Multiloop Circuits

KIRCHHOFFS RULES:
Junction rule. The sum of the magnitudes of the
currents directed into a junction equals the sum of the
magnitudes of the currents directed out of the junction.

Loop rule. Around any closed loop, the sum of the

potential drops equals the sum of the potential rises.
A multiloop circuit is shown containing one ideal emf source
and four resistors:

i. What is the current

through the battery?
A multiloop circuit is shown containing one ideal emf source
and four resistors:

i. What is the
current through
the battery?
Junction rule at pt. b:
I1 I 2 I3 (1)
Loop rule at A:
I1R1 I 2 R2 I1R4 0 12 28I1 20I 2 =0 (2)
Loop rule at B:
I1R1 I3 R3 I1R4 0 12 28I1 30I3 =0 (3)
A multiloop circuit is shown containing one ideal emf source
and four resistors:

i. What is the current

through the battery?

Subtract (3) from (2):

12 28I1 20 I 2 0
(12 28I1 30 I 3 0)
20 I 2 30 I 3 0 (4)
 Example 3:
A multiloop circuit is shown containing one ideal emf source
and four resistors:

i. What is the current

through the battery?

Add (4) to 20x(1) to eliminate I2:

( I 2 I 3 I1 )(20)
20 I 2 30 I 3 0
2
50 I 3 20 I1 I 3 I1
5
A multiloop circuit is shown containing one ideal emf source
and four resistors:

i. What is the current

through the battery?

Substitute I3 to (3):
2
I1
12 28I1 30 I 3 5 0
12
I1 0.3 A
28 12
A multiloop circuit is shown containing one ideal emf source
and four resistors:

i. What is the current

through the battery?

ii. What is the current

through R2?
A multiloop circuit is shown containing one ideal emf source
and four resistors:

i. What is the current

through the battery?

ii. What is the current

through R2?
Substitute I1 to (2) to get I2:
12 28(0.3)
12 28I1 20 I 2 0 I 2 0.18 A
20
Problem 26.21: In the circuit shown in the Fig below find
(a) the current in resistor R; (b) the resistance R; (c) the
unknown emf E. (d) If the circuit is broken at point x, what
is the current along resistor R?
answers: 8.0 A
emf1= 36 V
emf2 54 V
R = 9.0
Ammeter: a current-measuring instrument. Always measure the current
passing through it.

V = IfsRc (potential for full scale deflection)

I fs Rc I a I fs Rsh (ammeter)
 Example: What shunt resistance is required to make the 1.00 mA,
20.0 meter described above into an ammeter with a range of 0 to
50.0 mA?
ans: 0.408

VOLTMETER
 Ans: Rs = 9980

OHMETER
- lamps, motors, computers, TV sets are always connected in
parallel with each other and with the power source.

- household wiring has two main lines: neutral side and hot side.
Neutral side is connected to the ground.

I = P/V ( current drawn by each appliance in household

circuits)

R = V2/P ( resistance of a resistor or of any appliance)

Key Features

Fuse
Circuit breaker
Short circuit
Overloading
hot side (live wire)
Neutral side (ground)
Two prong plug and Three prong plug
What we buy from power companies?