Overcurrent relay

Sompol chumnanvanichkul
Sompol.c@egat.co.th

1
Overcurrent relay
 Overcurrent relay
Criteria of Overcurrent relay (50
(50//51)
51)
Ch k th
Check the currentt ffrom the
th protected
t t d
equipment ( via CT ) and will operate
when this current over setting ( pick up )
with delay time ( 51 ) or instantaneous
(50 )
Criteria setting of o/c relay

1
1. Pick up value should be about 100 100--150
% of protected equipment capacity and
l
less th
than minimum
i i ffaultlt
2. Tripping
pp g time is varies by y each
equipment limitation but normally
should set as quick as possible to clear
fault
Criteria setting phase o/c to protect feeder ( 51 )

Pick up about 100 % of feeder capacity.

Criteria setting ground o/c to protect feeder ( 51G)

Pick up about 10-30 % of feeder capacity

***** be careful of unbalance load *****

Criteria setting phase o/c to protect transformer ( 51 )

Pick up about 100

100--150 % of transformer
capacity

Criteria setting ground o/c to protect transformer ( 51G )

Pi k up about
Pick b t 10-30 % off ttransformer
f
capacity
***** be careful of inrush current *****
Criteria setting phase o/c high side to protect
transformer ( 51T )

Pick up should be the same as low side

o/c,, and co ordination with low side relay
y
by the time 0.3-0.4 sec.
Criteria setting phase o/c to protect Motor ( 51 )

Pick up about 110-125 % of full load

depend on service factor.

Criteria setting ground o/c to protect Motor ( 51

51GG)

Pi k up about
Pick b t 10-30 % off ffullll lload.
d

***** be careful of starting current *****

Connection & star point

51C
51C 51B
51B 51
51A
A
51G
51G

51N
51N

51N
51 N-51
51GG
Connection & star point

51C
51C 51B
51B 51
51A
A
51G
51G

51N
51N

51N
51 N-51
51GG
D l ti
Delay time overcurrentt relay
l
1.Inverse time delay
Operating
O ti timeti is
i d depend
d on th
the
value of current in inverse manner and
h many characteristics
has h t i ti curve such h as
normal inverse , very inverse , extremely
i
inverse , llong titime iinverse and
d etc.
t

- I.D.M.T. ( Inverse Definite Minimum Time : IEC )

- TOC ( Time Overcurrent Characteristic : ANSI/IEEE )
D l ti
Delay time overcurrentt relay
l
IEC Curves IDMT IEEE Curves TOC
Operating Time (s) Operating Time (s)
1000 IEC SI 100 US MI
IEC VI US VI
US EI
IEC EI
US I
IEC LTS
100 US SI
10

10

1
1

0 .1 0 .1
1 10 100 1 10 100
Current (Multiples of Is) Current (Multiples of Is)
Delay time overcurrent relay
2. Definite time delay
y
Operating time is fixed not
d
depend d on current, t normally
ll use
for back uppp protection of
differential relay, fault and
overload protection
protection.
D l ti
Delay time overcurrentt relay
l

Time
( s))

Definite time

IDMT

TOC

Is Current ( A)
Delay time overcurrent
relay
IDMT / TOC
Delay time overcurrent relay

Time ( s)
tn = t1 x TMSn
t2 = t1 x 0.05

t1
Dial 1 ( TMS 1 )

t2
Dial .05
.05 ( TMS ..05
05 )

Fault Current ( A)

Time control of Inverse time overcurrent relay

 Example
On VI curve,
curve if relay pick up at 300 A,
A fault current
3000 A .What is TMS if the tripping time is 0.5
sec?

Solution
from t = 13.
13.5 x TMS sec
(IF/IS )-1
0.5 = 13.
13.5 x TMS sec
(3000 / 300 )-1

TMS = 0.33
Criteria setting of o/c relay 50

- Pick up value should be about 400 400--

600
00%
% of protected equipment capacity
andd lless th
than minimum
i i ffaultlt
- Be careful of Inrush current,, startingg
current and grounding system.
Coordination
Coordination protection so that relay nearest to fault operates
first minimizes amount of system disconnection by b time &
current ( Inverse time oc relay ).
Discrimination at maximum fault level and relay will then
discriminate at all other current level.
The setting of upstream relay should be equal to or greater
than the downstream relay.
Grading time :
- CB interrupting time ; 50 -100 ms
- Relay overshoot time ; 30 - 50 ms
- Relay timing and CT error ; 100 -150 ms
- Safety
S f margin ; 100 ms
total grading time ; 250 - 300 ms
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 C di ti
Coordination

Good coordination sho

should
ld be done when
hen ;
- Start the new project
- System change both source and load

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 22 kV 6.9 kV

A B C D

Coordination 6.9-0.4 kV E

0.4 kV
36600 A
22 kV 6.9 kV 8600 A

A B C D

Coordination 6.9 kV E

0.4 kV
 22 kV 7900 A 6.9 kV

A B C D

Coordination 22
22--6.9 kV E

0.4 kV
Data need for setting and coordination

1 Single line diagram

1.
2. System parameter ( V, Z, MVA )
3. CT, PT ratio and location
4 Limit
4. Li i off equipment
i and
d max. lload
d
5. Fault current
6. Criteria setting
7. Future plan
8 Existing setting or problem
8.
End