Info Session for the Ph.D.

Qualifying Exam (ME)

Solid Mechanics and Structures

Ashfaq Adnan

aadnan@uta.edu
WH 315 B
Solid Mechanics and Structures
Solid Mechanics and Structures Note:
Exam is for 3 hours.
Exam is closed book and closed notes.
Students are allowed to use non-programmable calculator.

Topics: Students will be assessed on

undergraduate level Solid Mechanics and
Structural Dynamics

Solid Mechanics
MAE 2312 - Solid Mechanics
Structural Dynamics
MAE 3316 Aerospace Structural Dynamics
MAE 4314 Mechanical Vibrations
 Solid Mechanics
Typically 4 questions are asked.
You have 90 minutes to solve.

Suggested Textbook: J.M. Gere and B. J. Goodno, Mechanics of

Materials, 8th Edition or later, Cenage Learning.
Suggested Topics:
Stress and Strain
Mechanical Properties of Materials
Axial Load
Torsion
Transverse Shear Force and Bending Moments
Plane Stress, Strain and Combined Loading
Analysis of Stress and Strain and Transformation
Analysis of Beams and Shafts
Beam Deflection
Buckling of Columns
 J.M. Gere and B. J. Goodno, Mechanics of
Materials, 8th Edition
1. TENSION, COMPRESSION, AND SHEAR.
Introduction to Mechanics of Material. Statics Review. Normal Stress and Strain. Mechanical Properties of Materials. Elasticity, Plasticity, and Creep. Linear Elasticity,
Hooke''s Law, and Poisson''s Ratio. Shear Stress and Strain. Allowable Stresses and Allowable Loads. Design for Axial Loads and Direct Shear.
2. AXIALLY LOADED MEMBERS.
Introduction. Changes in lengths of Axially Loaded Members. Changes in Lengths under Nonuniform Conditions. Statically Indeterminate Structures. Thermal Effects, Misfits,
and Prestrains. Stresses on Inclined Sections. Strain Energy. Impact Loading. Repeated Loading and Fatigue. Stress Concentrations. Nonlinear Behavior. Elastoplastic Analysis.
3. TORSION.
Introduction. Torsional Deformations of a Circular Bar. Circular Bars of Linearly Elastic Materials. Nonuniform Torsion. Stresses and Strains in Pure Shear. Relationship
Between Moduli of Elasticity E and G. Transmission of Power by Circular Shafts. Statically Indeterminate Torsional Members. Strain Energy in Torsion and Pure Shear. Torsion
of Noncircular Prismatic Shafts. Thin-Walled Tubes. Stress Concentration in Torsion.
4. SHEAR FORCES AND BENDING MOMENTS.
Introduction. Types of Beams, Loads, and Reactions. Shear Forces and Bending Moments. Relationship Between Loads, Shear Forces and Bending Moments. Shear-Force and
Bending-Moment Diagrams.
5. STRESSES IN BEAMS (BASIC TOPICS).
Introduction. Pure Bending and Nonuniform Bending. Curvature of Beam. Longitudinal Strains in Beams. Normal Stress in Beams (Linearly Elastic Materials). Design of Beams
for Bending Stresses. Nonprismatic Beams. Shear Stresses in Beams of Rectangular Cross Section. Shear Stresses in Beams of Circular Cross Section. Shear Stresses in the
Webs of Beams with Flanges. Built-Up Beams and Shear Flow. Beams with Axial Loads. Stress Concentrations in Bending.
6. STRESSES IN BEAMS (ADVANCED TOPICS).
Introduction. Composite Beams. Transformed-Section Method. Doubly Symmetric Beams with Inclined Loads. Bending of Unsymmetric Beams. The Shear-Center Concept.
Shear Stresses in Beams of Thin-Walled Open Cross Sections. Shear Stresses in Wide-Flange Beams. Shear Centers of Thin-Walled Open Sections. Elastoplastic Bending.
7. ANALYSIS OF STRESS AND STRAIN.
Introduction. Plane Stress. Principal Stresses and Maximum Shear Stresses. Mohr''s Circle for Plane Stress. Hooke''s Law for Plane Stress. Triaxial Stress. Plane Strain.
8. APPLICATIONS OF PLANE STRESS (PRESSURE VESSELS, BEAMS, AND COMBINED LOADINGS).
Introduction. Spherical Pressure Vessels. Cylindrical Pressure Vessels. Maximum Stresses in Beams. Combined Loadings.
9. DEFLECTIONS OF BEAMS.
Introduction. Differential Equations of the Deflection Curve. Deflections by Integration of the Bending-Moment Equation. Deflections by Integration of the Shear-Force and
Load Equations. Method of Superposition. Moment-Area Method. Nonprismatic Beams. Strain Energy of Bending. Castigliano''s Theorem. Deflections produced by Impact.
Temperature Effects.
10. STATICALLY INDETRMINATE BEAMS.
Introduction. Types of Statically Indeterminate Beams. Analysis by the Differential Equations of the Deflection Curve. Method of Superposition. Temperature Effects.
Longitudinal Displacements at the End of a Beam.
11. COLUMNS.
Introduction. Buckling and Stability. Columns with Pinned Ends. Columns with Other Support Conditions. Columns with Eccentric Axial Loads. The Secant Formula for
Columns. Elastic and Inelastic Column Behavior. Inelastic Buckling. Design Formulas for Columns.
 Typical Questions from Solid
Mechanics
Disclaimer:
These are not past exam questions nor they
should be considered as the list of questions that
may appear in the upcoming ex
 Dynamics
Typically 6-8 questions are asked.
You have 90 minutes to solve.

Suggested Textbook: Fundamentals of Structural Dynamics,

2nd Ed or later, Roy R. Craig & Andrew J Kurdila, John Wiley,
2006. Suggested Topics:
Free Vibration of Single degree Of Freedom Systems (SDOF)
Harmonic Response SDOF
Transient Response SDOF
Numerical Methods for Transient Response of SDOF
Continuous Systems o Rods and beams o Natural frequencies o
Various boundary conditions
2-Degree of Freedom Systems - Natural Frequencies
Multi degree of Freedom Systems - Natural Frequencies
Modal Methods - Response of Mutli-DOF
Problem 1:
Find the response of a SDOF system with M=2 kg, K=32 N/m subject to a
double pulse described below.

F(t)= P1 N for 0<=t<=t1

= 0 for t1<t<=t2
= P2*sin((pi/2)*(t-t2)) N for t2<t<=t3
= 0 for t3<t
Use the following data: t1=2 s, t2=5 s, t3=9 s, P1=8 N, p2=4 N.

Solve the problem use the formulas given in the appendix. Find the
solutions for the 4 time periods. Also find the response at t=3.

A double pulse
10

P1

5
P2
Force

0 t1 t2 t3

-5
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time

Problem 2

For a 2-dof system with the following data:

K =[45 -20
-20 20] (N/m)
M =[ 1 0

1
 0 2] (Kg)

Find the response of the system by modal superposition method

When the system is subject to step input.

F(t)=[10
40] (N)

With the following initial conditions:

u(0)=[.5;1]; v0=[1;-.25];

The eigenvalues and the associated eigenvectors for the system are:

First mode Second mode

Eigenvalue: 5 50
Eigenvector [1 [-4
2 1]

Problem 3

Find the natural frequencies and the associated mode shapes of a

2-dof system with
K =[225 -100
-100 100] (N/m)
M =[ 1 0
0 2] (Kg)

2
 Appendix A. Summary of SDOF Response to various Inputs
Equation of Motion
+ + = () (1)

Initial conditions (0) = 0 (0) = 0 (2)

Response to initial conditions

Free vibration: () = 0
() = ( + ) (3)

= = = = 1 2 (4)
2
= 0 = (0 + 0 )/
Response to step inputs
Step input: () = 0

() = [ ( + )] (5)
= 1 = / (6)
Response to Sine Input
() = 0 sin t , 0 = 0 = 0
() = + + ( + ) (7)
2 c
1 = 0 2 = ( ) 0 = ( 2 )2 + ()2 (8)

= 2 = ( 1 )/ (9)
Response to Cosine Input
() = 0 cos t , 0 = 0 = 0
() = + ( + ) (10)
2 c
1 = ( )0 2 = ( )0 = ( 2 )2 + ()2 (11)

= 1 = ( + 2 )/ (12)
Response to polynomial Inputs
() = 0 + 1 + 2 2 0 = 0 = 0
() = 0 + 1 + 2 2 + ( + ) (13)
1
0 = 3 (2 2 2 1 + 0 2 2 2 )

1
1 = 2 ( 1 2 2 )
(14)
2 = 2
= 0

= (1 + 0 )

Special case: Undamped systems

3
Initial conditions
() = 0 (0) = 0 (0) = 0

() = + (15)

Step input
() = 0 0 = 0 = 0

() = ( ) (16)
Sine inputs
() = 0 sin t 0 = 0 = 0

() = ( ) (17)

Cosine inputs
() = 0 cos t 0 = 0 = 0

() = ( ) (18)

Sine resonant
() = 0 sin t 0 = 0 = 0
0
( ) = (sin cos ) (19)
2
Cosine resonant
() = 0 cos t 0 = 0 = 0
0
( ) = ( sin ) (20)
2
Periodic input
( ) = 0 + cos() + sin() (21)
() = 0 + ( cos ) + ( sin ) (22)
=
Use Fourier series to find coefficients a 0 , a n and b n .
Polynomial inputs
( ) = 0 + 1 + 2 2 0 = 0 = 0
( ) = 0 + 1 + 2 2 + cos + sin (23)
1
0 = 2 ( 0 2 2 )

1
1 =
2 (24)
2 =
= 0

4
1. The system shown is excited by F(t) applied to the mass m. The system moves in a horizontal plane so there is
no need to consider a gravity force.

a. Draw an appropriate free body diagram.

b. Derive the equation of motion.
c. Find numerical values for the undamped natural frequency in R/S and Hz.
d. Find the undamped period.
e. Find the critical damping constant cc and the actual damping constant c, if the damping ratio is 15 per cent.
f. Find the damped natural frequency in R/S and Hz.

k = 80 lbf/in, mg = w = 800 lbf

2. a. Write the equation of motion of the system in Question 1 if F(t) = F cos( t).
b. Find the equation for the amplitude of the stead-state response if c = 0.0.
c. Find the magnitude of the amplitude of steady-state response if F = 7.0 lbf and = 0.75 n

3. Use a hand calculation to find the natural frequencies (in R/S and Hz) and the natural modes of vibration for
the system whose mass and stiffness matrices are given below. Normalize the modal vectors so that the largest
value in each vector is 1.0.

4 0 4 2
M = kg K= N / m
0 2 2 6

4. A steel cantilever beam of length L has a rectangular cross section b x h where b and h are the height and
width of your wrist and L is the length of your arm, finger tip to shoulder. Estimate these dimensions.

b = __________
Compute the first natural frequency in Rad/Sec and in Hz.
h = __________
Sketch mode shapes 1 & 2.. No mode shape calculations are necessary.

L = __________
________________________________________________________________________

Some Equations:

g = 32.2 ft/sec2 = 386 in/sec2 = 9.8 m/sec2.

a x2 + b x + c = 0 x1, x2 = [-b sqrt(b2 4ac)]/(2a)

Properties of Steel E = 30x106 psi = 207 GPa poissons ratio = 0.3

Weight density = 0.283 lbf/in3 , Mass density = 7860 kg/m3

1. The system shown is excited by F(t) applied to the mass m. The system moves in a
horizontal plane so there is no need to consider a gravity force.

a. Draw an appropriate free body diagram and derive the equation of motion.
b. Find numerical values for the undamped natural frequency in R/S and Hz.
c. Find the undamped period.
d. Find the critical damping constant c c and the actual damping constant c, if the
damping ratio is 25 per cent.
e. Find the damped natural frequency in R/S and Hz.

k = 60 lbf/in, mg = w = 700 lbf

2. Find the equation for the time response of the system in question 1 if c = 0.0 and
F(t) is a 20 lbf step function. Sketch the response curve.

3. Use Newtons second law to derive the equations of motion for the system shown.
Use the rotation of the uniform bar and the vertical displacement of the mass as
variables. Make good sketches showing your axis systems and the symbols and positive
directions for the variables you use. Draw good free body diagrams of the bar, the
mass, the spring and the damper.

The bar rotates freely about the hinge. Neglect gravity and consider small angular
motions. I o = (mL2)/3, I cg = (mL2)/12. Express the final equations of motion in matrix
form.
4. Use a hand calculation to find the natural frequencies (in R/S and Hz) and the
natural modes of vibration for the system whose matrices are given below. Normalize
the modal vectors so that the largest value in each vector is 1.0.

4 0 4 2
M = kg K= N / m
0 2 2 8

5. A steel cantilever beam of length L has a rectangular cross section b x h where b

and h are the height and width of your wrist and L is the length of your arm, finger tip
to shoulder. Estimate these dimensions and any material properties you need.

b = ____________
Compute the first natural frequency in Rad/Sec and in Hz
for the bar bending about the smaller cross section inertia.
h = ____________
Make an accurate Sketch of the mode shape. No
calculations are necessary.

L = ____________

g = 32.2 ft/sec2 = 386 in/sec2 = 9.8 m/sec2.

a x2 + b x + c = 0 x 1 , x 2 = [-b sqrt(b2 4ac)]/(2a)

1 3
bh
12
Problem 1:

(a) Is Kg/sec a correct unit for damper constant?

(b) What is the natural frequency for the system shown in Figure 1?

(c) What is the critical damper constant for the system shown in
Figure 1?(for a damper located between the mass and the ground
(parallel to k1))

(d) Given a SDOF system with M = 20 kg, K = 8000 N/m, C = 15 N-m/s,

what is the magnitude of a sinusoidal force to produce a steady
state response with an amplitude of 5 cm at the forcing frequency
of 4 Hz.

(e) For a damped SDOF system, the phase angle of steady sate
sinusoidal vibration at undamped natural frequency is
(a) /4, (b) /2, (c) 0.8*, (d)

1
Problem 2:

For a system with M = 20 kg, K = 2880 N/m, C = 24 N-s/m and sinusoidal

loading with P o = 288 N, Compute the complex frequency responses at
= 10 r/s, 12 r/s and 20 r/s. Mark these points as points A,B and C
respectively in the following Bode, CO-QUAD and Nyquist plots.

0
Bode plot CO-QUAD plot
10 1

Real component
Magnitude

0.5
-1
10
0

-2
10 -0.5
0 20 40 0 20 40

0 0
Imaginary component

-50
Phase angle

-0.5
-100
-1
-150

-200 -1.5
0 20 40 0 20 40
Frequency ratio Frequency ratio

Nyquist (Polar, vectot) plot

0

-0.1

-0.2

-0.3
Imaginary component

-0.4

-0.5

-0.6

-0.7

-0.8

-0.9

-1
-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6
Real component

2
Problem 3:

What frequency range , must be avoided so

that the amplitude of steady-state response of an undamped SDOF
system
(response to p0*sin(Omega*t)) is less than, or equal to, three
times the static deflection due to p0.

3
Problem 4

For a 2-dof spring-mass system with the following data:

K =[90 -40
-40 40] (N/m)
M =[ 2 0
0 4] (Kg)
Find natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes of
the system.

4
Problem 5

For a 2-dof system with the following data:

K =[225 -100
-100 100] (N/m)
M =[ 1 0
0 2] (Kg)
The eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors are known to
be:
Mode No. Eigenvalue Eigenvector
1 25 [ 1;2]
2 50 [1;-4]
Find analytical solution of total response to a step input
F(t)=[60
20] (N)
use mode superposition method.

(Assume zero initial conditions)

5
 Summary of SDOF Response to various Inputs

Equation of Motion
+ + = () (1)

Initial conditions (0) = 0 (0) = 0 (2)

Time domain responses

Response to initial conditions

Free vibration: () = 0
() = ( + ) (3)

= = = = 1 2 (4)
2
= 0 = (0 + 0 )/
Response to step inputs
Step input: () = 0

() = [ ( + )] (5)
= 1 = / (6)
Response to Sine Input
() = 0 sin t , 0 = 0 = 0
() = + + ( + ) (7)
2 c
1 = 0 2 = ( ) 0 = ( 2 )2 + ()2 (8)

= 2 = ( 1 )/ (9)
Response to Cosine Input
() = 0 cos t , 0 = 0 = 0
() = + ( + ) (10)
2 c
1 = ( )0 2 = ( )0 = ( 2 )2 + ()2 (11)

= 1 = ( + 2 )/ (12)
Response to polynomial Inputs
() = 0 + 1 + 2 2 0 = 0 = 0
() = 0 + 1 + 2 2 + ( + ) (13)
1
0 = 3 (2 2 2 1 + 0 2 2 2 )

1
1 = 2 ( 1 2 2 )
(14)
2 = 2
= 0

= (1 + 0 )