity Theorem

 Areas of Similar Figures

Conclusion:

If the ratio of the corresponding lengths

of two similar figures is
a
2
b a
then the ratio of their areas is
b
2
A1 l1

A 2 l2
 Right triangles and Pythagorean
theorem

A right triangle is the triangle with one right

angle

Pythagorean theorem
c 2 = a2 + b2
H y p o te n u se
c p e rp e n d ic u la r
b

b ase
a
 thE
eND