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ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.433-437
ABSTRACT
The use of renewable energy sources is becoming very necessary due to the limited reserves of fossil fuels and
global environmental concerns for the production of electrical power generation and utilization. In remote areas,
villages, it is easy to get more amount biomass. Hence by the use of hybrid systems consisting of Biomass and
PV for production of electrical energy in these remote areas can be more economical. If the development of a
computer-based approach for evaluating, the general performance of standalone hybrid PV- Biomass generating
systems are analyzed ,then these results are useful for developing and installing hybrid systems in remote areas
This paper focuses the economical consideration of standalone hybrid systems having PV and Biomass for
electrical production in remote areas. Also in this paper a simulation approach has been suggested for designing
stand alone grid for remote areas. The average solar radiation and quantity of biomass required data are to
predict the general performance of the generating system. The batteries can also be used in this system to store
the extra energy which can further be used for backup. Also the extra power is used to supply to the grid. Here
the simulation is carried out using HOMER software. The results and analysis can used to improve the
development of the proposed model.
Keywords Biomass, Hybrid system, Homer software, Micro grid, PV array
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Smruti Ranjan Pradhan et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.433-437
II. HYBRID SYSTEMS cloudy day, the total electricity production can depend
A PV Biomass power system, which is a on the biomass.
combination of a photovoltaic array integrated with a The most perspective was the building of
biomass generator, is a better option for a remote area biogas plant in a remote area and care has to be taken
which is not connected to the grid and is a best that, as there was located large dairy farm. Rest of the
solution to electrification of remote areas, where needed feedstock for this cogeneration plant is
extension of national grid is not a cost effective provided by plant biomass, e.g. cereals, perennial
option. The system which is analyzing consists of a grasses, maize, other energy crops or biomass from
PV array, a battery bank, a biomass generator, a unused agricultural areas. It is recommended to
charge controller and a DC/AC converter. In the include in feedstock, a part of manure, the different
design and sizing of the system; the system should be local biomass, e.g. maize, perennial grasses and
considered as an autonomous system. Such a legumes, straw, reed, waste biomass from food
constraint leads to an infinite number of possible industry, biodegradable part of municipal wastes,
system configurations. aiming to increase economical viability for potential
biogas projects and to provide stable round year
A. PV System: running of biogas cogeneration plants.
Sizing a photovoltaic system is an important task
in the systems design. In the sizing process one has to III. SYSTEM DESIGN
take into account three basic factors: The system was designed by calculating
i. The solar insolation of the site and generally the monthly demand of electrical energy required by a
Metrological data small community in remote area as well as power
ii. The daily power consumption (Wh) and types of output of the different solar PV-wind turbine generator
the electric loads, and combinations. Following points were taken into
iii. The storage system to contribute to the systems account in system design [2, 3]:
energy independence for a certain period of time The power generated from PV and biomass
The PV generator is oversized it will have a combination has to meet the total load of the
big impact in the final cost and the price of the power system. Energy required for water heating of the
produced and in the other hand, the PV-generator is community is provided by the solar water heater.
undersized, problems might occur in meeting the Short term electrical power storage using lead-
power demand at any time. The sizing should be acid batteries is considered. The size of battery
carefully planned, examining various possible PV bank is worked out to substitute the PV array
system configurations and various models of during cloudy and no-sun days.
components in order to get a cost effective and reliable Life time of battery bank is considered to be 5
system [3]. years. This point is important when estimating the
The amount of solar radiation at a site at any capital costs.
time, either it is expressed as solar intensity (W/m2) or The storage battery bank will be able to supply
solar insolation or radiation in MJ or Wh, is primarily power during a maximum of 5 days on no-sun
required to provide answer to the amount of power days.
produced by the PV generator. The amount of The AC power from the inverter of the system is
electrical energy produced by a PV-array depends fed to the distribution network of the community.
primarily on the insolation at a given location and
time. Data on solar insolation are usually given in the i. Optimization Analysis of the Hybrid System
form of global radiation that is beam, direct and HOMER performs the optimization process
diffuse radiation over a horizontal surface. in order to determine the best configuration of hybrid
renewable energy System based on several
B. Biomass power: combinations of equipments. Hence, multiple
Biomass is the amount of living matter in a possible combinations of equipments could be
given habitat, expressed either as the weight of obtained for the hybrid renewable energy system
organisms per unit area. Biogas is a mixture of gases, due to different size of PV array and biomass system,
generally carbon dioxide and methane. It is produced number of batteries and size of DC-AC converter.
by microorganisms, especially in the absence of Each and every combination of the system
oxygen. This process is called anaerobic process. configuration can be optimized by simulating it in the
Biogas also can develop at the bottom of lakes where search space. The feasible one will be d i s p l a ye d at
decaying organic matter builds up under wet and optimization r e s u l t sorted based on the Total Net
anaerobic conditions. And a biodiesel is made from Present Cost (TNPC).
vegetable oils and animal fats. The main feature of optimization is to know
The main factor of choosing this type of the optimized value and to meet the load and the entire
hybrid system consist of biomass is that in remote area load has to be supplied by the PV-biomass system for
villages it is easily and economically available in the the entire year without depending on grid[6].
form of dung of cow, buffalo, goat etc. During the
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Smruti Ranjan Pradhan et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.433-437
www.ijera.com 435 | P a g e
Smruti Ranjan Pradhan et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.433-437
Fig.1: Basic setting of loads and sources in Homer Fig. 5: Solar yearly radiation
The main feature of simulation in Homer is
selecting the suitable sizes of the sources to meet the
daily load curve pattern of the system. As shown in
Fig. 1 the load is having an average load of
20kwh/day and the peak load is 3.6kw. Hence the size
of the PV, biomass generator, battery and converter
are matched with the load patterns. Fig. 6: Percentage share of PV-Biomass
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Smruti Ranjan Pradhan et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.433-437
prices of PV panels and other auxiliary system prices review of definitions and calculation
are also decreasing considerably. methodologies, Elsevier, Energy and
Buildings 43 (2011) 971979
V. CONCLUSION [7] Guglielmo S. Aglietti,Harnessing High-
The results obtained by using Homer software can Altitude Solar Power, IEEE, transactions on
be very realistic and gives very promising results for energy conversion, vol. 24, no. 2, june 2009
Hybrid systems. The main feature of this software is; [8] Mohan Kolhe Techno-Economic Optimum
it will integrate the local climatic conditions and hence Sizing of a Stand-Alone Solar Photovoltaic
planning of energy model is simpler. System, , IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
In this paper the analysis has been given for ENERGY CONVERSION, VOL. 24, NO. 2,
systematic procedure towards to plan a PV-Biomass JUNE 2009
based hybrid system and its Economic analysis [9] Electricity, Resources, and Building Systems
including calculation of percentage savings, payback Integration at the National Renewable Energy
period analysis. It will give the complete solution to Laboratory, David Mooney National
remote areas which are not accessible to the grid. Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden,
Initially these schemes may be costly but, the frequent Colorado 978-1-4244-4241-6/09/ 2009
usage of such schemes and wide acceptance of the IEEE
technology can able to decrease the cost of such [10] Creating Low-Cost Energy-Management
schemes. Systems for Homes Using Non-Intrusive
Energy Monitoring Devices, Rebecca L.
VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Sawyer, Jason M. Anderson, Edward Lane
We thank the management of Gandhi Foulks, John O. Troxler, and Robert W. Cox
Institute of Engineering and Technology for providing 978-1-4244-2893-9/09/ 2009 IEEE
the Research facilities and their support. [11] G.R.K.D.Satya Prasad, Dr.KVijaya Kumar
Reddy, Dr.Ch. Sai babu, Integration of
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