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Rules:
a. Converse Rule determines the probability that something will not occur.
b. Addition Rule determine cumulative probability by adding probabilities
c. Multiplication rule probability of successive outcomes
Normal curve perfectly symmetrical, sometimes referred as a bell-shaped curve, unimodal, 100% of
the cases in a normal distribution falls under a normal curve.
Z score indicates direction and degree that any raw score deviates from the mean in sigma units
Chap 6
Sampling allows researchers to generalize to overcome the condition of being unable to measure an
entire population
a. Non-random samples
b. Random samples every member of the population has the same chance of being included
a. Accidental or convenience
b. Quota sample drawn in proportion to the population
c. Purposive logic, common sense, or judgement used to choose representative sample
Standard deviation of a sampling distribution of means is smaller than the SD of the population
Sample mean is more stable than the scores that compromise it.
Chap 7
Null Hypothesis there is no statistically significant difference between sample means of two groups
Sampling distribution provides basis for testing hypothesis between sample means
Alpha value level of probability where decisions can be made with confidence
Chap 8
Mean Square - value of sums of square grows as variation increases, value also increases with sample
size
Tukeys HSD (Honesty Significant Difference) with three or more samples, we need to determine
where the difference lies. Only makes sense after a significant F ratio has been identified
Two-way analysis of variance occurs when two factors or independent variables evaluated together in
the same experiment.