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KV, 0 , +V
W

(AMI) J J
1,s
K

+V
AMI
0V
-V
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
E JF

- -

EData Encoding)
(Encoding)
K1,sW1
KTb0VW0
1,s J
K
1,s1,s J
K0,s
+V J
KV

W
K J
K0,s J
EHDB3F J J

0,sK
K0,sHDB3KAMI
- -

EData Encoding)

(Encoding)
KAMITb+V1
0000
XY00X000X
KVBYV
K000X
000X
K 1,s
X000X

K
1,s0000Y00X
K
X,YY00X

KY
W
J
K
K J
K J
K J
W
K J
- -

EData Encoding)
AMI
+V
-V
1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
HDB3
Original 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
Signal
HDB3 1 0 -1 0 0 0 -1 0 1 0 0 0 1 -1 1 0
AMI
+V
-V
1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
HDB3
Original 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
Signal
HDB3 1 0 -1 0 0 0 -1 1 -1 1 0 0 1 -1 1 0
E JF

- -

EData Encoding)
EB8ZSF J J

0,s
K B8ZSKAMI

KHDB3, AMIB8ZS
KE JF

(Encoding)
KAMITb+V1 J
K000WX0YZ00000000 J
000NP0PN000WX0YZ J
KW
000PNoNP000WX0YZ J
KW
KZ000WX0YZ1 J
J
KB8ZS
- -

EData Encoding)
W
J
K
K J
K J
K J
W
K J

J
EM- arry Encoding and Modulation RateF

K
KEF

K(Shift KeyingF
W

EAmplitude Shift Keying-ASKF J

K
EEFrequency Shift Keying-FSK J

K
- -

EData Encoding)

EEPhase Shift Keying-PSK J

K
E JF
K

1

0
(modulation rateF
KBaud rate
KM=2M
W

- -

EData Encoding)
K J
K J
K J
M>2
K
W
4PSKM=2BPSK J
M = 4 =22
KE JF

8PSKM=2BPSK J
M=8=23
KE JF
- -

EData Encoding)

Mn
W
M = 2n
n = log2 M
- -

EData Encoding)
W
K360/MZM-ary J
K180/MZ J
W
KM = 2n = 22 = 4n = 2 J
KM = 2n = 23 = 8n = 3 J

J
EPerformance of M-array Encoding SystemsF

W
K J
J
KES/NF

M>2
LL
L
R Kmodulation rate
WLD
D = Baud Rate = bit rate / Baud length = R/n Baud/ sec.
n = log2 M
R = D . n = D log2 M bit/sec.
Binary Encoder M-array Encoder

Digital Data R bits/ sec D baud rate
(-)

- -

EData Encoding)
D E JF
WW
D = 2W
R = D . n = D log2 M = 2W log2M bit/sec
W = R/ 2 log2 MHz
Mlog2 M
K
W
L8- PSK
KK
W
M = 8 = 23 = 2n
n = Baud length = 3 bits
R = 10 M bit/sec
D = R/n = 10 M /3 = 3.33 M Baud/sec
W = D/2 = 1.66 M Hz

EQuaternary Phase Shift Keying-QPSKF J

M = 4M-ary Encoding
E11100100FK

QPSKE{{ JFK
K
- -

EData Encoding)
- -

EData Encoding)

(-)

- -

EData Encoding)

W
W

KW

W

W

1,sNRZ-LW
0,s

WW
K J
KNRZ J

K J
KL8-PSK J

J
K
- -

EData Encoding)
WW
W ASK, FSK, PSK, QPSK J

Digital-to-digital J
Digital-to-analog J
Analog-to-analog J
Analog-to-digital J

WPCM J
Digital-to-analog J
Analog-to-analog J
Analog-to-digital J

W J
Digital-to-analog J
Analog-to-analog J
Analog-to-digital J

K J
NRZ-L J
RZ J
B8ZS J
HDB3 J
- -

EData Encoding)
W J
Unipolar J
NRZ-L J
NRZ-I J
RZ J
Manchester J
10110101011001W
KAMINRZ-L

K8-PSKW
LK

K4-PSKW

- -

Digital Data F
(Digital Data Communication)

ECommunication

EDigital Data CommunicationF

EDigital Data CommunicationFW

W
K

W
W
K J
K J
K J
K J
W
K

KW

W
K

W
K

- -

J

K
K
K

EDigital Data Transmission MethodsF J

KE JF
(-)

EParallel TransmissionF J J
E JF
nn
- -

Kone clock pulse

J J
F

K E
K J J J
1
0
CPU
0 Memory
1
1
(-)

(Serial Transmission) J J

n
Kn
JFK
KE

K
1 0 0 1 0

-

- -

E J JF
K

EAsynchronous TransmissionF J
1,s0,s

Wframe

KTb0 J
K J
K2TbTb1 J
K10 J

K
KE JF

start stop
Idle slot one 5- 8 bit data ch. bit 1-2 Remain idle
of line bit odd even bits or next-start bit
0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1
(-)
- -


ETransmission EfficiencyF J

K
Wnk
Transmission Efficiency = k/n100 %

=8/11X100% = 72.73 %
waste percentage= 100% - 72.73 % =27.27 %

ESynchronous TransmissionF J

K
Block
W
K J
J J

K
KBlock J
J J
K
J
K
- -


EFK

E JF
K
8-bit flag control Block of Data Error control 8-bit flag

(sync.) 8 or 16 bits 2400bits 8 or 16 bits (sync.)
(-)
W
K
Transmission Efficiency = k/n100 %
=2400/2432 100%
=98.68 %
waste percentage= 100% - 98.68% =1.32 %

K
high-level data link
Kcontrol protocol (HDLC)
- -


ETransmission ModesF J

KE JF
(-)

ESimplex ModeF J J

E JF

J
J J

K
Simplex
Broad Cost
Radio
(-)

EHalf Duplex Mode -HDXF J J

E JF

- -

K
K
Half- Duplex
Station A Station B
(-)

EFull Duplex Mode-FDXF J J

KE JF
K
K
Full- Duplex
Station A Station B
(-)

EFull/Full Duplex Mode-F/FDXF J J

K
K E JF
- -

Station B
Station A
Station C
Full/ Full- Duplex
(-)

EError ControlF J

K

W
K(Noise) J
K(Limited bandwidthF J
KEBit rateF J
E JF
K
- -


ETypes of ErrorsF J J

KE JF
Types of errors
Random Burst
errors errors
(-)
- -


ERandom ErrorsF J

single error
K
0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0
error

EBurst ErrorsF J

K

K
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
errorerror

error detection
error correction
F
Eparity bitsFEredundant bits
XORKE JF
W

0+0=0 1+1=0 0+1=1 1 + 0 = 1
- -

Error Control
Error Error
Detection Correction
(-)

K
EError DetectionF J J

K

KE JF
Error Detection
Techniques
Vertical or Cyclic
Horizontal Redundancy
Redundancy Checking
Checking
(-)

- -

EParity check BitF J

1,seven parityodd parity
1,sEF
K

K

1010111 1 1010111 0 1010111

Longitudinal Redundancy Check-LRCFF J

K

KLRC
LRC
K
KLRC
- -

W
w1= 11100111,w2= 11011101,w3= 00111001,w4= 10101001W
w1= 11100111 W
W2= 11011101
W3= 00111001
w4= 10101001

LRC= 10101010
WLRCH
W1 W2 W3 W4 LRC
11100111 11011101 00111001 10101001 10101010

ECyclic Redundancy Check-CRCF J
CRC

K

{
K

polynomial
W10
- -


1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1ZDZ
X7 + X5 + X2 + X + 1ZD(X)

W
CRC-12 = 1100100000011 = X12 + X11 + X8 + X + 1
CRC-16 = 11000000000000101 = X16 + X15 + X2 + 1
CRC- ITU-T = 10001000000100001 = X16 + X12 + X5 + 1

K

D = 10110111 , D(X) = X7 + X5 + X4 + X2 + X + 1 WG
g = 110011 , g(x) = X5 + X4 + X + 1 WG
W
b(x)b(x)
g(x)mXmD(x)/g(x)
Km = 5CRC
- -

XmD(x)= X5(X7+X5+X4+X2+X+1)
= X12+X10+X9+X7+X6+X5

K

X7+X6+X4+X2+X+1
X5+X4+X+1 X12+X10+X9+X7+X6+X5
X12+X11+X8+X7
X11+X10+X9+X8+X6+X5
X11+X10 +X7+X6
X9+X8+X7 +X5
X9+X8 +X5+X4
X7 +X4
X7+X6 +X3+X2
X6 +X4+X3+X2
X6+X5 +X2+X
X5+X4+X3 +X
X5+X4 +X+1
3
X +1 = remainder = b(x) , b = 01001 = CRC

WT(x)
T(x) = Xm D(x) + b(x)
= X12+X10+X9+X7+X6+X5+X3+X
WT
T = 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 = Data + CRC

- -


EError CorrectionF J J

K
K

K
KK
EAutomatic Repeat Request ARQF J

(ARQ)
K
E F

K ARQK

W?Stop-and-Wait ARQ?
K J
K ACK J
NACK J
K
J

K
- -


E JF K

K

Tx Rx
Frame 0
ACK0
Frame 1
ACK1
Wait time
out Frame 0 lost
Frame 0
ACK0
Frame 1
NACK1
Frame 1
ACK1
-

Forward Error Correction-FECFF J

K

Hamming codecyclic code
K

K
- -


1,2,4,8,16,..
K

W
m kn
n = m + k = 2m -1 W
n = 2m -1 = 23 1 = 7Wm = 3
k = n m = 7 3 = 4 bits
K3ZZ

3,5,6,71,2,4
d d d m d m m W
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
W
000
1001
2010
3011
4100
5101
6110
7111
- -


EInterfacingF J

EF
EF
K
Interface
"Data Circuit Equipment (DCE)?
K

?Data Terminal Equipment (DTE)?
DCE, DTE
KE JF
- -


DCEDTE
(Interface PortF
W

EMechanical Characteristics F J

E J J J JF
K
- -

EElectrical CharacteristicsF J

EF
DCEDTEK
K
(Functional Characteristics) J
EF

K

EEProcedural Characteristics J

K

Electronic Industries Association (EIA)
International Telecommunication Union- Telecommunication Standards
RS-232 EIA-232 Committee(ITU-T)
KKDCEDTE

- -


E JF

- -

EModem UnitF J

JF

KDCEE
?
?
KE JF

- -


E JF

K

W
W J
KPSK- QAM

- -

W J
FSK
K

J J

K

Bell J
K
209202103
K
Modem Line Operating Synchronization Modulation Max. Bit
Series Facility Mode Mode Type Rate
103 Dail-up FDX Asynchronous FSK 300 b/s.
202 S Dail-up HDX Asynchronous FSK 1200 b/s.
202 T Private HDX/FDX Asynchronous FSK 1800 b/s.
209 A Private HDX/FDX Synchronous 16-QAM 9.6k.b/s.
209 B Dail-up HDX Synchronous 16-QAM 9.6 k.b/s.

- -


ITU-TCCITT J
K

VV
KV.34 V.29

Recommendation Description
V.29 9600 b/s FDX Leased Circuits
V.32 9600 b/s FDX Leased Circuits + Echo Supression
V.33 14.4 k.b/s FDX Leased Lines
V.34 (V.fast) ITU- 28.8 k. b/s Standard
V.39 (V.fast) ITU- 56 k. b/s Standard

- -

KW

KKKKKKKKKKKK J
K J
K J
K J
K J

K
KKKKKKKKKKK J
K J
K J
K J
K J

W J
K J J J
K J J J
K J J J
K J J J

K J
KVRC J
KLRC J
KCRC J
K J
- -


K11011111110111 J
K J
K J
K J
K J

KCRC J
K J
K J
K J
K J

K1010111111 J
111111000 J
1111110000 J
111111 J
1111111010 J

KW
KK

01101011W
KK
- -

10010101 01001111 11010000 11011011W

KKLRC

11001100111W
KK0101

W

- -

(Multiplexing)
EMultiplexingF

EMultiplexingF
EMultiplexingFW
W
K

W
W
K J
K J
K J
K J
W
K

K W

W
K

W
K

- -

EMultiplexingF
J

KEMultiplexingF
E JF
KEF

K
KE JF
Multiplexing
FDM TDM STDM

Syn. Asyn.
(-)

EFrequency Division Multiplexing -FDMF J

W
W
B.Wch. B.W1 + B.W2 + B.W3 + - - - - - + B.Wn

K
- -

EMultiplexingF
FK
E
KE JF

K

S1 S1
S2 De-
S2
MUX Ch1 Ch2 Ch n MUX
Sn Sn
(-)

K E JFKK
ECATVF
- -

EMultiplexingF

EFDM Carrier SystemsF J J

K

AT&T
ITU-T
K

- -

EMultiplexingF

EBasic GroupF J
AT&T-FDM
EKF
K KAM-SSB
K
KE JF

ESuper GroupF J
AT&T- FDM
AM-SSB EF
KKK
KK
K LK
K
- -

EMultiplexingF

EMaster GroupF J
AT&T-FDM
AM-SSBEF
FKKK
K KEKHK
L
K
K
KE JF

EJumbo GroupF J
AT&T-FDM
AM-SSBEF
{ {
E{H{F{
K {
K
KEF
- -

EMultiplexingF

ETime Division Multiplexing -TDMF J

EF
Eslot F
W
Rch. R1 + R2 + R3 + - - - - - - + Rn
W Rch.
W
K

J J
ESynchronous Time Division MultiplexingF

K
FBuffers
EKKKKKKKKK
KE JF

- -

EMultiplexingF

Demultiplexer
KE JF

EFramingF J

K

Eframing bitsF
- -

EMultiplexingF
K
KE JF10

EBit StuffingF J

K
(bit stuffingF
multiplexer)
KE
clock F
KEpulses
K K(De-multiplexerF
- -

EMultiplexingF
W
KKZW
KKZW
KKZW
KLZW J
W
KPCM J
KKZ2f1Z J
KKZ2f2Z J
WKZ J
H H Z
KE JFZ
t
Source 1
Source 2
t
Source 3
(-)

KLZ
- -

EMultiplexingF
PCM J
KLKZKZn.fZ
E JF J
L
KL
K{
K
KZKZ J
KL
PCM J
KLKZLKZZH
KE JF J

16 bits PCM-TDM 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
bits bits bits bits bits bits bits bits
32 bits frame
-

EDigital ServicesF J

J JF
KE J
K

W
- -

EMultiplexingF

WSwitched 56/ ServiceL E
L
K

Digital Service Unit (DSU)

KL
K
K
K J J

EDigital Data Service -DDSF E
LK
Kdigital leased line
K

EDigital Signal Service DSSF J
DDSDSU
K

W
EAT&T-TDM Digital Carrier System) J
ECCITT-TDM Digital Carrier Sys.F J
- -

EMultiplexingF

EDigital Carrier Systems-AT&TF J J

K
T-1Digital Signal Format ( DS-1)
KT-1Carrier Line
W
KZ K
KKZ K
KKZ K
K-Companding Law ZQ K
KZn K
KZ K
KZ K
KZHEHFZNZ K
KL{ZKZN.fsZRZ K
KDS-1E JF
Ch.1 Ch.2 Ch.24 Fb

8 bits 8 bits 8 bits
193 bits
125
micro sec
- -

EMultiplexingF

AT&T-E JFK
TDM
J
J
J
KAT&T

- -

EMultiplexingF

AT&T-TDM
DS
T1 DS-1 LK{
T1-c DS-1c LK{
T2 DS-2 LK{ J J
T3 DS-3 LK{ J J
T4 DS-4 LK{ J J
T5 DS-5 LK{ J J

J
Multiplexing (STDM) Asynchronous Statistical Time-Division

W
J

- -

EMultiplexingF

PCM-TDM JG
K

KSTDM

ESystem PerformanceF J

STDMK
kn
kk<n
K

HDLC
E JF
KSTDM
- -

EMultiplexingF
Beginning Address Control STDM FCS Encoding

Flag Field Field Data Field Flag
E JF
K

EWave-Division Multiplexing -WDMF J
FDMWDM
De-mux.Mux.
K
EMultiplexingF
K
prism
Fdiffraction grating
- -

EMultiplexingF
E
K
Mux.
E JFK

K

L
L
K
- -

EMultiplexingF

ESynchronous Optical Network SONETF J
CCITT SONET
KSynchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
K SDHSONET
Synchronous Transport SONET
L{Signal Level-1 (STS-1)
KSDHSONETKL
SONET electrical SONET Optical Bit rate M bit/sec. SDH electrical
signal signal signal
STS 1 OC 1 51.84 -
STS 3 OC - 3 155.52 STM 1
STS 9 OC - 9 466.56 STM 3
STS 12 OC - 12 622.08 STM - 4
STS 18 OC - 18 933.12 STM - 6
STS 24 OC - 24 1244.16 STM - 8
STS 36 OC - 36 1866.24 STM 12
STS 48 OC - 48 2488.32 STM 16
STS - 192 OC - 192 9953.28 STM 64
SDHSONET

WDM
ZL
{OC 48
OC - 192 L
L
ZL

KE JFOC nSTS n

- -

EMultiplexingF
- -

EMultiplexingF

W

W

KW

FDMW

TDMW

W

TDM W
K

LKDS-0W

WW
J
FDM -
TDM -
TDM -
K-
J

K-
- -

EMultiplexingF
K-
K-
K-
nTDM J

W
N -
n +1 -
n -1 -
n/2
nTDM J

KnKKKKKKKKKKKKKKmm
K-
K-
K-
K-
WAT&T FDM J
KK-
KK-
KLK-
KLK-

J
FDM-
KTDM-
KTDM-
WDM-

WW
- -

EMultiplexingF
KFDM-
KK-
K-
KTDMW
LK{
T-1Line
- -

(ATM Networks)
EATM NetworksF

EATM NetworksF
EATM NetworksFW
W
K
W
W
KATM
K
KATM
KAALATM
W
K
W

W
K

W
K

- -

EATM NetworksF
J
EAsynchronous Transfer Mode -ATM)
ATM
E J J F
KLL
ATM
ATM Broad Band ISDN (B-ISDN)

ATM
E Packet Switching F
Cell Relay ATM(Cell)
ATM Frame Relay

Frame Relay
ATMEF
ATM
KATM
LANs ATM
WANs

2.5 G b/s, 622.08 M b/s, 155.52 M b/s, 51.84Mb/s, 25.6 M b/s
(Connection-OrientedF ATM
(Connectionless-Service)
ATM

- -

EATM NetworksF
virtual (ChannelF

K

ATM J
ITU-T
E JF ATM
ATMK
W

ATM J J
W(User PlaneF J
K
W(Control PlaneF J

K
Layer Management W(Management Plane) J

Plane Management
K
User Plan
K
- -

EATM NetworksF

WATM

ATM

K622.08 Mb/s155.52 Mb/s
E JF
ATM
KATM
( ATM Adaptation Layer -AAL)
Higher ATM
ATM ATM Layer
ATM AAL
ATM AAL
end-to-endAAL
F AAL
KAALE JFKEOSI

- -

EATM NetworksF
- -

EATM NetworksF

J

W(Virtual Channel -VC)
ATM
KVirtual Channel Identifier (VCI)
W(Virtual Channel Link -VCL)
ATMATM
KVCI
W(Virtual Channel Connection-VCC)
EF (VCLs)
VCC AAL
KVCC
WEVirtual Path -VP)
ATM
K(Virtual Path Identifier -VPI)
:(Virtual Path Link-VPL)
VPIVPI(VCLs)
K
W (Virtual Path Connection -VPC)
K
W(VCC)
VCC ATM VCC
ATM
WVCC
KVCCW
- -

EATM NetworksF
VCC WATM
K
VCCW
K

J
WITU-I

VCCW
E F
K
J F
WE
K
K VCCW
W
VCC
KEF
WE F
E J F
K
- -

EATM NetworksF
W
VCCs Congestion
VCCs
EF
KK
ITU-I
VCCs
VPCs
E F VPC
K
E (ATM Logical Connection- ATM J
VCCs ATM
X.25 Frame Relay

VCI VPI
ATM

ATM VCC

K
VCC
VCCs boundle VPC
KE JFEFEF
- -

EATM NetworksF

VPC VCCs
VPC
EVPCsF
KEVCCsF

WVirtual Paths
W J
EF
KEF
KW J
W J
Transmission Path
end- VCC
E F points
KEF
E JF
W
- -

EATM NetworksF

EEControl Signaling J
VPCs VCCs ATM

WVCCs
- -

EATM NetworksF
Semi permanent VCCs

K

VCCs
Meta-
KSignaling Channel

VPC
KVCCs
W VPCs
VCCs
KVCCs
VPC
KVPCVCC
VPC
KVPC
EATM (ATM Cells J

E F ATM
Header
W

K

K
- -

EATM NetworksF
WATM
ATMW Header Format J
User Network Interface (UNI)WE JF
KATM

E JF
KNNIE JF

- -

EATM NetworksF

E b aF
W

W Generic Flow Control (GFC) J
UNI

K
WVPI J
UNI
KNNI
WVCI J
KService Access Point
W Payload Type J

- -

EATM NetworksF
VCC
K
W Cell Loss Priority (CLP) J
CLP
KCLP
W Header Error Control (HEC) J
ATM

EF
Real Time Applications

K
WInformation Field J
K

ATM (ATM Services) J
ATM
K
WATM Forum

Real-Time Services J
W
W(Constant Bit Rate -CBR) J
- -

EATM NetworksF
W
KL J J
W-Time Variable Bit Rate (rt-VBR) J

F
K E

K

Non-Real-Time Services J
W

Non-Real-Time Variable Bit Rate J
QoS W(nrt-VBR)
K
K
W(Unspecified Bit Rate -UBR) J
ATM
JW VBR CBR
VBR J ,VBR CBR
K
J J J JW UBR
K
- -

EATM NetworksF
(Available Bit Rate -ABR) J

TCP end-to-end

ABRK TCP
Minimum Cell Rate (MCR)Peak Cell Rate (PCR)
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K(NEXT)?? J

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KIpconfig
K
K( Domain )
K
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KIP
KIP
IP DNS,DHCP,WINS
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W

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( My Network Places )
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DNSDHCPIPTCP/IP
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KTCP/IPArea Connection
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192.168.30.20 192.168.30.10 C
K255.255.255.0Subnet Mask

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KCommand PromptEStartF
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Subnet mask = Subnet Mask =
W W

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WWindowsW
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W
Client for Microsoft Network J
K J
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K
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- -

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??
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- -

1. Data and Computer Communications, 3rd. Ed., WILLIAM STALLINGS,
1991.
2. Data and Computer Communications, 6th. Ed., WILLIAM STALLINGS,

2003.
3. Communication Networks, LEON GARCIA, 2000.
4. Communication Networks, LEON GARCIA, 2004.
5. Wireless Communications and Networking, WILLIAM STALLINGS.
6. Advanced Electronic Communications Systems, 4th.Ed, Wayne Tomasi,

1998.
7. Data Communications and Networking,2nd., Behrouz A. forouzan.

...........................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
..........................................................................W
................................................................................................................ J
............................................................................................................. J
................................................................................. J J
................................................................................. J J
........................................................................................................ J
............................................................................... J J
.......................................................................... J J J
........................................................... J J J
....................................................................... J J J
...................................................................................... J
............................................................... X.25 J J
.................................................. Frame Relay J J
.................... Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) J J
.. WIntegrated Service Digital Network (ISDN) J J
............................................................................. Internet J J
............................................................................. J
............................................................................. J J
- - ............................................................................................ W
- - .......................................................................................................... J
- - ....................................................................................... 2-2
- - ............................................ Data ConversionsFF2-3
- - ...................................................................... J
- - ................................................ (Transmission ImpairmentsF J
- - ................................................................. EAttenuation) 2-5-1
- - ..............................................................EDelay DistortionF J J
- - ................................................................... (Time JitterF J J

- - .............................................. EInter-symbol InterferenceF J J

- - ............................................... (Cross Talk)2-5-5
- - ....................... (Intermodulation Noise) J J
- - ............................................ (Electrical Interference) J J
- - ........................................................ EThermal NoiseF J J
- - .........................................................(Impulse Noise ) J J
- - ...................................................................... EChannel CapacityF J
- - .....................................................................................................
- - ........................................................ ETransmission ChannelsFW
- - .......................................................................................................... J
- - ............................................................... EGuided Media F J
- - .............................................. ETwisted Pairs Wires) J J
- - ........................................................ ECoaxial Cables) J J
- - ............................................................. EOptical Fiber F J J
- - ...................................... Cable Composition J J J
- - .................................... J J
- - .....................................................................................................
- - ........................................................... EData Encoding) W
- - .......................................................................................................... J
- - ............................................... EEncoding of Digital DataF J
- - ........................... EUnipolar NRZF J J
- - .................................................. EEPolar Encoding J J
- - .................................. EEPNRZ J J J
- - ....................................... EPRZF J J J
- - .......................... EPolar Bi-phaseF J J J J
- - ............................................................ EScrambled EncodingF J
- - ....................................................... (AMI) J J
- - ................................................................ EHDB3F J J
- - ...................................................................... EB8ZSF J J
- - ........................................................................ J
- - ............................................................................ J

- - ..................... EEQuaternary Phase Shift Keying-QPSK J

- - ............................ EDigital Data CommunicationFW
- - ........................................................................................................ J
- - ...................... EDigital Data Transmission MethodsF J
- - ....................................... EEParallel Transmission J J
- - .......................................... (Serial Transmission) J J
- - ................................................... EETransmission Modes J
- - ............................................ EESimplex Mode J J
- - ............................... EHalf Duplex Mode -HDXF J J
- - ........................................ E(Full Duplex Mode-FDX J J
- - ....................... EFull/Full Duplex Mode-F/FDXF J J
- - ......................................................Error ControlFF J
- - ............................................................ ETypes of ErrorsF J J
- - ............................................. EError CorrectionF J J
- - ................................................... EInterfacingF J
- - .............................................................................EModem UnitF J
- - .................................................................... J J
- - ..................................................................................................
- - ..........................................................................EMultiplexingFW
- - ....................................................................................................... J
- - .......................... EFrequency Division Multiplexing -FDMF J
- - ............................ EFDM Carrier SystemsF J J
- - .......................................................................... 6-3-1
- - ..................................................................EDigital ServicesF J
- - ............................................................................. J
- - ............................. EEWave-Division Multiplexing -WDM J
- - ..................... EESynchronous Optical Network -SONET J
- - ..................................................................................................
- - ................................................... EATM NetworksFW
- - ........................................................................................................ J

- - ...................................................................................... ATM J
- - ............................................................................ J
- - ............................................................................ J
- - .............................. E (ATM Logical Connection- ATM J
- - ................................................................ EEControl Signaling J
- - .................................................................. EATM (ATM Services J
- - ..................................................................................................
- - ..................................... ELANs and Its InstrumentsFW
- - ........................................................................................................ J
- - .......................................................................... J
- - ................................................................................ J J
- - ............................................................................... J
- - ...................................................................... WEthernet J J
- - ............................................... Token Bus J J
- - .................................. Token Ring J J
- - ....................................................... J J
- - ...................................................................................................
- - ..................................................... EWireless NetworksFW
- - ........................................................................................................ J
- - ........................................... ESatellite CommunicationsF J
- - ......................................... J J
- - ......................................... J J
- - .......................................... ECellular Wireless NetworkF J
- - .................................. EWireless Local Loop-WLLF J
- - ....................... EWireless Local Area Network WLANF J
- - ..................................................................................................
- - ............................................................................................. W
- - ....................................................................... W
- - ................................................................................... W
- - ..............................................................................W

- - ........................................................ W
- - ................................................ W
- - ............................................................................. W
- - .................................................................... TCP/IPW
- - .................................................................. W
.....................................................................................................................

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W

Host computer center

Main frame Main frame

Mini Mini Mini Mini

Micro Micro Micro Micro Micro Micro Micro Micro

Integrated Service Digital Network J J

SPX IPX SPX/IPX W

Token Ring Ethernet

Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)

Ethernet Token ring FDDI PPP X.25

Layer of reaching Layer of reaching

TCP Interface TCP

Interface Ethernet PPP Interface

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) J

Packet Internet Groper (PING) J

Institute of Electrical & electronic J

(S/N)dB = 10 log10 S/N

EPolar Differential ManchesterF J J

Binary Encoder M-array Encoder

(Digital Data Communication)

Kone clock pulse

8-bit flag control Block of Data Error control 8-bit flag

EParity check BitF J

EAutomatic Repeat Request ARQF J

"Data Circuit Equipment (DCE)?

10010101 01001111 11010000 11011011W

FDM TDM STDM

ESynchronous Time Division MultiplexingF

Ch.1 Ch.2 Ch.24 Fb

Beginning Address Control STDM FCS Encoding

ATM Frame Relay

Semi permanent VCCs

EATM (ATM Cells J

Real Time Applications

(Available Bit Rate -ABR) J

ELANs and Its InstrumentsFW

K Token Passing Ring

Dual Attachments FDDI

IEEE 802.5 Token Ring W

EWireless Local Loop-WLLF J

EWireless Local Area Network WLANF J

Euniversal mobile telecommunications systemFUMTS

Ealliance/WECAwireless ethernet compatibilityF

(down link)(up link) J J

Pair 3 Pair 1 Pair 4 Pair 2 Pair 3 Pair 4

Pair 3 Pair 1 Pair 4 Pair 2 Pair 3 Pair 4

2. Data and Computer Communications, 6th. Ed., WILLIAM STALLINGS,

3. Communication Networks, LEON GARCIA, 2000.

4. Communication Networks, LEON GARCIA, 2004.

5. Wireless Communications and Networking, WILLIAM STALLINGS.

6. Advanced Electronic Communications Systems, 4th.Ed, Wayne Tomasi,

7. Data Communications and Networking,2nd., Behrouz A. forouzan.

- - .............................................. EInter-symbol InterferenceF J J

- - ..................... EEQuaternary Phase Shift Keying-QPSK J

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